PartIIListeningComprehension
2019年06月英语四级真题第1套
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute.s to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more thanl 80 w ords.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three new.s reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three que.s tions. Both the news report and then que tions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you inn I choose the be I answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A) He doubled the reward. C) He set him an example.B) He cheered him on all the way. D) He had the event covered on TV. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) To end the one-child policy. C) To increase working efficiency.B) To encourage late marriage. D) To give people more time to t ravel.4.A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not com into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A) It takes a lot of time to prepare. C) It makes party goers exhausted.B) It leaves the house in a mess. D) It creates noise and misconduct.7.A) Hire an Australian lawyer. C) Settle a legal dispute.B) Visit the U.S. and Canada. D) Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four que.s tion . Both the conversation and the que tions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you inn I choose the be I answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He had a driving lesson. C)He took the driver’s theory exam.B) He got his driver’s license. D)He passed the driver’s road test.9.A) He was not well prepared. C)He was not used to the test format.B) He did not get to the exam in time. D)He did not follow the test procedure.10.A) They are tough. C)They are helpful.B)They are costly. D)They are too short.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies. C) Leeds’ tuition for international s tudents.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds. D) How to apply for studies at a university.13. A) Apply to an American university. C)Perform in a famous musical.B) Do research on higher education. D)Pursue postgraduate studies.14. A) His favorable recommendations. C)His academic excellence.B) His outstanding musical talent. D)His unique experience.15. A) Do a master’s degree. C) Travel widely.B) Settle down in England. D) Teach o verseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the pas.sage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the be.st answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corre.sponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B)Many species remain unknown to scientists.C)Only a few species cause trouble to h umans.D)They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B)They can cause damage to people’s h omes.C)They can survive a long time without water.D)They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food. C) Destroy their colonies close by.B) Keep doors and windows shut. D) Refrain from eating sugary food. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B)The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C)The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D)The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20.A) Report their illnesses. C) Act as research a ssistants.B) Offer blood samples. D) Help to interview patients.21.A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B)Better understanding patients’ immune system.C)Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D)Further reducing old patients’ medical e xpenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B)A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C)His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D)A group of kids were playing chess after school.23.A) Visit a chess team in N ashville.B)Join the school’s chess team.C)Participate in a national chess competition.D)Receive training for a chess competition.24.A) Most of them come from low-income families.B)Many have become national chess champions.C)A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D)Many became chess coaches after graduation.25.A) Actions speak louder than words.B)Think twice before taking action.C)Translate their words into action.D)Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: /u this section, there is’ a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choice . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corre.sponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the word in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.Section BDirections: /u this section, you are going to read a pas.Page with ten tatement attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraph . Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An.s wer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replace J) represent k) restrictive L) reward M) significant N) sponsor O) transmittedHow Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100[A] Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians BN A).Worldwide, Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.[B] Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (UUc) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.[C] Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.[D] But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone( lfi b )had shifted to age 29.[E] While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.[F] Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(iJ TO d0 ) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.[G] And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.[H] The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education,administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained,60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either yourskills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.[I] It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide foundation for building a wide variety of skills.[J] Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (JI I/z ) as people find time rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.[K] A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.[L] These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.[M] With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.[N] Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.36.An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37.Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects.38.Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39.Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40.Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st c entury.41.A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to l ife.42.Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43.Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44.The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45.People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in thi.s .s ection. Each passage i followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choice marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow I i0 , couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset I @ Y ) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic I ' ‘II k? illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health p roblems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the noes who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population,Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”46.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A)They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B)They are as binding as they used to be.C)They are not taken seriously any more.D)They may help couples tide over hard times.47.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A)They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B)They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C)They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D)They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48.What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A)They are more likely to be widowed.B)They are more likely to get divorced.C)They are less likely to receive good care.D)They are less likely to bother their spouses.49.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A)They are more accustomed to receiving care.B)They find it more important to make money for the family.C)They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D)They expect society to do more of the j ob.50.What does Karraker think is also important?A)Reducing marital stress on wives.B)Stabilizing old couples’ relations.C)Providing extra care for divorced women.D)Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s( R 4 )1 )name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive ( iJ lfi k? )error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, foundthat the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51.H ow might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted. B) Unhappy.C) Confused. D) Indifferent.52.W hat did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work.B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty m emory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53.What is most likely the cause of m isnaming?A)Similar personality traits. B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54.What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A)It more often than not hurts relationships.B)It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C)It is most frequently found in extended families.D)It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55.Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A)They suffer more frustrations.B)They become worn out more often.C)They communicate more with their children.D)They generally take on more work at home.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer one Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
