专四之定语从句
专四语法辅导--定语从句
e.g. They talked about the teachers and the things that they remembered in
the school. 5. 当被修饰的成份在主句中是系动词be后的表语或关系词本 身在定语从句中做表语，用that。 （be的分类: a. am, is, are. b. 表变化的get. c. 感观动词look, smell. d. 表保持的stay.) e.g. China isn’t the country that she used to be fifty years ago.
3. I have never been to London, but that is the city ___.
A. where I like to visit most B. I’d like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly
exam.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意思 “正如”，位置比较灵活，既可以指代前面提到的 内容，也可指后面要提到的内容。
e.g. As is mentioned above, this method aims at improving the students’ ability in a more effective way.
二、当先行词是指人的名词时，通常用who, that, whom
引导，但在下列情况下定语从句只用who不用that。 1. 先行词为the one, ones, anyone等时 e.g. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2. 先行词为those( 指人)或被those修饰时 e.g. Those who learn not only from books, but also through practice will succeed.
专四定语从句语法点
专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
专四__定语从句复习
3.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。 He talked happily about the men and books that interested him greatly.
4.先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句 用that。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice. 5.当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。 Who is the man that is standing there?
常见的这类结构有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced等。
4.一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点 的名词，但也有特殊情况。
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句 that/which 1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won. 2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.
1.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of A is something we had not expected. time; ____ (2003) A. which B. it C. that D. what
专四的定语从句
2. 限定性关系分句中的其他用法问题
1.This is the best TV _______ is that made in China. that 2.The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
先行词被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时，引导定语 从句用that 。
2. 限定性关系分句中的其他用法问题
that wants to Any boy ________
succeed must work hard.
先行项指人并带有any, all, only等限定词时,其后用分句 主语的关系代词通常用that, 在这种搭配中用that比用who 普通 。
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl her is Mary.
we saw
yesterday
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
Have a Try
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成分： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Ling. ( 主语 ) 2. The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( 宾语 ) 3. A child whose parents are dead is called Tim. ( 定语 ) 4. I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( 宾语 )
专四语法精讲-定语从句(内部资料)
关系代词的省略
做直接宾语时可以省略。 例如：Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系 在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系 代词可以省略。 例如：This is the only bus (that) there is to that park.
下面三个句子意思相同： The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. NOTE: 但是… of which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词 另 但是… which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词 有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。 有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。 例如：There are six possibilities, every one of which involves difficulty. They offered a strong opposition, of the like of which he had never dreamed.
此结构在定语从句中可以作状语或定语，并可修饰别 的名词一同作状语。 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不 可。 例如：A path, on both side of which flowers grew, led to the exhibition hall. 两边长满花的小径，通往展示厅。 This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. (状语) Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight. (定语)
专四之定语从句概要
Great
A. which B. that
C. wherethatD. it
4. He talked先h行a词pp被ialyll,alibttloeu, t the men and books _____ interemsutcehd, ehveirmy, ngor,e等atly in the school.
______Greek letters.
A. as, are
B. as, is
C. that, are
D. that, is
3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows.
A. that B. where C. who
D. as
4. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of
A. which B. 修th饰at时 C. it
D. whom
5. There i有s先n序行o数词d词被ic(序tthio数e nf词iras或rt)y,最形_高容__级词_修最_饰高yo，级u先(tch先人行ae n行 和b词esf前词 物ti)n,为 的d.
A. that
若 者Bth.主wewh句lahisci中th,ct，hh有e为疑ve了r问y,避代tCh免e词.ow重nwlhy复he等or,时e或关。组合D. in that
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支
4. as 与 which 的区别
★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的 被动语态，如 be known， be said， be reported 等 ★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which作主语。
1) She has been late again, ___a_s___ was
专四之定语从句
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
when 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ on ______) which China was founded. (__ where 2) Beijing is the place ______ in which (____ ______) I live. why (___ for which 3) Is this the reason ____ _____) he didn’t want to see me?
