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英美概况总复习题目汇总

英美概况总复习题目汇总1. What are the functions of the Bank of England?Answer: Britain's central bank, working in close contact with the government for the control of monetary policy and for giving directives to commercial banks. It is the only note issuing bank in England and Wales. It is also responsible for keeping the exchange rate of British Pound against other currencies within certain limits by operating an Exchange Equalization Account.2. Which are the major political parties now in Britain?Answer: Although there are so many different parties in the United Kingdom, British politics is after all a battle between Conservative and Labor.The Conservative Party believes firmly in private enterprises and free competition. But it did not undo the social legislations passed by the Labor Government. The Labor Party, which is in power now, has traditionally drawn support from the trade unions. It has embraced socialist ideas, supported governmental control of important industries and advocated more equal distribution of the wealth.Among some the key issues around which are the two parties fight are foreign policy and economic policy. Pro-Americanism is thus at the center of British foreign policy for both Conservative and Labor governments, though the opposition always accuses the party in power of being too pro-American.The battle between the two parties over economic policy centers on nationalization and privatization. The Conservatives have been very firm in their belief in free-trade and market economy, while the Labor Party, owing to its socialist origin, has always emphasized the importance of governmentinvolvement in the national economy and the role of the state as provider of welfare benefits to citizens.3. What is a welfare state?Answer: The welfare state includes Stoical Security, the National Health Service, the Housing Program, education, and personal services.4. As the Head of State, does the monarch exercise political powers?Answer: The monarch played an active role in making political decisions, but now the monarch functions only as the symbol of the country's unity and formal Head of State.5. Which branch of the Parliament plays a more important role in the law-marking process? Why?Answer: The most important function of the House of Commons is to make laws, known as Act of Parliament. Although both houses are involved in the law making process, the House of Commons has primacy axation Andover the House of Lords, especially in the processing of "money bills" that concern t public expenditure.6. What’s the relationship between the Parliament and the Cabinet in UK?Answer: Parliament is the law-making body of the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in Parliament. After each general election, the monarch would ask the leader of the winning party to be the Prime Minister and form a new Cabinet. The Cabinet is at the center of the British political system. It is the supreme decision-making body in British government. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of his own political party in Parliament.7. How many stages is education in the U.K divided into and what are they?Answer: primary, secondary, further education, higher education.8. What are the basic characteristics of British foreign policy after World Wall П?Answer: After World Wall П, Britain adopted an isolationist policy toward Europe but cooperated very closely with the United States in the Cold War.9. Which river is the longest in Canada?Answer: Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada.10. What religion is the most dominant in Canada?Answer: Roman Catholicism.11. What are the indigenous people of Canada?Answer: They are the Indians and the Intuits12. What are the most important sectors in the Canadian economy?Answer：The most important sectors in the Canadian economy are manufacturing industry，IT industry, chemical industry, services, minerals industry , foreign trade, forestry and forest industry, paper industry, agriculture, fishery, energy industry.13. Who were the WASPs?Answer: The WASPs were the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants from England who began to immigrate to America in 1607 and played an important role in winning America's independence from Britain.14. What are the main principles of government in the United States?Answer: The principles of federalism, the separation ofpowers and the rule of law are the main principles of government in the United States.15. What is the Bill of Rights?Answer：The Bill of Rights belong to the amendment. Amendments can be added to the Constitution when proposed by two thirds of the total members of Congress and ratified by threefourths of all the states.The first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights which was ratified in 1791. It listed the rights of the people which the government can not deprive, including the right to freedom of speech and religion, the right to bear arms, the right to jury trial, and the right to security of person and property. The Bill of Rights has since been regarded as the fundamental protection of individual rights against arbitrary power of the government.16. How is the president of the United States elected?Answer: The president of the United States is elected for a term of four years by Electoral College. The presidential candidate who gets the majority of electoral votes becomes the president. The presidential election is a fight between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The presidential election is done in four stages: first, each of the major party conducts state primary elections to elect delegates to the party convention. The second stage is the party conventions. The third stage is the general election. And the fourth stage is the general vote which is usually held in early November.17. How do the three branches of government check against each other?Answer: No one of the legislative, executive, judicial branches may dominate the others.18. What are the different types of institutions that providehigher education?Answer: There are universities and colleges, vocational and technical institutes.19. What are the most popular forms of American music and how did they develop?Answer: The most popular forms of American music are Jazz, rock and roll and western and country music. Music is an important part of every American’ life Americans use music, especially popular music to convey cultural and social information and to express their emotions. American popular music is often regarded as a symbol of rebellion of the youth against tradition. A famous popular music event in 1969, the Woodstock Art and Fair drew a crowd of 300000 young people .so the Young people is important factors of development.20. Why do Americans love sports?Answer:①Because Ame ricans are very conscious about health and regard outdoor activities as a way to keep healthy and fit;②Because sports are used to express their interests in keeping fit;③Because sports also allow them to engage in mass culture and occupy their leisure time.21. Why did Americans adopt a policy of neutrality at the beginning of both world wars?Answer: Because American's isolationist policy toward European, and American did not want to be involved in European entanglement and stay out of any European conflicts, since the wars too far to affect American.22. How did Australia start as a nation?Answer: Modern Australia has its origin in the 18th century when the Europeans went there. It became a national state on the first day of the 20th century. However, the Aborigine people had lived there for about 60,000 years before the Europeans got there. They were nomadic hunters and food-gatherers, living in extended family groups formed into tribes. Before the Europeans went there, their population was somewherebetween 600,000 and one million. But about to half of the population died after the Europeans got there and exposed them to diseases such as small pox and measles, againstwhich they had no immunity. This rendered the localpopulation powerless against the Europeans when the latter began to arrive in arrive in large numbers in the late 18th century.23. Who are the New Zealanders?Answer: The Maori people are natives of the New Zealander. They are Polynesian in origin and probably came to settle in New Zealand in canoes about the 9th to 13th century AD.24. When and why did the British assume authority over New Zealand?Answer: In the 1830s, the British saw it as a way to solve the English economic problem by transferring English capital and surplus labor to New Zealand and create a new English society there.25. Why has sheep been so important to New Zealand?Answer: Because wool export became the founding stone of New Zealand’s economy.26. What is the Conservative Party’s solution to the economic problems in the 1970s? Was it successful? (Answer in Page14) Answer: In 1970s the Conservative Party denationalizedmost of the industries controlled by the government for the purpose of stimulating private competition.It has achieved some success but unemployment is still high.27. What are the elements that form the national government of the United Kingdom?Answer: The British government comprises the monarch, the parliament and the executive branch led by the prime minister.28. What is the fundamental government policy for education in the United Kingdom?Answer: Compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 and 16 is the fundamental government policy for education in the United Kingdom.29. What is Tony Blair’s “the Third Way”?Answer: Tony Blair’s the “Third Way” which was different from both the old Labor Party’s commitment to the nationalization of the economy and its close relationship with the trade unions and the Conservative Party’s emphasis of extreme individualism and its rejection of community. He is committed to long term economic stability and fiscal transparency. In order to separate politics and economic policy, he made the Bank of England independent. In social policy, the Blair government changed the old Labor Pa rty’s practice of using ta x system, public expenditure and price control to reduce inequality and has put emphasis on minimum wage, and supplementing low wages. It also emphasizes individual responsibility.30. What are the differences between the Conservative Party and the Labor Party in their principles? （Chapter13: Britain in the 20th Century）Answer: The Labor Party adopted the principle of Welfare State, full employment and government control of economicdevelopment. But the Conservative Party adopted the privatization of state-owned industries and free labor market.。

