蟑螂抗药性分析

×市德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性测定

Determination of the resistance Blattella gemanica to commonly used pesticides in Tianjin WANG Wei, WU Tong-yu, ZHANG Yong-mei, LI Pei-yun, HAO Lian-yi, ZHANG Jing.

Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011,China

Abstract：Objective To determine the current resistance of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)to commonly used pesticides in Tianjin, providing the evidence for better cockroaches control. Methods The residual film method recommended by WHO was applied to measure the median knockdown time (KT

50

) for German cockroaches. Batches of German cockroaches are respectively exposed to 5 insecticide residues （dichlorovos, acephate,propoxur,betacypermethrin and permethrin）in glass jars and observed to determine their rate of knockdown.

Resistance ratios were calculated as RR

50=KT

50

of the test strain ÷KT

50

of the

susceptible strain. Results The KT

50

for field-collected German cockroaches in

Nankai, Jingnan, Hexi, Tanggu, Dongli,Xiqing,and Beichen were

6.15,6.49,8.37,8.22,

7.84,9.29 and 12.40 min to dichlorovos respectively, and 74.28,65.36,29.52,30.23,30.67,5

8.64 and 33.08 min to acephate respectively, and 24.97,40.63,27.17,24.43,40.73,42.44 and 40.91 min to propoxur, respectively; the

RR

50

of tested German cockroaches to dichlorovos, acephate and propoxur were all

lower than 3. The KT

50

to betacypermethrin for field populations in Nankai, Tanggu

and Xiqing were 32.61,36.50 and 51.00 min respectively, with the RR

50

ranging from 6.48 to 10.71 times; while the value for Jingnan, Hexi, Dongli and Beichen were

all greater than 120.00 min, with the RR

50 greater than 20. The KT

50

to permethrin

for field populations in Nankai, Jingnan, Hexi, Dongli and Beichen were all greater

than 120.00 min, with the RR

50 greater than 20; but the KT

50

for Xiqing strains was

26.96 min, with the RR

50

lower than 5, and the values for Tanggu population was 14.10

min, with the RR

50

lower than 3. Conclusion For German cockroaches control in Tianjin, the application of betacypermethrin and permethrin should be reduced along with increased administration of carbamates, such as propoxur, and organophosphorus pesticides such as dichlorovos and acephate.

德国小蠊（Blattella gemanica）对人类的危害主要是其体内外能携带多种病原体，包括细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫，机械性传播多种疾病；还可以使人引起皮肤和呼吸道的过敏反应。由于其繁殖力强、

分布广，已成为世界性的卫生害虫。长期以来，由于主要依赖有机杀虫剂来防治德国小蠊，不可避免地

造成其对各种杀虫剂产生不同程度的抗药性[1-4]。为了解×市目前德国小蠊的抗药性现状，2009-2010年开

展了监测工作，为合理使用杀虫剂提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试剂 97%乙酰甲胺磷和98%敌敌畏，购自×农药股份有限公司；97%残杀威、97%高效氯氰菊酯、91.1%

氯菊酯，购自江苏扬农化工股份有限公司。

1.2 试虫德国小蠊现场种群分别于2009-2010年采自×市南开区、津南区、河西区、塘沽区、东丽区、

西青区、北辰区，7个德国小蠊现场种群带回实验室饲养，繁育1～2代，选2～3周龄健康雄成虫作为试

验用虫；敏感品系由×市疾病预防控制中心病原生物检测所实验室提供。

1.3试验方法采用药膜法[5]测定半数击倒时间（KT50）。用丙酮将5种杀虫剂原药分别配制成1%的母液，

再用丙酮稀释成5～7个系列浓度的稀释液。取2.5 ml稀释液放入500 ml广口瓶中，将瓶转动使瓶底与

瓶壁均匀地涂上药膜，待丙酮全部挥发后进行测试。各瓶颈内涂一层凡士林和液体石蜡等量混合物。每瓶

内放入10只试虫，每隔2～5 min观察其击倒数，直至2h，将试虫移至清洁饲养缸，观察72 h死亡率。