英国文学选读复习重点
英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学史是世界文学史中的重要组成部分，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的众多文学作品和作家。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾一些英国文学史上的重要时期和作品，以帮助大家更好地理解和复习这一领域。
1. 中世纪文学中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，以骑士文学和宗教文学为主要形式。
《贝奥武夫》是中世纪英国文学中最重要的作品之一，讲述了贝奥武夫与怪物格伦德尔的战斗。
此外，中世纪还有许多神秘的抒情诗歌和教会文学，如《悲歌》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。
2. 文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学史上的黄金时代，代表作家包括莎士比亚、斯宾塞和培根。
莎士比亚的戏剧作品是世界文学的瑰宝，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》。
斯宾塞的史诗《仙后》也是这一时期的杰作，描绘了亚瑟王的传奇故事。
3. 17世纪文学17世纪是英国文学史上的变革时期，文学形式更加多样化。
约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》是这一时期的代表作之一，探讨了人类的堕落和救赎。
约翰·唐纳的戏剧作品《魔法师》则展示了他对权力和政治的深刻洞察力。
4. 18世纪文学18世纪是英国文学史上启蒙时代的兴起，代表作家包括亚历山大·蒲柏和塞缪尔·约翰逊。
蒲柏的诗歌作品《伊甸园》和《人类的悲剧》探讨了人类的自由意志和苦难。
约翰逊的《英语词典》对英语语言的规范化和发展起了重要作用。
5. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是19世纪英国文学的重要流派，代表作家包括威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。
华兹华斯的诗歌作品《抒情诗集》和《普雷德斯》强调了自然和个人情感的重要性。
柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》则表达了对自然的热爱和对社会不公的关注。
6. 维多利亚时代文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上的繁荣时期，代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯和艾米莉·勃朗特。
狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》揭示了当时社会的不公和贫困问题。
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要
英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要第一篇：英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题2.Romance(名词解释3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story4.Ballad(名词解释5.Character of Robin Hood6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet7.Heroic couplet(名词解释8.Renaissance(名词解释9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10.Sonnet(名词解释 11.Blank verse(名词解释12.Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet 这是肯定的。
英国文学史及选读复习提纲
英语专业《英国文学》复习要点教材名称：英国文学史主编：刘炳善出版社：上海外语教育出版社第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。
最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人scop。
到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。
这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。
2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。
文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。
在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。
中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。
3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟，代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，取得了很高的艺术成就。
他首创了诗歌的双韵体----每两行压韵的五步抑扬格，后被许多英国诗人采用。
乔叟用伦敦方言写作，奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础，促进了英语语言文学的发展。
第二章文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利，后遍及欧洲各国，在英国兴起较晚。
“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊，罗马文学艺术的复苏，但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。
文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想，表现为尊重人的尊严和力量，关注现世生活，鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。
代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建，反教会的思想和要求。
文艺复兴运动的思想家，人文主义者是托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More），他的作品《乌托邦》描绘了一个理想的未来社会，他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。
2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展，在诗歌，散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。
诗歌方面，新的诗体形式如十四行诗，无韵体诗被介绍到英国。
莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人，著有两部叙事诗，两部长诗和154首十四行诗。
英国文学选读一复习重点
1.George Meredith●an English novelist and poet.●One of the forerunners of the contemporary novels.●His writing was characterized by a fascination with imagery and indirect references●Modern Love《现代爱情》one of the first psychological poems.●Essay on Comedy《喜剧的观念及其精神的效用》a keen understanding of comedy●Diana of the Crossways 克劳斯威的黛安娜●The Ordeal of Richard Feverel《理查·弗维莱尔的苦难》The Egoist《利己主义者》●tragicomical novel realist novel●the novel presents an ironic subversion of texts（文本的颠覆）that had shaped the pattern ofVictorian femininity(柔弱性）●the difficulty Of being a woman in Victorian era●the turning point in George Meredith‘s careerThe Victorian eraThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom refers to Queen Victoria's rule which began in June 1837 and concluded in January 1901. Under the rule of Queen Victoria, the British people enjoyed a long period of prosperity. Profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop.SatireSatire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; In satire, human or individual vices, follies(罪恶）, abuses（陋习）, or shortcomings are gathered together by means of ridicule, derision(嘲弄）, irony, or other methods, ideally with the intent to bring about improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be funny, the purpose of satire is not primarily humor in itself so much as an attack on something of which the author strongly disapproves, using the weapon of wit. A common, almost defining feature of satire is its strong vein of irony （反语）or sarcasm（挖苦，讽刺）.Tragicomical novelTragicomical novel is fictional work that blend aspects of the genres of tragedy and comedy. In English literature, from Shakespeare's time to the nineteenth century, tragicomedy refers to a serious play with a happy ending).RealismRealism is an aesthetic mode which broke with the classical demands of art to show life as it should be in order to show life “as it is.” The work of realist art tends to avoid the elevated （崇高的）subject matter of tragedy in favour of the ordinary, the average, the commonplace, the middle classes and their daily struggles with the mean verities(一般的事实）of everyday existence——these are the typical subject matters of realism.（平常人的平常生活）。
英国文学选读笔记重点
英国文学选读笔记重点一、引言英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，其丰富的历史背景、独特的文化传统和卓越的文学成就使其在世界文学史上占有重要地位。
在英国文学选读中，我们不仅可以欣赏到众多杰出的文学作品，还可以深入了解英国的历史、文化和社会背景。
二、重点作家及其作品莎士比亚莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，他的作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
莎士比亚的作品具有深刻的思想内涵和卓越的艺术表现力，是英国文学的经典之作。
简·奥斯汀简·奥斯汀是英国19世纪著名的女性作家，她的作品如《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等，以细腻的人物描写和精湛的心理分析而著称。
她的作品反映了当时英国社会的风俗习惯和道德观念，具有很高的社会价值。
狄更斯狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的现实主义作家之一，他的作品如《双城记》、《雾都孤儿》等，以对社会问题的深刻揭示和对人性的深刻剖析而著称。
他的作品反映了当时英国社会的贫困、不公和阶级斗争，具有很高的社会意义。
三、重点主题爱情与婚姻爱情与婚姻是英国文学中的重要主题之一。
在许多作品中，作者通过描写爱情与婚姻的关系，探讨了人性的复杂性和生活的真谛。
例如，在简·奥斯汀的作品中，她通过对婚姻的思考，揭示了当时英国社会对婚姻的看法和期望。
社会问题社会问题是英国文学中的另一个重要主题。
许多作家通过描写社会问题，揭示了当时社会的矛盾和冲突。
例如，在狄更斯的作品中，他通过对贫困、不公和阶级斗争的描写，揭示了当时英国社会的种种问题。
人性与命运人性与命运是英国文学中的永恒主题。
许多作家通过描写人性的复杂性和命运的无常，探讨了人生的意义和价值。
例如，在莎士比亚的作品中，他通过对人性的深刻剖析和对命运的无奈揭示了人生的无常和无奈。
四、结语英国文学选读是了解英国文化和历史的重要途径之一。
通过对英国文学的学习和研究，我们可以更好地理解英国的历史、文化和社会背景，同时也可以提高我们的审美能力和文化素养。
英国文学选读复习资料
英国文学选读复习资料英国文学选读复习资料英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了众多经典作品和文学流派。
对于学习英国文学的学生来说，复习资料的准备是至关重要的。
本文将为大家提供一些关于英国文学选读的复习资料，帮助大家更好地准备考试。
1. 莎士比亚戏剧莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
在复习莎士比亚戏剧时，可以重点关注他的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》和《李尔王》。
这些作品涉及到人性、权力、背叛等主题，是莎士比亚戏剧的代表作。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最著名的女作家之一，她的小说以描写社会风俗和爱情婚姻为主题，作品充满了幽默和讽刺。
复习时可以选择她的代表作《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等，了解奥斯汀小说中的女性形象和社会风尚。
3. 罗伯特·勃朗宁和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁的诗歌罗伯特·勃朗宁和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁是19世纪英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表人物。
他们的诗歌作品充满了情感和想象力，涉及到爱情、宗教、社会等多个领域。
复习时可以选择他们的代表作品，如罗伯特·勃朗宁的《我的最后的那一首诗》和伊丽莎白·勃朗宁的《葡萄牙之歌》。
4. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最重要的小说家之一，他的作品揭示了当时社会的阶级分化和人性的复杂性。
复习时可以选择他的代表作《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等，了解狄更斯小说中的社会批判和人道主义思想。
5. 威廉·莎士比亚的诗歌除了戏剧作品，莎士比亚还有许多优秀的诗歌作品。
他的诗歌涉及到爱情、自然、时间等主题，语言优美、意境深远。
复习时可以选择他的一些著名sonnet，如《十四行诗集》中的第18首和第130首，了解莎士比亚诗歌的特点和主题。
6. 珍·奥斯汀的小说珍·奥斯汀是19世纪英国最重要的女作家之一，她的小说以描写女性生活和婚姻为主题，作品充满了幽默和洞察力。
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
英国文学史及选读复习资料
英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学历史悠久而丰富多样，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的各个时期和流派。
在这篇文章中，我们将探索英国文学史的一些重要时期和作品，并提供一些选读复习资料，帮助读者更好地了解和掌握英国文学。
中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，其代表作品包括《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。
《贝奥武夫》是一部史诗，描写了勇敢的英雄贝奥武夫的冒险故事。
《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部讲述了一群人在前往坎特伯雷朝圣途中分享故事的作品，通过这些故事，揭示了中世纪社会的各个层面。
文艺复兴时期是英国文学史的重要里程碑，该时期的作品受到古希腊罗马文化的影响，充满了人文主义的精神。
莎士比亚是这一时期最杰出的作家之一，他的作品包括诗剧《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
这些作品以其深刻的人物刻画和复杂的情节而闻名，被认为是世界文学的瑰宝。
17世纪是英国文学史上的黄金时代，其中最重要的作家是约翰·米尔顿。
他的史诗《失乐园》被誉为英国文学的巅峰之作，以其对人类自由意志和权力的思考而著称。
此外，约翰·多恩也是这一时期的重要作家，他的诗歌作品以其独特的形式和思想深度而受到赞誉。
18世纪是英国文学史上的启蒙时代，这一时期的作品强调理性和科学思维。
亚历山大·蒲柏是这一时期最重要的作家之一，他的诗歌作品《诗人的墓》和《奥德赛》被广泛阅读和研究。
此外，詹姆斯·汤姆森的长诗《四季》也是这一时期的重要作品，描绘了大自然的美丽和变化。
19世纪是英国文学史上的浪漫主义时期，作家们追求情感和个体的表达。
威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治是浪漫主义诗歌的代表作家，他们的作品强调对自然和内心世界的关注。
此外，查尔斯·狄更斯是这一时期最重要的小说家之一，他的作品《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》等揭示了当时社会的不公和人性的复杂性。
20世纪是英国文学史上的现代主义时期，作家们挑战传统文学形式和观念。
英国文学选读期末考试复习知识点
