MTI翻译硕士英语模拟题2解析
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(15)
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（15）(1/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第1题commencement ceremony下一题(2/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第2题trade liberalization上一题下一题(3/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第3题UCLA上一题下一题(4/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第4题venture investment上一题下一题(5/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第5题innovation-incentive mechanism上一题下一题(6/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第6题cultural heritage上一题下一题(7/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第7题PPI上一题下一题(8/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第8题symphony orchestra上一题下一题(9/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第9题put on airs上一题下一题(10/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第10题FIFA上一题下一题(11/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第11题economic turnaround(12/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第12题conglomerate上一题下一题(13/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第13题The Internet of Things上一题下一题(14/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第14题market positioning上一题下一题(15/15)Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points，1 point each)：第15题cast pearls before a swine上一题下一题(1/15)Translate the following terms into English (15 points，1 point each)：第16题自主创业上一题下一题(2/15)Translate the following terms into English (15 points，1 point each)：第17题达人秀上一题下一题(3/15)Translate the following terms into English (15 points，1 point each)：第18题种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.3 billion, which will create a huge market for this new industry.正确答案：在上班时间去厕所一度是偷懒的一种办法，然而一切即将改变。
有数据显示，英国人每天平均查阅移动设备34次。
一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机。
热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供特定任务的应用软件，以便他们能随时随地工作。
此举就以提供所谓的生产力“微瞬间”(micro-moments)的方式，催生了一种全新的工作方式。
这是更大趋势的一部分，而这个趋势是随着企业应用软件的兴起而发展起来的。
这些应用软件，即智能手机中与工作相关的应用程序，已经改变了我们私生活的方式。
据报道，明年移动工作者的数量将超过13亿，这将为这一新兴产业创造巨大市场。
解析：1．第一段由两个分句组成。
分句间由分号相隔，但根据上下文可知，它们之间明显包含转折之意，故建议增译“然而”、“但是”这类表转折的连接词。
另外，为了使表达更地道，翻译时某些词语需好好斟酌。
比如，visit the toilet不能简单直译为“拜访厕所”，译成“上(去)厕所”即可；avoid doing work 译为“避开工作”显得生硬，建议可译成“偷懒”。
2．第二段第二句是个结构复杂的长句，翻译的关键是理清句子的结构关系。
该句主句的主干为Clever employers are now providing employees with task-specific apps。
主语employer有两个修饰成分：Clever和keen to make．．．anything to do，第二个修饰语很长，若将它全部套在“老板”前面作定语，会导致译文头重脚轻和表意不清。
此处建议拆分第二个修饰语，将obsessively tapping．．．anything to do独立成句，译作“一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机”，剩余部分则译作另一句，并用“这一习惯”指代上句所述行为，即译为“热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供……”。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(5)
B.obligations
C.observations
D.regulations
上一题下一题
(5/30)Vocabulary
第5题
The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.
A.keep up with
B.give away with
C.go back on
D.lose sight of
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(12/30)Vocabulary
第12题
Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so______and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.
(2/30)Vocabulary
第2题
The old lady has developed a_____cough which cannot be cured completely in as hort time.
A.perpetual
B.permanent
C.chronic
D.sustained
上一题下一题
C.should have to like
D.I should have liked to
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(4/30)Vocabulary
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(2)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题LONDON—Webster's Dictionary defines plague as "anything that afflicts or troubles; calamity; scourge." Further definitions include "any contagious epidemic disease that is deadly; esp., bubonic plague" and, from the Bible, "any of various calamities sent down as divine punishment." The verb form means "to vex; harass; trouble; torment."In Albert Camus' novel, The Plague, written soon after the Nazi occupation of France, the first sign of the epidemic is rats dying in numbers: "They came up from basements and cubby-holes, cellars and drains, in long swaying lines; they staggered in the light, collapsed and died, right next to people. At night, in corridors and side-streets, one could clearly hear the tiny squeaks as they expired. In the morning, on the outskirts of town, you would find them stretched out in the gutter with a little floret of blood on their pointed muzzles, some blown up and rotting, other stiff, with their whiskers still standing up."The rats are messengers, but—human nature being what it is—their message is not immediately heeded. Life must go on. There are errands to run, money to be made. The novel is set in Oran, an Algerian coastal town of commerce and lassitude, where the heat rises steadily to the point that the sea changes color, deep blue turning to a "sheen of silver or iron, making it painful to look at." Even when people start to die—their lymph nodes swollen, blackish patches spreading on their skin, vomiting bile, gasping for breath—the authorities' response is hesitant. The word "plague" is almost unsayable. In exasperation, the doctor-protagonist tells a hastily convened health commission: "I don't mind the form of words. Let's just say that we should not act as though half the town were not threatened with death, because then it would be."The sequence of emotions feels familiar. Denial is followed by faint anxiety, which is followed by concern, which is followed by fear, which is followed by panic. The phobia is stoked by the sudden realization that there are uncontrollable dark forces, lurking in the drains and the sewers, just beneath life's placid surface. The disease is a leveler, suddenly everyone is vulnerable, and the moral strength of each individual is tested. The plague is on everyone's minds, when it's not in their bodies. Questions multiply: What is the chain of transmission? How to isolate the victims?Plague and epidemics are a thing of the past, of course they are. Physical contact has been cut to a minimum in developed societies. Devices and their digital messages direct our lives. It is not necessary to look into someone's eyes let alone touch their skin in order to become, somehow, intimate. Food is hermetically sealed. Blood, secretions, saliva, pus, bodily fluids—these are things with which hospitals deal, not matters of daily concern.A virus contracted in West Africa, perhaps by a man hunting fruit bats in a tropical forest to feed his family, and cutting the bat open, cannot affect a nurse in Dallas, Texas, who has been wearing protective clothing as she tended a patient who died. Except that it does. "Pestilence is in fact very common," Camus observes, "but we find it hard to believe in a pestilence when it descends upon us."The scary thing is that the bat that carries the virus is not sick. It is simply capable of transmitting the virus in the right circumstances. In other words, the virus is always lurking even if invisible. Itis easily ignored until it is too late.Pestilence, of course, is a metaphor as well as a physical fact. It is not just blood oozing from gums and eyes, diarrhea and vomiting. A plague had descended on Europe as Camus wrote. The calamity and slaughter were spreading through the North Africa where he had passed his childhood. This virus hopping today from Africa to Europe to the United States has come in a time of beheadings and unease. People put the phenomena together as denial turns to anxiety and panic. They sense the stirring of uncontrollable forces. They want to be wrong but they are not sure they are.At the end of the novel, the doctor contemplates a relieved throng that has survived: "He knew that this happy crowd was unaware of something that one can read in books, which is that the plague bacillus never dies or vanishes entirely, that it can remain dormant for dozens of years in furniture or clothing, that it waits patiently in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, handkerchiefs and old papers, and that perhaps the day will come when, for the instruction or misfortune of mankind, the plague will rouse its rats and send them to die in some well-contented city."下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题PARIS-When France won its second Nobel Prize in less than a week on Monday, this time for economics, Prime Minister Manuel Valls quickly took to Twitter, insisting with no shortage of pride that the accomplishment was a loud rebuke for those who say that France is a nation in decline."After Patrick Modiano, another Frenchman in the firmament: Congratulations to Jean Tirole!" Mr. Valls wrote. "What a way to thumb one's nose at French bashing! Proud of France."Some in the country were already giddy after Mr. Modiano, a beloved author, whose concise and moody novels are often set in France during the Nazi occupation, won the Nobel Prize for literature last week. The award helped to raise the global stature of Mr. Modiano, whose three books published in the United States—two novels and a children's book—before the Nobel had collectively sold fewer than 8,000 copies.Joining in the chorus, Le Monde suggested in an editorial that at a time of rampant French-bashing, Mr. Modiano's achievement was something of a vindication for a country where Nobel Prizes in literature flow more liberally than oil. Mr. Modiano was the 15th French writer, including Sartre and Camus, to win the award.Yet this being France, a country where dissatisfaction can be worn like an accessory, some intellectuals, economists and critics greeted the awards with little more than a shrug at a time when the economy has been faltering, Paris has lost influence to Berlin and Brussels, the far-right National Front has been surging, and Francois Hollande has become one of the most unpopular French presidents in recent history. Others sniffed haughtily that while France was great at culture, it remained economically and politically prostrate.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of his prize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of hisprize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Alain Finkielkraut, a professor of philosophy at the elite 图片Polytechnique, who recently published a book criticizing what he characterized as France's descent into conformity and multiculturalism, said that rather than showing that France was on the ascent, the fetishizing of the Nobel Prizes by the French political elite revealed the country's desperation."I find the idea that the Nobels are being used as a riposte to French-bashing idiotic," he said. "Our education system is totally broken, and the Nobel Prize doesn't change anything. I have a lot of affection for Mr. Modiano, but I think Philip Roth deserved it much more. To talk that all in France is going well and that the pessimism is gone is absurd. France is doing extremely badly. There is an economic crisis. There is a crisis of integration. I am not going to be consoled by these medals made of chocolate."Robert Frank, a history professor emeritus at the University of Paris 1—Sorbonne, and the author of The Fear of Decline, France From 1914 to 2014, echoed that the self-aggrandizement that had greeted the prizes among the French establishment reflected a country lacking in self-confidence. In earlier centuries, he noted, the prize had been greeted as something obvious.When French writers or intellectuals won Nobels in the mid-20th century, "there was no jolt at that time, because France still saw itself as important, so there wasn't much to add to that," he said. "Today, it may help some people to show that France still counts in certain places in the world. This doesn't fix the crisis of unemployment, however, that is sapping this society."In academic economic circles, Mr. Tirole's winning the 2014 Nobel in economic science for his work on the best way to regulate large, powerful firms, was greeted as a fitting tribute to a man whose work had exerted profound influence. It added to an already prominent year for French economists, as seen from Thomas Piketty's book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, which became an immediate best-seller when translated into English six months ago.Mr. Tirole's work gained particular attention after the 2008 financial crisis, which revealed problems in the regulation of financial firms in the United States and Europe.But some noted the paradox of the award going to an economist from a nation where the economy was less than shimmering, and where many businesses and critics bemoan a culture of excessive red tape.Others like Sean Safford, an associate professor of economic sociology at Institut 图片Politiques de Paris, the elite institute for political studies known as Sciences Po, said Mr. Tirole, a professor of economics at the University of Toulouse in France, was notable for coming at a time of economic malaise and brain drain, when so many of the country's brightest are emigrating elsewhere in Europe or to the United States. "The average French person, who is struggling to pay the bills, is not going to rejoice," he said.At a time when France is trying to overhaul its social model amid withering resistance to change, others said the award had laid bare the country's abiding stratification between a small, hyper-educated elite and the rest of the country.Peter Gumbel, a British journalist living in France who most recently wrote a book on French elitism, said that while the prize would provide some sense of national validation, the two men did not reflect the country as a whole."Undoubtedly the French ecosystem produces incredibly smart people at the very top end, whoare capable of winning prizes, and who fall into a grand tradition, and that is what the French school system is geared to Produce," he said.上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家，一个经历了深重苦难的国家，一个实行中国特色社会主义制度的国家，一个世界上最大的发展中国家和正在发生深刻变革的国家。