英美概况-复习资料

word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载Test 1A. EdwardB. AlfredC. CanuteD. Harold I 2.TheEnglish Reformation began with _B_A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary TudorD. Edward VI3.In the reform of the Church, Henry VIII dissolved all of England's monasteries and nunneries beca were much more loyal to _A_ than to their English kings.A. the PopeB. Jesus ChrCi.s oman CatholicD. the bishops4.For nearly thirty years, Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other the two great Catho the time, B_ , and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict.A. Spain and GermanyB. France and SpaiCn. Spain and Denmark D. France and Italy 5.In theIndustrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in _B_A. hardwareB. textilesC. po .te emicals6.About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that h of the world's people and __C__ of the world's land area.A. halfB. one thir. one fourt . one fifth7. At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, because _D_A. he was old-fashionedB. people did not support his postwar policiesC. he was not qualified as a prime minister in a peaceful ageD. people wanted to forget about the war8. In January, _A_ Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community.A. 1973B.1979C. 1967 .9579. In Britain the order of succession to the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _D_A. all members of the royal faBm.il he House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth10.c_ is responsible for the security, accommodation and services in the House of Lords' part of th Westminster.A. The Lord ChancellorB. The SpeakerC. The Gentleman Usher of the Black RDo.d The Clerk of the parliaments 11.Theultimate authority for law-making resides in _a_.A. the House of CommonsB. the QueenC. the CabinetD. the House of Lords 12._A_only has men priests at present.A. The Church in Wale. The Church of EnglanCd. The Free Church D. The Church of Scotland 13.Theimportant patriotic festival in Britain is _CA. St.Georges DayB. St.Patrick's DCa.y Armistice DayD. Boxing Day14.Higher education in Britain is generally supported by _A_A. public fundBs. students themselvCe.s businessD. private sources15.The basic ethnic stock of Ireland is _D.A. NorseB. EnglishC. NormanD. Celtic16.Irish is a _B_ language.A. Anglo-SaxonB. CelticC. LatinD. Greek17.The arrival of _c in AD432 was the most important event in Irish history .A. E.ChildersB. Palladiu . St. PatrickD. Eamon deValera18.In American history, the largest immigration movement did not take place until _A_ A. 1815B.1900C.1917D.1945word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载19. Most Americans lived in _A_A. city areasB. countrysideC. mountain areasD. river valleys20.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the _A_A. blacksB. HispanicsC. Asian-AmericansD. White ethnics21.The Pilgrim buialtcolony named _C_ after they arrived in America.A. JamestownB. BostonC. PlymouthD. Yorktown22.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental CongreDs_s. on July 4A. 1773B. 1774C.1775D. 177623.The American Constitutional system was went up to in _D_A. 1776B. 1781C.1787D.179124.Pushed by theProgressiv ovement, Presiden heodore Roosevelt(1901-1909)and Woodrow Wilson(1913-1921) initiated changes from the 19th century tradition of _B_.A. monopolyB. laissez faiCr.e government regulati market controlA. economyB. politic . societyD. democracy26.The Truman Doctrine was directed against _B_A. Nazi fascismB. CommunismC. Japan27.Kennedy proposed the program of _C_.A. New FreedomB. New DealC. New FrontierD. War on Poverty28.The United States has a free-market economy with a dominant _C_ sector.A. state-ownedB. collectCi.veprivateD. corporate29.Among the following, _A is not an automobile giant.A. the International Business Mac.in neral MotorsC. Ford D. Chrysler30. The New Right did not opposed _D_A. abortionB. affirmative actiCo.n tax risinDg. education31.A conference was held in Philadelphia in May ,1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. All of except _A_ were represented at the Constitutional Convention.A. Rhode IslandB. MaineC. GeorgiaD. Hawaii32.The president cannot vote a law if Congress passes it by a _c vote at the second time. A. one-thirdB.halfC. two-third . three-fourths33.The president of the United States is the head of the _B_ branch.A. legislativeB. executiveC. judicialD. party34.Elementary and secondary education in the United States covers _C_ years.A.10B.11C.12D.1335.The community college made its appearance in the early _C_A. 1700sB.1800sC. 1900sD.1990s36. About _C_ American adults participate in an organized learning group each year.A. a halfB. one in thre . one in fourD. one in five37. In the early part of the 19th century, ___d___ was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. ChicagoD. New York38. Theodore Dreiser was the representa _.ofA. KnickerbockersB. TranscendentalistsC. Lost GenerationD. Naturalists.39.Canada covers about _A_ of the North American continent.A. 2/5B.1/5C.1/2D.3/440.A major part of the Canadian population lives along the _B_ border.A. northernB. southernC. westernD. easternA. St. Patrick word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载41.The United Canada was, at confederation, divided into Ontario and _C_A. New BrunswickB. AlbertaC. QuebecD. Manitoba42.In Canadian history, _D_ created a federal union in 1867.A. The Quebec ActB. The Act of Unio . The Statue of Westminst r. the British North America Act43. The land of Australia is rather flat and more than 50% of the land is under 300m _c_ sea level.A. belowB. on C .above D. near44. The most pleasant part of Australia where the climate is cool and wet is its _A_A. south - east coastlBa.ndcentral eastern lowlaCn.dswestern plateaDu. Victorian Highlands45. The State of _B_ is regarded as the cultural and sports center of Australia.A. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. South Australia46. New South Wales is located _B_ Australia.A. to the southwest towardsB. in the soutCh.eaisnt tohfe southeastD.toat the southeast in47. Over _C_ of the land in New Zealand is more than _ meters above sea level. A.1;2, 100B.3;4,400C.3;4,200D.2;5,30048. The red _B_ is called New Zealand Christmas tree because it flowers in December.A. rataB. PohutukawaC. kowhaiD. totara49. The bird calledisD a national symbol of New Zealand.A. wekaB.pukekoC. bellbirdD.kiwi50.C_is now one of the two official languages of Aotearoa in New Zealand.A. FrenchB. HollandC. MaoriD. PolynesiaTest 21. The Celts' religion was _D_A. ChristianityB. Norman beliefC. Roman Catholic2._B_ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was remarkably successful in converting the British k the nobility to Christianity.B. S ．t AugustineC. St. PalladiusD. Bthelbert3. William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings, with _A_A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CommonsD. ParliamentA. political; militaryB. political; economicC. territorial; religiousD. territorial; economic5. Thanks to Mary, Protestantism and _D_ were now forever synonymous in Britain. _dA. CatholicismB. prosecutionC. the ReformationA. reformB. evolutionC. revolutionD. reformation 7. The Chartis ovement was officiallyaunchedat a greatBirmingham meetingin _b, with the aim ofpressing the Parliament to accept the People's Charcter.A. 1836B.1838C.1840D.18428. The United Kingdom is a _A State.A. unitaryB. federalC. republicD. feudal9. The _B_ Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. A. Canadian B. BritishC. Australian D. IrishD. nationalism 6. The agricultural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great tha D. Druidismword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载10. The Houses of Parliament in U.K. were rebuilt between 1835afatnedr 1h8a5v7ing been destroyed by _c_.A. warB. an earthquakeC. fireD. an explosion11. In Britain, the members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of _C_A. fourB. threeC. fiveD. six12. Greater London is divided into _b_A. 32 boroughsB.32 boroughsand theCityof LondonC. 53 boroughsD.53 boroughsand theCityof London13. Established Churches in Britain are _D_A. Church of England and Church of Wale . Church in Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland14. The seventh Sunday after Easter is _C_A. Good FridayB. Easter SundayC. Whit SundayD. not a festival15. In Britain, medical and veterinary courses normally require _C_ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. eight16._D_ have been a traditional source of conflict between the English and Irish.A. Political Persecut.onEconomic interestC. Ethnic discriminat o.nReligious differences 17.The firstblacks were brought to North America as slaves in _b_A. 1519B. 1619C. 1719D.181918. The victory at _A_ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown19. In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _B_A. only onceB. on two occasion . for three timDe.s for four times20. The Compromise of 1850 allowed __d__ to be accepted as a free state.A. New MexicoB. UtahC. PennsylvaniaD. California21.Lincoln’Esmancipa tionProclamationand theThirteent mendment to theConstitutiofnormallyended _C_A. the immigration movementB. the CivilC.Watrhe slave systemD. the industrialization22. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the _C_ states broke away and found the Confederate S of America.A. northernB. westernC. southernD. eastern23. Versailles Treaty System was the result of Paris Conference in _B_A. AsiaB. EuropeC. North AmericaD. Africa24. The Second World War finally ended in _A_A.1945B. 1946C.1947D.194925. The Standard Oil Company was founded by _CA. MorganB. FordC. RockefellerD. Dupent26. The longest war that the United States has fought is _C_A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War27. Under the pressure of the Anti-war Movement _C_ decided not to run for the presidency for a secondA. TrumanB. NixonC. JohnsonD. Kennedy28._D_ was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. the Civil Rights Act of 1964C. the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865D. the Voting Rights Act of 196529. The United States is by far the a_ industrial country in the world.A. biggestB. second biggestC. third biggestD. fourth biggestword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载30The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _d_A. government regulationB. individual ownershiCp. corruption D. monopoly 31.Thesafeguards against misuse of the powers come in the form of _A_A. separation of powerBs. executive orderCs. presidential electDi.onpsarty political 32.TheAmerican Constitution is the _A_ written Constitution in the world.A. oldestB. longestC. youngestD. shortest33.The Constitution allows the President to give __B_ and pardons in federal criminal cases.A. absolutionsB. reprievesC. testimoniesD. amnesties34._B_ must first come from the House of Representatives.A. Appointments of high offici .lsRevenue billCs. Military bilDl.sBanking bills 35.Higher educationin the United States began with the founding of __A_ in 1636.A. Harvard CollegeB. YaleC. MITD. Princeton36. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _D_A. teachingB. researchC. public serviceD. individual service37. In America, junior colleges include the following college except _B_ one.A. juniorB. BibleC. communityD. technical38. At the master's level the program is primarily _B_ oriented , an extension of undergraduate studyA. researchB. courseC. vocationD. doctoral39. The first American writings were written by those first settlers in _A_ colonies.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Dutch40. Mark Twain's masterwork was _B_A. The Sketch BookB. The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnC. NatureD. Laves of Grass41. The biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States is _D_A. New Year's DayB. Independence DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Christmas Day42. The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and _B_A. the Great lakeB. the St. Lawrenc. the Hudson RiverD. the Saskatchewan River 43._B_ isthe Canadian section of the Great Plains of North America.A. Atlantic Provinc s. The Prairie ProvincesCs. The Canadian Shiel . British Columbiaroots of French Canada.A. Hudson BayB. OttawaC. Quebec CityD. Montreal45. Canada, Confederation, was made up of four provinces, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and _D_A. NewfoundlandB. ManitobaC. AlbertaD. New Brunswick46. Australia is in the _C_ hemisphereA.northernB.easternC.southernD.weastern47. Victoria is also known as _D_48. The size of New Zealand is similar to _CA. Britain or CanadaB. Canada or AustraliaC. Britain or JapanD. Australia or U.S.A.49. In the 1870s the main export of New Zealand became _C_A. timberB. foodC. woolD. gold50. A New Zealand of European descent is known as a _D_A.PakehaB.KiwiC.PukekoD.MaoriTest 31. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first amendments to the Constitution.a. ten B. eleven c. twelve d. thirteen2. The President of the United States is head of the branch.a. legislativeb. executivec. judiciald. party3. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by during the Civil War.a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Franklin Roosevelt4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of .a. cultural revivalb. loss of purposec. development in science and technologyd. material success and spiritual frustration5. It was who first called Native Americans “Indians”.a. Lincolnb. Columbusc. Washingtond. Jefferson6. The United States did not join the Second World War directly untila. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland7. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”, we are referring to .a. the Colorado River b . the Ohio Riverc. the Missouri Riverd. the Mississippi River8. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from .a. Franceb. Denmarkc. Irelandd. Germany9. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, .a. First/1774b. First /1776c. Second/1774d. Second/177610. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions11. The predecessor of the English parliament is .a. the Great councilb. the Witanc. the House of Plantagenetd. Magna Carta12. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s13. The , the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.a. Appalachiansb. Rockiesc. Blue Ridge Mountainsd. Great Smokies14. To help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the compa at a lower price in the colonies through its own people.a. coffeeb. spicec. silkd. tea15. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America16. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76317. Most Americans lived in .a. city areasb. countrysidec. mountain areasd. river valleys18. The British Parliament has a maximum duration of years.a. fourb. sixc. eightd. five19. Of the five Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the United States, is the onlyone entirely in the U. S.a. Lake Huronb. Lake Ontarioc. Lake Michigand. Lake Erie20. The Chartis ovement was officiall unchedata greatmeeting in Birmingham in ,with theaim of pressing the Pamrelnit to accept the People’s Charter.a. 1836b. 1838c. 1840d. 18421~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcbTest 41.Fanklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. southc. westd. north5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally endeda. the immigration movementb. the Civil Warc. the slave systemd. the industrialization7. About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled one fourth of the and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. tow fifths8. The Celt’s religion was .a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of , keeping them within the bo feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary12. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in .a. 200B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D.14. The Hundred Years’ War started in .a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 135715. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12, 1949 in a speech to th session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76318. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions20. At the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of.a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partiality1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccbTest 51.There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2.Magna Cartahad altogethe6r3 clausesof which themost importantmatterscouldbe seen in threeof the followingexcept _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer a ft ee th century, and the Scottish inventor________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United KA. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced againA. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans10.From 1948 to 1966 averageyearlygrowth in realspendableearningswas ______ percentin theUnited States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased ______A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abro foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liA. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Austra had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on _A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. 18%20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States, _____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. apple1.C2. B3. B4. D5. A11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. ATest 61. In America the academic year lasts nine months, from September to _____, with winter and spring vocA. JulyB. JuneC. August2. In elementary schools, courses for children include the following except _____.A. reading, writingB. social c u.r eign languagesword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. sciences, art and musicE. cooking or other manual skills3. The American teachers’ pay and prestige are _____ in comparison with the general standard of livinA. highB. lowC. almost the same4. There are over _____ universities, colleges and other institutions in the United States.A. 2,000B. 2,500C. 3,0005. Today more than _____ of all the private colleges have some kind of church connection.A. 1/3B. 1/2C. 1/56. The library in _____ was the first private library in the US.A. Harvard CollegeB. Yale Coll .geCollege of New Jersey7. The first public library was founded in 1731 in _____.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. Chicago8. At present America has more than _____ free public libraries.A. 6,000B. 5,000C. 7,0009. VOA Radio Station was established in _____.A. 1924B. 1934C. 189410. All the newspapers and magazines in America are _____ owned.A. publiclyB. privatelyC. locally11. _____ is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.A. FootballB. BasketballC. Baseball12. It was the _____ immigrants in the mid-19th century who introduced skiing into the United States.A. ScandinavianB. DutchC. French13. 101 American people won the Nobel Prize after _____.A. WWIB. Civil WarC. WWII14. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world.A. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin15. The famous story _____ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.A. “Rip Van Winkle”B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”C. “The Adventures of a German Student”16. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville17. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Sinclair Lewi . Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway18. Yale University was founded in _____.A. 1701B. 1746C. 174919. The greatest American playwright is _____.A. Arthur Mille . Eugene O’Niel C. Robert Frost20. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt Whitma . Tennessee Williams21. The most popular sport in America is _____.A. baseballB. basketballC. football22. After his death a bust of Henry Wa low was placed in the poet’s corner of _____.A. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University23. For his work, _____ was honoured “The Harlem Laureate”.A. Robert FrostB. Langston HughsC. Walt Whitman24. Arthur Ml er’s Masterpiece is _____.A. Death of a SalesmanB. The Crucibe。