考点一：The Canterbury Tales参考A: 1~3: spring rain 4: spring flower 5: spring wind 6~7: spring grass 8~9: spring sun 10~~18: the celebration of spring (10~13: birds’ singing; 14~18: people’s pilgrimages)参考B: Structure beauty: The 18 lines form a coherent whole which is a sentence that composes of two adverbial clauses of time (line 1~11) and a main clause (12~18), expressing the essential idea of the whole work.考点二：Why is spring compared to a king? (4’)1.As the first season of a year, spring is as powerful as the king because it gives life toeverything.2.The use of the “king” can rime with “spring” and “sing”.考点三：What’s the effect of repeating “come live with me and be my love”?1.For the speaker’s part, he can strengthen his passion to his love, he sounds moreconfident than ever and the plea becomes more persuasive with each repetition.2.For the listener’s part, we can understand speaker’intention much more clearly. Thelistener will feel that shepherd’s love is strong and sincerely.3.It makes the ending match up with the beginning so as to make the poem a completewhole.考点四：What’s the effect of repeating the calls of the birds in each stanza?1. A good poem is usually like a beautiful song, the calls of the birds are pleasing to the ear.The repeated songs can give people pleasure and make this poem have a beautifulrhyme.2.The repetition of this line make three stanzas from a united whole.3.The sweat songs of the birds describe their happiness in spring and express their love ofspring. Their songs can also create a happy and peaceful atmosphere for people to enjoyspring.4.To emphasize the coming of spring.考点五：Compare these two poem: （讲义第7和第8面）1.On one hand, they share the same structure, meter, rhyme pattern and subject matters. Theywere written in iambic pentameter with six quatrains, each rhyming aabb. Both poems are about love and nature.2.On the other hand, they have obvious differences. Marlowe was young, he idealized natureand love. So his poem was romantic and imaginative. But Raleigh was old, and his attitude was jaded. He shows the reality of life and presents and opposite and negative view towards love and nature described in Marlowe’s poem.考点六：（可能会考选择题）Script(剧本): the written work from which a drama is produced; contains stage directions and dialogue.Stage directions（舞台说明）: notes provided by the playwright to describe how something should be performed on stage. Stage directions often describe elements of the spectacle: lighting, music, sound effects, costumes, properties, and set designs.Soliloquy（独白）: a long speech given by a character while alone on stage to reveal his or her private thoughts or intentions.Aside（旁白）: a statement intended to be heard by the audience or by a single other character butnot by all the other characters on stage.Act(幕): a major division of a drama.Scene(场景)：a division of an act; it begins with the entrance of one or more characters and ends with the exit of one or more characters.考点七：Why Juliet is a sun not a beautiful flower?1.There is only one sun in the world and Juliet is the only woman Romeo loves.2.Juliet is more beautiful and warm than the moon and the stars, so Juliet is the sun.考点八：What we can learn from Romeo and Juliet?1.We should believe true love.2.be brave to pursuer true love and happiness.3.be firm to your love.4.the more I give to you, the more I have.考点九：Problems troubling Hamlet:Hamlet’s endurance has reached the breaking point.1.His father has been murdered by his uncle.2.His mother, who he loves dearly, is married to his uncle right after his father’s death.3.Then his former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dispatched by claudius to spy onhim.4.Moreover, his sweetheart, Ophelia, is sent as a tool to find out whether or not he is really mad.This is some thing he can no longer endure.5.One incident after another seems to reveal to him that the time is “out of joint”, and man is notso good as he had imagined.6.Now, he’s all alone. The world that he knew is shattered. His black mood of despair isdeepened by his inability to act ---to do something to change the situation. Now he ponders whether to continue living or to take his own life.考点十：对to be, or not to be: that is the question的理解。
英国文学选读复习重点
1英国文学选读复习June, 2010Part I 复习重点章节1. William Shakespeare;2. Francis Bacon;3. John Donne;4. William Blake;5. Jane Austen;6. Charles Dickens;7. Thomas Hardy; 8. Oscar Wilde; 9. William Butler Y eats;10. James Joyce;11. D.H. Lawrence;Part II 考试题型1. In this part you are going to explain the following literary terms brieflyand to give examples from the stories you have learned from the course to illustrate the terms. (about 15 points)Examplescharacter and characterization; symbol and allegory allegory, , theme, point of view, etc.)2. Analysis of short stories and novels (about 40 points)Example 1Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.QuestionsWhat can we learn from this short passage about Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet? What was the tone of the passage? Does this passage illustrate the style of Jane Austen?Example 2One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died.It was a dark rainy evening and there was no sound in the house. Through one of the broken panes I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little.All my senses seemed to veil themselves and feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O Love! O Love! many times.QuestionsWhat can we learn about “I” from this short passage? What was the meaning of the sentence “I was thankful that I could see so little.” ? What rhetorical device was used in this passage?Example 3“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his spot with Tess. And the d’Urbervilles knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained thus a long time, absolutely. As soon as they had strength motionless: the flag continued to wave silentlyflag continued to wave silently. As soon as they they rose, joined hands again, and went on.QuestionsWhat is your understanding of the sentence “And the d’Urbervilles knight and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing”? Was justice really done?What is your understanding of the very end of the novel “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy?3. Analysis of the poems (about 30 points)Example 1Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!He is called by thy name,For he called himself a Lamb;He is meek & he is mild,He became a little child;I a child & thou a lamb,We are called by his name.Little Lamb God bless thee.Little Lamb God bless thee.QuestionsWho is “he ” in the third line of this stanza? What is the dominant feeling in this stanza? What are you understanding of the last two lines?Example 2Oh stay Oh stay, three lies in one flea spare, , three lies in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.The flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed and marriage temple is; Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,And cloistered in these living walls of jet.Though use make you apt to kill me,Let not do that, self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.QuestionsWhat extraordinary metaphors (conceits) do you find in this stanza? Give an example and explain it. What is the central idea in this stanza?4. Paraphrasing (about 15 points)Example 1Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, they e many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet on the other side, they are more cruel and hard-hearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.Example 2Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with griefThat thou her maid art far more fair than she.Be not her maid, since she is envious.Her vestal livery is but sick and green,And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.Example 3Thus conscious does make coward of us all, And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o ’er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lost the name of action.。
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料
（完整word版）英国文学选读复习资料Part I The Middle AgeChapter 1 the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1. Beowulf（贝奥武甫）: England’s national epic.（第一部民族史诗）2. artistic feature: ① using alliteration② using metaphor and understatementChapter 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (ca1343-1400)1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English poetry and one of the most greatest narrative（叙事）poets of England.2.首创双韵体. tonico-syllabic verse. 运用London dialect.3. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.4.代表作：The Canterbury Tales-----In this book, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. But Chaucer was not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. [乔叟为他那个时代和国家勾勒出一幅生机勃勃而又充满诗情画意的社会百态图。
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理【实用版】目录1.英国文学的历史背景及分期2.英国文学的代表作家及作品3.英国文学的风格特点及影响正文英国文学是西方文学的重要组成部分，其历史悠久，传统深厚。
英国文学的发展可分为几个阶段，其中最重要的阶段包括古英语文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、17 世纪文学、18 世纪文学、19 世纪文学和 20 世纪文学。
在古英语文学阶段，最著名的作品是《贝奥武甫》。
在中世纪文学阶段，英国文学受到了欧洲大陆文学的影响，这一时期的代表作品包括《亚瑟王传奇》和《尼伯龙根之歌》等。
在文艺复兴时期，英国文学迎来了黄金时期，莎士比亚、斯宾塞和马洛等文学巨匠的作品至今仍被誉为英国文学的经典。
17 世纪文学以约翰·弥尔顿、约翰·班扬和约翰·德莱顿等人的作品为代表，其中《失乐园》、《天路历程》和《论出版自由》等作品成为这一时期的经典。
18 世纪文学则以丹尼尔·笛福、乔纳森·斯威夫特、理查森·谢里丹和简·奥斯汀等人的作品为代表，这一时期的文学作品反映了工业革命时期的社会变革。
19 世纪文学是英国文学的又一辉煌时期，这一时期的代表作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯、夏洛蒂·勃朗特、艾米丽·勃朗特和托马斯·哈代等。
20 世纪英国文学则以弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、乔治·奥威尔、威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆和阿加莎·克里斯蒂等作家的作品为代表。
英国文学的风格特点多样，受到了历史、地理和文化等多种因素的影响。
英国文学在语言运用、情节安排和人物塑造等方面都有独特的技巧，使其在世界文学史上具有重要地位。
英国文学选读重点
英国文学选读一、中世纪文学（约5世纪——1485）。
有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。
《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国的民族史诗，《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ,1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德、是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。
二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期——17世纪初）。
三、17世纪文学四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期——18世纪中期）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798——1832）。
1798年，威廉华兹华斯与塞穆尔泰勒柯勒律治合作出版了一本小诗集《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）标志着英国浪漫主义文学的崛起。
浪漫主义诗人崇尚自然，主张反哺归真。
六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代——1918）。
客观地、冷静地观察现实生活，按照生活的本来样式精确细腻地加以描写，力求真实地再现典型环境中的典型人物。
七、现代主义文学时期（1918——1945）。
追求心理真实，注重直接观察人物的心理活动，直接体验人物的内心感受，在内心世界这面镜子上折射出丰富多彩的外部现实。
杰弗里•乔叟（1343-1400），Geoffrey Chaucer，英国文学之父。
主要作品有：《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Duchess）1836《百鸟会议》（The Parliament of Fowls）1380《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）1374-1384《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）1380-1385《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）1386-1400威廉•莎士比亚（1564-1616），William Shakespeare。
主要作品：四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）《奥赛罗》（Othello）《李尔王》（king Lear）《麦克白》（Macbeth）四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It）《第十二夜》（Twelfth night）Sonnet的格式：1. 有14行。
学姐包过版!《英国文学史及选读》第二册-期末复习讲义(绝对全)
学姐包过版!《英国文学史及选读》第二册-期末复习讲义(绝对全)介绍一下，一共包括四分讲义，按顺序看，学姐没有看书，只看得讲义，复习了一个星期，考了90多分，第一份：总体了解考点，大体了解就行（往下翻还有别的）English Literature ( Book II)Romanticis1.Romanticism（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。