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级 修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时 8. 主句以there be开头
Exercise:
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 先行词为everything，little, much ， all ， anything ， 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great nothing, none, few 等词时， Wall. A. which B. that
B. as, is
D. that, is
3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用于描述或限定句子中的某个名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)引导，这些代词在从句中分别作主语、宾语、所有格、指示词等。
定语从句的位置可以在名词前面或后面，它通常用于修饰一些特定的人、事、物或概念。
例如，我们可以说“the book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting”，这句话中“that I borrowed from the library”就是一个定语从句，用于修饰名词“book”。
在使用定语从句时，我们需要注意以下几点：
1. 关系代词的选择：不同的关系代词用于不同的情况，需要根
据先行词的性质和定语从句的意义来选择。
2. 从句的位置：定语从句可以放在名词前或名词后，但从句的
位置会影响句子的语调和语气。
3. 从句的语态：定语从句的语态需要与主句的语态保持一致，
如主句是被动语态，从句也需要使用被动语态。
定语从句是英语学习中的重点和难点之一，需要我们进行反复练习和巩固。
只有通过不断的实践和总结，我们才能掌握定语从句的用法和技巧，从而提高我们的英语语言能力。
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专四语法讲从句
• 作原因状语：why=for which,先行词为reason；
定语从句考点六:非限定性从句
• 非限定性从句的关系词为which, who, whom, as, 介词+which 不能用that
They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, __A__ is something we had not expected. 2003
other person is right yet you cannoBt /aDgree with him 2002
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. where
This company has now introduced a policy ___ pay rises are
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
定语从句考点七:but
• But引导限制性定语从句,先行词可是人也可是物, 表示that/who/which…not
There are very few _____ admire his talents. Not a day went by _____ brought us bad news at that
Child as/though he was, he could help his mother.
▲注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词. b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语
后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起 放在主语之前.
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，在英语专四考试中也占有重要地位。
定语从句可以用来修饰一个名词或代词，并且能够起到更精确、更具体的描述作用。
定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种类型。
其中，关系代词包括that、who、whom、whose和which等，而关系副词则包括when、where和why等。
在定语从句的使用中，需要注意以下几点：
1.关系代词的选择应根据先行词的性质来确定。
2.定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在数和人称上保持一致。
3.定语从句的位置应与先行词的位置紧密相连。
4.关系代词who和whom的使用需要根据先行词在句子中的地位来选择。
除此之外，还需要注意避免使用重复的定语从句，以及注意定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别等问题。
总之，掌握好定语从句的使用方法，能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思，提高英语表达能力。
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初中英语语法专题四： 定语从句(PDF版)
专题四定语从句在英语中，当要表达复杂的意思时，往往都要借助于定语从句来完成，即要用定语从句来修饰某个名词或名词短语。
它有两个重要概念：先行词和关系词。
定语从句的核心内容就是围绕先行词和关系词展开的。
另外，定语从句有限制性和非限制性之分。
在初中阶段，我们只要求掌握限制性定语从句的用法。
一、先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词（先行词可以是一个词、短语或者句子等）。
二、关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词学习思路：以关系词为出发点，从两个角度来学习定语从句：一是关系词与先行词的对应关系，即不同的先行词要由不同的关系词来指代；二是关系词在从句中所能充当的各种不同成分。
关系词可以分为两大类：关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词主要有：who，whom，which，that和whose，主要起着代词的作用，在定语从句里充当主语或宾语（但whose作定语）。
关系副词则包括when，where和why，主要起着副词的作用，在定语从句里充当状语（不作主语或宾语）。
关系代词的用法一、先行词指“人”才能用who或whom(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：1．who的前面不能与介词搭配使用2．whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或表语二、先行词指“物”，用关系代词which(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)(3)He likes climbing mountains,which is a good exercise.（先行词是一个短语）三、表示人或物的所有关系，用whose，whose可指人也可指物，后面要接名词。
专四之定语从句46页PPT
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21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省，归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰，决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
专四之定语从句
16、人民应该为法律而战斗，就像为 了城墙 而战斗 一样。 ——赫 拉克利 特 17、人类对于不公正的行为加以指责 ，并非 因为他 们愿意 做出这 种行为 ，而是 惟恐自 己会成 为这种 行为的 牺牲者 。—— 柏拉图 18、制定法律法令，就是为了不让强 者做什 么事都 横行霸 道。— —奥维 德 19、法律是社会的习惯和思想的结晶 。— 托·伍·威尔逊 20、人们嘴上挂着的法律，其真实含 义是财 富。— —爱献 生
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构，常常用于修饰句子中的名词或代词，使其更加具体和明确。
下面将介绍英语专四考试中常见的定语从句类型和用法。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括who, whom, whose, that和which。
它们在定语从句中的作用是代替先行词，并引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如： - The man who is standing over there is my father.- The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.- The car that he drives is very expensive.- The woman whose daughter is in my class is a doctor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词包括when, where和why。
它们在定语从句中的作用是引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如：- The day when we met was sunny.- The place where we had dinner was very crowded.- The reason why he left the company is still unknown.3. 用于表示数量或序数的定语从句在表示数量或序数的句子中，常常使用定语从句来进一步说明先行词。
例如：- The first person who finishes the race will receive aprize.- The only thing that she wants for her birthday is a new guitar.- The number of students who attended the lecture was more than expected.以上是英语专四语法中关于定语从句的介绍，考生在备考过程中需要多加练习，尤其是在理解和使用不同类型的引导词上。
专四英语之倒装句和定语从句
一、英语倒装句1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。
【名词倒装,代词不倒装】Our teacher came in. In came our teacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is. / Away he went. /Look, there he comes. 看，他来了。
/Down she went.她下来了。
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.2. 副词now, then, thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come, follow, begin, end, be 等．Now comes your turn! 到你了。
Thus ended the meeting. 会议结束了。
Then came the dog.Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do. Under a big tree __D______, half asleep.A. did sat a fat manB. a fat man satC. did a fat man satD. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + lives, stands, comes, lies, flows, enters, rises 和appears等。
There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 ; neither/ nor + 动词+主语 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
专四的定语从句
当先行词指的是世界 上独一无二的事物时。
只用非限定性定语从句的情况：
3. Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.