he is a staff writer六级听力
he is a staff writer六级听力Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answ er from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He is a staff writer.B) He is an adventurer.C) He is an author of fiction.D) He is a father of four kids.2. A) They are interested in fairy tales.B) They are curious and autonomous.C) They are a headache to their parents.D) They are ignorant of politics.3. A) He offers them ample editorial guidance.B) He recommends model essays to them.C) He gives them encouragement.D) He teaches them proofreading.4. A) Her tastes in books changed.B) She realized the power of reading.C) Her reading opened her eyes to the world.D) She began to perceive the world differently.【答案&原文】A B C AW:1) Mr. David Jackson, a staff writer at The New Yorker, is known for his non-fiction books of adventure. Today we go on a different kind of adventure –Jackson’s life of parenting his offspring. David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue you are dealing with right now?M: It’s easy to focus on the challenges.2) But so far, I find these ages to be kind of wonderful.They are independent, and they have their own curiosities and o bsessions. You can talk to them about fairly sophisticated subject matter such as politics.W: Yes, that does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask you to proofread their essays? M: Certainly. With writing they do.3) I really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age, editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children read?M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading. Learning to love to read, I think, is the optimal thing, because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.W: So you’re not too concerned like some parents with the content they’re reading. I know I have some worries about that.M: Yeah. Read what you like. If a child loves graphic novels or comic books, whatever it is that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.W: 4) I feel that children’s tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you think? M: I think it’s especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their eyes to the world and people. So, I think both fiction and nonfiction are really important, because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What do we learn about David Jackson from the conversation?2. What does the man think of young teenagers?3. How does the man help his kids with their essays?4. What does the woman say about herself when she was a teenager?Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She is a website designer.B) She is a university graduate.C) She is a main street store owner.D) She is a successful entrepreneur.6. A) They were repeatedly rejected by shops.B) They were popular with her classmates.C) They showed her natural talent.D) They were mostly failures.7. A) She had a strong interest in doing it.B) She did not like ready-made clothes.C) She could not find clothes of her size.D) She found clothes in shops unaffordable.8. A) Study fashion design at college.B) Improve her marketing strategy.C) Add designs for women.D) Expand her business.【答案&原文】D D C D。
全新版进阶综合B4A
全新版进阶综合B4APart I WritingFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Filial Gratitude. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinses.1.现在社会上有很多不孝敬父母的现象；2.孝敬父母的必要性；3.怎样做到孝敬父母。
Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A. 62. B. 64. C. 60. D. Unknown.2. A. The better-off. B. Financial institutions.C. Ordinary people.D. Government.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A. Give teachers extra help. B. Engage in many activities.C. Show up in class.D. Offer constructive advice.4. A. It has nothing to do with higher math score.B. It works in some subjects, but not in others.C. It leads to higher scores in social studies.D. It encourages students to do better in class.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A. Stricter security restrictions were imposed on luggage.B. Luggage delivery services offer travelers convenience.C. New services caused a lot of trouble in checking luggage.D. Airlines give travelers opportunities to fly first class.6. A. Two minutes. B. Two hours.C. Two days.D. Two weeks.7. A. The pickup time is not scheduled.B. Extra packaging is required.C. Valuables are easily lost.D. The price might be too high.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One8. A. Freshman. B. Sophomore. C. Junior. D. Senior.9. A. She wanted Dr. Tyler to sign on her schedule card.B. She wanted Dr. Tyler to determine the number and variety of her courses.C. She wanted to talk to Dr. Tyler about the modern American novel.D. She wanted to explain why she dropped the chemistry course.10. A. If his seminar on the modern American novel is welcomed.B. If he signs his mane, Jenny won’t work hard as ever.C. If Jenny can take two seminars in a semester.D. If six courses might be too much for Jenny.11. A. Calculus. B. Modern poetry.C. Chemistry.D. Introductory economics. Conversation Two12. A. He wants to get his money back.B. He wants to exchange the sweater for another one.C. He wants the clerk to help him read the Chinese instructions.D. He wants to see why the color of the sweater changed.13. A. It is the wrong size. B. The fabric is coming apart.C. It is stained.D. It shrinks a lot.14. A. The customer didn’t follow the instructions.B. The sweater was out of stock.C. The man no longer has the store receipt.D. The man isn’t a VIP.15. A. Because it wasn’t shown out.B. Because it was printed small.C. Because it was too obvious to notice.D. Because it was erased by the woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One16. A. High expectation. B. Opposite characters.C. Showing satisfaction.D. Forgiving and communicating.17. A. 80. B. 82. C. 160. D. 164.18. A. People should aim high to ensure they are active in maintaining a happy marriage.B. The couple’s relationship skills are important to their marriage.C. People tend to select partners with different characters in marriage.D. Partners who have the same characters will lead to a dull relationship. Passage Two19. A. How to improve your reasoning ability.B. Why classical music is popular with math students.C. The difference between classical music and rock music.D. The effects of music on the results of math tests.20. A. Because it keeps you calm.B. Because it strengthens your memory.C. Because it stimulates you nerve activity.D. Because it improves your problem-solving strategies.21. A. The effects of music do not last long.B. Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.C. Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.D. The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be. Passage Three22. A. Because there are no signs to direct them.B. Because no tour guides are available.C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.23. A. They set their own exams.B. They select their own students.C. They award their own degrees.D. They organize their own laboratory work.24. A. Most of them have a long history.B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.25. A. Very few of them are engaged in research.B. They were not awarded degrees until 1948.C. They have outnumbered male students.D. They were not treated equally until 1881.Part III Reading Comprehension( 40 minutes )Section A Matching Paragraphs with InformationDirections: The following is a list of items in English. After reading it, you are required to find the Chinese equivalents in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets.A) Lunch for the workers constructing the China World Trade Centre Tower in Beijing begins at 11:45. Thousands of hard-hatted men pour out of the site of the 74-story high-rise that will be the city's tallest. Most dig into their lunches on the sidewalk. Others head for a food stand where a tin bowl of sheep-gut soup costs 14 cents. Mr. Wang, who comes from a rural village in Henan Province, runs a crew installing ventilation shafts in the first 30 floors of the trade tower. His helmet, too narrow for his formidable head, sits high and rocks when he talks, more so when he laughs. Wang, at 51, has a burly body and confident eyes, but several of his charges are teenagers fresh off the farm. As boss, he bears responsibility for their mistakes, so sometimes he speeds their trainingwith his boot.B) Wang and his crew are part of an army of largely unskilled workers, more than a million strong, that has helped turn Beijing into what is perhaps the largest construction zone in history, with thousands of new projects under way. Once a flat cityscape dominated by the imperial Forbidden City and monumental but drab public buildings, Beijing has been struck by skyscraper fever. Over the past 30 years, China's economy has averaged nearly 10 per cent annual GDP growth, driven by the marriage of world-class technology with a vast low-cost workforce. That same dynamic has turned China into an architects' playground, first in Shanghai in the 1990s as its skyline filled in with high-rise marvels, and now in Beijing, which is building at a mad pace in preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in August.C) Beijing's newest buildings push aesthetic and technological bounds, each out shimmering the last. Most major projects have been designed by foreign architects: Chinese clients crave innovation and hunt beyond China to get it, says American architect Brad Perkins, founder of Perkins Eastman in New York. During Mao's Cultural Revolution, architects were more technicians than artists (even the term architect was considered bourgeois), and private architectural firms were a rarity until a decade ago. "By turning to foreigners like me," says Perkins, "the Chinese are buying 30 to 40 years of experience they didn't have."D) China's low-wage workers in turn allow foreign architects to design structures that would be too costly to build at home, with decorative tops, intricate latticework, and bold engineering. The linear grace of the China World Trade Centre Tower, for instance, comes from an innovative cross-bracing system that gives it strength against the city's seismic rumblings and high winds, and from glass louvers engineered to make the most of the city's sunlight. But the tower's architects, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, also used technology that could be handled by crews working at breakneck speed. The building's prefabricated window walls can be snapped together rather than cut on-site, as they would be with more highly trained workers. Using huge construction crews that work around the clock, foreign architects get to see big projects to completion in China in a remarkably short time, often within three to four years. "Some people in China—including Chinese architects—believe their country has become the Western architects' weapons testing ground,'" says Perkins.E) For centuries China's leaders have reshaped the capital to showcase their power and reflect their preoccupations. The Forbidden City was constructed during the 15th century to project the Ming dynastic rulers' connection to heaven. A throng of Soviet-style halls, stadiums, and vast boulevards sprang up in the 1950s and 1960s following the Communist Party's rise to signify the collective strength of workers and the absolute control of Mao's rule. Today Beijing, the national emblem, is being remade as China's global city. When new buildings open, officials like to speak of how the structures embody the country's "soft power". Outsiders, goes the message, need not fear China asan aggressor nation or military power.F) This message is clearest in the 40-billion-dollar building spree occasioned by the Olympics, the nation's coming-out party. The buildings say that China is big and powerful, but also inventive, sophisticated, and open. Look at three of the most prominent new structures: One is a stadium that looks like a bird's nest, another an aquatic centre that resembles a blue bubbly cube, a third an arts centre in the form of an egg as big as a city block. Nests, bubbles, and eggs—a whimsical, approachable China. And then there's the "twisted doughnut", the stunning giant home to CCTV, China's government-run broadcaster. Still unfinished, the building connects at the top with cantilevered sections that meet 31 feet high in the air. Practical-minded Beijingers crane their necks and wonder aloud whether the skewed tower will tumble.G) A complaint often heard: Many of these structures are designed for foreign tastes, not Chinese. "China is not confident of its own designs, and people prefer to try something new," observes Du Xiaodong, editor of The Chinese Heritage magazine in Beijing. "The results are disconnected from whatever's next door, and the newest building in the world sits next to some of the oldest, standing together like strangers."H) One of the public shames of Beijing is that its building boom has destroyed most of the city's old Hutong neighborhoods of traditional courtyard houses, whose residents are often forcibly relocated to make way for projects that enrich developers. Pei Zhuand Tong Wu, the Chinese architects who designed the digital command centre for the Olympics, are among the few architects trying to preserve and adapt what remains of the old city. Instead of razing and building over historic neighborhoods, they'll take a factory constructed during Mao's time and refashion it with courtyards and glass walls that offer vistas of the old city. The approach restores Beijing as a city for walkers. Above all it balances the old with the new, a fitting combination for an ancient capital in transition.I) As for Mr Wang, he will likely be among the million or more migrants who will have returned home or moved on to other jobs before the Olympics commence. When the television cameras roll, the city's futuristic vista will have little place for the workers who built it.Statements:( )26. Beijing has been reshaped by many leaders to show their power and reflect their concerns.( )27. Most newest buildings in Beijing have been designed by foreign architects. ( )28. Several of the workers who construct the China World Trade Centre are just in their teens.( )29. The new structures in Beijing are totally different from the old ones.( )30. Workers are likely to return home or do other jobs before the Olympics commence.( )31. Some projects designed by foreign architects are too costly to be built in their own countries.( )32. Over the past 30 years, China's economy has been growing very fast.( )33. Some Chinese architects find solutions to balance the old architectures with the new ones.( )34. It is strange to see the architecture of a new style standing beside the old one. ( )35. The building boom in Beijing has destroyed most of the city's traditional courtyard houses.Section B Multiple Choice（水平）Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes（鱼雷）fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people—mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany—were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those inthe water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “I’ll never forget the screams," says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave—and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children—with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: "Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East." The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: "Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.”The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable—and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize （使……不得势）the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.36. Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history?A)It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.B)Most of its passengers were frozen.C)Its victims were mostly women and children.D)It caused the largest number of casualties.37. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when _________.A) a strong ice storm tilted the shipB) the cruise ship sank all of a suddenC) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideD) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats38. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century because Germans _________.A) were eager to win international acceptanceB) felt guilty for their crimes in World War IIC) had been pressured to keep silent about itD) were afraid of offending their neighbors39. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy?A) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.B) By describing the ships sinking in great detail.C) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.40. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that _________.A) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedyB) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation’s past misdeedsC) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IID) it is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countriesPassage TwoQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Recently a Beijing father sent in a question at an Internet forum（论坛）asking what “PK” meant. “My family has been watching the ‘Super Girl’ singing competition TV program. My little daughter asked me what 'PK' meant, but I had no idea,” explained the puzzled father.To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, “PK” is short for “Player Kill”, in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.In the case of the “Super Girl” singing competition, “PK” was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking. Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students’ compositions using Internet jargons which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn’t understand.“My ‘GG’ came back this summer from college. He told me I’ve grown up to be a ‘PLMM’. I loved to ‘FB’ with him together; he always took me to the ‘KPM’,” went one composition.“GG” means Ge Ge（Chinese pinyin for brother）. “PLMM” refers to Piao Liang Mei Mei（beautiful girl）. “FB” means Fu Bai（corruption）. “KPM” is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s.Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language.If you do not even know what a Kong Long（dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female）or a Qing Wa（frog, referring to an ugly looking male）is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao.41. By writing the article, the writer tries to ________ .A) explain some Internet languageB) suggest common Internet languageC) laugh at the Beijing fatherD) draw our attention to Internet language42. What does the writer think about the term “PK”?A) Fathers can’t possibly know it.B) The daughter should understand it.C) Online game players may know it.D) “Super Girl” shouldn’t have used it.43. The examples of the Beijing father and the Tianjin teacher are used to show that Internet jargons ________.A) are used not only onlineB) can be understood very wellC) are welcomed by all the peopleD) cause trouble to our mother tongue44. The underlined word “jargons” means “________” in Chinese.A) 行话B) 粗口C) 歌词D) 趋势45. What would be the best title for the passage?A) A puzzled fatherB) Do you speak Internet-ish?C) Keep away from Internet-ishD) Kong Long or Qing Wa?Section C Banked ClozeDirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank beside the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina, a planktonic, predatory（捕食的）sea snail that is a member of the taxonomic group more___46_____ known as sea butterflies. The name is___47___ from the wing-like lobes（叶瓣）the tiny creatures use to get around. In a study____48___ published in journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Oregon State University have found that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying（酸化）, in other words—is dissolving L.helicina’s thin shells.The researchers collected sea butterfly___49__ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast (between Washington and southern California，going over each with a scanning electron microscope). More than half of the shells from onshore individuals____50__ signs of “severe dissolution damage,” while 24% of___51___ individuals suffered dissolution damage. The study’s___52___ investigator, Dr. Nina Bednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L.helicina shells as having a texture not unlike “cauliflower” or “sandpaper”.According to the paper，there was a “strong positive___53___ ” between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and “the percentage of under saturated（未达到饱和的）water” near the ocean’s surface. The researchers conclude “shell dissolution owing to human caused ocean___54__ has doubled in near shore habitats since pre-industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050,” a truly___55__ prediction. Moreover, the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear, as damaged shells make it harder for L.helicina to fight infections, staybuoyant, and protect themselves from predators.Part IV TranslationFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinses to English.在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。
2014年12月2014年12月B级考试真题听力原文与参考答案
2014年12月（B级）真题听力原文与参考答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1. M: Can I help you, Madam?【答案】B2. M: How much does the T-shirt cost?【答案】D3. W: May I have your name, please?【答案】A4. W: Where can I find the application form, sir?【答案】C5. W: Can you leave a message for him?【答案】A6. M: Shall I meet you in your office this afternoon?【答案】C7. W: Could I have your business card?【答案】DSection B8. W: How is your business going on?M: I’m lucky enough, it’s quite good.Q: How is the man’s business now?【答案】A9. M: May I talk to Mr. Smith about the sales plan?W: Sorry. He is in the meeting.Q: What is Mr. Smith doing now?【答案】C10. W: This is a very good presentation, isn’t it?M: Yes, I like it very much.Q: What does the man think of the presentation?【答案】B11. W: I didn’t see you in the office yesterday.M: I didn’t come because I was ill.Q: What happened to the man yesterday？【答案】D12. M: Please tell John to book a flight ticket for me.W: Ok, I’ll tell him right now.Q: What does the man want John to do?【答案】B13. W: Does your company still need a secretary, sir?M: Yes, we need a secretary in our marketing department.Q: Which department is to hire a secretary?【答案】A14. W: Have you bought a car?M: Yes, it’s a second-hand car, but it works well.Q: What does the man say about his second-hand car?【答案】DSection CConversation 1W: Hi, Robert, this is Jane.M: Hi Jane, what’s up?W: I’m going on a holiday, could I borrow your camera for two weeks?M: That’s OK.W: Thanks a lot. Could I pick it up tonight?M: Yes, I guess so.15. What’s the woman going to do?【答案】B16. What is the woman going to borrow from the man?【答案】CConversation 2W: Let’s take a coffee break, shall we?M: Sorry, I can’t.W: Why are you so busy?M: Well, I’ve got to finish this report.W: You can’t just stay on the computer forever.M: But I have to finish it this morning.W: Anyway, I think you do need to take a break.17. What does the woman ask the man to do?【答案】D18. Why is the man so busy?【答案】B19. Where does the conversation most probably take place?【答案】ASection DLadies and gentlemen, our plane is flying smoothly now. The duty-free sales will soon begin. Please (20) prepare you list of purchase. In your seat pocket, you can find the Shopping on Board magazine. All prices are listed both in the local currency and in US dollars. And you can pay (21) by cash or by using a credit card. We accept (22) most major credit cards. Frequent passengers win points (23) on all sales on board. There are some excellent bargains and there are several items specially designed for our (24) airline. Thank you!20.【答案】prepare21.【答案】by cash22.【答案】most23.【答案】on all sales24.【答案】airlinePart II Listening Comprehension Section A25. C26. A27. B28. D29. D30. A31. B32. C33. A34. DSection B35. seriously36. be raised37. personal38. more effective39. differencesPart III Reading Comprehension Task 140. D41. B42. C43. A44. BTask 245. B46. C47. ATask 348. $244,90049. neighborhood50. upstairs51. schools52. ********************Task 453. B, E54. M, P55. Q, K56. D, I57. O, CTask 558. a house59. your situation60. an interview61. Senior Services62. buying your homePart IV Translation—English into Chinese63. B-A-C64. C-B-A65. A-B-C66. B-C-A67. 欢迎加入我们的徒步团队。
2023年6月浙江省大学英语三级考试真题试卷