22.William Wordsworth要知道他的“Lyrical Ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。
Lake Poets（名词解释）。
他诗歌的主要两类题材：nature and common people’s lives。
写过的著名作品：I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few mil es above Tintern Abbey; The solitary reaper; We are seven 等等。
3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge两首名诗：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan主要写作supernatural题材。
4. George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes (名词解释); 著名作品：Child Harold’s Pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用Spenserian Stanza 写成；Don Juan要知道大致内容。
5. Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品：Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus Unbound（lyrical drama，3要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。
）其它名作: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark等等。
英国文学史及选读考试重点
Chapter 1 Old English Literature (450 – 1066)Beowulf(1) National epicBeowulf is the first great English literary work and is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.Chapter 2 Middle English Literature (1066 -- the 14th century)Major ContentA. Medieval romanceSubjects: Matter of France; Matter of Rome; Matter of BritainB. The Popular Ballads:Definition(1) A narrative song, or an oral form of verse.(2) Composed by common people during a long period of time.(3) An important stream of the Medieval folk literature.C. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400)Messenger of Humanism; The first important realistic writer; “Father” of English poetry and Master of the English language:masterpiece: The Canterbury TalesChapter 3 Renaissance (from 14th c. to mid-17th c.)1. Renaissance(1) It marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world (from 14th c. to mid-17th c.).(2) "Renaissance" means rebirth or revival.(3) The combination of Christian (Britain’s tradition) and Greek tradition s.(4) It is stimulated by events like the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture (culture), the new discoveries in geography and astronomy (science), the religious reformation (religion) and the economic expansion (economy).(5) To get rid of old feudalist ideas and introduce new ideas of the rising bourgeoisie, to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.2. Humanism(1) To exalt human elements or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine elements—or as opposed to the grosser赚钱的机器, animal elements.（否定旧的）(2) To see human beings as glorious creatures capable of individual development.（肯定新的2、3、4、5）(3) To emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.(4) To believe that man does not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. （2、3的总结）(5) To express the rebellious spirit against the tyranny of feudal rule and religious domination. Representatives: More, Marlowe, Shakespeare（同renaissance一样，最后落脚到封建主义与资本主义的对立）Elizabethan PoetryI. Major Forms of Elizabethan Poetry1.Sonnet(1) A lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme,(形式)(2)Expressing different aspects of a single thought, mood, or feeling,（内容）(3) Iambic pentameter is essentially the meter, but here again certain poets have experimentedwith hexameter and other meters.（方法）2. Blank verse3. heroic coupletII. Selected readings (Discussion)1. Sonnet 18 (by Shakespeare)William Shakespeare(1564-1616)1. Four great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth2. HamletContrast(a)Hamlet and Claudius: Each tries to probe into the mind of the other.Whether the king is guiltyWhether Hamlet is mad(b) MadnessReal madness v. Feigned madness (Ophelia – Hamlet)(c) Different attitudes toward vengeance(复仇):Hamlet thinks too much, delays too long.Laertes acts too rashly, thinks too little.Fortinbras is a man of both action and thoughts.(d) Inner conflict in Hamlet’s mind:strong urge to revenge vs. disillusioned view of human lifemakes him weakCould you explain Hamlet’s hesitation in action to kill his uncle from the perspective of Oedipus Complex?The study, Hamlet and Oedipus,was written by Sigmund Freud‘s colleague and biographer Ernest Jones. In particular, Jones explains Hamlet’s mysterious delay in action as a consequence of the Oedipus Complex: the son continually postpones the act of revenge because of the impossibly complicated psychodynamic(心理动力的) situation in which he finds himself. Though he hates his fratricidal(杀兄弟的) uncle, he nevertheless unconsciously identifies with him—for, having killed Hamlet's father and married his mother, Claudius has carried out what are Hamlet's own unconscious wishes.In addition, marriage to Hamlet's mother gives the uncle the unconscious status of the father—destructive impulses towards whom provoke great anxiety and meet with repression.John Donne (1572-1631)Special features(1) Conceits: (A fanciful poetic image, especially an elaborate or exaggerated comparison 奇思妙想) – metaphysical conceits refer to bringing together things that are primary unlike(2) Wit: (聪敏机智）-- the centre of Donne’s poetic method, such as the dialectical arrangementof a poem, logical reasoning, dramatic plot(3) Imagery: drawn form his interests, revealing the width of his intellectual exploration(4) Dramatic and conversational style:(5) metric skills: violating conventional and metrical regularities of rhythm and stress(1) The Flea(2) “Death, Be Not Proud”John MiltonII. His worksA. Early poetic works:LycidasB. middle prose pamphletsAreopagitican.《论出版自由》C. last great poemsParadise LostParadise RegainedSamson AgonistesParadise lostPlotsThe story it related (12 books in all)1. The fall of the angels, the tortures andthe struggles they made upon the God.2. God creates the Adam and Eve.3. Man’s disobedience.4. The banishment of Adam and Eve, theirloss of paradise .Major characters analysisSatan (Lucifer) :1. he is the first character to whom the reader is introduced, and the most complex. It has been suggested that Satan is the true "epic hero" of the piece, largely because of his epic language and heroic energy.2. he hold the self-centered perspective , arrogant, boldness and diligence in fighting with god .Adam & Eve1. Strong, intelligent, and rational character possessed of a remarkable relationship with God .2. Innocent and impulsive ,dedicative to their love .3. with the spiritual purity , her capacity for emotion, and forbearance .God1.omnipotent(全能的）character who knows everything before it happens .2. unknowable to mankind and to some extent lacks emotion and depth .Themes1.The Importance of Obedience to God .Paradise Lost presents two moral paths that one can take after disobedience:(1) The downward spiral of increasing sin and degradation, represented by Satan.(2) the road to redemption, represented by Adam and Eve.2. The Hierarchical Nature of the UniverseThe layout of the universe—with Heaven above, Hell below, and Earth in the middle—presents the universe as a hierarchy based on proximity （亲近）to God and his grace .This spatial hierarchy leads to a social hierarchy of angels, humans, animals, and devils, To obey God is to respect this hierarchy.Humankind must now experience pain and death, but humans can also experience mercy, salvation, and grace in ways they would not have been able to had they not disobeyed.On the other side, it also gives individual human beings the opportunity to redeem（救赎）themselves by true repentance and faith.Chapter4 The Neo-classical PeriodFeaturesNeo-classicism (last decades of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century)(1) Models on the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman writers like Homer,Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the contemporary French writers such as Voltaire and Diderot.(2) A partial reaction against the fires of passion blazed in the late Renaissance, especially inthe Metaphysical poetry.(3) Stresses on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion,accuracy, good taste and decorum.(4) Neo-classical writers are: John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison,Richard Steele, Henry Fielding, Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, Edward Gibbon, etc.(5) It had a lasting wholesome influence upon the literature of the coming generation.Alexander Pope (1688-1744)Major worksAn Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712-14),The Dunciad (1728-42), The Essay on Man (1733-34)Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)I. Major WorksA Tale of a Tub (1704) The Battle of Books (1704)“A Modest Proposal” (1730) Gulliver's Travels (1726)II. Analysis of Gulliver's Travels (1726)(1) ThemeIt is a satire on the 18th-century English society, touching upon the political, religious, legal, military, scientific, philosophical as well as literary institutions. It takes great pains to bring to light the wickedness of the then English society, with its tyranny, its political intrigues and corruption, its aggressive wars and colonialism, its religious disputes and persecution, and its ruthless oppression and exploitation of the common people.(2) Narrative features(A) Both a fantasy and a realistic work of fiction.(B) The language is very simple, unadorned, straightforward and effective.(C) An apparent innocence and honesty of the hero and his account, the direct, truthful, detailed presentation of people and things encountered set off the biting satire and a desperate indignation of the writer.(D) Tidy structural arrangement. The four seemingly independent parts are linked up by the central idea of social satire and make up an organic whole.(E) From outward-homeward-bound motif to a darkening gradation of incident and a growingperversion of the hero; on one hand, from a chance shipwreck to man-made misfortunes and intended mutinies. The hero's attitude towards mankind changes from firm belief to doubt, further doubt, and finally to dislike.The Rise of the English Novel and DefoeDaniel Defoe (1660-1731)1. Features of his Novels(1) Picaresque tradition(2) Autobiographical form and first person narration(3) Journalistic style with great detail and specific time and space(4) LanguageDiction: plain, smooth, easy, direct, and colloquial but never coarseSyntax: long, rambling sentences without strong pauses to give his style an urgent, immediate, breathless quality, but the units of meaning are small and clear with frequent repetition so that the writing gives an impression of simple lucidity.2. A Brief Analysis of Robinson Crusoe(1) Story: a Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island Juan Fernandez for 5 years(2) Different levels of meaning(a) Adventurous story; (b) Moral tale; (c) Commercial account; (d) Puritan fable; (e)Myth of modern civilization.