英美概况复习题答案

英美概况复习题参考答案一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 阿拉斯加，夏威夷，阿拉斯加，太平，火奴鲁鲁/檀香山2．阿拉巴契亚，落基3．苏格兰，威尔士4．好莱坞，洛杉矶5．大西，英吉利，北6．大宪章7．塞文，泰晤士8．密西西比河9．大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国10．大不列颠，爱尔兰二、单项选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）三、判断题（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）四、名词翻译（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1．Church of England2．Magna Carta/ The Great Charter3．cabinet4．Declaration of Independence5．Constitution6. Mayflower7. Shadow Cabinet8. Republican Party9. Labor Party10. Supreme Court五、问答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1. 工业革命的展开和工业资本主义的发展，工人阶级力量的壮大；1832年的英国议会改革，使工业资产阶级获得了选举权，工人阶级却被排斥于议会之外；工人与资本家的矛盾日益尖锐，工人的生活悲惨；1838年，伦敦工人协会的工人领袖与议会的激进派议员共同草拟了一份请愿书，并命名为“人民宪章”。

2. 经济：生产力迅速发展；政治：巩固了资本主义各国的统治基础，引起了社会结，构的重大变革，出现两大对立阶级；生活：城市化。

人们的生活方式和价值观在逐渐变化；国际关系：密切了世界各地之间的联系，改变了世界的面貌，最终确立了资产阶级对世界的统治。

3. 北美独立战争是一个伟大的历史事件。

它推翻了英国在北美的殖民统治，使北美成为独立自主的资产阶级民主共和国；解放了美国的生产力，为美国资本主义的发展扫清了道路；在国际上，它推动了法国资产阶级革命，促进了英国的民主改革，影响了欧洲各国的资产阶级革命；它也给当时整个美洲的民族独立运动以深远的影响。