6月浙江省大学英语三级考试试卷Part Listening Comprehension (30 marks, 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10short conversations. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestion will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. Duringthe pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D),and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.1. A) Yes,because she enjoys parties.B) No,bacause doesn’t have time for it.C) Yes, bacause she likes to relax on weekends.D) No, bacause she has to meet someone at a restaurant.2. A) Boss and secretary. B) Lawyer and client.C) Father and daughter. D) Teacher and student.3. A) He has never been on a warship before.B)He doesn’t like staying on a ship.C)He has been on a warship before.D) It is the first time he has been aboard a warship.4. A) He will improve hie French. B) He will come up with an idea.C) He will write the whole email. D) He will try to help the woman.5. A) A driving test. B) A regular class.C) A car journey. D) A traffic signal.6. A) Riding a bike. B) Taking a shower.C) Going to work. D) Brushing his teeth.7. A) Seattle. B) Portland.C) Vancouver. D) San Francison.8. A) At the bank. B) At the restaurant.C) At the post office. D) At the police station.9. A) The woman failed in the eaxm.B) The woman did quite well in the exam.C) The woman got wrong in all exam.D) The woman was worried about her exam result.10. A) A reasonable grade. B) Some encouragement.C) Criticism for poor work. D) Instructions for changes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passage. At the end of each passage. You will hear some questions. The passage will be read twice and the questions will bespoken only once. Aften each question, there will be a pause. During the pause,youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D),and decide which is thebest answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.Questiaons 11 through 13 are based on the following passage:11. A) Unpleasant. B) Not too bad.C) Unacceptable. D) Not difficult.12. A) He meets others regulary. B) Hee changes his usual habits.C) He touches others’ belongings. D) He makes frequent phone calls.13. A) Setting good examples. B) Giving children good ideas.C) Establishing family. D) Involving themselves in kid s’ activites. Questions 14 through 16 are best on the following passage:14. A) Asia. B) Africa. C) Europe. D) America.15. A) Pollution. B) Unemployment.C) Food shortage. D) Population decrease.16. A) World population stops growing. B) There will be 8 billion people in India.C) 15% of the world population is elderly. D) China makes up 21% of world population. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage:17. A) By providing oil for them. B) By giving them space.C) By providing food for them. D) By giving them hope.18. A) To indicate that it is warmer in the ocean than on land.B) To show that a steamship is better than other kinds of ships.C) To argue that man should use steamships to prevent popution.D) To illustrate that man can get new sources of energy from the sea.19. A) Energy. B) Population. C) Technology. D) Temperature.20. A) Sea and Man’s Needs. B) Sea Harvest and Food.C) Sea and Sources of Energy. D) Sea Exploring Technology.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read forthe secong time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 21 to 27 with theexact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 28 to 30 you are requiredto fill in the missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the exact wordsyou just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when thepassage is read the third time,you should check what you have written.注意; 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答The people who lived in Rome thousand years ago were already complaining about the noise in their city. They couldn’t sleep, they said, with all that (21) in the steets. For them, noise was (22) a disturbance. For us is has become a real (23) . We know that the sounds of an (24) city are loud enough to cause serious damage to the inhabitants’(居民) (25) -- in the United States, one out of twenty has stuffered some hearing (26) . And all over the world the situation is (27) all the time, since noise increases with the population.It has also increased enormously in the twentieth century (28) . We live in an environment surrounded by loud planes, trucks, motorcycles, buses, electric tools, radios, ect. That roar day and night up to 90 or 100 decibels (分贝).Unfortunately, the human ear does not judge clearly (29) .A sound ten decibels louder than another one is felt as twice as loud, when in fact it is ten times louder. Since we cannot measure the increase or decrease of noice, (30) .Part II Reading Comprehension (40 marks,40 minutes)Section ADirections:There are 3 passage in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C), andD).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre .Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Mr. And Mrs. MacGregor live in a village near Inverness in the north of Scotland. One morning, they found a dog in their garden. They took the dog in, gave it some meat, and watched it go into a corner and go to sleep. They decided to let the animal stay overnight, and to took for its owner in the morning. Then they left home to pay a visit to their gaughter in Inverness.They came home at about eleven. As they opened the front door, they were welcomed by a snarling (狂吠旳) boxer, standing with bared teeth. Any attempt to calm the animal met with angrt barkinng. Soon all the neighbors were awake, and came out to offer helpful advice.Then the fire brigade was called. They arrived at midnight. But all their attempts only made the dog more violent. They couldn’t get near it. The fire brigade gave up and called the police. When they arrived, it was one in the morning, and nearly all the villagers were gathered in the MacGregor’s garden. The police thought about it. They advised that the dog should be shot.However, someone went for an expert dog handler. This expert arrived at two in the morning with a huge Alsatian. He said, “This won’t take long”But it did. Two animals stood and stared and snarled at each other. It wan a draw.Then a vet (兽医) was sent for. By the time he arrived, it was 4 a.m. He borrowed a rope, made a lasso (套索), and threw the loop over the boxer’s head.He dragged it into the garden, stuck a needle in it, and put it to sleep. The police removed it.MacGregor said, “This animal will make a wonderful watchdog. But the new owners must be prepared to stay indoors for a few days until the dog gets to know them.”31. What breed is the dog in the story?A) Alsatian. B) Lasso. C) Boxer. D) Watchdog.32. What did Mrs. MacGregor do with the dog before they left home to visit their doughter?A) They tied it in the garden. B) They kept it in a loced room.C) They let it loose in their house. D) They put it to sleep with medicine.33. What did the dog do when Mr. And Mrs MacGregor returend grom their visit to theirdaughter?A) The dog welcomed them home.B) The dog bit them because is was hungry.C) The dog wanted to get out of their house.D) The dog did not let them enter their own house.34. What did the neighbors do when they were woken up?A) They used their own dogs to help.B) They complained and called the police.C) They tried to help the couple out with advice.D) They were very angry and wanted to kill the dog.35. Who finally succeded in keeping the dog under control?A) The vet. B) The fire fighters.C) The police. D) The expert dog handler.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Nearly half of all marriages end in divorce. This surpring statistic makes many people think twice before tying a knot (结). This statistic also makes one wonder what cause a maariage to succeed. My parents have been married for thirty-three years, and though they’ve had their their ups and downs, they have had a wonderful relationship. Why has their marriage succeeded?My parents have always expressed their love for each other. Thoughout their courtship (求婚) they did many wonderful things for each other: buying flowers, wreting letters, and sending surprises. They’ve continued these practices throughout their marriage as ways of showing love.Another quality of my parents’marriage is that they are flexible about their demands and expectations of each other. When I was four, Dad was laid off from his job. As a result, Momentered the workforce. Although Dad was soon rehired, Mom enjoyed her job so much that she decided to keep is. Dad was a bit surprised, but he could see that is made her happy. If problems arose because of the time demands of their jobs, they worked through these problems—together.My parents remain committed (忠诚旳) to each other, even during difficult times. Early in their marriage, Dad was sent overseas as a communications specialist. He wrote home every now and then, but he didn’t see Mom for nine moths. Mom was home alone. Sometimes her single coworkers would encourage her to go out with them and have a good time. When I asked her why she didn’t, she told me that she had made a commitment to my father and she was living by that commitment. When they were reunited, they had nothing to be ashamed of and nothing to be angry with each other about. I have come to believe that their absolute commitment yo each other is, more than anything else, what has caused their marriage to work.I noce heard someone say that marriage isn’t a fifty-fifty deal. It’s ninety-ten on both sides. Could that be the secret of a successful marriage? It seems to describe the one my parents have.36. According to the paasage, people tend to hesitate befoe they .A) get married B) start courtshipC) get a divorce D) look at the statistic37. What is the key factor that contribute to the successful marriage of the author’s parents?A) Their loyalty toward each other.B) Their common interests and attitudes towards life.C) Their readiness to express their love for each other.D) Their capability to deal with their jobs and family life.38. When the father got hid job again, the mother .A) did not quit her job B) entered the workforce tooC) was laid off from her job D) returned home to raise the kids39. Why didn’t the mother go out to enjoy herself while the father was away from home?A) She couldn’t spare any time.B) She was fed up with betrayal of any kind.C) She preferred to stay on her own.D) She lived up to her commitment to the father.40. What is the secret of a successful marriage according to the author?A) To make commitments. B) To give more than to take.C) To solve problems together. D) To send gifts to each other occasionally.