(3) Theme:(a) It celebrates the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environment.(b) Robinson is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. His success was due to the sturdy qualities in his character, to his own unaided efforts, to his courage and patience, to his practical skill, and to his intelligent persistence.Chapter 5 The Romantic Period(The Romantic Movement starts in 1798 and ends in 1832)1. Definitions:Romanticism: Romanticism is a term applied to literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. It can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified classicism in general and late 18th-century neoclassicism in particular. It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Inspired in part by the libertarian ideals of the French Revolution, the romantics believed in a return to nature and in the innate goodness of humans, as expressed by Jean Jacques Rousseau. They emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. They also showed interest in the medieval, exotic, primitive, and nationalistic. Critics date English literary romanticism from the publication of William Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads in 1798 to the death of Sir Walter Scott and the passage of the first reform bill in the Parliament in 1832.2. Romantic poets:a. William Blake (1757-1827)Poetical Sketches (1783) (a collection of youthful verse with notes of joy, laughter and love) Songs of Innocence(1809) (presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without itsevils and sufferings)Songs of Experience(1794) (painting a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone)Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) (marking Blake's entry into maturity)b.William Wordsworth (1770-1850)c. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)Major worksPoems: a. the demonic poemse.g. (1) “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”; (2) “Christabel”; (3) “Kubla Khan”b. the conversational poemse.g. “Frost at Midnight” “Dejection : an Ode”d. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)e. Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)"Ode to the West Wind” (1819f. John Keats (1795-1821)Odes: The odes are generally regarded as Keats's most important and mature works.“Ode on a Grecian Urn”g. Jane Austen (1775-1817)William Wordsworth (1770-1850)All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates from emotion recollected in tranquility.I. Major works(1) Lyrical Ballads (1798)(2) Prelude, or Growth of a Poet’s Mind (1850)II. Selected readings(1) “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”Main ideaThe poem is crystal clear and lucid. By recounting a little episode, the poet gives a description of the scene and of the feelings that match it. Then he abstracts the total emotional value of the experience and concludes by summing that up. Below the immediate surface, we find that all the realistic details of the flowers, the trees, the waves, the wind, and all the accompanying sensations of active joy, are absorbed into an over-all concrete metaphor, the recurrent image of the dance, which appears in every stanza. The flowers, the stars, the waves are units in this dancing pattern of order in diversity, of linked eternal harmony and vitality. Through the revelation and recognition of his kinship with nature, the poet himself becomes as it were a part of the whole cosmic dance.Paraphrase(1)I, alone, walked slowly around the valleys and hills, like a lonely cloud moving slowly over. Suddenly, I saw bundles and bundles of golden daffodils growing beside the lake or under the trees. In the breeze, the daffodils moved lightly and quickly as if they were dancing. Paraphrase(2)The yellow flowers fluttered and danced without a stop just like the stars that shine and change their light in the Milky Way. These flowers grew in a long line that extended without an end along the edge of a bay. I had a quick look at the ten thousand flowers when they moved their heads asthey were dancing lively.Paraphrase(3)The waves in the lake next to the daffodils also danced together; but the joyful daffodils danced better than the glimmering waves. I was very cheerful because I have such pleasant companions. And I couldn't help looking steadily and admir ing at the daffodils for a long time, but I didn’t realize at that moment that the scene of the dancing daffodils had brought me something to be cherished forever.Paraphrase(4)Very often, when I recline on my couch, feeling empty or thinking deeply and sadly, dancing daffodils emerge in my mind and inspire my solitary heart. This is the very happiness and comfort for me, a lonely being. Thus my heart, dancing with the golden daffodils, will be full of satisfaction and happiness.George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)Major works(1) Childe Harold's Pilgrimage(2) Don JuanThe Byronic Hero(1) A proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.(2) With immense superiority in his passions and powers.(3) To right all the wrongs in a corrupt society.(4) Rise single-handedly against tyrannical rules with unconquerable wills and inexhaustibleenergies.Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)1. Major works(1) Queen Mab (1813) (2) Prometheus Unbound (1819)(3) lyrics: "Ode to the West Wind” (1819)“The cloud” “To a Skylark” (1820)(4) Adonais (1821) (5) In Defence of Poetry (1822)"Ode to the West Wind"Ode: The ode is a lyric poem of some length, dealing with a lofty(崇高的) theme in a dignified manner. (praising and glorifying an individual,Commemorating纪念an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally).Themes(1) The cycle of the seasons(2) Destroyer and preserver(3) Wind sweeps across the land.(4) Wind sweeps across the sky.(5) Wind sweeps across the ocean.(6) Wind and man:Young: tameless, radical, brave, passionate, energetic, courageous, with strong imagination Old: tamed, conservative, inactive, indifferent, cold, loss of imaginationJane Austen (1775-1817)1. Characteristics of her works(1) Chief InterestMain concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beings with theirfamilies and neighbors.(2) Narrownessthe range of experience.The subject matter, the character range, the moral setting, physical setting and social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial or village life of nineteenth-century England, absolute accuracy and sureness by never stepping beyond the limits of her knowledge.3. The Works of Jane AustinSense and Sensibility (1811),Pride and Prejudice (1813),Mansfield Park (1814),Emma (1816)Persuasion and Northanger Abbey (published posthumously by her brother in 1818)4. Pride and Prejudice (First Impressions )(1) Themesgood judgment (pride and prejudice)love and marriage(a) those who marry for money, position and property,(b) those who marry just for passion(c) and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of t he person’s personalmerit as well as his economical and social status.(3) Selected readingMain idea:The selection is the first chapter of the novel, in which the parents of the Bennet girls are busy considering the prospects of their daughters’ marri ages shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich unmarried young man, Mr. Bingley, as their neighbor.In this selection, we can find mild satire in the author’s seemingly matter-of-fact description of the conversation between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, in the vivid portrait of the husband and the wife, and, specifically, in the opening sentence. The relationship of the husband and wife and their attitude towards each other are also subtly presented.Mrs. Bennet, an empty-headed woman, is simple and naive, eager to talk with any slight encouragement. Mr. Bennet is a man of intricate character and quick wit. His teasing tone and sarcastic humor are just beyond his wife’s understanding.Homework1. The characterization in Pride and PrejudiceHow many types of characters have been portrayed in this novel? Who are they? What are their characteristics?2. Austen’s Marital View reflected in Pride and Prejudice.Chapter 6The Victorian Period(Reign of Queen Victorian from 1836 to 1901)Major ContentA.Charles Dickens (1812-1870)1. Major works: Early period: The Pickwick Papers; Oliver Twist; David CopperfieldLate Period: Bleak House; A Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectations2. Special FeaturesB. William M. Thackeray (1811-1863)1. Some features of his works2. V anity FairC. Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)Jane EyreD. Emily Bronte (1818-1848)Wuthering HeightsE. Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)F. Robert Browning (1812-1889)“My Last Duchess”G. George Eliot (1819-1880)Middlemarch(1872)H. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)The Victorian Period and DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870)Major worksThe Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, Great ExpectationsAnalysis of Great Expectations(1) StoryPip, Joe Gargery, Miss Havisham, Estella , Magwitch, Biddy, Satis House(2) Themes(a) A novel about "great expectations", or dreams and disillusions.(b) The personal development of Pip from a innocent, honest boy to a vain, selfish, snobbish young gentleman. The painful experience in the struggle to grow up, to “climb up” or to succeed in the commercialized world.The Bildungsroman("novel of formation") is a genre of the novel which focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood. The genre arose during the German Enlightenment.A Bildungsroman tells about the growing up or coming of age of a sensitive person who is looking for answers and experience. Usually in the beginning of the story there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on his journey.