英美概况上期末复习.docx

英美概况期末复习一、名词解释1、Prime Minister 首相The Prime Minister is the number-one minister of all the British ministers. After a general election, the leader of the party that has won the majority of the seats in the House of Commons will be appointed Prime Minister by the monarch. The Prime Minister is the head of the British Government and is rather powerful in making appointments. The Prime Minister not only controls the Cabinet but also the Parliament2、British Parliament 英国议会The British Parliament comprises 3 elements --------- the Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. In law, the Monarch is the official head of the Parliament; the two House are separate and equal. In reality, the Monarch is nothing but the symbolic part, the real power in passing laws is held mainly by the House of Commons. The British Parliament has the supreme legislative authority in the United Kingdom・3、The Speaker 议长The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, who is also known as the president of the Chambe匚The Speaker is elected by the House of Commons, but normally only after the party leaders have privately agreed beforehand on a particular person. Once elected, he can hold the position until his retirement when he will be made a pee匚Though he may belong to one of the political parties, the Speaker has to give up all party loyalties. He is next only to the Prime Minister in rank. The Speaker never votes except when the votes are equal. Then he gives the deciding vote.4、Question Time 质询时间Every day when the Commons meets, they begin their meeting with a "Question Time,M which is an hour of parliamentary time after prayers and some preliminaries. During the "Question Time"ministers, in rotation, answer questions put to them on matters for which they are responsible・ The questions are put forward by MPs and usually handed in beforehand・After the "Question Time”follows the main debate of the day.5、The "Three Readings"三独The process of passing it is similar in both of the Houses. According to a long-established practice, it must have three "readings^. In the Commons, it has the "first reading9' on introduction announcing its coming forward・ After a debate on its general principles and merits, it receives the "second reading^. At the end of the debate on the "second reading^, a vote is taken. Next the bill receives the "third reading^.6、Jury陪审团A Jury is a body of responsible, impartial citizens who are called to hear evidence in a law court andbound under oath to give an honest answer based on the evidence to question put before them. A Jury normally comprises 12 jurors, but in Scotland it consists of 15 people. In the United Kingdom all people between the ages of 18 and 65 or 70 whose names are on the electoral register can be chosen to serve on a jury except the ineligible・ Their names are chosen by lot. Those who are chosen cannot refuse jury service・ The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.7、By—elections 递补选举When an MP dies or resigns, or becomes a peer, his seat in the House of Commons is vacant・ Then a by一election is held to fill the vacancy・ A by一election is a local election. It is usually regarded asa test of national opinion in the period between general elections.8、Public Schools 公立大学"Public schools二the best—known of the independent schools in Great Britain, are secondary boarding schools preparing students academically for higher education, typically at Oxford or Cambridge University and ultimately for leadership in English life.9、The "Eleven Plus"Before 1965, after having finished their primary school education, pupils had to take a traditional selection test for entry to different types of secondary schools・It became known as the “Eleven Plus” for most children entered secondary schools shor什y after their 1 l lh birthday. Those who had got high marks went to grammar schools, and the rest, by far the majority, went to technical or secondary modern schools.10、The College System 学院制The administration of the university is the responsibility taken by their own governing councils・The universities decide the matters such as the prescription of syllabi, the arrangement of lectures, the conduct of examinations, and the award of degrees but the colleges are fairly independent. They are controlled by their own governing bodies, and all the colleges are parallel and equal institutions.By this college system, all students live in college during at least part of their course・11、The Tutorial System 导师制The tutorial system is a system of individual tuition which is organized by the college・ It is a way of teaching in these two universities. By this tutorial system, each student gets personal tuition oncea week in his tutor's own room・ This, with a weekly programme of private study is considered soimportant that students are not even compelled to attend general lectures. Students are free to choose the lectures they like・ Any one from any college may attend the university lectures.12、The Redbrick Universities 红砖大学The redbrick universities refer to all universities founded between 1850and 1930. They were called "redbrick" because that was the favourite building material of the time・ The University of London and Durham University included in this group・13、The Open University 开放大学The Open University was founded in 1969. It is a major innovation in the academic world providinga second chance for those who missed the opportunity for higher education at the age of 18 orthereabouts. The Open University offers tuition to degree standard to anyone who chooses to register.Unlike students in the other universities, they pay no boarding fees for the live at home・ After the end of their studies they take an examination. The successful students are granted a university degree.14、The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)英国广播公司The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a state—owned corporation. As a public service body, the present BBC was incorporated by the Royal Charter inn 1927 replacing the then British Broadcasting Corporation, a consortium of receiving equipment manufacturers established in 1992 to provide radio broadcasting service on a regular basis. The BBC's regular television broadcasting service began in 1936・ From 1927 to 1955 the BBC remained a monopoly of radio broadcasting,and later television broadcasting in Great Britain. Now, the BBC controls five national radio services,37 local radio stations and 2 national television channels.15、U nion Jack/Union Flag 英国国旗Union Jack/Union Flag is the national banner of the United Kingdom. It contains three crosses: St.George\ Cross, standing for the English people; St. Andrew's Cross, representing the Scottish people;and St. Patrick's Cross, for the Irish people. The first design was created in the 13th century, the ultimate design was settled in 1801.16、J ohn Bull约翰牛(特指英国或者英国人)John Bull is the nickname of the United Kingdom・ It is a household word in Britain・ It represents English people・ The name came from a book The History of John Bull by a Scottish. Now John Bull is regarded as a jovial, honest, solid and foursquare^ farmer.17、B ritish Isles不列颠群岛British Isles is a geographical term- It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them・ Two countries are located there: Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland・18、O ld English 古英语Old English is also known as An gio—Saxon. It is the term given to the language in its earliest written stage dating from 700 to 1150.Old English is a blend of German dialects spoken by the An gios, the Saxo ns and the Jutes. It is different from Modern English in phonology, morphology, spelling conventions, and syntax・19、M iddle English 中世纪英语The time: Middle English covered the time span from 1150 to 1500.The importance: The Middle English era was the era in which Britain broke the firm control of the Normans and became independent from France.The features of Middle English: It underwent greater changes than both Old English and Modern English A). The long bilingual phase in English history had exerted a profound effect on the structure of English, indirectly in its morphology and syntactic practice; and directly in its vocabulary・B) The great changes in this era made English become an analytic language instead of a synthetic one. C) Standard Pronunciation took shape by the end of the 14th century・20、T he Established ChurchesThe Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state：There are two established churches™the Church of England and the Church of Scotland. 21、T he Church of EnglandThe Church of England is also called the Anglican Church. It is the national church of England.The Church of England has two provinces・Each province comprises some dioceses. A diocese is composed of many deaneries. A deanery is subdivided into many parishes.Though the Church of England is a national church, it is not financed by the state. The Church supports itself financially・It has its own properties, stocks and shares, and it receives endowment.The Church of England is Protestant in nature・22、T he Church of ScotlandIn Scotland, the established church is the Church of Scotland・ Il derived its status as the nationalchurch from The Treaty of Union 17O7.The government and nature of the Church. It is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature.The central governing body is the General Assembly, in which the monarch is represented by the Lord High commissioner.Below the General Assembly is the Court of the Synod, then comes the Court of presbytery, and fin ally the Kirk Session.23、T he Free Churches 自由教会Generally, The Free Churches refer to the non—onformist churches in England・ The members of the Free churches are the "dissenters" as they are originally called. After the reformation in the 16th century, many Protestants separated from the Church of England (because they thought that the Church of England had not completely ridded of itself of the rules and practices of the Church of Rome.) and threw away all the Roman rules and formed the free churches of their own. Now in the Free Churches there are no archbishops and bishops and the churches are bare, and services are simple・24、B ritish Cabinet 英国公民British Cabinet is a committee of important ministers, departmental or non-departmental. It came into being in the late 17th and early 18th centuries・ And it emerged out of the Privy Council when the body grew to large for effective discussion. The Cabinet today is composed of about 20 ministers headed by the Prime Ministe匚But the number of the members is not fixed. In time of emergency or in the war time, the Cabinet is usually small in order to make decisions effectively.二、填空I、 The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .2> The Union Flag is composed of 3 (St. Geonge's Cross. St. Andrew's Cross- St. Patrick's Cross)crosses,3s The national song in Britain is God Save the Oueen(Kin2)・4^ Of all four parts in Britain, Engkind is largest in area.5、The Republic of Ireland is the only land neighbour to Great Britain.6、The British Isles is composed of two big islands: Great Britain and Ireland •7^ In topography, traditionally, Great Britain is divided into two parts: a Highland Zone and a Lowland Zone ・8、The Pennines is called Backbone of England ・9、There live g peoples in Britain.10、T he pre-Celts were the Iberians and Beaker Folk •II、A part from English, Welsh and Gaelic are spoken in Britain.12、The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo—European language family.13、English is one of the even smaller divisions of Low West Germanic and it is descended from OldEnglish14^ Modern English is mainly the marriage of Anglo—Sax on and Norma n・ French ・15、Old English is also known as An21o・Saxon ・16> It is in the stage of Middle English that English became an analytic language instead of a syntheticone.17^ Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Lan^ua^c is taken as the first English dictionary.18、T oday, English is the closest thing to a “lingua franca”, an in ternational language ・19、I n the year 597 , St. Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory I to spread Christianity inEng land ・20、T here are two established churches in Britain ■一the Church of England and the Church ofScotland .21、T he Church of England is Protestant in nature・22> The Church of Scotland is Presbyterian in church government and Calvinist in doctrine.23、T he British government is usually called Her Majesty's Government ・24、T he British Prime Minister lives and works in Number 10 Downing Street .25、T he tenure of office for the British Prime Minister is 5 years ・26 > The British Cabinet emerged out of the Priv# Council .27、T he present monarch in Britain is Oucen Elizabeth II •28、T he official birthday of the Queen Elizabeth is celebrated on Thursday of the second week inJune .29、T he British Parliament I composed of 3 elements.30、T he life of British Parliament lasts 5 years,31、T he life of the British Parliament is divided into sessions •32^ The British parliament is the “Mother of Parliaments”and it is the oldest Parliament・33、The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal.34> The House of Lords is presides over by the Lord Speaker .35、T he head of Lower House in Britain is the Speaker •36、T he head of the British central government is The Prime Minister .37^ The head of state in Britain is the monarch ・38、The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.39> The Conservative Party developed from the Independent Labour Party .40、T he Labour Party is the successor of the Tories •41、T he general election in Britain is held every 5 years.42、I n each constituency a suitable person is appointed as a Returning officer , an official in charge ofa parliamentary election.43 > After general election in Britain the party in opposition forms a Shadow Cabinet .三、问答题1、Whaf the official name of Britain?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2> How many popular names do you know about the country?3・ England> Great Britain > BritainHow much do you know about the British Isles?It is a geographical term. It refers to an area including the two big islands, Great Britain and Ireland and many small islands between them and around them. Two countries are located there: GreatBritain and the Republic of Ireland.4. What is the national song of Britain? God Save the Queen/God Save the King5x How many parts does Britain contain? 4. Engla nd、Scotia nd、Wales Northern Ireland6> What is the only land neighbour of Britain? The Republic of Ireland7> Name the surrounding waters of Britain?the east: the North Sea; the south: the English Channel;the north: the Atlantic Ocean; the west: the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean8、What kind of climate does Britain have?the prevailing south-westerly wind, the numerous inlets in the western coasts9> What are the features of English weather? changeable> rainy > foggy > windy10> Where is the population in Britain concentrated? England11> Why do we say Britain is a highly urbanized nation?96 percent of the total population in Britain live in cities and towns. Only 4 percent live in ruralareas. That makes Britain an urbanized nation.12> How many peoples are there in Britain? What are they? Who are the majorities and who arethe minorities?4 peoples. The English> The Scots、The WelshThe IrishThe English is the majority； The Scots, The Welsh and The Irish are the minorities.13N Who are the ancestors of the Welsh? Who are the ancestors of the Scots? Who are the ancestors of the Irish? And who are the ancestors of the English?the Brythons> the Gaels> the Gaels、Anglo一Saxons, the Normans and other races.14.What's the official language spoken in Britain? English15> What other languages are spoken in Britain besides English? Welsh and Gaelic 16N What is the origin of English language?The English language belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.English is one of the even smaller division of Low West Germanic and is descended from Old English.17> Who and when for the first time came to Britain and spread Christianity?In 597, St. Augustine・18. Where did he choose to spread Christianity? Canterbury19> What are established churches?The Established Churches are the churches which are "legally recognized as official churches of the state”.20N H OW many established churches are there in Britain? And what are they?2 The Church of England and the Church of Scotland21> Who are the spiritual leaders of the Church of England?the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York22> What is the relation between the Monarch and the Church of England?By law, the Monarch (Sovereign) is the supreme head of the Church of England・ He is the temporal leader of the Church.23、W hat is the nature of the Church of England?The Church of Engla nd is Protesta nt in nature. Its doctrine, services and prayers are set in the Thirty—Nine Articles and The Books of Common Praye匚In addition, there are differencesbetween the High Church and the Low Church・24、W hat is the nature of the Church of Scotland?It is Calvinist (a branch of Protestantism) in nature・25> What are major Free Churches in Britain?the Methodist Church> the United Reformed Church >the Baptist Church > the Quakers and the Salvation Army.26> By whom is the Roman Catholic Church headed in Britain? The Roman Pope27.Who is the head of state in Britain? The monarch28.Who is the head of the British central government? The Prime Minister29.Where does the British Prime Minister live and work? Number 10 Downing Street30.How long is the tenure of office for the British Prime Minister? 5 years3K Who is the present monarch in Britain? Queen Elizabeth II32* When is the national day in Britain? Thursday of the second week in June・33.What elements is the British Parliament composed of ?The Monarch, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons・34.What is the major function of a jury in Britain?The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not in jury trials.35> What are the two major political parties now in Britain ?The Conservative Party and the Labour Party・36、What is the electoral method in Britain ?The electoral method is the first-past-post method or simply the majority method・37> How many British national dailies do you know?The Times> The Guardian、Financial Times、The Daily TelegraphThe IndependentDaily Express> Daily Mail. Daily Star> Morning Star> Daily Mirror> The Sun* Today38.How many British national Sundays do you know?The observer> Sunday Telegraphs The Sunday Times> The Independent on Sunday>The Mail on Sunday > News of the World> Sunday Express> Sunday Mirror> The People> Sun day Sport39.How many famous British magazines do you know?Classification> The Economists The Spectator40^ Of all news agencies in Britain, which one is the most influential? Reuters。