英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试卷试优选题包括答案
2019年英语翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟试题及答案(2) Part 3 Error Correction1.An “epigram ” is usually descried as a bright orwitty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A.describedB.discardedC.deservedD.disconcerted2.Human beings are superior to animals that theycan use language as a tool of communication.A. in thatB. in whichC. for thatD. for which3.The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customersin the southeast of China only.A.servesB.to serveC.servingD.service4.The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.A. both experiencesB. experiences bothC. experience bothD. experienced both5.Our company has been made one of thelargest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.A. become, inB. made, in field ofC. became, in the fieldD. been made of, in6.Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivity.A.reorganizedB.startedC.encouragedD.taught7. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. did not because they say they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. did not because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t8.Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market9.Construction is expanding all over China, no doubtmany materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed fora very big amountB. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in avery big amountC. China, no doubt many materials will be needed inlarge amountsD. China, no doubt many materials will be needed forlarge amounts10.The recent conference on the effective use ofthe seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A.resolveB.resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved11.Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body,and drinking enough water — either tap water or expensivemineral water — will ensure that the body is properly lubricatedand flushed.A.per-centB.per capitaC.percentD.percentage12. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,”says a director of development.“But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the project.”A. ofB. offC. onD. for13.By using new foreign textbooks, we could not onlylearn the right expression of business ideas, but also wewill know the lastest developments in the business world.A. but also will know the lastestB. but also know the lastestC. but also know the latestD. but also come to know the latest14.The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.A. take over from exportsB. take from exportsC. take exportsD. takes exports15.Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.A. sects likeB. sectors likeC. sections asD. sections such as$age$Section 2 ： Reading Comprehension (50 points) The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51—60 are based on the following passage.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change andits impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global℃ ℃.Although the issue of the changing climate is very complexand some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises.Scientists have argued about whether temperature risesare due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that“most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a“discernible human influence on the climate ” which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be.Key points of the projections for climate changeglobally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, CentralAmerica and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropicswill see more rainfall, and that there will generally be morehot days over land areas.16.IPCC probably does not ______.A. analyse climate change informationB. record weather changes on its premisesC. predict what is to happen to the earthD.collect weather date from many countries17.According to the passage, a Chinese city thatrecorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, willmost probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12 ：00 sharp in the year of 2100.℃℃C. 5.8 ℃D. a number that I do not know18. According to the author, climate researchers _____.A. are quite sure about why it ’s getting hotter andhotterB. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotterC. have discussed the possible cause why it ’s hotterD. have claimed that changes in nature are the rootsof hot days19.Based on the text, we know that temperature riseswill probably _____.A. knock off sea levelsB. have a serious effect on sea-level risesC. keep the sea level risingD. keep knocking at the sea20. The IPCC announcement three years ago that“most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is” _____.A. possibly due to human activitiesB. possibly because human activitiesC. due to likely human activitiesD. human activities likely attributable21. Which statement was more forceful?A. “℃and 5.8 ℃B.“Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world ”.C.“Most of the warming is likely to be attributable tohuman activities ”.D.There was a “discernible human influence on theclimate ”.22. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.A.fiveB.sixC.sevenD.eight23.“Such a link ” in the passage refers most probablyto _____.A. IPCC and climate changesB. global temperatures and sea levelsC. natural changes and human activitiesD. human activities and temperature rises24. “The risk ” mentioned i n the text probably refers to_____.A. a possibility that there will be more climate changesB. a potential that sea level will possibly keep risingC. temperature rises that are expected to affect allcountriesD. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment25.Obviously, the word “precipitation ” most probably refers to _____.titudeB.rainfallC.temperatureD.projectionKEYS：Part 3共15题，每题分，满分为分1.A2. A3. A4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9.C 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. D14. D 15. BSection 2共50题，每题1分，满分为50分16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B20. A21. C22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B。
MTI翻译硕士英语模拟题2
翻译硕士英语Part one: multiple choice1. The two most important in making a cake are flour and sugar.A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents2. Cultural indicated that human beings hand their language down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction3. We must look beyond and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications4. No one imagined that the apparently businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. respected5. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become .A. deterioratedB. degeneratedC. suppressedD. extinct6. The of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.A. essenceB. textureC. contentD. threshold7. The old lady has developed a cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.A. perpetualB. permanentC. chronicD. sustained8. What the correspondence sent us is an news report. We can depend on it.A. evidentB. authenticC. ultimateD. immediate9. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.A. inspirationalB. educationalC. excessiveD. instantaneous10. Some researches feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A. subjectiveB. subordinateC. liableD. vulnerable11. The harder the shrub is to grow , .A. the more higher price isB. the higher price it isC. the higher the price isD. the higher is the price12. It is that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather13. Her little car isn’t to seat more than two people comfortably.A. big enoughB. enough bigC. so big enoughD. big as enough14. The dress is prettier, but it costs that one.A. twice more thanB. twice as much asC. as much twice asD. twice so much as15. She can speak in front of Mack, but she can’t eat in his restaurant.A. free, freeB. free, freelyC. freely, freeD. freely, freely16. The reason why many people sit before the television is that there will be a show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived17. When the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much .Then they knew they were triplet.A. likeB. alikeC. likelyD. liked18. You should spend in the study of the various senses and uses of the common words.A. much time as you canB. as time much as you canC. time as many as you canD. as much time as you can19. –When is Tom going to leave?--He is going to leave this week.A. sometimesB. some timeC. sometimeD. somewhat20. He works .A. loneB. lonelyC. aloneD. lonesomePart two: reading and comprehensionPassage OneThere are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U.S. worker witha four-year college degree earned＄50,900, 62% more than the＄31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board ＄49,260 in 2007-2008) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as anout-of-state student(＄35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state students(＄17,380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences(such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to anout-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it?21. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?A) Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializingB) It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college educationC) College education is rewarding in spite of the starting costsD) Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected retu rns22. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, _______A) enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universitiesB) the labor market preferred high-school graduates to college graduatesC) competition for university admissions was far more fierce than todayD) the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed23. Student who attend an in-state college or university can_______A) save more on tuitionB) receive a better educationC) take more liberal-arts coursesD) avoid traveling long distances24. In this consumerist age, most parents_______A) regard college education as a wise investmentB) place a premium on the prestige of the collegeC) think it crucial to send their children to collegeD) consider college education a consumer product25. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?A) Their employment prospects after graduationB) A satisfying experience within their budgetsD) Its facilities and learning environmentD) Its ranking among similar institutionsPassage TwoCrippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries withappropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The US takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors---two primary care physicians and five specialists---in given one year. Contrary to a popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you doesn't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receive leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combined this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to each-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students aren't blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.26.The author's chief concern about the current US health care system is_________.A. the inadequate training of physiciansB. The declining number of doctorsC. the shrinking primary care resourcesD. the ever-rising health care costs27.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that________.A. The more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC. visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD. the more doctor taking care of a patient, the better28.Face with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to__________.A. increase their income by working overtimeB. improve their expertise and serviceC. Make various deals with specialistsD. see more patients at the expense of quality29.Why do many medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?A. They find the need for primary care declining.B. The current system works against primary care.C. Primary care physicians command less respect.D. They think working in emergency rooms tedious.30.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?A . Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians.B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C. Recruit more medical students by offering loans.D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.Passage ThreeRising costs of office space, time lost to stressful commuting, and a slow recognition that workers have lives beyond the office - all are strong arguments for letting staff work from home. For the small business, there are additional benefits too - staff are more productive, and happier, enabling firms to keep their headcounts and their recruitment costs to a minimum. It can also provide competitive advantage, especially when small businesses want to attract new staff but don't have the budget to offer huge salaries. While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, skeptical of whether they could trust their employees to workto full capacity without supervision, or concerned about the additional expensestele-working policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business. Yet this is now changing. When communications provider Inter-Tel researched the use of remote working solutions among small and medium sized UK businesses in April this year, it found that 28% more companies claimed to be practicing flexible working practices than a year ago.The UK network of Business Links confirms that it too has seen a growing interestin remote working solutions from small businesses seeking its advice, and claims that as many as 60-70% of the businesses that come through its doors now offer some form of remote working support to their workforces. Technology advances, including the widespread availability of broadband, are making the introduction of remote working a no-brainer. "If systems are set up properly, staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection," says Andy Poulton,e-business advisor at Business Link for Berkshire and Wiltshire. "There are some very exciting developments which have enabled this." One is the ubiquity of broadband, which now covers almost all of the country (BT claims that, by July, 99.8% of its exchanges will be broadband enabled, with alternative plans in place for even the most remote exchanges). "This is the enabler," Poulton says. Yet while broadband has come down in price too, those service providers targeting the business market warn against consumer services masquerading as business-friendly broadband. "Broadband is available for as little as £15 a month, but many businesses fail to appreciate the hidden costs of such a service," says Neil Stephenson, sales and marketing director at Onyx Internet, an internet service provider based in the north-east of England. "Providers offering broadband for rock-bottom prices are notorious for poor service, with regular outages and heavily congested networks. It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a business-only provider that can offer more reliability,with good support." Such services needn't break the bank – quality services can be found for upwards of £30 a month. The benefits of broadband to the occasional home worker are that they can access email in real time, and take full advantage of services such as internet-based backup or even internet-based phone services.Internet-based telecoms, or VoIP (Voice over IP) to give it its technical title, is an interesting tool to any business supporting remote working. Not necessarily because of the promise of free or reduced price phone calls (which experts point out is misleading for the average business), but because of the sophisticated voice services that can be exploited by the remote worker - facilities such as voicemail and call forwarding, which provide a continuity of the company ←image for customers and business partners.By law, companies must "consider seriously" requests to work flexibly made by a parent with a child under the age of six, or a disabled child under 18. It was the need to accommodate employees with young children that motivated accountancy firm Wright Vigar to begin promoting tele-working recently. The company, which needed to upgrade its IT infrastructure to provide connectivity with a new, second office, decided to introduce support for remote working at the same time.Marketing director Jack O'Hern explains that the company has a relatively young workforce, many of whom are parents: "One of the triggers was when one of our tax managers returned from maternity leave. She was intending to work part time, but could only manage one day a week in the office due to childcare. By offering her the ability to work from home, we have doubled her capacity - now she works a day a week from home, and a day in the office. This is great for her, and for us as we retain someone highly qualified.” For Wright Vigar, which has now equipped all of its fee-earners to be able to work at maximum productivity when away from the offices (whether that's from home, or while on the road), this strategy is not just about saving on commute time or cutting them loose from the office, but enabling them to work more flexible hours that fit around their home life.O'Hern says: "Although most of our work is client-based and must fit around this,we can't see any reason why a parent can't be on hand to deal with something important at home, if they have the ability to complete a project later in the day." That staff can do this without needing a fixed telephone line provides even more efficiency savings. "With Wi-Fi [fast, wireless internet connections] popping up all over the place, even on trains, our fee-earners can be productive as they travel, and between meetings, instead of having to kill time at the shops," he adds. The company will also be able to avoid the expense of having to relocate staff to temporary offices for several weeks when it begins disruptive office renovations soon. It has enabled the company to dispense with its business premises altogether, following the realization that it just didn't need them any more. "The main motivation behind adopting home working was to increase my own productivity, as a single mum to an 11-year-old," says Hargreaves. "But I soon realized that, as most of our business is done on the phone, email and at off-site meetings, we didn't need our offices at all. We're now saving £16,000 a year on rent, plus the cost of utilities, not to mention what would have been spent on commuting."31.What is the main topic of this passage?A. How business managers view hi-techB. Relations between employers and employees.C. How to cut down the costs of small businesses.D. Benefits of the practice of tele-working.32. From the research conducted by the communication provider Inter-Tel, we learn that______A. attitudes toward IT technology have changed.B. More employees work to full capacity at home.C. More businesses have adopted remote working solution.D. Employees show a growing interest in small businesses.33. What development has made flexible working practices possible according to Andy Poulton?A. Reduced cost of telecommunications.B. Improved reliability of internet service.C. Availability of the VolP service.D. Access to broadband everywhere.34. What is Neil Stephenson’s advice to firms contracting internet services?A. They look for reliable business-only providers.B. They contact providers located nearest to them.C. They carefully examine the contract.D. They contract the cheapest provider.35. Internet-based telecoms facilitates remote working by ______.A. offering sophisticated voice servicesB. providing calls completely free of chargeC. helping clients discuss business at homeD. giving access to emailing in real time36. The accountancy firm Wright Vigar promoted tele-working initially in order to ______.A. present a positive image to prospective customersB. support its employees with children to take care ofC. attract young people with IT expertise to work for itD. reduce operational expenses of a second office37. According to marketing director Jack O’hern, tele-working enabled the company to ______.A. minimize its office spaceB. keep highly qualified staffC. enhance its market imageD. reduce recruitment costs38. Wright Vigar’s practice of allowing for more flexible working hours not only benefits the company but helps improve emp loyees’ ________.39. With fast, wireless internet connections, employees can still be __________ when travelling.40. Single mother Lynne Hargreaves decided to work at home mainly to increase . Part three, write an essay.Tourism has already become a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development. You are going to write an article entitled: Travel Helps Promote Communication Between Countries.(at least 400 words)。
翻译资格考试 CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(二)(附参考译文)
CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（二）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1Successful Olympic Games start with a vision focused on how the Games could advance local and regional development goals. Developing the right vision requires creative thinking consensus building and big ideas. Reliable information can help transform those ideas into action that delivers desired outcomes. This document is intended to contribute to that process.The information presented here has been compiled from previous Olympic Winter Games to help cities make informed decisions about the costs and benefits of hosting future Games. It offers data on key cost and revenue drivers at the two most recent Olympic Games (Vancouver2010, Sochi 2014) and the forthcoming Games in PyeongChang 2018, as well as information on the number of venues and other factors that offer insights on Games requirements.The data can be used to complement feasibility studies and to support the development of realistic Games operations budgets. However, it is important to bear in mind the local context in considering past experiences in other cities. There is no one-size-fits-all template for the Olympic Games. Cities should view the Games through their own unique context and develop plans that address local and regional needs. The international Olympic Committee (IOC) offers assistance at every stage to assist the organization of Games that benefit local communities.This document provides a snapshot of three very different cities that delivered Games that reflected their starting points and their goals.Vancouver started its Olympic Games planning with several existing venues and a well-established ski resort in nearby Whistler. Sochi pursued a vision to transform a summer resort city into a year-round tourist destination with new world-class winter sports facilities. PyeongChang, now in the final stages of preparation, is also creatinga new winter sport destination in its own unique context.Other important factors that all cities should consider in the local context include labour and construction costs; the availability of winter sports expertise; and the vibrancy of the domestic commercial sports market.Changes in society and within the Olympic Movement will also have an impact on cost and revenue for future Games.By most any measure, the Olympic Winter Games are more popular than ever, reaching record global audiences via traditional television, digital platforms and social media. Exciting new events are helping to attract new audiences and new commercial partners.The expansion of the sports programme-from 86 events in Vancouver, to 96 events in Sochi and the possibility of more events in the future-not only increases the appeal of the Games, it also increases the number of competition venues.At the same time, sports organizations, including Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOG), have responded to societal expectation for more accountability, more transparency, more social responsibility and more sustainability.【参考译文】英译汉:第一篇奥运会的成功,始于通过奥运会推进地方和区域发展目标的愿景。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(20)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（20）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题It was a hot afternoon in July when my shuttle bus stuttered to a halt on the dusty banks of the Yukon River. I squinted, bleary-eyed, at the Frontier-style houses of Canada´s Dawson City opposite.Thanks to our slow progress along the scantily paved Top of the World Highway, my 10-hour, 620km journey from Fairbanks, Alaska had been long and uncomfortable. But as I was on a quest to discover the landscapes immortalised in the books of US writer, Jack London, a man who braved Canada´s sub-zero temperatures and wilderness before roads like the highway even existed, it seemed inappropriate to complain.In October 1897, London had arrived in Dawson City on a hastily constructed boat in far more arduous circumstances than I, including a dangerous, 800kin voyage downriver from the Yukon´s headwaters in British Columbia. An aspiring but still-unknown 21-year-old writer from the San Francisco Bay area, London was one of tens of thousands of "stampeders" lured north by the Klondike Gold Rush. He went on to spend a frigid winter working a claim on Henderson Creek, 120km south of Dawson, where he found very little gold, but did contract a bad case of scurvy. He also discovered a different kind of fortune: he later would turn his experiences as an adventurous devil-may-care prospector into a body of Klondike-inspired fiction—and into $1 million in book profits, making him the first US author to earn such an amount.The Klondike Gold Rush ignited in 1896, when three US prospectors found significant gold deposits in a small tributary in Canada´s Yukon Territory. When the news filtered to Seattle and San Francisco the following summer, the effect on a US still reeling from severe economic recession was unprecedented. Thousands risked their lives to make the sometimes year-long journey to the subarctic gold fields. Of an estimated 100,000 people who set out for the Klondike over the following four years, less than half made it without turning around or dying en route; only around 4% struck gold.Dawson City, which sprang up on the banks of the Yukon in 1896 close to the original find, quickly became the gold rush´s hub. Today, its dirt streets and crusty clapboard buildings—all protected by Canada´s national park service—retain their distinct Klondike-era character. But as our bus crept along Front Street past bevies of tourists strolling along permafrost-warped boardwalks, I reflected how different London´s experience must have been. Contemporary Dawson City is a civilised grid of tourist-friendly restaurants and film set-worthy streets, with a permanent population of around 1,300. By contrast, in 1898 it was a bawdy boomtown of 30,000 hardy itinerants who tumbled out of rambunctious bars and crowded the river in makeshift rafts.The roughshod living would not have intimidated London. Born into a working class family in San Francisco in 1876, his callow years were short on home comforts. As a teenager, he rode the rails, became an oyster pirate and was jailed briefly for vagrancy. He also acquired an unquenchable appetite for books. Passionate, determined and impatient, London was naturally drawn to the Klondike Gold Rush. In the summer of 1897, weeks after hearing news of the gold strike, he was on a ship to Dyea in Alaska with three partners, using money raised by mortgaging his sister´s