环境学复习题

1Environment

2Ecology

3environmental science

4gross domestic product (GDP) 5resource

6 recycling

7 ecological footprint

8 pollution

9 system

10 matter

11Energy

12species

13Population

14Ecosystem

15Biodiversity

16biogeochemistry cycles

17evolution

18eutrophication

19Soil erosion

20external costs

三. Analysis and comprehension

1. what are two means of science? Name three applications of science. Describe the scientific method. What needs to occur before a researcher’s results are published? Why is important?

2. Describe the benefits and costs of damming rivers. What particular environmental, health, and social concerns has China’s Three Gorges Dam and its reservoirs raised?

3. What is environmental science? Name several disciplines involved in environmental science. Give examples of three major environmental problems in the world today, along with their causes.

4. About how thick is the atmosphere? Name one characteristics of troposphere and stratosphere. How and why is stratospheric ozone beneficial for people, and tropospheric ozone harmful? What is photochemical smog, and how does it form?

5. Describe four unique properties of water. Name three major types of water pollutants, and provide an example of each. Why do some sciences consider groundwater pollution a greater problem than surface water pollution?

6. In the demographic transition model, describe the birth and death rates of the pre-industrial stage and the industrial stage? How does this model explain the increase in population growth rates in recent centuries and the decrease in population growth rates recent decades?

7. What is a system? Distinguish among the inputs ,flows or throughputs, stores, and outputs of a system.

8. Describe the three types of weathering that may contribute to the process of soil formation. Name the five primary factors thought to influence soil formation and describe one effect of each.

9. Describe the reasons why some people support the development of genetically modified organisms and some oppose the genetically modified crops?

10. Why are fossil fuels our most prevalent sources of energy today? Why are they considered nonrenewable sources of energy? What are some of the effects of fossil fuels emissions?

11. Distinguish btween hgh-quality matter and low-quality matter，and give an example of each? what is energy efficiency?

12.What is pollution ?Distinguish between point sources and nonpoint sources of pollution。List three types of harm caused by pollution。

13.Distinguish between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning , and give an example of each.

14.Dstinguish between the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics, and give an example of each law in action. Use the second law of thermodynamics to explain why energy cannot be recycled.

15.what's a feedback loop? Distinguish between a postitive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop , and give an example of each.