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)“All his novels present the losing struggle of individuals against the obscure power which moves the universe.1. Major worksThe Return of the Native (1878) , The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) Tess of D’Urbervilles (1891) Jude the Obscure (1896).2. A brief analysis of Tess of D’Urbervilles(1) The storyMajor characters: Alec, Tess, Angel Clare (a triangle)(2) ThemesA.determinism(a) Tess, a pure woman, wages a loosing battle against the evil society 纯真的少女vs.邪恶的社会(b) Once a thief, always a thief. Once a victim, always a victim. Although Tess is a beautiful, innocent, honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she can not avoid being played with by fate.Determinism & NaturalismDeterminism refers to the belief or theory that human actions and events are controlled by and result from causes that determine them. Characters who illustrate determinism act without free will in accordance with forces beyond their control.Naturalism: A post-Darwinism movement in the late 19thcentury that tried to apply the “laws” of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life and insisted that materials of literature should be arranged to reflect a deterministic universe in which a person is a biological creature controlled by this environment and heredity. There is an emphasis of chance or coincidence and the character’s p assivity in naturalistic works, and the toner is rather pessimistic. Major writers of British literature include Hardy and Gissing.B. Criticism of social conventions of VictorianEngland (ideas of social class as well as thesexual double standard);A Patriarchal Society(男权制的社会): men dominating women(3) Structure(a)A cyclical pattern, divided into three parts. The first part is a prelude, telling how Tess leaves home and encounters Alec. She was seduced by Alec and comes back home disgraced. This is the first cycle, beginning in May and ending in August.(b) The second part is the main love story meeting with Angel at Talbothays. It begins in May, reaches its climax at the turning of the year and ends in the following winter.(c) The last part represents her decline. Forced by poverty, Tess returns to Alec until Angel comes to claim her. In shame and anger, Tess kills Alec, and is finally arrested and executed. This part starts in winter and ends in spring.Chapter 7 The Modern Period( the early decades of 20th century, before WWWI)A. Joseph ConradHeart of Darkness (1902)B. Oscar Wilde (Art for Art’s sake)Major works: The importance of Being EarnestC. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)Greatest dramatist in modern time in British literary history, won Nobel Prize in 1925.Major Works: PygmalionD.Virginia WoolfA novelistMajor Works: Mrs. Dalloway, The Waves, To the LighthouseStream of Consciousness is a narrative mode that se eks to portray an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions.。
英国文学选读要点
《英国文学选读》学习要点（1）-- 文学常识标签：英国文学选读要点文学常识分类：英国文学选读课程2008-10-21 23:29文学常识部分：1. Poetry is the most compressed form of literature.2. Poetry is composed of carefully chosen words expressing great depth of meaning.3. Poetry uses specific devices such as connotation, sound, and rhythm to express the appropriate combination of meaning and emotion.4. Lyrical poetry presents the deep feelings and emotions of the poet as opposed to poetry that tells a story or presents a witty observation.5. Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form of three quatrains and a couplet.6. Soliloquy in drama a speech, often of some length, in which a character, alone on the stage, expresses his thoughts and feelings.7. Plot is known as the ―series of related events‖.8. There are five parts to a plot: introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution9. Climax is the "turning point of the story".10. Conflict describes the struggle between two characters or forces.11. The purpose of the short story's title is to inform readers of story content, to indicate main idea, to create curiosity12. Symbol is an object or idea that has its own meaning and represents something else as well.13. Theme is the main idea or author's opinion about life expressed in a piece of literature.14. One character is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character - he/she is the protagonist. The opposer of the main character is called the antagonist.15. Characterization is the techniques writers use to create and develop characters.16. Point of View is the relationship between the narrator and the story (who is telling the story).17. A writer tells his story from a different point of view -- narration. There are 3 points of view when telling a story: First person: The narrator "I"; Omniscient:All-knowing narrator; Limited Omniscient: (third person)18. Setting is the time and place of the story.《英国文学选读》要点（2）-- 诗人及其作品解读标签：英国文学选读要点诗人及作品解读分类：英国文学选读课程2008-10-21 23:361. Introduction of William ShakespeareSignificancel the greatest English poet and dramatistl certainly the most important playwright of the English Renaissancel Likely the most influential writer in all of English literatureTheme of Sonnet 18His sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity.Analysis of the poeml The first two quatrains focus on the fair lord's beauty: the poet attempts to compare it to a summer's day, but shows that there can be no such comparison, since the fair lord's timeless beauty far surpasses that of the fleeting, inconstant season.l Summer -- "summer" as a metaphor for youth, or perhaps beauty, or perhaps the beauty of youth.l What does ―eternal lines‖ mean in the last but one stanza?l What’s the rhyme of Shakespearean Sonnet?Questions 1 in page 14：The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The next eleven lines are devoted to such a comparison.l In line 2, the speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summer's day: he is "more lovely and more temperate."l The poet describes summer as a season of extremes and disappointments. Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are shaken by "rough winds"; In them, the sun ("the eye of heaven") often shines "too hot," or too dim. And summer is fleeting: its date is too short, and it leads to the withering of autumn, as "every fair from fair sometime declines."l The final quatrain of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in that respect: his beauty will last forever ("Thy eternal summer shall not fade...") and never die.l In the couplet, the speaker explains how the beloved's beauty will accomplish this feat, and not perish because it is preserved in the poem, which will last forever; it will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see."2. Geoffrey Chaucer （1340 -- 1400）Significance| ―the father of English poetry‖ (by John Dryden)| the founder of modern English| the founder of English realistic literature: the greatest literate before Shakespeare | He was the first to be buried in Westminster Abby, for his great contribution to the making of English and literature.Chaucer’s writing style|His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness.|He enriched the poetic forms for the English poetry.|He is the first people who made the London vernacular the language of his work thus make it the foundation for modern speech and establishing English as the literary language of the country.General Introduction to The Canterbury TalesSignificance| It was the last of Geoffrey Chaucer's works| The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s Masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.| It is one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest work produced in Middle English| It gives us a true to life picture of his time. The work stands as a historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the late Middle AgesAn Analysis of the opening linesAs April comes, the narrator begins a pilgrimage to Canterbury from the Tabard Innat Southwerk. Twenty-nine people make the pilgrimage toward Canterbury and the narrator describes them in turn.| These are the opening lines with which the narrator begins the General Prologueof The Canterbury Tales. The imagery in this opening passage is of spring’s renewal and rebirth.| After the long sleep of winter, people begin to stir, feeling the need to ―goon on pilgrimages,‖ or to travel to a site where one worships a saint’s relics as a means of spiritual cleansing and renewal.An analysis of the Knight|The Knight represents the ideal of a medieval Christian man-at-arms. The Knight is first to be described in the General Prologue because socially, the Knight is by far the most prestigious person on the pilgrimage. He is the highest on the social scale, being closest to belonging to the highest estate, the aristocracy.Four main qualities of the Knight.|The first is the Knight’s love of ideals—―chivalrie‖ (prowess), ―trouthe‖ (fidelity),―honour‖ (reputation), ―fredom‖ (generosity), and ―curteisie‖ (refinement) (General Prologue, 45–46).|The second is the Knight’s impressive military career. The Knight has fought in the Crusades, wars in which Europeans traveled by sea to non-Christian lands and attempted to convert whole cultures by the force of their swords.|The third quality the narrator remembers about the Knight is his meek, gentle, manner.|And the fourth is his ―array,‖ or dress. The Knight wears a tunic made of coarse cloth, and his coat of mail is rust-stained, because he has recently returned from an expedition.3. Introduction of John Donne（1572 - 1631）Significancel Founder of Metaphysical Schooll Donne was the leading exponent of a style of poetry called "metaphysical poetry," which flourished in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. l The most striking feature of Donne’s Poetry is his frequent use of conceit. l The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love, death and religion. Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,l spare three lives in one fleal you, I, and the fleal Holy trinity: Holy father, Holy son, and Holy spiritWhen we almost, nay more than maryed are.This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed, and marriage temple is;churchThough parents grudge, and you, w'are met,And cloysterd in these living walls of Jet.l live the fleaThough use make thee apt to kill me,Let not to this, selfe murder added bee,l Let self-murder not be added to thisAnd sacrilege, three sinnes in killing three.l Donne’s first metaphor: three lives in one fleal second metaphor: compares the flea to a ―marriage bed and marriage temple‖Themes of Holy Sonnet 10His Holy Sonnet 10 reveals his belief in life after death. Death is momentarily while happiness after death is eternal.l One short sleep past, we wake eternally,And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.1. What does sleep mean? Death.2. How do you understand we live eternally?Life and death are two periods. Death is the expansion of life. Shortly after our death, our soul will enter heaven and live happily forever.4. Introduction of Robert Burns（1759-1796）Significancel Scottish poet and writer of traditional Scottish folk songsl He is the national poet of Scotland. Robert Burns is representative of Scotland. He has become almost a national symbol of all things Scottish.l the greatest poet Scotland in the late 18th century has ever produced;l a remarkable lyricist on the theme of love and friendship;l a patriotic poet calling for national independence, liberty, equality and fraternity for all the people in the world ;l a peasant poet sharing his people’s feelings and drawing material form the folk legends and songs;l He was the people’s poet. He came from the people and wrote for the people. l ―A Red, Red Rose‖ is written as a ballad with four stanzas of four lines, or quatrains each§Themes of A Red, Red RoseTheme - this is a poem of love and reassurance. Burns is leaving his love and intends to reassure her of his fidelity and love for her in his absence.5. Introduction of William Wordsworth(1770-1850)Significancel He is the third greatest poet and the greatest lyric poet in English literature.l He is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry, and he is regareded as a ―worshipper of nature‖.l He was one of ―lake poets‖l He is a poet in memory of the past and was called "prophets of nature"I Wandered Lonely as a CloudForml The four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme: ABABCC.l Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter.Characteristics– The poem is a master piece on natureSignificanceThis poem typically depicts the serene beauty of nature and shows the poet’s respect for nature as well.Exercises"For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dance with the daffodils.(1) What is the "bliss of the solitude"? The Daffodils the poem saw.(2) Interpret the passage.It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind when he is solitude/lonely.(3) Why did the poet write the poem, what did he want to express?The poem depicts/deals with the flowers that he came across along waterside, by which he expresses the quiet, sympathy, loving feeling to nature just like his words "poetry is from "emotion recollected in tranquility".I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Questions:(1) Interpret briefly the meaning of this stanza.Like a cloud flying over valleys and mountains, I was traveling. Suddenly to my surprise, I saw a grove of daffodils at the side of a lake. How beautiful they were, fluttering and dancing in the wind.(2) Which literary trend does this poem belong to?Romantic period5. Introduction of Percy Shelly（1792～1822）Genre of the PoemThe ode is a lyric poem of some length, dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung.Form of the poemEach of the seven parts of "Ode to the West Wind" contains five stanzas--fourthree-line stanzas and a two-line couplet, all metered in iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima, Thus each of the seven parts of "Ode to the West Wind" follows this scheme: ABA BCB CDC DED EE.SummaryOde to the West Wind" is one of Shelley's best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea, and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind, and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind.Exercises| O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, …alliteration personificationQuestions:|What kind of wind does west wind refer to?Autumn wind.|What do these lines describe?The destructive power of the west wind that drives away all the old and rotten things.|"Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!―(1)What does the "wild spirit "refer to?"wild spirit" refers to west wind/autumn wind.(2)Why called it "Destroyer and Preserver" at the same time?Because west wind buries the dead leaves, the symbol of old rotten society, and also the things, thoughts, or ideas that are dead or obsolete. Meanwhile it prepares for a new spring, and preserves new life or seeds that will come to life in the spring, the symbol of a new world.(3)Identify the poet and the poem."Ode to the west wind" of Percy Shelley. (terza rima)"As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowedOne too like thee: tameless, and swift and proud.―A heavy weight of hours|It refers to burdens and pressures of life|moral and cultural conventions picked up by individuals in life|lessons learned from life experience| sufferings and misfortunes in life.(1)Explain "I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed―The sentence call Shell ey’s desire that he couldn’t best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary reality of everyday!(2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion contained in the poem? What’s that?In the poem, the west wind has become the poet himself, he wants to be free, proud and uncontrollable like the wild west wind, to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind.(3)The poet was called the "the heart of all hearts", he trumpeted the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth. Please write out his classic words.If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?| This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter.|The question has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons, but is a reference to death and rebirth as well.|It illustrates Shelley’s critical attitude to the ugly society and can best express Shelley’s optimistic belief in the bright future of mankind in face of the cold winter, that is the cold society, and the harsh social reality.It may mean that after the struggles and problems in life, there would always be a solution.6. Introduction of John Keats (1795-1821)Significancel The most talented of the English romantic poetsl He wrote best odes in English literaturel The last of the great Romanticsl The most attractive Romantic figure because of his personal life and his poetry l A poet of great beautyl A close friend of Shelley’sType of WorkType of poem: lyric poem Type of lyric poem: odeExercise 1:"Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressA flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:"(1)Who is the poet? The name?(2)Explain the sentence.(3)What was the theme of the poem?Answer:(1)This is the "ode on a Grecian Um", which was written by the poet---John Keats.(2)The sentence means: though time has passed, the urn, the works of the art still remains, and it tells a pastoral/lyrical tale to us, and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human.(3)The theme is: Human life is transient, but the art is immortal.Exercise 2:"O Attic shape! Fair attitude! With b rede …As doth eternity: cold pastoral!"(1)How do you understand "cold pastoral"(2)What device is used in the poem?(3)Explain the implication of the poem. At the end of the poem, the poet gave a famous saying, and it is also the theme of the poem, what is that?Answer:(1)Cold pastoral means the lyrical scene on the Grecian urn lacks life and warmth.(2)Contrast.(3)The poet wanted to show the permanence of the art and the transience of human passion presenting his ambivalence/opposing feelings about time and nature of beauty. The saying is "Beauty is truth, truth beauty"7. Introduction of Alfred TennysonSignificanceHe was the most prolific poet in the 19th-century English literature.He is the most representative Victorian poet.His wonderful works show all the qualities of England’s great poets.Poet LaureateAnalysis of the poemThe Eagle: A FragmentIn the first stanza the eagle sits perched up on some high mountain crag in some deserted area, and in the second stanza he suddenly swoops down in flight. Notice the contrast between the two stanzas: in the first the eagle is sitting still, and in the second one he is in flight.Break，Break，Break"Break, Break, Break" is a lyric poem that Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) was believed to have completed in 1834. It centers on Tennyson's grief over the death of his best friend, Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet.The fisherman's boy happily playing with his sister, the sailor merrily singing, the ship busily plying the waters of commerce：The poet’s own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves. ThemesGrief；Preciousness of Youth；Indifference of Nature8 William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)Significance|an Irish poet, dramatist and prose writer|Yeats is the greatest poet in the history of Ireland|the greatest poet to write in English during the twentieth century|He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.The Second Coming|The poem uses religious symbolism to illustrate Yeats' anguish over the apparent decline of Europe's ruling class, and his occult belief that Western civilization (if not the whole world) was nearing the terminal point of a 2000-year historical cycle. |"The Second Coming" is one of Yeats's most famous and most anthologized poems Background|The title of the poem refers to the Christian belief that Christ will return to this earth some day and reign over an age of peace after a great war betweeen Good and Evil has destroyed the old civilizations. Theis rebirth of Christ at some future time is called ―the Second Coming‖Structure|the first stanza describes the conditions present in the world《英国文学选读》要点（3）-- 散文家/短篇小说家/戏剧家及其作品解读标签：英国文学选读要点散文家短篇小说家戏剧家作品解读分类：英国文学选读课程2008-10-21 23:41Francis Bacon（1561—1626）Significancel He is a philosophy, a scientist and the first English essayist.l He is best known for his Essays that is the first example of that genre in English literature.Of Studies -- The most popular of Bacon’s essays.Language FeaturesForceful and persuasive; compact and precise; and the essays reveals to us Bacon’s nature attitude towards learning.l What studies chiefly serve for.l The different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.l How studies exert influence over human characterThemeDifferent ways of studies may exert different influences over human characters. 