house. My bus dropped me outside the Triple J Hotel, which like all buildings inDawson looks like a throwback to the 1890s—televisions and wi-fi aside. Too tired to watch the midnight sun, I fell asleep early to prepare for the next day´s visit to the Jack London Interpretive Center. Dawson City´s premiere Jack London attraction, it is a small museum whose prime exhibit—a small wooden cabin, roof covered in grass and moss—sits outside in a small garden surrounded by a white fence. On first impressions, it looks painfully austere. But the story of how the cabin got here is a tale worthy of London´s own fiction.In the late 1960s, Dick North, the centre´s former curator, heard of an old log emblazoned with the handwritten words "Jack London, Miner, Author, Jan 27 1898". According to two backcountry settlers, it had been cut out of a cabin wall by a dog-musher named Jack MacKenzie in the early 1940s.Excited by the find, North got hand-writing experts to authenticate that the scrawl on the so-called signature slab was London´s before setting out to find the long forgotten cabin from which MacKenzie had plucked it. North wandered with a dog mushing team for nearly 200km until he located the humble abode where London had spent the inclement winter of 1897-8 searching for gold. So remote was the location that when a team of observers arrived to aid North in April 1969, they became stuck in slushy snow and had to be rescued.Once removed, the cabin was split in two. Half of the wood (along with the reinserted signature slab) was used to build a cabin in Jack London Square in Oakland, California, near where the author grew up. The other half was reassembled next to the Interpretive Centre in Dawson City.London left the Klondike Gold Rush in July 1898 virtually penniless, having earned less than $10 from panned gold. But he had unwittingly stumbled upon another gold mine: stories. During the rush, his cabin had been located at an unofficial meeting point of various mining routes; other stampeders regularly dropped by to share their tales and adventures. Mixed with London´s own experiences and imagination, these anecdotes laid the foundations for his subsequent writing career, spearheaded by the best-selling 1903 novel The Call of the Wild.The Klondike Gold Rush finished by 1900. Despite its brevity—and its disappointment for thousands who staked everything on its get-rich-quick promises—it is a key part of US folklore and fiction thanks, in large part, to the tales of Jack London. Later, on a bus heading south to Whitehorse, I looked out at the brawny wilderness of scraggy spruce trees and bear-infested forest where the young, resolute London had once toiled in temperatures as low as-50～C. I felt new admiration for the writer—and for his swaggering desire to turn adversity into art.__________下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes.You don´t have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of thecrowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it´s curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark.Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals.So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group´s judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki´s 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin´s cousin Francis Galton in 1907.Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts.This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible.He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people´s decisions are independent of one another.If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other´s guesses, there´s more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias.This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich.They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland.The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other´s guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value.In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making.What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position.Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues.They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There´s another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not.It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse.That´s a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group ofbest-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds.In fact, here´s a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing.A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans´decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals.This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group.Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members.That would be good, but it´s better still to add individuals who aren´t simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members.In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group.What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government.They´d be wise not to refuse.__________上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.Part A Compulsory Translation第3题从减负的角度看，把英语考试选为高考改革的突破口似有道理。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(3)
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（3）(1/30)Vocabulary第1题It used to be______impossible to find vegetarian restaurants outside the major cities, but now they can be found in many towns and cities.A.fantasticallyB.readilyC.virtuallyD.primarily下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price of everything has rather ______the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.A.bogged me downB.turned me outC.set me backD.put me off上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题______of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10 a. m. and noon, when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in their most active phases.A.IrrespectiveB.IrrelevantC.DisregardingD.Despite上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题The lawsuit was lost because of______in the statements of the witness.A.discrepanciesB.conjugationsC.coincidencesD.remonstrations上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题Many who______their visits to the dentist regret it later.A.referB.inferC.deferD.confer上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another.A.pittedB.clippedC.allegedD.embarked上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题We did hold a meeting yesterday, but you______, so we did not inform you.A.did not need attendingB.needn´ t have attendedC.did not need to attendD.needn´ t attend上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题In her time, Isadora Duncan was______today a liberated woman.A.calling what we wouldB.who would be callingC.what we would callD.she would call it上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement______five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A.overB.uponC.inD.with上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys______to go to school.A.to be encouragedB.being encouragedC.to have been encouragedD.be encouraged上一题下一题(11/30)VocabularyIf you don´ t eat enough fruit and vegetables, you may suffer from a vitamin______.A.shortageB.insufficiencyC.deficiencyD.defect上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题Theartist´ s use of swirls of______colors conveys a sense of excitement.A.vigorousB.drasticC.vibrantD.strident上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题False conflict, also known as illusory conflict, occurs when people believe that their interests are incompatible with the other party´ s interests______, in fact, they are not.A.whetherB.butC.whenD.for上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题The story is about a kindly, generous, cheerful ______who loves and is loved by everyone.A.misanthropeB.wandererC.entertainerD.hater上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题A full-sized tripod is far too______to carry around. I find this pocket-sized one is much handier.A.overweightB.ineptC.unwieldyD.outsize上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题It is unlikely he can significantly contribute to the highly competitive strategies that food ______demands.B.retainC.retailingD.retaining上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题______when she started complaining.A.Not until he arrivedB.No sooner had he arrivedC.Hardly had he arrivedD.Scarcely did he arrive上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题One of the most______challenges that the United States-and indeed, the world-will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment.A.consequentialB.subsequentC.emergentD.pressing上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题From cave paintings and from______on bone and reindeer horn, it is known that prehistoric humans were close observers of nature who carefully tracked the seasons and times of the year.A.apparently regular scratchesB.scratching apparently regularlyC.regular scratches apparentlyD.scratches regular apparently上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题Hotel rooms must be______by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly______.B.to be noticedC.being noticedD.to notice上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题______mechanical device has ever been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth.A.NoB.Not theC.Never has aD.There is no上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题The statesman was evidently______by the journalist´s questions and glared at him for a few seconds.A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题Thomas Hardy´ s novels are said to suffer from the "long arm of coincidence" because too many events seem to have a casual rather than a______connection.A.incidentalB.substantialC.causalD.plausible上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题Lowbrows are quite______for highbrows to have symphonies and their Russian novels.A.skepticalB.containedC.stunningD.yearning上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题She waited at the gate, her hands______before her.A.foldingB.were foldingC.were foldedD.folded上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题They designed______than a matchbox.A.no bigger a modelB.a no bigger modelC.a bigger model noD.a model no bigger上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would______her long effort.A.justifyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become______at mathematics.A.proficientB.outstandingC.prominentD.experienced上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner______to the professor.A.as far asB.the same asC.as much asD.as long as上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Reading ComprehensionThe Roman language served as the first model for answering the question. Even to someone with no knowledge of Latin, the similarities among Roman languages would have made it natural to suggest that they were derived from a common ancestor. On the assumption that the shared characteristic of these languages came from the common ancestor, it would have been possible to reconstruct many of the characteristics of the original common language. In much the same way it became clear that the branches of the Indo-European family could be studied and a hypothetical family tree constructed , reading back to a common ancestor. This is the treeapproach. The basic process represented by the tree model is one of divergence: when languages become isolated from one another, they differ increasingly, and dialects gradually become different until they become separate languages.Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency in language evolution. Johannes Schmidt introduced a "wave" model, in which linguistic changes were like waves, eventually leading to convergence; that is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.Today, however, most linguists think primarily in terms of familytrees. It is necessary to construct some models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view. There are four main classes of models.The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. Second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Schmidt in the 1870´ s, is an example, but convergence methods have not generally found favor among linguists.Now, the slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models, in many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside. Were it not for this large complicating factor, the world´ s linguistic history could be faithfully described by the initial distribution of Homo Sapiens, followed by the gradual workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role to play in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.第31题The characteristics of the original common language can be described on the basis of______.A.the similarities among Romance languagesB.the hypothetical family treeC.the process known as divergenceD.the common features of Roman languages第32题According to Johannes Schmidt, ______.nguages change on a large scale like wavesB.divergence is not the only possible tendency in language changenguage evolution can be explained in terms of divergence and convergenceD.different languages will become increasingly similar until they develop into one language第33题It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that______.A.there doesn´ t exist any satisfactory model of language changeB.most linguists explain language change only in terms of divergenceC.most linguists generally don´ t accept the idea of language convergenceD.the first process in language evolution is colonization, followed by divergence第34题Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Linguistic replacement can be ignored for the linguistic history to be fully described.B.Linguistic replacement cannot be ignored in explaining where the Indo-European languages come fromC.Because of linguistic replacement, the other three models prove to be incorrectpared with the other models, linguistic replacement is the most important model第35题This passage is primarily written to ______.A.discuss the importance of linguistic replacementB.introduce the origin of the Indo-European languageC.explain the divergence of the Indo-European languagesD.introduce models concerning the origin of the Indo-European languages上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Reading ComprehensionOf all the catastrophes that could befall America in coming years, a big terrorist attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions in property damage, business losses and other claims from such an attack?This is the question with which America´ s Congress is currently wrestling. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA. was passed as a temporary measure after September 11th to provide a government back-stop for the insurance industry in the event of a catastrophic attack. It now says government can step in when insured losses from a terrorist event top $ 5 m. TRIA has helped to stabilize the market, and enabled insurers to continue offering terrorism-risk cover even after swallowing the big losses imposed by September 11th. But unless Congress acts fast, TRIA will expire at the end of the year. One likely result is the loss of terrorism-risk cover for thousands of firms and proper-ty owners. This, in turn, could disrupt businesses and make some commercial activity impossible. With modifications, TRIA should be extended.The Bush administration has been opposed to extension. It has always seen TRIA as a shortterm measure, and has argued that the private sector should assume sole responsibility for terrorism insurance. This is the right goal. A purely private solution would be best, lifting any future burden-from the taxpayer and relying on the industry to price and spread risks more accurately than any government can do. But relying entirely on the private sector immediately does not look feasible. With TRIA´ s expiration looming, insurers and reinsurers have not, as the administration expected, rushed to write new contracts for next year offering to fall gaps in terrorism cover.Why the hesitation? Unlike other risks, the threat of terrorism cannot be forecast in time or scope, making a mockery of insurers´ underwriting models. A big chemical, biological or nuclear attack is a prospect few can price, or afford to cover. Insurers are already being threatened with downgrades by rating agencies for the terrorism cover they have sold.One reason is that insurance, far from being a free market, is already one of the most heavily regulated of industries. Operating in a highly distorted marketplace, with 50 state regulators, the insurance industry seems to be having trouble pricing the largest of terrorism risks in a way that is credible and can still offer insurers a profit. Letting TRIA expire, and abruptly withdrawing the government role in insuring the largest losses, would just exacerbate this problem.Any renewal of TRIA should, once again, be limited to two years, say. Its extension must alsoshift more of the burden, and the business, to the private sector. If an extension is agreed and TRIA´ s threshold for government intervention is raised substantially, work should begin now to find better longer-term solutions. One place to look is abroad, where governments have dealt with terrorism risk for years. In Britain, for instance, insurers have created a pool of capital that is backed by the government and, over time, shifts a greater share of risk on to the private sector. Other options to consider include tax changes that reduce the cost of holding capital by insurers and reinsurers, and facilitating the use of catastrophe bonds.With fewer regulatory distortions of insurance markets, a solely private solution may be attainable in the long run. In the current environment, though, the same government that regularly warns of terrorist threats must still have a role to play in a solution that safeguards America´s financial security. It would be better to plan ahead than wait for a rushed, Katrina-style bail-out after a big attack. Amid all the uncertainties, one thing seems clear: any such bail-out would be more costly and lead to even greater market distortions without an extension of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act today.第36题TRIA______.A.provides insurance to properties in high-risk areasB.should be extended as it is nowC.requires government support to risk insuranceD.has caused a substantial loss of revenue to the state第37题The private sector is hesitant in taking sole responsibility for terrorism insurance because______.A.their current pricing models cannot estimate terrorism attacks properlyB.they do not often insure things they cannot forecastC.they are threatened by loss of other insurance takersD.they do not have regulator-approved contracts that cover terrorism attacks第38题The extension of TRIA should aim at______.A.making government intervention more unacceptableB.introducing foreign companies into terrorism insuranceC.setting up catastrophe bonds managed by insurers and reinsurersD.pushing the private sector to take sole responsibility第39题If the government let TRIA expire, ______.A.it should stop warning the public of terrorist attacks regularlyB.it will have to pay more money when large scale catastrophe occursC.regulatory distortions of insurance markets will be reducedD.private insurance companies will stop insuring terrorism attacks第40题The writer is______in developing the argument in this passage.A.objectiveB.emotionalC.disturbedD.indifferent上一题下一题(41~45/共20题)Reading ComprehensionIt so happened that Lucy, who found daily life rather chaotic, entered a more solid world when she opened the piano. She was then no longer either deferential or patronizing; no longer either a rebel or a slave. The kingdom of music is not the kingdom of this world; it will accept those whom breeding and intellect and culture have alike rejected. The commonplace person begins to play, and shoots into the empyrean without effort, whilst we look up, marveling how he has escaped us, and thinking how we could worship him and love him would he but translate his visions into human actions. Perhaps he cannot; certainly he does not, or does so very seldom. Lucy had done so never.She was no dazzling execultante; nor was she the passionate young lady, who performs so tragically on a summer´ s evening with the window open. Passion was there, but it could not be easily labeled. And she was tragical only in the sense that she was great, for she loved to play on the side of Victory. Victory of what and over what-that is more than the words of daily life can tell us. But that some sonatas of Beethoven are written tragic no one can gainsay; yet they can triumph or despair as the player decides, and Lucy had decided that they should triumph.A very wet afternoon at the Pension Bertolini permitted her to do the thing she really liked, and after lunch she opened the little draped piano. A few people lingered round and praised her playing, but finding that she made no reply, dispersed to their rooms to write up their diaries or to sleep. She took no notice of Mr. Emerson looking for his son, nor of Miss Bartlett looking for Miss Lavish, nor Miss Lavish looking for her book. Like every true performer, she was intoxicated by the mere feel of the notes.Mr. Beebe, sitting unnoticed in the window, pondered over this illogical element in Lucy Hon-eychurch, and recalled the occasion at Tunbridge Wells when he had discovered it. It was at one of those entertainments where the upper classes entertain the lower. The seats were filled with a respectful audience, and the ladies and gentlemen of this parish, under the auspices of their vicar,sang, or recited, or imitated the drawings of a champagne cork. Among the promised items was ´ Miss Honeychurch. Piano. Beethoven´, and Mr. Deebe was wondering whether it would be´Adelaida´, or the march of ´The Ruins of Athens´, when his composure was disturbed by the opening bars of Opus Ⅲ. He was in suspense all through the introduction for not until the pace quickens does one know what the performer intends. With the roar of the opening theme he knew that things were going extraordinarily; in the chords that herald the conclusion he heard the hammer strokes of victory. He was glad that she only played the first movement, for he could have paid no attention to the winding intricacies of the measure of nine-sixteen. The audience clapped, no less respectful. It was Mr Bebee who started the stamping; it was all that one could do.´Who is she ?´ He asked the vicar afterwards.Cousin of one of my parishioner. I do not consider her choice of a piece happy Beethoven is so usually simple and direct in his appeal that it is sheer perversity to choose a thing like that, which, if anything disturbs.When he was introduced, Mr. Beebe realized that Miss Honeychurch, disjoined from her music-stool, was only a young lady with a very pretty, pale, underdeveloped face. She loved going to concerts, she loved stopping with her cousin, she loved iced coffee and meringues. But before he left Tunbridge Wells he made a remark to the vicar, which he now made to Lucy herself whenshe closed the little piano and moved dreamily towards him.If Miss Honeychurch ever takes to live as she plays, it will be very exciting-both for us and for her.第41题In the first paragraph we are told that______.A.one needs to reject worldly pleasure to truly develop musical talent.B.music is sometimes regarded as a substitute for creation.C.there is often a mismatch between great musical talent and ordinary life.D.it is amazing how great an effect music tends to have on our lives.第42题Lucy´ s piano playing______.A.displayed a mixture of strong feelings.B.tended to be rather melodramatic.C.failed to capture the tragic nature of some musicD.was marred by some inaccuracies.第43题When she played at the Pension Bertolini, Lucy______.A.wished she could play better.B.asked to be left alone.C.resented being interrupted.D.was engrossed in the music第44题What did Mr. Beebe realize at the entertainment he remembers at Tunbridge Wells?A.That the vicar had vetted the contributionsB.That Lucy had a special musical talentC.That Lucy´ s was the only performance of any valueD.That the audiences were duty-bound to show appreciation第45题What surprised Mr. Beebe when he heard Lucy at Tunbridge Wells?A.Lug´ s choice of composerB.The way the opening theme developedC.Lucy´ s choice of pieceD.The fact that Lucy didn´ t play more of the work上一题下一题(46~50/共20题)Reading ComprehensionIf you choose lobster from a menu, then wherever you are in the world, the odds are that your dinner may have come from Arichat in Nova Scotia. The lobster, trapped off the Canadian coast, would have been driven to Louisville, Kentucky, where, cocooned in gel packs and styrofoam, it went for a wild ride on the carousels of the UPS superhub, where 17,000 high-speed conveyor belts, carrying more than 8m packages a week, whisk your living lobster to a plane and on onto tables across the globe.John McPhee´ s new book is about supply lines; how a lobster shares a conveyor belt with Bentley spare parts and jockey underwear. It is about boats, trains and trucks, but mostly it is about the people who drive, tend and love the machines. Don Ainsworth owns an 18-wheelerwith "a tractor of such dark sapphire that only bright sunlight could bring forth its colour. " To wash his truck Mr. Ainsworth uses only water that has either been de-ionised or has undergone reverse-osmosis; anything else leaves spots. "This is as close as a man will ever know" , he says, "what it feels like to be a truly gorgeous woman. People give us looks, going thumbs up.He carries chemicals all across North America where his enemies are gators, bears and four-wheelers. ´ Gators are huge strips of shredded tyre littering the highways and just one of them " can rip off your fuel-crossover line". A bear is a policeman, while a four-wheeler is any vehicle that has fewer than 18 wheels. They buzz around like gnats, seemingly unaware that a real vehicle, one with 18 wheels or more, cannot stop on a dime.The Billy Joe Bolingis a towboat which, perversely, pushes 15 barges up the Illinois River. The barges carry 30,000 tons of pig-iron, steel, coils, fertiliser and furnace coke. Lashed together with steel cables which are then tightened with cheater bars, the Billy Joe Bolingshoves forward a metal raft that is longer than an aircraft carrier. Along the way, the captain copes with bridges, locks, currents, shoals, winter ice 18 inches thick and summer ladies flashing at him. " We brought 12,000 tons of coke up the Illinois River," the skipper tells the author, "and now we´ re pushing 14 ,000 tons of coke down the Illinois River. One day they´ 11 figure it out and put us out of a job.The bosses also want to put the drivers of the coal train out of a job. They dream of automated trains running endlessly along the 1,800 miles between the strip-mines of the Powder River Basin and Georgia´s Plant Scherer, the world ´s largest coal-fired power station. A mile-and-half long train has 133 gondolas, each of which carries 115 tons of coal, and the whole trainload will keep Plant Scherer burning for just eight hours. This book will keep you much longer. It is Mr. McPhee at his wise, wry best, writing in top gear which, as Mr Ainsworth will tell you, is the 18th; "the going home gear, the smoke hole".第46题What is the relationship between lobsters and the subject matter of this essay?_____第47题Why do people give Don Ainsworth thumbs up?____第48题What does the author mean by "a real vehicle, one with 18 wheels or more, cannot stop on a dime"?____第49题Why do the bosses want to put the drivers of the coal trains out of a job?____第50题What does Mr. Ainsworth mean by "the 18th gear"?____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第51题People can recognize differences between children and adults. Can you simply say that college students are adults? What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult?You composition should be no less than 400 words. And please write your composition on the Answer Sheet.____上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1/30)Vocabulary第1题It used to be______impossible to find vegetarian restaurants outside the major cities, but now they can be found in many towns and cities.A.fantasticallyB.readilyC.virtuallyD.primarily参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：virtually近乎，几乎；事实上。