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Marc, an intelligent and attractive boy, was 6years old when his parents came to our clinil. His family consisted of his father (37 years), his mother (30 years), himself (6 years), and his sister,Jill (4 years). His parents were well educated. They were both rather rational (理性旳) people and also tried to raise their children in a rational and responsible way.It appeared that, from babyhood, Marc loved external stimulation, but found it hard to amuse himself. When he could not yet wlke or crawl he easily became frustrated. He often wanted to achieve things that were outside his range. As Marc was his mother’s eldest child, she gave him, from birth on a lot of sttention. His mother was a competent but insecure woman. She felt increasingly inadequate as a mother because Marc was demanding and difficult to please, and received little support from her husband in the upbringing of the children. When Marc’s sister,Jill, was born, Marc continued demanding as much of his mother’s attention as he did before. However, it was no longer physically possible for her to give Marc what he wanted. The mother was very happy with her daughter; Jill happened to be a very easy child. For the first time she felt that taking care of a child was not necessarily a hard job. Marc developed an extreme jealousy. He occasionally showed sadistic (虐待狂旳) behaviors toward his sister, which made the motherafraid to leave the children without her supervisiom (监管). The mother constantly tried to fulfill her children’s wishes, but primarily functioned as a peacekeeper. She developed angry and anxious feelings toward her son, because he increasingly spoiled the atmosphere at home with his concentrated on his work. On weekends, he sometimes took one child out (while the mother went away with the other child) to prevent the many scenes and quarrels that occurred when the family was together.41. What is the main problem for the mother?A) Marc’s sister’s safety issue. B) Marc’s father’s absence in chil care.C) Marc’s poor achievement at school. D) Marc’s demanding and envious behavior.42. When did Marc first show his problem?A) Before he could walk. B) After his sister was born.C) After he started school. D) When his parents went to the clinic.43. What can be said about Jill compared with Marc?A) She was hard to please. B) She was unhappier than Marc.C) She was as jealous as Marc. D) She was easier to get along with.44. Which of the following words better describes the mother when Marc misbehaves?A) Angry. B) Surprised. C) Envious. D) Insecure.45. Which of the following can be said about the father?A) He was a good scholar. B) He did not like children.C) He was hard on the kid. D) He felt helpless with children.Section BDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.The European Commission has approved funding for 196 new projects under the second call for the LIFE+ programme (-), the European fund for the environment. The projects are from across the EU and 46 actions in the fields of nature conservation (保护), environmental policy, and information and communication. Overall, they 47 a total investment of €431 million, of which the EU 48 provide €207.5 million.Following the 49 for proposals, which chosed in November , the Commission 50 more than 600 proposals from pubic or 51 bodies from the 27 EU Menber States. Of these, 196 were 52 for co-funding through the programme’s three components: LIFE+Nature and Biodiversity, LIFE+ Environment Policy and Governance and LIFE+ Information and Communication.LIFE+ Nature & Biodiversity 53 improve the conservation status of endangered species and habitates. LIFE+ Environment Policy & Governance projects are pilot projects that 54 to the development of innovative policy ideas, technogies, methods and instruments. LIFE+ Information and Communication projedts disseminate (散布) information and rise the profile of environmental issues, and 55 training and awareness-raising for the prevention of forest fires.Part III Integrated Testing (15 marks, 20 minutes)Section ADirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.Adolescents (青少年) mirror the communication they see in their home. Most parents 56 to model how to ask for what you want in a clear and 57 way. They make assumptions that 58 they say something, their meaning is clear and specify. My husband has a memory of his mother 59 cross with him because she told him to “put the thing in the thing on the thing.”He had no idea 60 she wanted him to do. She knew exactly what she wanted him to do. She knew exactly what she wanted but he would have needed to be a 61 reader to get the correct message-that she 62 wanted him to put the bread in the bread-bin 63 the counter top.Anger and criticism are closely linked 64 behind both emotions are needs that are not being met. 65 how family relationships could change if parents made 66 of an effort to take responsibility for what they ask, and if they judged their success by the 67 of their children. What would happen if a parent who 68 tells a child to shop slouching (没精打采地坐), 69 , “You look great when you sit up straight?” I suspect the positive message would be heard, 70 you?When parents are 71 about what they want and children hear their requests, 72 anger disapper? No, and we wouldn’t want to 73 anger because it is one of the basic human emotions. What we will 74 is a growing self-awareness that makes for connnection-and that is where transformation 75 and love is nurtured and grows. Isn’t that what all parents want for themselves and for their children?56. A) try B) refuseC) fail D) intend57. A) respective B) respectfulC) respectable D) respected58. A) when B) howC) though D) since59. A) is B) beenC) was D) being60. A) how B) thatC) which D) what61. A) head B) brainC) heart D) mind62. A) really B) eventuallyC) actually D) practically63. A) in B) onC) at D) over64. A) and B) becauseC) but D) although65. A) Imagine B) SupposeC) Consider D) Assume66. A) less B) muchC) little D) more67. A) replies B) responsesC) actions D) behaviors68. A) obvionally B) simplyC) occasionally D)normally69. A) saying B) saidC) and saying D) and said70. A) don’t B) won’tC) aren’t D) can’t71. A) exact B) specificC) clear D) obvious72. A) may B) canC) should D) will73. A) dismiss B) loseC) express D) neglect74. A) have B) hasC) having D) had75. A) takes B) bringsC) makes D) occursSection BDirections: In this part there is a short passage followed by five questions or inocomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete theatatemnets with no more than 10 words. Please write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.British children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. in England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum (课程), which was introduced in 1988 and sets out in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievementthey should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14, and 16, when they are tested. The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach.At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE exminations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. At to have A-levels in order to go to a university or polytechnic (综合技术大学).In scotland, students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, sfter which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate od Sicth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different from that in England and Wales.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。
2016年6月四级真题及答案解析(第一套)
2016年6月四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when youwere in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C) Rising unemployment worldwide.D) Global economic recovery.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B) Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D) Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Serve standardised food nationwide.B) Put calorie information on the menu.C) Increase protein content in the food.D) Offer convenient food to customers.4. A) They will be fined.B) They will be closed.C) They will get a warning.D) They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Inability to implement their business plans.B) Inability to keep turning out novel products.C) Lack of a successful business model of their own.D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A) It is the secret to business success.B) It is the creation of something new.C) It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D) It is an essential part of business culture.7. A) Its hardworking employees.B) Its flexible promotion strategy.C) Its innovation culture.D) Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2021年6月大学英语四级考试真题 (第2套)真题解析