当先行词指的人名， 地名，建筑物等专 有名词时。
关系词的选择问题
1. 先行项所指意义是人还是物。 2. 关系词在分句中的句法功能，是主语、 还是宾语或补语。 3. 关系词引导的分句种类：限定或非限定。 4. 作用于何种语域或语体：正式或非正式，书面或 口语。
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
专四辅导-定语从句
判断关系代词与关系副词
• 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓 语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或 者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系 代词。 例如：
• This is the mountain village • This is the mountain village • This is the mountain village • I'll never forget the days • I will never forget the days • I'll never forget the days during I stayed last year. I visited last year. I stayed in last year. I worked together with you. I spent in the countryside. I worked together with you.
举例
• There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. • There is little that I can do for you. • Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你 在图书馆借的那本书吗？ • All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。 • Finally, the their handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who • Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
专四语法第10、11节-定语从句和状语从句-知识点
第十节定语从句I.定语从句考点和知识要点：1. 定语从句五大概念概念一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。
在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。
关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
概念二、关系词有哪些？1、关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）; 注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
2、关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。
关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。
而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
Focus in：方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
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when/on which 2. I will never forget the day_______________ I met you.
(that/which) I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.
why/for which I don’t 3. The reason ________________ know the thing is that I was not there at that time. (that/which) I don’t The reason _____________ know is known to him.
对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 where/in which 1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there.
(that/which) The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.
There are no such writers as you mention. It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 如此 …… 以至于 ，结果状语从句
3.与same 连用, 引起定语从句 ☆ the same … as 表示同一类人或物； the same … that 指同一个人或物
Revision1 relative pronoun
关系 代词
who
whom which that whose
指代
人 物 句子
在定语从句中所充当的 成分
主语 宾语 定语
relative adverb
关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分
when
where why
time place reason
时间状语
5. We do the same work _____ they do.
A. which
B.么情况下 whose和of which不能互换? 1. 先行词是人时，只能用whose, 不能用of which It’s the first time the boy whose _______ father is an engineer has paid a visit to our school.
B. as, is
D. that, is
3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as
4. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
when 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ on ______) which China was founded. (__ where 2) Beijing is the place ______ in which (____ ______) I live. why (___ for which 3) Is this the reason ____ _____) he didn’t want to see me?
几种易混的情况
1. I’ll never forget the days
_____________ when /in which we worked together. 2. I’ll never forget the days ______ we which spent together.
及物动词
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级 修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时 8. 主句以there be开头
Exercise:
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 先行词为everything，little, much ， all ， anything ， 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great nothing, none, few 等词时， Wall. A. which B. that
where in ______) which 4) Is this the room ______(__ we were living last winter? when 5) The days are gone _____ during which (______ ______) we used “foreign oil”. where 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______ at ______) which we discussed many problems. (__
The Attributive clause
语法讲解
定语从句（the attributive clause）
形容词 用的从句是定语从句 在复合句中，充当_______
☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_______ “先行词” ，引导定语从 句的词叫做 “关系代词” ________ 或 “关系副词” _________。 ☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接 （连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的 句子成分）。
地点状语 原因状语
4. 关系副词的用法注意点 (1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用 关系词that 或省略。如：
This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. (2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示 “情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由 where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?
2. of 不具有所属关系时，不能用whose She would like to read the novel of which a great number of people have heard.
考点五:什么情况下用 who 不用 that？
先行词是人称代词时，如： He, who just heard the news of his father’s death, burst into tears.
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支
4. as 与 which 的区别 ★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的 被动语态，如 be known， be said， be reported 等 ★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which作主语。
as 1) She has been late again, _______ was expected. which 2) Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy.
1. ______ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which C. This B. That D. As
2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment
______Greek letters.
A. as, are
C. that, are
Eg: This is the same pen ______I lost D yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B 比较：
...the same pen as I lost.
表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是
... the same pen that I lost.
3. I went to the place ______________ where/ in which I worked ten years ago.
Don’t forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的， 更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。
者 which，为了避免重复, 关 系代词不要再用 who, which， 6. Is oxygen而用 the only that。gas _____ helps fire burn?
B. which
C. where
D. in that
A. it
B. /
C. which
D. that
7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you?
考点一：that 和 which 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one. 2. 先行词被all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none修饰时