10. David Herbert Lawrence，1885～1930Significancel English novelist, story writer, critic, poet and painterl one of the greatest figures in 20th-century English literaturel the greatest novelist form a working familyl one of the primary shapers of 20th-century fictionRocking Horse WinnerStylel The opening paragraphs of ―The Rocking-Horse Winner‖ a re written in a style similar to that of a fairy tale. ThemesThe theme of the story is that materialism can lead to spiritual death, and that when we gamble or game for gold, we only are going to win a hollow soul.Evident in "The Rocking-Horse Winner" is Lawrence's distain for conspicuous consumption, crass materialism, and an emotionally distant style of parenting popularly thought to exist in England during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.| rocking horse -- by its very frantic motion, back and forth, symbolizes the frantic grasping for wealth.| Hester -- Paul’s mother, a cold, unfeeling, wasteful, shallow and materialistic woman who is incapable of loving others.William ShakespeareWorks of Shakespeare and the three major periods of his literary life|The first period: 1590 to 1600, In this period he created his best comedies A Midsummer Night‟s Dream, The Merchant of Venice; Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It; and Twelfth Night;|The second period began from 1601 to 1609. In this period he produced his four great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, which represent the climax of his dramatic power.Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy|“To be or not to be” is a philosophical exploration of life and death. The soliloquy conveys ‟the sense of world-weariness.Analysis of Hamlet|Hamlet is a man of Renaissance with humanist‟s ideal.|Hamlet is a hero of the Renaissance. His learning, wisdom, noble nature, limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 16th and the17th century.The theme of “ Hamlet”|It praises Hamlet‟s struggle against his evil uncle.|It expresses the sharp contradiction between the rising bourgeoisie and the feudal power through a bloody revenge.|It also shows that England was no longer a merry England as it was before. It‟s a country full of disturbances, social evils.《英国文学选读》要点（4）-- 小说家及其作品解读标签：英国文学选读要点小说家作品解读分类：英国文学选读课程2008-10-21 23:47Daniel Defoe(1661-1731) and his Robinson CrusoeSignificance|a pioneer novelist of England;|one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel;|Along with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel.The themes|man’s struggles against nature|Glorification of the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determination to improve his livelihood.|Glorification of laborThe style|Realistic styleSymbol – The great wooden cross|The great wooden cross that Crusoe makes to mark time is a symbol of his journey towards rebirth.|The symbol casts a new, somewhat romantic light on the adventure, for it gives hope and foreshadows success for Robinson CrusoeThe Capital letters on the cross|The large size and capital letters show us how important this cross is to Crusoe as a timekeeping device and thus also as a way of relating himself to the larger social world where dates and calendars still matter.|It’s a memorial to Crusoe himself, underscoring how completely he has become the center of his own life.Character Analysis – Robinson Crusoe|Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels.|Through the characterization of Robinson Crusoe, Defoe depicts him as a hero struggling against nature, and human fate with his indomitable will and hand, and eulogizes creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development.|From an individual laborer to a master and colonizer, Crusoe seems to have gone through various stages of human civilization, creating a visual picture to manifest how man’s history has developed from the primitive to the feudal, and then to the capitalistic one in the eighteenth century.Jane Austen(1775-1817) and her Pride and PrejudiceJane Austen 16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817Significance|a woman novelist of the 18th century|the only important female author in the 18-19th century|the first writer who examines women’s position and their problems in the society|She presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the middle -upper -class English. How do you understand Pride and Prejudice?|Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novels.|Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First Impressions".|In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.|In this novel, Darcy stands for Pride and Elizabeth represents Prejudice. In the end, pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved.Theme|Marriage is important to individuals and society.Analysis of the NovelIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.|This is the first sentence of Pride and Prejudice and stands as one of the most famous first lines in literature because of its masterful irony, its humorous tone, and its foreshadowing of the entire novel.|It offers a miniature sketch of the entire plot that the pursuit of ―single men in possession of a good fortune‖ by various female characters.|The second half of the sentence, however, reveals that the "universal truth" is nothing more than a social truth, which ironically is not a truth at all, but a misrepresentation of social facts.|In fact, a woman who has no means of outside support in the 19th century is greatly in need of a wealthy husband.Mrs. Bennet|She is a stupid, vulgar, silly, and noisy woman.|She is a single-minded woman with the desire to see her daughters married and seems to care for nothing else in the world.|Austen uses her continually to highlight the necessity of marriage for young women. Elizabeth Bennet|The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature.|She is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone.|Her beauty, honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society.|She pursues her true love bravely. She is also courageous, fearless and frank.|On the whole, Elizabeth is a typical image of the good, attractive lady in the 19th century.Charles Dickens and his Great ExpectationsSignificance|the greatest novelist in English literature.|the greatest representatives of English critical realism|one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age|His works are intended to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, and corruptness of the 19th-centuray England, particularly London.Key Facts|genres · Bildungsroman (also called initiation stories or coming-of-age stories), social criticism, autobiographical fiction|narrator · Pip|point of view · First personMain Idea of Great Expectations(1861) a novel by Charles Dickens about a young man called Pip who wants to become rich and successful. He is given money by an unknown person, and as a result he becomes a less nice person, but after several difficult experiences, he finally realizes that he must work hard to make enough money to live well, and he becomes a kind, generous man.。
英国文学作品选读复习提纲
英国文学作品选读复习提纲English Renaissance (1500-1625) 14.15世纪Humanism人文主义: Emphases the worth of life in this world, and the dignity of human beingThree periods:1.Imitation and assimilation同化------14世纪末到16世纪上半叶2.Elizabethan Age-flowering time -----16世纪下半叶----Shakespeare3.Epilogue收尾of the English Renaissance------------17世纪初Effect：not confined to literature, music and the fine arts, but affected the whole development of civilization, a broad line dividing Middle Age and Modern Age.William Shakespeare代表作：Hamlet,哈姆雷特Othello, King Lear,李尔王, Romeo and JulietThe Merchant of V enice:Bassanio巴萨尼奥Antonio安东尼奥,Shylock夏洛克,Bassanio’s girlfriend, PortiaTheme: praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a woman of great wisdom, and to disclose the cruelty of shylock. The play is a triumph of friendship and love over greed and avarice, good over evil, humanity over inhumanity.The 17th CenturyMetaphysical School 玄学派特点：complex, highly intellectual verse诗filled with intricate 错综的and far-fetched牵强附会metaphor. Many are about love and death and religion.1.John Donne代表作：An Anatomy解剖in the medieval中世纪, Of the Progress of the soul, A Valediction告别演说: Forbidding Mourning2.John MiltonParadise Lost---epicSatan: intelligent and eloquent雄辩的, pride, courageous and cannot be defeated, question the authority of God, stand for freedom and liberty.God: cruel, unjust, and selfishAdam and Eve: power of man—humanismMiltonic style：Long and involved sentence, a varity of pause, oratorical and logical, use inversion倒装and allusion典故.The 18th century1.Daniel Defoe代表作：The life and strange surprising adventure of Robinson CrusoeTheme: struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable不屈的will and highly praise his creative labor, mental and physical, an allusion to the glorification赞颂of the bourgeois资产阶级creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage原始期of its historical development.2.William Blake代表作：London, The Tyger, The song of innocence(delight) and The song of experience.(confushion)3.Robert Burns---Scottish poet, write poem about ove代表作：Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长，A red red rose, Scots, Wha Hae. Classicism: an attitude to literature that is guided by admiration of the qualities of formal balance, proportion, decorum, and restraint attributed to the major works of ancientGreek and Roman literature.在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊、罗马文学为典范和样板而被称为“古典主义”。