英美概况复习资料

英美概况复习资料1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.the Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦国家3.the European Union 欧洲联盟4.the Great Charter 英国大宪章5.the Bill of Rights 权利法案6.constitution 宪法7.constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制8.Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫9.divine right of kings 君权神授10.parliament 议会11.the Great Council大议会12.two-party system 两党制/doc/aa10228022.html,erning party执政党14.Opposition party在野党15.Prime Minister首相16.cabinet 内阁17.the common laws 普通法18.the House of Lords 上议院参议院19.the House of Commons 下议院众议院20.statute law 成文法21.conventions 习惯法22.general elections 大选23.the Conservative party 保守党24.the Labour party 劳工党25.national economy 国民经济26.Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值27.Gross National Product(GNP)国民生产总值28.G8(G8 Summit)8国首脑会议/doc/aa10228022.html,pulsory education 义务教育/doc/aa10228022.html,prehensive schools 综合学校31.gramma schools 文法学校32.vocational schools 职业学校33.Christmas 圣诞节34.Easter 复活节35.Boxing Day 节礼日36.Ramadan 斋月37.Bonfire Night 篝火之夜38.the World Trade Organisation(WTO)世界贸易组织39.the Great Dividing Range 大分水岭40.the Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁41.the Dreamtime 梦创时代42.the Dreaming 梦创信仰名词解释：1.London:London is the largest city located in the south of the country.It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways.It is cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain?s big companies.It is not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.the Anglo-Saxons:They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3.the functions of Parliament:The functions of Parliament are:to pass laws,to vote for taxation,to scrutinis government policy,administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.4.the House of Lords:The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual,who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England;and the Lords Temporal,which refers to those lords who either have inherited the sear from their forefathers or they have been appointed.The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the public.5.the House of Commons:The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.The MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.6.the importance of general elections:General elections are very important in western democracy.According to the author,they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders. 7.the formation of the government:651members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK.The party which holds a majority of those “seats”in parliament forms the government,with it?s party leader as Prime Minister.8.main sectors of the UK economyThe UK national economy can be divided into three main areas:primary industries,such as agriculture,fishing and mining;secondary industries which manufacture complex goodsfrom those primary products;and tertiary(or service) industries such as banking,insurance,tourism and the retailing.9.independent schools:Independent schools are commonly called public schools which areactually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government assistance.Independent schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty?s Inspectors of Schools.These schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.10.the Open University:The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher education for economic and social reasons.It?s open to everybody and does not demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities.Universities courses are followed through TV,videos and a net work of study centers.At the end of their study at Open Universities,successful students are awarded a universities degree.11.quality papers:They belong to one of the categories of the national dailies.The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.They also carry reviews,such as book reviews,and feature articles about high culture.These papers are also referred to as “the broadsheets”because they are printed on large-size paper.The readers of such newspapers are generally a well-educated middle class audience.12.TabloidsA tabloid is a small format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines.T abloids als lots of crime,sports and sensational human interest stories so as to attract readers.Stories are short,easy to read and often rely more on opinions than fact.They belong to a category of national papers different from quality papers.13.”football hooligans”:”Football hooligans”reflect the violence associated with football.While al social classes used to join in the local football match,it was regarded as being not all suitable for gentlemen.Visitors from abroad sometimes complained about stumbling into the midst of a rough and dangerous game when walking the streets of London,while local householders and merchants were troubled by having their windows broken by stray footballs.Drinking hard went along with playing hard.Today,violence is still associated with football.”Football hooligans” are supporters of rival teams.They sometimes clash before,during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town,breaking windows and beating each other up.14.the Great Famine:The Great Famine took place from 1845-1848 when successive potato crops failed and many people of Ireland starved to death,or died of the diseases which preyed on malnutrition.Many left the country for the NewWorld.The Great Famine became a watershed in Irish history,not merely because there was mass starvation and emigration,but also because the British government appeared to be indifferent to the fate of the poorest people in its nearest colony.Naturally this period is characterized by campaigns fornational independence and land reform.15.checks and balances:The Irish system of government is based on the American principle of “checks and balances”:that is, the power of the executive branch of government can be checked by the legislature(the two houses of parliament) and by the judiciary,through courts which interpret the laws.Enforcement is also part of the role of the courts of law,and is actually carried out by the police force.Both the legal system and the police force are conceived of as independent of political influence.16.the dreaming.;The dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups together.The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land.The people don?t own the land,instead the land owns the people.The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide principles of how people should live and interact with each other.They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatingenvironment.17.Terra Nullius:Terra Nullius is from Latin.It means a land that is owned by no one.The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous people?s land.It served to their taking possession of the land and devalued the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.18.Ireland?s accession to the EU:Ireland?s accession to EU in 1971 has provided the followingbenefits to Ireland:1)EU?s funds for agriculture,/doc/aa10228022.html,cation.etc;2)Mobility of Irish people to the other EU countries;3)Further opening up of the Ireland marked and its accession to the EU markets;4)Faster economic development;growing wealth of the Irish people;5)Woman?s equal rights through EU laws.19.The Celtic Tiger:简答题Unit 11.描述英国在世界上的地理位置（东南西北分别是什么国家）Describe the geographical position of BritainBritain is an island country. It is surrounded by the sea. It lies inthe north Atlantic Ocean off thenorth coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the southand the North Sea in the east.Unit 22.描述英国人的性格孤傲(exclusiveness) ;保守(conservativeness ) ;polite独居(privacy)和个人自由(individualism) ;humor3.英国气候Rainy;changeable;unpredictable;mild;fogs;dampUnit 31. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?There are some characters in the Britain Constitutional Monarchy:1. The monarch is primarily to symbolize the traditional and unity of the British state. The Queen reigns but does not rule. And she is legally head of the executive and judiciary branches, an integral part of the legislature, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supremegovernor” of the Church of England2. Parliament becomes the country authority centre, which have right to pass laws, bills and acts of Parliament, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government and so on.3. The king must believe in Established Church (being that person succeeds to the throne not to be that Prod), catholic or same catholic get married.Until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were an executive monarch, which means that they had he right make and pass legislation. But even in early time there were occasions when the Sovereign had to act in accordance with the law and take into account the will of the paper. With the signing Magna Charta in 1215, for example, the leading noblemen of England succeeded in forcing King John to accept that they and other freemen had rights against the Crown.In 17th century,the Stuart kings propagated the theory of the divine right of kings, claiming that the Sovereign was subject only to God and not to the law. Widespread unrest against their rule led to civil war in t he second half of the 17th century. In 1688-1689Parliamentarians drew up the Bill of Rights, which established basic tenets such as the supremacy of Parliament. The constitutional monarchy we know today really developed i n the 18th and 19th centuries, asday-to-day power came to beexercised by Ministers in Cabinet, and by Parliaments elected by a steadily-widening electorate.2.为何现代社会英国人仍保留君主立宪制？Unit42. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?Unit 5Main sectors of the UK economy（1）National economies can be broken down into three main areas：primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining,Second-ary industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary produets;And tertiary industuies often described as services, such as banking, insuranc, tourism, and the selling of goods.Unit 71. What are the purposes of the British education system?please comment on these purposes.what are the main purposes of theChinese education system?Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society,But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialise childrenChina；To pass the examsTo let everyone accepts education, have knowledge and skills tomake lifeTo get a good job and make moneyTo be able to cope with life on the wholeTo improve students? qualityCompulsory ——(1)Both the UK and China have compulsory education.(2)The general education systems in two countries are quite similar. They both have primary schooling, secondary and university education.(3)Both countries have vocational schools providing study and trainingfor those who want to follow a certain career insteadof seeking university education. differences——Chinese Education System and Western Education System have their own advantages and disadvantages.Chinese emphasizes foundational knowledge whereasWestern thinks highly of creativeness.Teaching Philosophy(1)the main concept of education(2)In Britain,education aims to develop individual abilities. But in China, we always kill students?ability of creation and imagination to some degree.Teaching Method(1)In Britain, t heir homework doesn?t have a unified right answer. If the answers given by students are reasonable, marks will be given. while in China, the knowledge we learn most have little relationship with our own life, they…re more basic courses .2.How does the British education system reflect social class?Unit 91.The author says tha t “the media are central to Britishleisureculture”, why does the author say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the British media and the Chinese media?(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The thirdmost popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2)similarities:Firstly, like British Media, the role that ChineseMedia plays has become more and moreimportant.Secondly, both the two media have someorganizations which are dominant and influential.Thirdly, British Media and Chinese Media areaccelerating integration of the traditional mediaand IT.Differences: Paper media in the UK is still a huge industry no matter at present or in future. But in China, moreand more people begin to rely on Internet andhanging around online even with nothing at all todo.In addition, British Media has more freedom than theirChinese colleagues to criticize politic.Unit 101.How do the British celebrate Christmas? In what waydoes this holiday and the ways of celebration in Britain reflect western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular?(1)Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments. (2)there are some “Christian” traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plant like holly and ivy.Nowadays,Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards,preparing holiday foods,and decorating homes and workplaces with colored lights,Christmas trees .Besides there are three Christmas traditions which are particular British:one is the Christmas Pantomime,a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition is Boxing Day,which falls on the day after Christmas.Traditionally,it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.Unit 111.北爱尔兰与爱尔兰共和国的区别1).Northern Ireland is a province of the UK,the Republic of Ireland is an independent nation in its own right.2)The area covering the Republic of Ireland is 5 times of that ofNorthern Ireland.3)Most of the people in Northern Ireland are Protestants while the majority of the people in the Republic are Catholics.2.What are some of the features of Ireland's geographyUnit 121.describe the structure of the Irish government2.What is the responsibilities of the Irish government.Unit 151. What are the unique features of the Australian continent?答：Isolated from other major land masses, Australia?s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent.2. What is the impact of the assimilation policy on the indigenous people? 同化政策对本土人民的影响是什么？答：The missionaries on the “protected reserves” set out destroy the culture of the Dreaming and to replace it with Christianity. As the children grew to adulthood many of them had lost both their families and their culture. They were employed as domestic servants or on cattle stations .Young Aboriginal women were continually at risk of rape. Aboriginal people were excluded from the social ,the political ,the education ,the health services and other aspects. Racism was anentrenched part of Australian culture until the 1960s and operated at the personal and institutional level.诺曼征服的影响1)Relation with the Continent were opened,and civilization and commerce were extended.2)Norman -French culture,language,manners,and architecture were introduced.3)The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome,and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.4)The Norman Conquest was one of the most decisive events in English history,which caused a fundamental change in the way of life of English people.工业革命的定义The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.。

