骨科学习 ppt课件
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主要症状是疼痛、造成功能的丧失，常常伴有僵直。当受影响的关 节移动或者触摸时，退行性关节炎可引起一连串的噼啪声，病人可能会 出现肌肉痉挛和肌腱挛缩。偶尔，关节也会有大量液体。
Crackling [ ‘kræklɪŋ ] n.连续的爆裂声 Spasm [‘spæzm] n. 痉挛,抽搐 contraction [kən‘trækʃən] n.收缩,挛缩
3
When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.
A variety of causes—hereditary, developmental, metabolic, and mechanical—may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage . 遗传、发育、代谢和机械等各种因素均有可能影响软骨损伤 的过程。 Hereditary [hə‘rɛdə,tɛrɪ] a.遗传的
骨性关节炎又称退行性关节炎或退行性关节病，是关于关节毁坏 的一系列机械性异常，涉及关节软骨和软骨下骨。 Degenerative [di'dʒenərətiv] a. 退化的;变质的 Cartilage [‘kɑ:tilidʒ] n. 软骨
2
Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, and sometimes an effusion源自文库 症状包括关节疼痛、压痛、僵硬、 有时有积液。 Stiffness ['stifnis] n.僵硬;生硬
sibling [ ‘s i b l i ŋ ] n.兄弟姐妹 identical twins 同卵双胞胎
6
Signs and symptoms
The main symptom is pain, causing loss of ability and often stiffness. OA can cause a crackling noise when the affected joint is moved or touched, and patients may experience muscle spasm and contractions in the tendons. Occasionally, the joints may also be filled with fluid.
Osteoarthritis
1
Osteoarthritis (OA) also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints ,including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
当骨表面的软骨保护不良时，骨面就会暴露损伤。导致少量活动就会 引起继发性疼痛、区域肌肉萎缩以及韧带松弛。
Atrophy [‘ætrəfɪ] n. 萎缩;发育停止;虚脱
Lax [læ ks] a. 松弛的;质地松的
4
Causes
Some investigators believe that mechanical stress on joints underlies all osteoarthritis, with many and varied sources of mechanical stress, including misalignments of bones caused by congenital or pathogenic causes; mechanical injury; overweight; loss of strength in muscles supporting joints; and impairment of peripheral nerves, leading to sudden or uncoordinated movements that overstress joints. 一些研究者认为，关节上各种机械应力包括先天的和病原造成的移位 是基于退行性关节炎的；机械损伤，超重，维持关节的肌肉的损害和末梢神 经的损害导致突发的或者不协调的移动，加重关节承载。 Misalignment [misə'laɪnmənt] n.移位 pathogenic [,pæθə'dʒɛnɪk] a. 致病的 病原的 Peripheral [pə'rɪfər əl] a. 体表的;(神经)末梢的
7
Diagnosis
The typical changes seen on X-ray include: joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis (increased bony formation around the joint), subchondral cyst formation, and osteophytes.
5
epidemiology
A number of studies have shown that there is a greater prevalence of the disease among siblings and especially identical twins, indicating a hereditary basis. 大量研究表明：兄弟姐妹尤其是同卵双胞胎之间疾病普 遍存在，这是遗传的基础。
Crackling [ ‘kræklɪŋ ] n.连续的爆裂声 Spasm [‘spæzm] n. 痉挛,抽搐 contraction [kən‘trækʃən] n.收缩,挛缩
3
When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.
A variety of causes—hereditary, developmental, metabolic, and mechanical—may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage . 遗传、发育、代谢和机械等各种因素均有可能影响软骨损伤 的过程。 Hereditary [hə‘rɛdə,tɛrɪ] a.遗传的
骨性关节炎又称退行性关节炎或退行性关节病，是关于关节毁坏 的一系列机械性异常，涉及关节软骨和软骨下骨。 Degenerative [di'dʒenərətiv] a. 退化的;变质的 Cartilage [‘kɑ:tilidʒ] n. 软骨
2
Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, and sometimes an effusion源自文库 症状包括关节疼痛、压痛、僵硬、 有时有积液。 Stiffness ['stifnis] n.僵硬;生硬
sibling [ ‘s i b l i ŋ ] n.兄弟姐妹 identical twins 同卵双胞胎
6
Signs and symptoms
The main symptom is pain, causing loss of ability and often stiffness. OA can cause a crackling noise when the affected joint is moved or touched, and patients may experience muscle spasm and contractions in the tendons. Occasionally, the joints may also be filled with fluid.
Osteoarthritis
1
Osteoarthritis (OA) also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints ,including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
当骨表面的软骨保护不良时，骨面就会暴露损伤。导致少量活动就会 引起继发性疼痛、区域肌肉萎缩以及韧带松弛。
Atrophy [‘ætrəfɪ] n. 萎缩;发育停止;虚脱
Lax [læ ks] a. 松弛的;质地松的
4
Causes
Some investigators believe that mechanical stress on joints underlies all osteoarthritis, with many and varied sources of mechanical stress, including misalignments of bones caused by congenital or pathogenic causes; mechanical injury; overweight; loss of strength in muscles supporting joints; and impairment of peripheral nerves, leading to sudden or uncoordinated movements that overstress joints. 一些研究者认为，关节上各种机械应力包括先天的和病原造成的移位 是基于退行性关节炎的；机械损伤，超重，维持关节的肌肉的损害和末梢神 经的损害导致突发的或者不协调的移动，加重关节承载。 Misalignment [misə'laɪnmənt] n.移位 pathogenic [,pæθə'dʒɛnɪk] a. 致病的 病原的 Peripheral [pə'rɪfər əl] a. 体表的;(神经)末梢的
7
Diagnosis
The typical changes seen on X-ray include: joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis (increased bony formation around the joint), subchondral cyst formation, and osteophytes.
5
epidemiology
A number of studies have shown that there is a greater prevalence of the disease among siblings and especially identical twins, indicating a hereditary basis. 大量研究表明：兄弟姐妹尤其是同卵双胞胎之间疾病普 遍存在，这是遗传的基础。