英国文学史选读复习资料
英国文学史选读复习资料英国文学简史复习资料General introduction of English literature1. 1) Old English Literature (449-1066) 古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century) 中世纪英语时期文学——Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400) 杰弗里·乔叟2. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚——Ben Jonson 本·琼生——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688) 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁——William Blake威廉·布莱克——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯5. Romantic English Literature (1798-1832) 浪漫主义时期——William Wordsworth, 威廉·华兹华斯——Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治——George Gordon Byron, 乔治·戈登·拜伦——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱——John Keats, 约翰·济慈——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期（批判现实主义）——W.M. Thackeray, 萨克雷——C harles Dickens, 查尔斯·狄更斯——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Ann Bronte——George Eliot乔治·艾略特——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德7. 20th Century English Literature——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯——T. S. Eliot 爱略特一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) ，Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻metaphor 手法3、Alliteration 头韵（写作手法）例子：of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved,To his k in the k indest, k eenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁—诺曼时期1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里·乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷的故事集》(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理
新编英国文学选读知识点梳理摘要：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述2.英国文艺复兴时期文学3.英国浪漫主义时期文学4.维多利亚时期文学5.20世纪英国文学6.当代英国文学三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略四、提供学习建议和考试技巧正文：一、概述新编英国文学选读的重要性新编英国文学选读作为一门高校英语专业课程，旨在帮助学生深入理解英国文学的发展脉络，掌握各个时期的重要作家和作品。
通过学习新编英国文学选读，学生能够丰富自己的文学素养，提高英语阅读和分析能力。
二、整理新编英国文学选读的主要知识点1.早期英国文学概述：包括早期英国文学的起源、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期、诺曼征服后的英国文学等。
2.英国文艺复兴时期文学：介绍莎士比亚、斯宾塞、马洛等著名作家，以及他们的代表作品。
3.英国浪漫主义时期文学：分析华兹华斯、骚塞、拜伦、雪莱等诗人的创作特点和作品。
4.维多利亚时期文学：探讨狄更斯、萨克雷、特罗洛普等现实主义作家的社会批判精神。
5.20世纪英国文学：涵盖叶芝、艾略特、乔伊斯等现代主义作家的创新表现。
6.当代英国文学：关注贝克特、品特、石黑一雄等后现代主义作家的实验性创作。
三、分析历年考试试题类型及应对策略历年考试试题主要以选择题、填空题、简答题和论述题为主。
针对不同题型，学生应掌握以下策略：1.选择题：熟练掌握各个时期作家的代表作品、风格特点、生平事迹等基本知识。
2.填空题：对重要作品的主题、情节、人物关系等细节有深入了解。
3.简答题：能够概括作者的创作背景、文学地位和作品的主题思想。
4.论述题：具备对文学作品进行深入分析、评价的能力，并能结合社会历史背景进行探讨。
四、提供学习建议和考试技巧1.制定学习计划：合理安排学习时间，确保系统地学习每个时期的文学知识。
2.积累资料：整理历年考试试题，归纳总结出高频考点和易错点。
3.加强练习：多做模拟试题，提高自己的应试能力和文学分析能力。
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英国文学选读复习June, 2010 Part I 复习重点章节1.William Shakespeare;2.Francis Bacon;3.John Donne;4.William Blake;5.Jane Austen;6.Charles Dickens;7.Thomas Hardy;8.Oscar Wilde;9.William Butler Yeats;10.James Joyce;11.D.H. Lawrence;Part II 考试题型1.In this part you are going to explain the following literary terms brieflyand to give examples from the stories you have learned from the courseto illustrate the terms. (about 15 points)Examplescharacter and characterization; symbol and allegory, theme, point of view,etc.)2.Analysis of short stories and novels (about 40 points)Example 1Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserveand caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had beeninsufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was lessdifficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, littleinformation, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fanciedherself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; itssolace was visiting and news.QuestionsWhat can we learn from this short passage about Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet?What was the tone of the passage? Does this passage illustrate the style ofJane Austen?Example 2One evening I went into the back drawing-room in which the priest had died.It was a dark rainy evening and here was no sound in the house. Through one of the broken panes I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water paying in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little.All my senses seemed to veil themselves and feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring: O Love! O Love! many times.QuestionsWhat can we learn about “I” from this short passage? What was the meaning of the sentence “I was thankful that I could see so little.” ? What rhetorical device was used in this passage?Example 3“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his spot with Tess. And the d’Urbervilles knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained thus a long time, absolutely motionless: the flag continued to wave silently. As soon as they had strength they rose, joined hands again, and went on.QuestionsWhat is your understanding of the sentence “And the d’Urbervilles knight and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing”? Was justice really done?What is your understanding of the very end of the novel “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy?3.Analysis of the poems (about 30 points)Example 1Little Lamb I’ll tell thee,Little Lamb I’ll tell thee!He is called by thy name,For he called himself a Lamb;He is meek & he is mild,He became a little child;I a child & thou a lamb,We are called by his name.Little Lamb God bless thee.Little Lamb God bless thee.QuestionsWho is “he” in the third line of this stanza? What is the dominant feeling in this stanza? What are you understanding of the last two lines?Example 2Oh stay, three lies in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.The flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed and marriage temple is;Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,And cloistered in these living walls of jet.Though use make you apt to kill me,Let not do that, self-murder added be,And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.QuestionsWhat extraordinary metaphors (conceits) do you find in this stanza? Give an example and explain it. What is the central idea in this stanza?4.Paraphrasing (about 15 points)Example 1Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, they e many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet on the other side, they are more cruel and hard-heated (good to makesevere inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.Example 2Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with griefThat thou her maid art far more fair than she.Be not her maid, since she is envious.Her vestal livery is but sick and green,And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off.Example 3Thus conscious does make coward of us all,And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awryAnd lost the name of action.More ExamplesAllusion: A reference to an object, an event, a place, or a person, etc, outside of a text itself. E.g. the title of W.B. Yeats’s Second Coming”has a biblical allusion, which refers to the second coming of Jesus Christ.Symbol:In a literary work, it refers to an object, , action or animal, that stands for something more than its literary meaning. E.g. the “Lam b” in William Blake’s poem “Lamb” is a symbol of innocent and humility.ExampleHer image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. On Saturday evenings when my aunt went marketing I had to go to carry some of the parcels. We walked through the flaring streets, jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, amid the curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys who stood on guard by the barrels of pigs' cheeks, the nasal chanting of street-singers, who sang a come-all-you about O'Donovan Rossa, or a ballad about the troubles in our native land. These noises converged in a single sensation of life for me: I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.Question A: According to the passage, what places are the most hostile to romance? Answer: From the description in the extract, it is evident that the narrator considers that the noisy and dirty market and the church is the most hostile to his romance.Question B: What does the passage suggest about the social reality described?Answer: The market and the church symbolize respectively the secular/material life and the spiritual life of the people described in the story. Since both places are most hostile to the romance from the perspective of the narrator, we may infer that the social reality concerned must be depressing and repulsive to genuine human emotion. ExampleAnd even as he lay dead, his mother heard her brother’s voice saying to her: “My God, Hester, you’re eighty-odd thousand to the good, and a poor devil of a son to the bad. But, poor devil, he’s best gone out of a life where he rides his rocking horse to find a winner.”Question: In what way does Uncle Oscar’s comment reveal the theme of the story? Answer: Uncle Oscar’s comment reveals a major theme of “A Rocking Horse Winner” by D. H. Lawrence, that is, a paradox in human life. On the one hand, most of us want to win or succeed in life, and no one wants to be a loser. On the hand, “the devil has “best gone out of life where he rides his rocking horse to find a winner,”which means that a winner is most likely to be the target of devil is after. This symbolically suggests that the winner will eventually end up with destruction.ExampleHe is called by thy name,For he calls himself a Lamb:He is meek & he is mildHe became a little child:I a childe & thou a LambWe are called by his name.Question: What is suggested by the unity reached among “I”, “Lamb” and “He”?Answer: The Lamb, He (Jesus) and I (the symbol of human beings) are all creation of God because the three share the same feature of mildness, meekness (humility) and obedience, which God requires of his creations. This the unity upon which we three have reached,ExampleTo sleep—perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub!For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause. There’s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.Answer: The consideration that we don’t know what would happen after our death makes us rather endure the long suffering in life than to commit suicide.。