英美概况况复习题

Chapter 1 Geography and Population1. Where are the UK and the USA respectively located?2. What are the similarities and differences in the physiographical features between the UK and the USA?3. What are the major rivers and mountains in the UK and the USA?4. What is the possible significance of the geography of the USA to the development of the economy in the country?5. Which, geography or human beings, is more important in the development of a country? Justify your point of view.6. Compare the population of the UK with that of the USA. (e.g. composition, distribution, etc.)7. Compare London with Washington D.C.8. Who were the natives in the UK and in the USA?9. What are similarities and differences of concentration of population in the UK and the USA? Chapter 2 History1. Compare the beginnings of the UK with those of the USA.2. How did the Normans establish the first House in Britain?3. Why was it important to discover America?4. How and why did the Puritans come to North America?5. How did France, Spain and England divide North America after the discovery of America?6. What were the conflicts between England and American colonists?7. What are the contents of the Magna Carta? What is its nature?8. What is the nature of the Hundred Y ears’ War? What are the consequences?9. Why could the Industrial Revolution first take place in the UK?10. How did the Wars of the Roses proceed?11. What led to the outbreak of the War of American Independence?12. What is the significance of the American Civil War?13. What are the causes of the First World War?14. What roles did the UK and the USA play in the Second World War?15. Why did the USA experience the six economic crises while the UK did not?16. What did the UK nationalization mean and why was there nationalization in the UK?17. Why was the UK no longer a world major power after the Second World War and what did the labour government try to do in order to catch up?18. What is the real problem of the Northern Ireland and what is your suggestion of solution to the problem?19. Why does the USA remain an economic power in the world?20. When and how did the Civil Rights Movement happen in the USA and what is its significance?21. Why was there a Cold War after the Second World War? What is its consequence? What lesson can we draw from it?Chapter 3 Political Systems1. What is the political system of the UK? What is the political system of the USA? Compare them.2. Comment on “She (the Queen) reigns but she does not rule.”3. Why do we say that “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are thereal law-makers”?4. What is the essence of the political system in both the UK and the USA?5. How does a bill become an act, or a law in the UK and in the USA?6. Why do the British value their opposition party?7. Why do the British exercise the two-party system?8. Who cannot vote in the British general election and why?9. What are the serious disadvantages in the British general election? What do you think of them?10. What are the disadvantages of the primary election in the USA?11. What is “the winner-take-all” principle?12. Compare the British party system with the American party system igogo and the principlesChapter 4 Economy and Foreign Relations1. What is the difference between the function of nationalization in the UK and the function of government support in the USA?2. Why couldn’t US economy avoid economic crises?3. What are the features of the UK economy and the features of the US economy respectively? What is the difference between them?4. Make a contrast between the agriculture in the UK and that in the USA.5. Compare the industry in the UK with that in the USA.6. What are the uses of corn in the US and why do the Americans use corn as forage as well?7. Why do the Americans have the agricultural belts?8. What are the characteristics of the British trade?9. What are the striking contrasts between trade in the UK and that in the USA?10. What is the function of the UK in the European Union?11. What is the function of the UK in the NA TO?12. Comment on the relation between the USA and Russia.13. Comment on the relation between the USA and the UK.14. Comment on the relation between the USA and the PRC.15. Why was there the Cold War?Chapter 5 Culture1. What are the problems of the British science?2. Why did the American science develop so quickly?3. What are the contributions that the UK has made in science?4. In what fields does the USA take the lead in modern sciences?5. What are the three symbols of technology?6. Compare the elementary education of the UK with that of the USA.7. Compare the secondary education of the UK with that of the USA.8. Make a contrast between the higher education in the UK and that of the USA.9. Make a contrast between the public school in the UK and the private school at the high school level in the USA.10. What does “middle school” mean to an American?11. Do you like “tutorial system” in the UK? Why or why not?12. Compare BBC with NBC.13. Make a comparison between the broadcasting system in the UK and that in the USA.14. What are the features of the British press? Why is there no censorship of the British press?15. Make a contrast between the Reuters and the Associated Press?16. Why could the USA broadcast and televise the trans-Atlantic news after 1965?17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of television. (??? – icywarmtea)18. Why is cricket regarded as the most English of games?19. What is the British sportsmanship? How do you like it?20. Who introduced bowling into the USA? What do you think of it?21. What are the popular sports in the UK and in the USA? Compare them.22. What is an anthem? What is the difference between an anthem and a song?23. How do you like the deleted stanza in God Save the Queen? Why do you think so?24. What do you think of the rhyming in the national anthem of the USA?25. Compare the national anthem of the UK with that of the USA.26. Why do the British use Jack as part of the name of the national flag of the UK?27. Why do the Americans use stars and stripes as the symbols of the USA?Chapter 6 Social Life and Religion1. What are the shared customs in the UK and in the USA?2. What are the customs which only the USA possesses?3. What are the customs which only the UK has?4. How do yerror Royal Traditions?5. Why do the British people like to talk about the weather?6. Comment on the “Self-Made” man.7. What holidays are shared holidays both in the UK and in the USA?8. What holidays are the holidays that only the UK celebrates?9. What holidays does the USA celebrate only?10. Compare the Hyde Park in the UK with the Y ellowstone National Park in the US.11. What is the feature of Madame Tussaud’s?12. Why is the New Y ear’s Day celebration different in England and in Scotland?13. Why is it difficult and elastic to describe the social life in the UK and in the US?14. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the UK?15. What are the five aspects in the explanation of the social life in the USA? How do you like the aspects in terms of the social life in the UK and in the USA respectively?16. Why is the rate of divorce in the US high? Can you make some comments on this issue?17. How do you treat the gap between the poor and the rich?18. What are the main features of the British worship?19. Can you make a contrast between the features of American worship and those of British worship?20. What is the British worship in general?21. What is the American worship? Is there any similarity or difference between the British worship and the American worship?22. Can you say something about the problems of religion in the USA?how many metropolitan areas does England have? 英国有几个主要城市？A: seven. 七个2、what is the backbone of England? 英国的“脊柱“是什么？A: the pennines.奔宁山脉(位于英国北部) 3、from what languages is english derived? A:english is mainly derived the anglo-saxon and norman-french languages. A.英语主要起源于盎格鲁撒克逊语及法国诺而曼语。

《英美概况》试题(附答案)word文本

英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。

英美概况期末考试复习资料

《英美概况》期末考试复习资料Explanation of termsThe Easter Rebellion of 1916: In 1916, Irish nationalists, with German aid, staged an armed rebellion in Dublin, which marked the beginning of Irish War of Independence.Euroscepticism: a general term for opposition to the process of European Integration.Europeanism: the concept of, or assertion, that the people of Europe have a distinct collective cultural identity within the larger context of Western culture, where the culture and politics of United States often dominatesBaby Boom: A sudden, large increase in the birthrate, especially the one in the United States after World War II from 1947 through 1961. Megalopolis : a small set of great constellations of polycentric urban zones, each complexly interlocked socially and physically with its neighbors.The Cold War：the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. Hate CrimesWords or actions motivated by the race, religion, ethnicity or sexual bias of the victim.American DreamA phrase connoting hope for prosperity and happiness, symbolized particularly by having a house of one’s own. At first ap plied to the hopes of immigrants, the phrase now applies to all except the very rich and suggests a confident hope that one’s children’s economic and social condition will be better than one’s own.William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.Answering questionsWhat is the relationship between the British parliament and the cabinet?(1)The parliament is sovereign in legislative which examines and controls the cabinet.(2)The cabinet is responsible to the parliament.(3)Once losing the support of the parliament(getting a vote of no confidence), the cabinet has to either resign or suggest the monarch to dissolve the parliament and hold the General election ahead of schedule.Talk about the checks and balance between the three branches of American government.(chapter 9 PPT Page44-45)the president v.s. Congress:1.Only when the president signs, can a proposed law be put into effect. The president can veto it, but if 2/3 of Congress members vote in favor of it, the law will be passed.2.Only when the Senate approves, can the president make foreign treaties and appoint government officials.3.Congress can appropriate money and levy taxes.4.The president shall report to Congress annually----the president’s State of Union address.5.Congress can impeach and remove the president.6.The president is not responsible to Congress, but to the voters. Members of Congr ess or government officials can’t hold office in both branches. The president has no right to dissolve Congress.Congress v.s. the courts1.If the Supreme Court confirms a passed law as unconstitutional, the lawwill be no longer in effect.2.Congress can impeach the judges, create lower federal courts. President v.s. the courts1.The president appoints the justices of the Supreme Court, can grant pardons to federal offenders (impeachment excluded), meanwhile the justices hold office for life unless impeached.2.The Supreme Court can declare the president’s executive order invalid if it considers the order as unconstitutional.The Norman Conquest’s consequencesThe Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history.a. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.b. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.c. After Norman invasion, a variant of Old English (a variety of Germanic dialects) was developed without many word changes and with a large number of new vocabulary from Latin, French and Old English.d. The king was bound by the feudal customs and the common law.e. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. But this was also the beginning of the centuries’long struggle between the English king and the Pope.Talk about the Wars of the Roses and their influences.The War of the Roses refers to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory in 1485 and put the country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.Talk about the content and significance of the New Deal.The New Deal was a program of “Relief, Recovery and Reform” for a series of economic and social changes in the US.Its goals were to help people who had lost their jobs or their property as a result of the Great Depression, to fund farmers and form a framework of public works.It laid the foundation for a national system of old-age, unemployment and disability insurance.The New Deal was a major turning point in American history by establishing the federal government’s strong role in the nation’s economic affairs.Explain ThatcherismMrs. Thatcher firmly believed in self-reliance and privatization. Her polices are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It includes the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the reduction of taxes, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. Under her leadership politics in the UK became much more right-wing.Talk about the influence of the Vietnam War on the US.The Vietnam War had profound effects on American society and US foreign policy.The war had polarized many of America’s young people who increasingly become more disillusioned and radical during the war.As public distrust of the government’s foreign policy increased, Americans showed growing concern over the neglected areas of domestic policy. Inflation, the direct result of the cost of the Vietnam War, was the worst the nation had experienced since WWII.The war had adverse effects for the US internationally as well. While the US devoted billions of dollars annually to military expenditures, the Japanese economy developed at an unprecedented rate. European nations doubted America’s reliability, and revolutionary leaders in the developing nations mocked America’s policies.。