翻译硕士模拟考试题及答案
翻译硕士模拟考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是“翻译硕士”的英文表达？A. Master of TranslationB. Master of Translation StudiesC. Master in TranslationD. Master of Translational Studies答案：B2. “信、达、雅”是哪位翻译家提出的翻译标准？A. 严复B. 林语堂C. 王力D. 钱钟书答案：A3. 翻译理论中的“等效性”是由哪位学者提出的？A. Eugene NidaB. Peter NewmarkC. J.C. CatfordD. Nida答案：A4. 下列哪个是翻译过程中的常见问题？A. 语法错误B. 词汇选择不当C. 语义不明确D. 所有选项都是答案：D5. 翻译硕士课程通常包括哪些内容？A. 翻译技巧B. 语言对比C. 文化研究D. 所有选项都是答案：D...（此处省略中间题目，以保持篇幅适中）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述翻译过程中的“直译”和“意译”的区别。
答案：直译是指在翻译时尽量保持原文的字面意思和结构，而意译则更注重传达原文的内在含义和精神，可能在语言形式上做出较大调整。
2. 描述翻译硕士课程中常见的评估方式。
答案：常见的评估方式包括课程论文、翻译实践、口译练习、模拟翻译项目、期末考试等。
3. 阐述翻译中如何处理文化差异。
答案：处理文化差异需要译者具备跨文化交际能力，能够识别和理解源语言和目标语言文化中的特定元素，并通过适当的翻译策略，如文化适应、文化补偿等，使译文既能传达原文的文化内涵，又能为目标语言读者所接受。
三、翻译实践题（每题25分，共50分）1. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
”答案：With the continuous deepening of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文："The advancement of technology has revolutionized the way we live and work."答案：技术的进步彻底改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(2)
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/30)Vocabulary第1题Those people who are ______ are most welcome to the politicians.A.credulousB.credibleC.incredibleD.unbelievable下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题The old lady has developed a ______ cough which cannot be cured completely in as hort time.A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题Much as ______, I couldn´t lend him the money because I simply didn´t have that much spare cash.A.I would have liked toB.I would like to haveC.should have to likeD.I should have liked to上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ______.A.considerationsB.obligationsC.observationsD.regulations上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题I won´t see you off at the airport tomorrow, so I will wish you ______.A.have a good journey nowB.a good journey nowC.would have a good journey nowD.to have a good journey now上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli ______?A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题The hidden room is ______ only through a secret back entrance.A.obtainableB.achievableC.attainableD.accessible上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题Those who support violence on television claim that it helps the viewer to ______ steam and to get rid of his feelings in a harmless way.A.let offsh outC.leave offD.leak out上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题We are on the ______ of a new era in European relations.A.thresholdB.adventmencementD.departure上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with.Once you ______ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.A.keep up withB.give away withC.go back onD.lose sight of上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so ______ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题The ______ company has an excellent reputation-which is understandable, since it´s been in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers.A.upstartB.senileC.flourishingD.fledgling上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题One model is a high-fashion show wore a hat so ______ that it had to be supported with four poles carried by four attendants.A.levyB.volumeC.valorousD.voluminous上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题There has been a great deal of ______ surrounding the closure of the hospital.A.discrepancybatC.disparityD.controversy上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题The stout fellow over there is ______ the great magician, Charlie Williams, himself.A.no other butB.no one thanC.no other thanD.none other than上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A.needn´t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn´t have dressed up上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题During the opera´s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra´s conductor seemed ______, without necessary relation to what had gone before.A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.cautious上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题Children and old people do not like having their daily ______ upset.A.habitB.practiceC.routineD.custom上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about ______.A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题Courageous people think quickly and act without ______.A.hesitationplaintC.considerationD.anxiety上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题In the preface ______ my book, I express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers and friends who have been of help to me during my three years´ life in the university.A.onB.forC.toD.in上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human ______ and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.A.interactionB.supervisionC.availabilityD.disposition上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题At eight o´clock she laid ______ whatever she was doing to tell the children a story before they went to bed.A.awayB.offC.asideD.out of上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题Financial institutions will spend huge sums, rolling our nationwide networks in Britain, France, Spain and perhaps in Germany. But the seeds for the most ______ growth will be sown in America, where most banks have been slow to experiment with digital dollars until now.A.spectacularB.splendidC.specifiedD.specialized上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题Of all things banish the ______ out of your conversation, and never think of entertaining peoplewith your own personal concerns of private affairs.A.egotismB.selfishnessC.conscienceD.consciousness上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题The actor with whom I played the scene ______ for me beautifully, whispering the opening words of each of my lines, as did others in subsequent scenes.A.covered upB.broke upC.made upD.stirred up上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题I´m afraid the result of the coming election is a ______ conclusion.A.foregoneB.foreseenC.predictableD.prospective上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题As he took his foot off the clutch the ear ______ forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.A.lurchedB.swirledC.staggeredD.wobbled上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题He thumbed through the rose ______ to see if there was anything he fancied for his south-facing wall.A.brochureB.catalogueC.pamphletD.booklet上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Reading ComprehensionMen cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. But men breathemore deeply and this exposes them to another risk. When the air is polluted, they draw more of it into their lungs.A more recent and chilling finding is the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children´s intelligence. These exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found thatthe children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lower scores on intelligence tests and that boys´ score lower than girls. It is possible that these low scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male.Men´s bones are larger than women´s and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which enables them to stride out with no waste motion. A woman´s wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he climbs a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don´t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman´s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A man´s skin is thicker than a woman´s and not nearly as soft. The thickness prevents the sun´s radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do.Women also stay cooler in summer. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat. Men´s fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty-one percent of a man´s body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man´s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of woman´s weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound that fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man goes on a diet. the pounds roll off much faster.For all men´s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women´s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women in treadmills discovered that over years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.第31题The main topic of this passage is about ______.A.the biological differences between men and womenB.the differences in social roles between men and womenC.the differences in living habits between men add womenD.the challenges men and women face from the point of view of biology第32题Men need more oxygen, ______.A.and that makes them have more muscle powerB.because they do not manufacture blood as efficiently as womenC.and there is a risk to draw more polluted air into their lungsD.so their skin is thicker第33题Men are superior to women in the situation of ______.A.resisting coldB.standing hungerC.remaining energetic in old ageD.climbing high第34题From the passage, we can infer that ______.A.boys are less intelligent than girls because they breathe in more leadB.it takes women a shorter time to get hungryC.men have more muscles than fatD.men sweat more than women in summer第35题It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A.women can stay active longer than menB.men like to take risks for biological causesC.women are more careful than menD.men have more strength than women上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Reading ComprehensionIt is not compatible with the egalitarian ideal that there should be sharp differences in the scale of monetary reward for services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in very many other countries. Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done without there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denialof incentive toacquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. The country´s citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, but by taking too readily for granted the State´s obligation towards themselves they are apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to the State.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counterpart in the reluctance to remunerate the nations´ best scholars and scientists on a scale sufficient to keep a fair proportion of them at home.The fact is often deplored that so many young men of the highest ability prefer to take up a career overseas, but it is doubtful whether higher salaries would stem their exodus in more than a minor degree. Under any circumstances, regardless of monetary reward, the intellectual litewould be tempted to go abroad in search of a wider field of endeavor than can be found in so small acountry as New Zealand.In a society where great wealth is regarded as antisocial, it is natural that ostentation should be looked at askance. Marks of distinction are liable to be a handicap. For instance, the politician who accepts a title does not usually improve his chances of gaining or retaining office by doing so. Richard Seddon, it will be remembered, consistently and doubtless wisely, refused to accept a knighthood. Wealth carries with it a minimum of prestige; it is a positive disadvantage to theaspirant to a political career. Strongly marked individuality or eccentricity are seldom in evidence among New Zealanders, and even where they do exist, the qualities are tolerated rather than appreciated. The rule of conformity prevails, and if the American writer, Sydney Greenbie, is to be believed, it has already produced a considerable measure of standardization among the inhabitants of the Dominion. "In face and feature, in mind and taste. " writes Greenbie, "the modern New Zealanders are so much alike that it is hard to remember the names of persons you meet casually for lack of distinguishing characteristics to which the eye can cling."Under conditions such as those described above, it is not surprising that no privileged class should have come into existence through long possession of landed estate or other permanent source of income. Nevertheless, the claim that New Zealanders have developed a classless society can scarcely be substantiated. Snobbery, when discouraged in one quarter, is prone to appear in some new form elsewhere. Recent investigations by A. A. Congalton and R. J. Havighurst show that there is a fairly well defined and universal appreciation of the graduated social status attaching to various social occupations. Results of a survey in which a cross section of the public was asked to answer a series of apposite questions showed, for example, that doctors, lawyers, and big businessmen were graded above heads of Government Departments, clergymen, and university professors; that office workers rated higher than shop assistants, miners than wharf laborers, and so on. Incidentally, the investigation also brought to light the fact that may attempt to inquire into the existence of social distinctions within the community invariably roused resentment.A privileged class being also a leisured class, its rejection is in keeping with a deep-seated belief that work has a virtue in its own right, without regard to its usefulness. In pioneer days, when hands were few and subsistence hard to win, it was indeed a crime to remain idle, and the habit of seeing idleness as a vice has endured. At the beginning of the great slump, when Forbes the Prime Minister, shocked at what he had seen of the "dole" during a visit to England, declared that so long as he retained office there would be no payment without work, his words appealed to a moral precept deeply inculcated not only in the minds of reactionaries but of many radicals as well.