英语语法大攻克--现在完成时

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的用法:

1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。如：

1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）

2）He has already come 他已经来了。（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。）

2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。如：

1）I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。

（六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。）

2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。

（从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。）

二、现在完成时的结构

1）肯定式：主语+ have / has + 过去分词

2）否定式: 主语+ have / has + not + 过去分词

3）一般疑问式Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词

4）特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词

三、现在完成时的时间状语

现在完成时常用的时间状语包括―now, today, tonight, this week, this year;already, yet, just, recently…etc‖。

例如：I have had a dog now. 我现在有一个小狗了

We have learned about 3000English words by the end of this term.

到上学期末我们已经学了3000个英语单词。

I haven’t heared from him recently. 最近我没收到他的信.。

注意1) 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经4年了。

I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从8年前我就在这工作。

注意2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。

例如：I have already seen the film. ------ I haven’t seen the film yet.

He has just come. He hasn’t come yet?

四、使用时注意事项

1.―have/ has got ‖ 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思―有‖。

例如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.

你有笔友吗？是的，我有。

Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn’t.

他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。

2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用

He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。

Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？

3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用；

have/ has gone to则不可。例如:

─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？

─ Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。

─ Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？

─ They’ve gone to Shenyang. 他们去沈阳了。

4．非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用―现在完成时+ 表示一段时间的状语‖的句型中。

这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。

例如：arrive, come → be here, be in buy → have

begin, start → b e on ；get to know → know

die → be dead get up → be up

fall asleep → be asleep leave, move → be away；be out of

finish, end → be over go out → be out

join → be in borrow→keep

finish/end →be over open →b e open

close →be closed join— be a member of

练习

1. Kate’s never seen Chinese films，____ ?

A. hasn’t she

B. has she

C. isn’t she

D. is she

2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai.

-So ______her parents.

A. has

B. had

C. did

D. have

3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

______you______ your homework yet?

A. Do；finish

B. Are；finishing

C. Did；finish

D. Have；finished