英美概况复习题

英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。

英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。

英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。

二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。

英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。

美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。

美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。

英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。

美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。

美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。

四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。

英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。

美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。

美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。

五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。

英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。

英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。

美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。

美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。

六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。

英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。

美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。

8-10149-英美概况复习题

8-10149-英美概况复习题2008 级机场应⽤英语英美概况复习题2010 年4 ⽉⼀、英国历史部分1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B3. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 10354. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end5. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising6. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet7. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow8. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet9. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia10. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria11. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin12. _____ b roke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War13. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon14. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryFill in the Blanks1. The real Roman conquest began in _____.2. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.3. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.4. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.5. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.6. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.7. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.8. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.9. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.10. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.⼆、美国历史部分1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard3. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York4. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17145. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights6. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as thecapital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia7. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston8. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison9. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B10. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond11. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern12. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and BFill in the Blanks1. It was _____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2. The New World was named after _____ Vespucci.3. The Indians living in America are all _____ skinned and dark-haired.4. The War of _____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.5. In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____.6. On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was accepted by the American Congress.7. The first English colony was _____.8. The U.S. bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.9. The famous novel “_____ _____ _____” by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.10. America participated in the Second World War in the year _____.三、英国地理部分1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England5. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey6. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales7. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes8. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith9. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30010. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. westernFill in the Blanks1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.5. The most important river is the River of _____.6. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milderthan that of many places in the same latitude.7. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.8. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.9. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.10. The capital city of Wales is _____.四、美国地理部分1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan3. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky4. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron5. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific6. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska7. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth8. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansFill in the Blanks1. The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2. The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.3. To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4. To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5. The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.6. The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of Columbia.7. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.8. The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.9. _____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.五、英国政治部分1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament3. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five4. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6355. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council6. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown7. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerFill in the Blanks1. The present sovereign is _____ _____.2. Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _____.3. The British Parliament consists of three elements – the _____, the House of _____, and the House of _____.4. The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he House of _____.5. The House of Lords is also called the _____ House, the House of Commons the _____ House.6. The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the _____ _____.7. The electoral districts of UK are called _____.8. The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _____ _____ _____.9. The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.10. The whole of the UK is divided into _____ electoral districts.六、美国政治部分1. The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2. The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 33. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4. _____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. Congress5. The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkey6. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7. The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealth8. The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’s committee9. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25填空题:1. Only the _____ _____ has the right to interpret the constitution.2. Each of the fifty states of US elects _____ senators.3. The Federal Constitution consists of _____ articles and _____ amendments.4. The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of _____ and _____”.5. The official presidential residence is the _____ _____.6 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the _____ and the House of _____.7. In the US the chief function of _____ is to make laws.8. There are _____ members in the Senate.9. According to the _____, the president should be a citizen born in the US territory.10. The two main parties are the Democratic and the _____ Party.七、英美教育填空题:1.The two oldest universities in Britain are __________and ___________.2. Tony Blair studied in __________ University.3. The University of London was founded in ________.4. ______________ courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a network of study centers.5. There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are __________, ____________,and _____________.6. The fourth oldest university in the United States is _____________.7. MIT refers to a name of a university, it is ___________________.选择题：1. William Shakespeare, Britain’s greatest writer went to a _____ school.(a) comprehensive (b) grammar(c) technical (d) independent2. The only independent university in Britain is ________.(a) Buckingham University (b) The University of London(c) The University of Oxford (d) The University of Cambridge3. The University of Cambridge was founded in _______.(a) 1836 (b) 1284(c) 1167 (d) 10964. The students of the universities in the second year are called ________.(a) junior (b) sophomore(c) freshman (d) senior5. An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of______in order to receive a degree at the end of four years study.(a) credits (b) grades(c) scores (d) classes6. ________is the third oldest institution of higher education in the United States.(a) Harvard University (b) Yale University(c) MIT (d) Princeton University。

英美概况考试题目及答案

英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。

答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。

答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。

答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。

答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。

答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。

答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。

答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。

英美概况解答题复习资料

英美概况解答题复习资料英美概况解答题1.Why is the climate of Britain much milder than of many places in the same latitude?a.The climate of Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream.b.It is influenced by the west wind belt, which blow over the country all the year round andbring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean.c.Topography of Great Britain .Britain is surrounded by seawaters, which can balance theseasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.2. What are the characteristics of the British economy?a. Britain is one of the world’s most advanced manufacturing and trading nations.b. Its currency, the pound sterling, is the exchange currency for ab out one third of the world’sforeign trade.c. the British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized.d. British agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country’s basic needs, andtherefore part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported..e. the British labour force is remarkably homogeneous.3. Why do British people think of themselves as Englishmen, Scotsmen, Welshmen andIrishmen, not as Britons?The British people have a way of living together without really doing so, that is peculiarly British. In normal times they take the national division very much for granted. They have their own way traditions. For example, Scotland has its own national church and its own system of law. Wales possesses a language and a culture of its own.4.What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?a.The Norman Conquest caused important consequences. It increased the process offeudalism.b.William the Conqueror established a strong monarchy in England.c.In 1086 William the Conqueror had his officials go through England and make a generalsurvey of the land, known as the Domesday Book.d.After the conquest William retained most of the old English customs of government.e.The Norman Conquest also brought about changes in church.f.Along with the Normans came the French language.5.In what ways did Henry II consolidate the monarchy?a.Henry II took some measures to consolidate the monarchy. Firstly, he carried out a seriesof reforms to strengthen his power. He strengthened the Great Council .But the most important step is that the Royal powers of justices were greatly expanded.b.As for administration, the major reform of his reign was the Inquest of Sheriffs in 1170.c.In 1181 Henry issued the “Assize of Arms”.d.Henry II wanted to restore the relationship between churchand state that had existedunder the Norman kings.6.What were the comments and the nature of the Great Charter?Comments: (1)The king was not to exact extra payments from the feudal vassals (or towns) without their consent;(2)that laws were not to be modified by arbitrary action of the king;(3)if the king should attempt to free himself from the law, the vassals had the right to force the king to obey it, by civil war or by otherwise.Nature: (1)The Great Charter was essentially a feudal document.(2)It had a progressivesignificance.(3)The basic mass of peasantry, who constituted five-sixths of the population was not taken into consideration.7.Where is the UK located?It is located in northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark.8.What do you know about the Roman influence on Britain?The Roman occupation lasted for almost 350 years. The resulting growth of its civilization was more obvious in urban areas than among the agricultural peasants and weakest in the resistant zone. In the southeastern part the Romans influenced life and culture radically. The English upper classes were thoroughly romanized and transformed into Roman landlords and officials. Y et the Romans came to govern and to trade, not to settle; and they were too few in number to change the language and customs of the people as they did in France and Spain.Some of the native people became slaves of the Romans; true slave society was introduced into England.9.Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?(1)The English Parliament originated in the Great Council;(2)the main purpose of the king’ssummoning parliament was to get consent for taxation;(3)Henry III extended the membership of parliament;(4)Henry hop ed that with Rome’s help he could defeat the lords and their charter;(5)the barons rose up in opposition under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, the king’s brother-in-law, they forced him to dismiss his foreign advisers and to accept their own council of advisers instead;(6)in 1264 Montfort defeated the royal army at Lewes and took the king prisoner. In the following year, he called Parliament. The parliament of 1265 which is known as the “All Estates Parliament”is generally considered the “beginning of parliament”.10. The reasons of the Hundred Y ear’s War:a. the claim of Edward III to be the rightful King of Franceb. the real causes were deeper and more complex, because of lands(territory)c. the economic interests of England and France clashed in Flandersd. the English national identity had taken shape faster than that of France11. The reasons of Wat T yler’s Rising:a. the conditions of the peasants were not improved, the villeins struggled for full freedom.b. the government of Edward III and the Parliament issued orders and passed statutes(“Statutes of Labourers ”). This aroused a general hatred against the ministers, lawyers, and landlords.c. lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th centuryd. all of those led to the rising of 1381. it was precipitated by the collection of the Poll Tax.The third collection in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of the rising12. What do you know about the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses?Nature: it was a feudal civil war, the war of power and wealth and at last for possession of the Crown between the Lancastrians and the Y orkists.Consequence: the wars of the Roses lasted 30 years and ended in 1485 with the accessions of Henry Tudor as Henry VII, the founder of the Tudor Monarchy. The ending of the Wars of the Roses was seen as the ending of the Middle Ages in European history andthe beginning of the modern world history.13. How did Henry VII strengthen his monarchy?1. Henry VII first confined his rival---Edward.2. He also promised pardon to those who had stood on the side on the side of the House ofY ork .3. In 1486 Henry married Elizabeth of Y ork, thus uniting the rival Houses of Y ork andLancaster.4. Henry faced four separate armed rebellions, but all of them were put down.5. He arranged his son’s and daughters’marriages in sucha way to strengthen his positionabroad and prevent help being given to claimants to hiscrown.14. What are the reasons of the Reformation?1. The Church of the Middle Ages had not been only a religious body; it had been a politicaland legal power as well.2. The greed and laziness of the Church was hindering the social and political progress ofEngland.3. Henry VIII wanted to exalt his own authority in the Church as well as in the State.4. The Parliament, which represented the interests of the bourgeoisie, supported him.5. The lower classes also took its side in the Reformation because of their hatred towards theChurch .6. Even many honest leaders of the Church itself were in favour of its reform.7. The external pretext for the Reformation was Henry VIII’s divorce case.15. What do you know about the English Renaissance?“Renaissance” means “rebirth”--- Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome. It was a cultural movement. They were disintegrating movements, but also liberating ones, and they were consistently related, by cause and effect, to liberating movement in politics, commerce, and society in every country. The thinkers, who worked for freedom and enlightenment, were called “humanists”. The greatest English humanist was Sir Thomas More, who wrote his masterpiece Utopia. The English Renaissance was largely literary, William Shakespeare was the greatest dramatist of the age. Thelate part of the Renaissance in England was also the period of materialism, whose progenitor, according to Marx, was Francis Bacon.16. What’s the nature of the conflict between Catholicism and the English Church?The struggle between the English Church and Catholicism was essentially a struggle between the new “nobility” of money and bourgeoisie on the one hand and the remains of feudalism on the other.17. What’s the means of primitive accumulation of capital?a. Enclosure Movementb. foreign tradec. colonial plunderd. slave trade18. What’s the importance of English Revolution?a. the English Revolution is an epoch-making event in the history of the world.b. It concluded the medieval period – the period of feudalism, and marks the beginning of themodern period – the period of capitalism.c. It paved the way for the rapid growth of capitalism in England.19. What do you know about Oliver Cromwell?He was the leader of the Independents during the British Bourgeois Revolution. In the Civil War he led his new army “New Model Army”and defeated the king’s army. In 1649 he signed to executed Charles I and established Commonwealth. He suppressed the Diggers. In August 1649, Cromwell confiscated the land of the “rebels”, and drove the Irish to the poor p art ofthe island. He also defeated Scottish army. In 1653 Parliament was dissolved and Cromwell was made Lord Protector for life and started his military dictatorship openly. The Commonwealth became the Protectorate. He died in 1658.20. What do you know about the development of Foreign Affairs?Foreign trade was further developed. The wool trade continued to enjoy prosperity. In addition to this, silk articles were exported to the Continent and cotton goods to the West Indies and the American colonies. The slave trade increased after the middle of the 17th century. England first became a sea power in the time of Elizabeth. The big problem after Anne’s accession (1702) was the relationship with Spain and France and the country was mainly taken up with the war against the two against the two countries for the first eight years of her reign.21. What consequences did the agricultural revolution have?1) The adoption of new methods and enclosure of land encouraged the development ofcapitalist farming. 2) As a result there was the appearance ofa labour reserve. 3) It helped the expansion of domestic market.4) These were essential conditions for stimulating the Industrial Revolution.22. What are the consequences of the Industrial Revolution?The Industrial Revolution was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the “factory of the world”. A factory system was established. Workers were employed and managers became capitalists.Two conflicting classes were born.。