第36题One result of New Zealand´s effort to abolish poverty is ______.A.sharp differences between the rich and the poorB.the egalitarian ideal becomes incompatibleC.care of the underdog becomes more importantD.skill learning and self-improvement are not desired第37题Some high ability people prefer a career overseas because of ______.A.fierce competition at homeB.higher social status overseasC.more opportunities abroadD.monetary reward at home第38题Which of the following best describes the New Zealand society?.A.ostentationB.eccentricityC.individualityD.conformity第39题New Zealand is not a classless society in that ______.A.snobbery is discouraged everywhere in New ZealandB.people with more wealth seem to enjoy a high social statusC.the difference between the rich and the poor is greatD.New Zealanders don´t have a permanent source of income第40题If people believe that work has a virtue in its own right, they will do all the following EXCEPT ______.A.see idleness as a viceB.try their best not to be idleC.not accept a privileged classD.inquire into social distinctions上一题下一题(41~46/共20题)Reading ComprehensionThe premise with which the multiculturalists begin is unexceptional: that it is important to recognize and to celebrate the wide range of cultures that exist in the United States. In what sounds like a reflection of traditional American pluralism, the multiculturalists argue that we must recognize difference, that difference is legitimate; in its kindlier Versions, multiculturalism represents the discovery on the part of minority groups that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it. And on the campus multiculturalism, defined more locally as the need to recognize cultural variations among students, has tried with some success to talk about how a racially and ethnically diverse student body can enrich everyone´s education.Phillip Green, a political scientist at Smith and a thoughtful proponent of multiculturalism, notes that for a significant portion of the students the politics of identity is all-consuming. Students, he says, "are unhappy with the thin gruel of rationalism. They require a therapeutic curriculum to overcome not straightforward racism but ignorant stereotyping. "But multiculturalism´s hard-liners, who seem to make up the majority of the movement, damn as racism any attempt to draw the myriad of American groups into a common American culture. For these multiculturalists, differences are absolute, irreducible, and intractable-occasions not for understanding but for separation. The multiculturalists, it turns out, is not especially interested in the great American hyphen, in the syncretistic (and therefore naturally tolerant) identities that allow Americans to belong to more than a single culture, to be both particularizes and universalisms.The time-honored American mixture of assimilation and traditional allegiance is denounced as a danger to racial and gender authenticity. This is an extraordinary reversal of the traditional liberal commitment to a "truth" that transcends parochialisms. In the new race/class/gender formation, universality is replaced by, among other things, feminist science Nubian numerals (as part of an A, fro-centric science), and what Marilyn Frankenstein of the University of Massachusetts-Boston describes as "ethno-mathematics," in which the cultural basis of counting comes to the fore.The multiculturalists insist on seeing all perspectives as tainted by the perceiver´s particularpoint of view. Impartial knowledge, they argue, is not possible, because ideas are simply the expression of individual identity, or of the unspoken but inescapable assumptions that are inscribed in a culture or a language. The problem, however, with this warmed-over Nietzscheanism is that it threatens to leave no ground for anybody to stand on, so the multiculturalists make a leap, necessary for their own intellectual survival, and proceed to argue that there are some categories, such as race and gender, that do in fact embody an unmistakable knowledge of oppression. Victims are at least epistemologically lucky. Objectivity is a mask for oppression. And so an appalled former 1960s radical complained to me that self-proclaimed witches were teaching classes on witchcraft. "They´re not teaching students how to think," she said, "they´re telling them what to believe."第41题Which one of the following ideas would multiculturalists NOT believe?A.That we should recognize and celebrate the differences among the many cultures in the United States.B.That we can never know the "truth" because "truth" is always shaped by one´s culture.C.That "difference" is more important than "sameness."D.Those different cultures should work to assimilate themselves into the mainstream culture so that eventually there will be no excuse for racism.第42题According to a hard-line multiculturalists, which one of the following groups is most likely to know the "truth" about political reality?cated people who have learned how to see reality from many different perspectives.B.A minority group that has suffered oppression at the hands of the majority.C.High government officials who have privileged access to secret information.D.Political scientists who have thoroughly studied the problem.第43题The author states that in a "kindlier version" of multiculturalism, minorities discover "that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it." If no new ethnic groups were incorporated into the American culture for any centuries to come, which one of the following would be the most probable outcome of this "kindlier version"?A.At some point in the future, there would be only one culture with no observable ethnic differences.B.Eventually the dominant culture would overwhelm the minority cultures, which would then lose their ethnic identities.C.The multiplicity of ethnic groups would remain but the characteristics of the different ethnic groups would change.D.The smaller ethnic groups would remain, and they would retain their ethnic heritag第44题The author speaks about the "politics of identity" that Phi]lip Green, a political scientist at Smith, notes is all-consuming for many of the students : considering the subject of the passage, which one of the following best describes what the author means by "the politics of identity"?A.The attempt to discover individual identities through political actionB.The political agenda that aspires to create a new pride of identity for AmericansC.The current obsession for therapy groups that help individuals discover their inner selvesD.The trend among minority students to discover their identities in their ethnic groups rather than in their individuality第45题Which one of the following best describes the attitude of the writer toward the multicultural movement?A.Tolerant. It may have some faults, but it is well-meaning overall.B.Critical. A formerly admirable movement has been taken over by radical intellectuals.C.Disinterested. He seems to be presenting an objective report.D.EnthusiastiＣ. The author embraces the multiculturalists movement and is trying to present it in a favorable light.第46题"Multiculturalists relativism" is the notion that there is no such thing as impartial or objective knowledge. The author seems to be grounding his criticism of this notion on ______.A.the clear evidence that science has indeed discovered "truths" that have been independent of both language and culture.B.the conclusion that relativism leaves one with no clear notions of any one thing that is true.C.the absurdity of claiming that knowledge of oppression is more valid than knowledge of scientific facts.D.the agreement among peoples of all cultures as to certain undeniable truths-e,g., when the sky is clear, day is warmer than night.上一题下一题(47~50/共20题)Reading ComprehensionI expect this course to open my eyes to story material, to unleash my too dormant imagination, to develop that quality utterly lacking in my nature-a sense of form. I do not expect to acquire much technique. I expect to be able to seize upon the significant, reject the trivial. I hope to acquire a greater love for humanity in all its forms.I have long wondered just what my strength was as a writer. I am often filled with tremendous enthusiasm for a subject, yet my writing about it will seem a sorry attempt. Above all, I possess a driving sincerity-that prime virtue of any creative worker. I write only what I believe to be the absolute truth-even if I must ruin the theme in so doing. In this respect I feel far superior to those glib people in my classes who often garner better grades than I do. They are so often pitiful frauds-artificial-insincere. They have a line that works. They do not write from the depths of their hearts. Nothing of theirs was ever horn of pain. Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished product.I write only about people and things that I know thoroughly. Perhaps I have become a mere reporter, not a writer/Yet I feel that this is all my present abilities permit. I will open my eyes in my youth and store this raw, living material. Age may bring the fire that molds experience into artistry.I have a genuine love of nature. It is not the least bit affected, but an integral and powerful part of my life. I know that Cooper is a fraud-that he doesn´t give a true sense of the sublimity of American scenery. I know that Muir and Thoreau and Burroughs speak the truth. I can sense the moods of nature almost instinctively. Ever since I could walk, I have spent as much time as I could in the open. A perception of nature-no matter how delicate, how subtle, how evanescent-remains with me forever.I am influenced too much, perhaps, by natural objects. I seem bound by the very room I´m in. I´ve associated so long with prosaic people that I´ve dwarfed myself spiritually. When I get alone under an open sky where man isn´t too evident-then I´m tremendously exalted and a thousand vivid ideas and sweet visions flood my consciousness.I think that I possess story material in abundance. I have had an unusual upbringing. I was let alone, thank God ! My mother insisted upon two things-that I strive for perfection in whatever I did and that I always try to be a gentleman. I played with Italians, with Russians, Poles, and the "sissies" on Michigan avenue. I was carefully watched, yet allowed to follow my own inclinations.I have seen a good deal of life that would never have been revealed to an older person. Up to the time I came to college then I had seen humanity in diverse forms. Now I´m cramped and unhappy.I don´t feel that these idiotic adolescents are worth writing about. In the summer, I turn animal and work for a few weeks in a factory. Then I´m happy.My literary achievements have been insignificant. At fourteen, I made a speech which was translated into twenty-six languages and used as Red Cross propaganda. When I was younger, it seemed that everything I wrote was eminently successful. I always won a prize when I entered an es- say contest. In college, I´ve been able to get only one "A" in four rhetoric courses. I feel this keenly. If I can´t write, what can I do? I wonder.When I was a freshman, I told Carlton Wells that I knew I could write whether he thought so or not. On my next theme he wrote "You can Write!" How I have cherished that praise!It is bad form to talk about grades. I know. If I don´t get an "A" in this course, it wouldn´t be because I haven´t tried. I´ve made a slow start. I´m going to spend Christmas vacation writing. A "B" symbolizes defeat to me. I´ve been beaten too often. I do wish that we were allowed to keep our stories until we felt that we had worked them into the best possible form.I do not have the divine urge to write. There seems to be something surging within, -a profound undercurrent of emotion. Yet there is none of that fertility of creation which distinguishes the real writer.Nevertheless, I have faith in myself. I´m either going to be a good writer or a poor fool.第47题There are a number of paradoxical statements in the author´s self-analysis. Identify two of them and explain.______第48题The author says "Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished products." (Paragraph 2)Explain and comment on the idea._____第49题What things and people are regarded by the author to be the proper material for his writing? Explain._____第50题Does the author think of himself as a talented writer? Why or why not?_____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第51题Read the following quote and write an article of about 400 words long for a newspaper to argue for or against the author´s opinion.We shall live to see the day, I trust, when no man shall build his house for posterity. He might just。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(7)
B.effervescent
C.vicissitude
D.ephemeral
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(7/30)Vocabulary
第7题
Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural ______ doing so.
