外研版名词性从句精讲精练

名词性从句

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）

三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

四：ＳＶＯＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

注意：

1、连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if 都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

2、不可省略的连词：

（1）介词后的连词

（2）引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. （二）主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that

That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

(2)从属连词whether

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever ...

(4)连接副词where, when, how, why ...

What she did is not yet known.

How this happened is not clear to anyone.

Whoever comes is welcome. Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Who will go is not important.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.主要句型有：

（1）It+be+形容词+that从句It is probable that he told her everything. （2）It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. （3）It+be+过去分词+that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. （4）It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice （5）It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

4、当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。

What we need is more time and money.

What we need are many more books.

5、if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown （三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

The question was who could go there. 注意：连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型

It seems/appears that….

It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

3、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1)从属连词that

The trouble is that I have lost his address.

(2)从属连词whether, as, as if

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

The question is whether they will be able to help us. 注意：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句

All this was over twenty years ago, but it\'s as if it was only yesterday.

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

(4)连接副词where, when, how, why

The problem is who we can get to replace her.

The question is how he did it.

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

注意：1.连词because可引导表语从句。

because 与why在引导表语从句的区别：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。（because后面加原因）

I think it is the reason why he was so angry. 我想这就是他如此生气的原因。（why后面加结果）

2.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

I hope (that) everything is all right.

2、介词宾语从句：介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether

I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..

I’m interested in what you’ve said.

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

3、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that

He told us that he felt ill. 注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

①and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词that，放在an或者but的后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south

③ that从句位于句首时，that不可省略

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

④主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that

we would admit him for a probationary period.

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

⑤当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略

I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.

(2)从属连词if/whether

I doubt whether he will succeed.

I don’t know if you can help me.

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

(4)连接副词 where, when, how, why

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.

You may do what you will.

4、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether

I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）