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2008级机场应用英语英美概况复习题2010年4月一、英国历史部分1.Julius Caesar invaded Britain ____ .A. onceB. twiceC. three times2.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the Sth century came from ____ .A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B3.Norman Conquest began in _____ .A. 1016B. 1066C. 10354.In the early 14th century feudalism began to ____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end5.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known asA. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years9 WarC. Peasant Uprising6.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of ____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet7.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of ____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow8.William Shakespeare is mainly a ____ .A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet9.In 1337 the hostility between England and ______ resulted in the Hundred Years5 War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia10.England first became a sea power in the time of _____ .A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria11.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was ___ •A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin12. ____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years9 War with France.13.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was ____ .A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon14.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryFill in the Blanks1.The real Roman conquest began in ____ .2.Duke William was known in history as William the ____ •3.Along with the Normans came the ____ language.4.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the ____ and the ____ .5.By the treaty of ____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.6.The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a __________ wa匸7.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the __________ was defeated by English ships.8- During the Civil Wars (1642 一1648) the supporters of Parliament were called____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____ .9.The first two parties appeared in England were the ____ and the _____ .10.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a ____ •二、美国历史部分1.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in ____ .A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____ •A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard3- The First Continental Congress was held in ____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York4.The American War of Independence started in ____ and ended in _____ •A. 1776, 1784B.1775, 1783C.1706, 17145.The first ten amendments, known as _____ , were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights6.After the Federal Government was established, the city _______ was chosen as thecapital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia7.____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston8.____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison9.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the ______ , which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B10.The Battle of ____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond11.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located ____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern12.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including______ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and BFill in the Blanks1.It was ____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2.The New World was named after ____ Vespucci.3.The Indians living in America are all ____ skinned and dark-haired.4.The War of ____ b roke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.5.In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____ •6.On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was accepted by the American Congress.7.The first English colony was _____ •8.The US bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.9.The famous novel “__________________ by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.10.America participated in the Second World War in the year ____ .三、英国地理部分1.The total area of the UK is ______ •A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____ ・A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in ____ .A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC・ England5.London is situated on the River of ____ ・A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey6.Edinburgh is the capital of ____ .A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales7.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except ____ .A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes8.The capital city of Northern Ireland is ____ •A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith9.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about ____ B.C.A. 410B.750C. 30010.Scotland occupies the ____ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. westernFill in the Blanks1.The U.K. is situated in ____ Europe.2.The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _________ and・3.The U.K. consists of England,_____ , _____ and Northern Ireland.4.The capital of England and of Great Britain is ____ .5.The most important river is the River of _____ .6.The climate of Britain is moderated by the ________________ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.7.The population of the UK consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the8.The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____ .9.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of10.The capital city of Wales is ____ •四、美国地理部分1.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2.Among the five Great Lakes, only ____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan3.The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount_____ .A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky4.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of ____ .A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron5.Hawaii is in the ____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific6.____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska7.The United States today is the _____ l argest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth& The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansFill in the Blanks1.The United States is situated in the ____ part of ______America.2.The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by ______ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.3.To the west of America lies the ____ Ocean.4.To the east of America lies the ____ Ocean.5.The ____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.6.The United States includes _______ states and a ______ district, the District of Columbia.7.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of ____ and the United States.& The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.9. ____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.五、英国政治部分1.The British Monarchy is ____ •A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2.The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament3.The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ y ears-A. fourB. sixC. five4.The House of Commons consists of _______ members who are elected from the ____ electoral districts.A.651,651B.535,535C. 635,6355.The __________ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council6.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown7.It is the _____ w ho organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerFill in the Blanks1.The present sovereign is _________ •2.Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, ____ •3.The British Parliament consists of three elements 一the ___ , the House of _____ , and the House of ____ .4.The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he House of _____ •5.The House of Lords is also called the ______ House, the House of Commons the ____ House.6.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the __________ .7.The electoral districts of UK are called _____ .8.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _______________ •9.The two major parties in Britain are the ____ Party and the _____ P arty.10・ The whole of the UK is divided into __ electoral districts-六、美国政治部分1.The Judicial Branch is headed by ____ .A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. President2.The general election in America is held every ____ years.A. 5B.4C. 6D. 33.The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____ .A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagle4.____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC・ President D. Congress5.The symbol of the US Republic Party is ____ .A. tiger B・ elephant C. donkey6.The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____ .A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____ .C. the traditionD. the wealth& The law・making or the legislative body in the government is ___ .A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC・ the Cabinet D. the president^ committee9. The members in the Senate must be at least ________ years old and those in the Representative _____ y ears old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25填空题：1.Only the __________ has the right to interpret the constitution.2.Each of the fifty states of US elects ____ senators.3.The Federal Constitution consists of ____ articles and _____ amendments.4.The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and this is called the “System of ____ and _____ 二5.The official presidential residence is the __________ ・6 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the ________ and the House of7.In the US the chief function of ____ is to make laws.8.There are ____ members in the Senate.9.According to the ____ , the president should be a citizen born in the US territory.10.The two main parties are the Democratic and the ____ Party.七、英美教育填空题：1 .The two oldest universities in Britain are _________ a nd __________ •2.Tony Blair studied in __________ U niversity.3.The University of London was founded in ________ ・4._____________ courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, videos and a network of study centers.5.There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are __________ ， __________ ,and •6.The fourth oldest university in the United States is ____________ ・7.MIT refers to a name of a university, it is __________________ •选择题：1.William Shakespeare, Britain^ greatest writer went to a ____ school.(a) comprehensive (b) grammar(c) technical (d) independent2.The only independent university in Britain is _______ •(a) Buckingham University (b) The University of London(c) The University of Oxford (d) The University of Cambridge3.The University of Cambridge was founded in _______ .(a) 1836 (b) 1284(c) 1167 (d) 10964.The students of the universities in the second year are called _______ •(a) junior (b) sophomore(c) freshman (d) senior5.An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of _____ in order to receive adegree at the end of four years study.(a) credits (b) grades(c) scores (d) classes6. _______ i s the third oldest institution of higher education in the United States.(a) Harvard University (c) MIT (b) Yale University (d) Princeton University。