A.disregarded
B.infringed
C.suspended
D.stamped
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(14/30)Vocabulary
第14题
The ______ of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care, pensions, etc.
A.temperature
B.temperament
C.temptation
D.temperance
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(10/30)Vocabulary
第10题
______ ghost exists in the world. That´s your illusion.
A.No such a thing as
A.conforming
forting
C.contriving
D.converging
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(3/30)Vocabulary
第3题
The man went to prison, but the two boys ______ with a warning.
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(3)
Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day—the "bottom billion," the poorest of the world's poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.
Still, if you start off by liking Rembrandt, as I do, there is much to discover. For instance, when in Amsterdam I always make a point of paying homage to the Rembrandt masterpieces in the Rijksmuseum, yet until now I had never bothered to visit Rembrandt House, where the painter lived from 1639 until driven out by bankruptcy in 1658. In brief, had never much connected his art to his person.
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）（2）
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）（2）21. Doctor Sheldon Pollack was charged that?[A] he had prescribed wrong medicine for patients by mistake[B] he had treated his patients with something illegal，causing bad result[C] he had pretended to be a prominent surgeon[D] he had sold an unauthorized product in large amount22. It can be learned from the second paragraph that “dermatologist” must be a doctor dealing with.[A] heart disease[B] eye disease[C] breathing disorder [D] disorder and disease of the skin23. The investigation of OCPS is to find ?[A] whether he still has illegal treatment on his patients[B] how many patients have been abused[C] if he told his patients about the risk[D] how much money he got from his illegal treatment24. Which of the following is true according to the passage?[A] Barbiero took the treatment after being told the risk.[B] Dr. Sheldon Pollack started his work with the patients' agreement to accept the potential risk.[C] A famous doctor should be authorized to use something he thinks okay on patients.[D] Barbiero is suffering a lot.25. From the ending part of the passage， we can conclude that ?[A] Barbiero will win the lawsuit[B] Dr. Sheldon Pollack will win the lawsuit[C] the cases have been dismissed[D] governing bodies to monitor doctor will be chargedText2What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage，or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified，and the future too uncertain，to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past， as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek， and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history，a language all their own， a common religion， common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants， coming from a great variety of nations. Lately， it has been emphasized that an asocial，narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans，and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being，because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism， Christopher Lash says that modern man，“tortured by self-consciousness， turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life，to find something to live for”。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(9)
D.to have been praised
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(12/30)Vocabulary
第12题
______an answer, they decided to send an express telegram to them.
A.Received not
B.Having received not
A.enhanced
B.impeded
C.refuted
D.superseded
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(5/30)Vocabulary
第5题
Perhaps we should think in terms of raising interest rates______them, in consideration of the new reports about inflation reported last June.
A.disregarded
B.infringed
C.suspended
D.stamped
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(14/30)Vocabulary
第14题
The______of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care, pensions, etc
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（9）
(1/30)Vocabulary
第1题
She had a strong______to give a talk about her experiences, because she didn´ t like the limelight.
翻译硕士(MTI)英语翻译基础(英译汉)模拟试卷二
1.It has now been five years since Margaret Thatcher resigned as Britain' s Prime Minister. In her heyday she strode the international headlines with such bravura that she seemed inevitable, a natural force. The world stage seemed just the right size for her, as she chaffed her conservative soul mate Ronald Reagan or flattered the " new man," Mikhail Gorbachev.
2.Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming U. S. election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America' s manufacturing woes.
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(1)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题基础设施互联互通是融合发展的基本条件。
翻译硕士考研英语练习题2参考答案
翻译硕士考研英语练习题2参考答案I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)1. 亚太经贸合作组织2. 东南亚国家联盟3. 首席财务官4. 消费价格指数5. 邮政特快专递6. 联邦调查局7. 全球定位系统8. 首次公开募股9. 北大西洋公约组织10. 国际货币基金组织11. 最惠国12. 知识产权13. 注册会计师14. 欧洲自由贸易联盟15. 国际原子能机构16. mortgage loan17. health-care food18. the bonded zone19. bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency20. (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival21. tertiary industry; service sector22. a state with an adequate legal system23. international common practice24. cash on delivery25. enterprises running in the red/under deficit26. downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency27. conglomeration and merger of enterprises28. retain the job but suspend the salary29. special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs)30. market accessII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English (120’).英译汉：一位内科医生每次给新病人看病时脑子里就会响起一个刺耳的声音：我要是诊断错了该怎么办?我是个蹩脚的医生。
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翻译硕士英语
Part one: multiple choice
1-5 CCBBD 6-10 ACBAD 11-15 CBABC 16-20 BBDCC
Part two: reading and comprehension
21-25 CDADB
25-30 CDDBA
31-37 DCDAABB
38 home life
39 p roductive
40 her own productivity
Part three: write an essay
Travel Helps Promote Communication Between Countries
With the steady growth in the world's economy as well as the people's living standard, nowadays more and more people are able to afford to go to travel abroad. Thus people of different races and colors have more chances to meet each other and understand each other. Such activities among people help promote the understanding and communication between countries, which helps to make this world a better and more harmonious place.
Different countries are striving to develop their national tourism because tourism really has a lot of advantages. Firstly, beautiful scenery, attractive tourist spots and splendid culture allure tourists with different parts of the world, which provides many opportunities to promote exchanges among people from different backgrounds. For example, since the reform and opening-up, China, a country which has rich tourist resources, receives millions of foreign tourists every year. The frequent contacts between foreign tourists and Chinese people promote the exchanges of culture and science, creating international friendship and promoting deeper understanding and strengthening ties. Meanwhile this has accelerated the development of these countries. Secondly, travel enriches one's knowledge, widens one's vision and enhances mutual understanding. In the past, Chinese people knew little of the outside world. Since the reform and opening-up, with people's living standard greatly improved, more and more people have the chances to go abroad for sightseeing. Through traveling, we Chinese have expanded our scope of knowledge, and we have come to know the world better and have been learning how to develop our own country better. Thirdly, tourism boosts local economy and promotes commercial exchanges. Singapore is such a good example. It is a small country with scarce natural resources. But owing to the prosperous tourism, the country's economy develops very well and it is named one of the four economic "tigers" in northeastern Asia.
But some people say that tourism cannot work so well as people expect. They argue that the purpose of the tourists is just to enjoy sightseeing and in fact tourism
has its disadvantages. Firstly, tourism does great harm to the tranquility and sanitation of the local place, and sometimes it even causes pollution to the natural environment. Secondly, many tourists cannot even speak a word of the language of the country they are visiting. There is little possibility that they will have a deep understanding of the country in such a short period of time. Thirdly, during the trip, poor service and language barrier may even give rise to unwanted misunderstanding. Also the tourists' wealth may make the local people more aware of their own poverty and lead to jealousy and psychological imbalance.
As the proverb goes, "No garden is without weeds." In my opinion, compared with the advantages, disadvantages of tourism have become trivial things. It is important for a country to develop its tourism to upgrade its international position and at the same time promote global understanding to remove prejudice and bias. We should make good use of our rich tourist resources to make our motherland more beautiful and attract more foreign friends.。