2021 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题(第 2 套)答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled “Is technology making people lazy?”The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Many studies claim that computers distract people, make them lazy thinkers and evenlower their work efficiency.【参考范文】Is technology making people lazy?No one could deny the fact that we are living in an age where the advancements of technology are continuing to accelerate and changing every aspect of our life. At the same time, there has been widespread public debate over whether technology can make people lazy.On the one hand, some people hold the view that technological advancements have really offered more convenient and effective choices for us to communicate, learn and work. For example, learners are flooded with learning opportunities at their fingertips. But on the other hand, there is a risk that technology can make people lazy. This is due to the fact that modern people nowadays are heavily reliant on technological inventions. For instance, many young people always indulge in online social media platforms or computer games and thus are reluctant to do physical exercise on a regular basis. Besides, some students depend on using a calculator to work out simple math problems.In conclusion, technological advancements can bring us both benefits and problems. In view of the risk mentioned above, I highly suggest that we should avoid relying too much on technology. 【解析】这篇作文需要就题目给出的问题Is technology making people lazy? 发表自己的看法。
2024年6月大学英语四级考试听力样题
2024年6月高校英语四级考试听力样题Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken onlyonce . After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the c entre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital.2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.B) It is known for the quality of its goods.C) It remains competitive in the recession.D) It will expand its online retail business.4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.C) Cut its DVD publishing business.D) Sell the business for one pound.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A) All taxis began to use meters.B) All taxis got air conditioning.C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers' complaints.B) Environmentalists' protests. D) Permission for car advertising.7. A) There are no more irregular practices.B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.D) New legislation protects consumer rights.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,y ou will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Aft er you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe cent re.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It has a partnership with LCP. C) It specializes in safety from leaks.B) It is headquartered in London. D) It has a chemical processing plant.9. A) He is a chemist. C) He is a safety inspector.B) He is a salesman. D) He is Mr. Grand's friend.10. A) The public relations officer. C) Director of the safety department.B) Mr. Grand's personal assistant. D) Head of the personnel department.11. A) Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.B) Leave a message for Mr. Grand.C) Provide details of their products and services.D) Send a comprehensive description of their work.Conversation TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Teacher. C) Editor.B) Journalist. D) Typist.13. A) Some newly discovered scenic spot.B) Big changes in the Amazon valley.C) A new railway under construction.D) The beautiful Amazon rainforests.14. A) In news weeklies. C) In newspapers' Sunday editions.B) In a local evening paper. D) In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.15. A) To become a professional writer. C) To get her life story published soon.B) To be employed by a newspaper. D) To sell her articles to a news service.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each pa ssage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will b e spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answ er from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondin g letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She is both a popular and a highly respected author.B) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves.C) She is the most loved African novelist of all times.D) She is the most influential author since the 1930's.17. A) The Book Critics Circle Award. C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction.B) The Nobel Prize for literature. D) The National Book Award.18. A) She is a relative of Morrison's. C) She is a skilled storyteller.B) She is a slave from Africa. D) She is a black woman.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They are very generous in giving gifts.B) They refuse gifts when doing business.C) They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D) They give gifts only on special occasions.20. A) They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B) They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C) They have to follow many specific rules.D) They pay attention to the quality of gifts.21. A) Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B) We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C) We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D) Reading extensively can make one a better gift-giver.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.B) She developed a strong interest in finance.C) She learned to write for financial newspapers.D) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.23. A) She inherited a big fortune from her father.B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C) She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.D) She made a wise investment in real estate.24. A) She was dishonest in business dealings.B) She frequently ill-treated her employees.C) She abused animals including her pet dog.D) She was extremely mean with her money.25. A) She carried on her family's tradition.B) She made huge donations to charities.C) She built a hospital with her mother's money.D) She made a big fortune from wise investments.Tape Script of Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of eac h newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report andthe questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must ch oose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mar k the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the ce ntre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, theSomali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed morethan 70 pe ople. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey fromNa irobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to beloade d on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were leftsmashed, a nd blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier,Uganda's police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. When did the incident occur?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. It's been in businessnearl y a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company's decision tocall in ad ministrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain's slidetowar d recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been introuble for years.Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition fromsu permarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.Many of the store group's 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areassu ch as the DVD publishing business will survive.3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, butals o for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there havebeen si gns of improvement. That's due in part to the removal of many of the capital's old-fashioned blac k and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in apoor state of repai r.After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfortan d because the new cabs are metered, they don't have to argue over fares. Banks and carmanufact urers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers,most are deli ghted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a fewcomplaints about switc hing from black and white to a plain white colour.5. What change took place in Cairo recently?6. What helped bring about the change?7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choos e the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark t he correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centr e.Conversation OneW: Morning, this is TGC.M: Good morning. Walter Barry here, calling from London. Could I speak to Mr. Grand, please?W: Who's calling, please?M: Walter Barry, from London.W: What is it about, please?M: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company,LCP,Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. Iwould like to speak to Mr. Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC protect itself fromsuch pro blems and save money at the same time.W: Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.M: Can you tell me when I could reach him?W: He's very busy for the next few days – then he'll be away in New York. So it's difficult to giveyo u a time.M: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?W: Who in particular?M: A colleague for example?W: You're speaking to his personal assistant. I can deal with calls for Mr. Grand.M: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?W: No, I'm sorry he won't be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send usdetails of your products and services, together with references from other companies and thenwe'll con tact you.M: Yes, that's very kind of you. I have your address.W: Very good, Mr….M: Barry. Walter Barry from LCP in London.W: Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.M: Thank you. Goodbye.W: Bye.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. What do we learn about the woman's company?9. What do we learn about the man?10. What is the woman's position in her company?11. What does the woman suggest the man do?Conversation TwoM: You're going to wear out the computer's keyboard!W: Oh, hi.M: Do you have any idea what time it is?W: About ten or ten-thirty?M: It's nearly midnight.W: Really? I didn't know it was so late.M: Don't you have an early class to teach tomorrow morning?W: Yes, at seven o'clock. My commuter class, the students who go to work right after theirlesson.M: Then you ought to go to bed. What are you writing, anyway?W: An article I hope I can sell.M: Oh, another of your newspaper pieces? What's this one about?W: Do you remember the trip I took last month?M: The one up to the Amazon?W: Well, that's what I'm writing about—the new highway and the changes it's making in theAmaz on valley.M: It should be interesting.W: It is. I guess that's why I forgot all about the time.M: How many articles have you sold now?W: About a dozen so far.M: What kind of newspapers buy them?W: The papers that carry a lot of foreign news. They usually appear in the big Sunday editionswhe re they need a lot of background stories to help fill up the space between the ads.M: Is there any future in it?W: I hope so. There's a chance I may sell this article to a news service.M: Then your story would be published in several papers, wouldn't it?W: That's the idea. And I might even be able to do other stories on a regular basis.M: That would be great.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What is the woman's occupation?13. What is the woman writing about?14. Where do the woman's articles usually appear?15. What does the woman expect?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each pa ssage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will b e spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answ er from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondin g letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneIn today's class, we'll discuss Toni Morrison's novel Beloved. As I'm sure you all know, Morrisonis both a popular and a highly respected author, and it's not easy to be both. Born in 1931,Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on the African-Americanexperience ever written by anyone, and yet to call her an “African-American writer” doesn'tseem to do her ju stice. In many ways, she's simply an American writer—and certainly one ofour best.Beloved is a truly remarkable work. It was recommended for nearly every major literary prize,incl uding the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and it in fact wonthe P ulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988. Morrison herself is distinguished for having won the NobelPrize fo r literature in 1993.What makes Beloved unique is the skillful, sure way in which Morrison blends intensely personals torytelling and American history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of Blackswith the experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with a sense ofmyst erious spirituality.We'll be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this work. I'm particularlyinterest ed in your views on the relative importance of race and gender in this book. Is it moreimportant t hat Sethe, the main character, is black or that she's a woman? Which contributesmore to her bei ng? What does Morrison tell us about both?Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What do we learn about Toni Morrison?17. What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?18. What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character in Morrison's novel Beloved?Passage TwoThe topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So you may thinkth at gift-giving is a universal custom. But actually, the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot, and notkn owing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America, the rules are fairly simple.If yo u're invited to someone's home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or a small item from yourcountr y. Among friends, family, and business associates, we generally don't give gifts on otheroccasions except on someone's birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on the other hand, givegifts quite fre quently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving inJapan is very anc ient. There are many detailed rules for everything from the color of thewrapping paper to the tim e of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don't generallyexchange business gifts, they do fo llow some formal customs when visiting homes, such asbringing flowers. The type and color of flo wers, however, can carry special meaning.Today we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additionalexamples. But let's not miss the main point here: If we are not aware of and sensitive to culturaldifferences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learnabout these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respectdifferences among p eople in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?20. What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?21. What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage ThreeHetty Green was a very spoilt, only child. She was born in Massachusetts, USA, in 1835. Herfather was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two herfather to ok her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six shestarted read ing the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account.Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited $7.5 million. She went to New York andinvest ed on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15cents. She b ecame one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she marriedEdward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.Hetty's meanness was well known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to theloc al grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone forher m uch loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. Shenever bough t clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when herson Ned fell an d injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking forfree medical help. I n the end Ned lost his leg.When she died in 1916 she left her children $100 million. Her daughter built a hospital with herm oney.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?25. What do we learn about Hetty's daughter?参考答案Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. A7. CSection B8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. DSection C16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C。
2014年6月英语四级真题及答案第一套
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.1.A) See a doctor about her trained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reachthe tea.C). Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelfnext time.2.A) At Mary Johnson’s. B)At a painter’s studio.C)In an exhibition hall. D)Outside an art gallery.3.A)The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.B)She does not quite agree with what the man said.C)The man had better talk with the students himself.D)New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.4.A)He helped Doris build up the furniture. B)Doris helped him arrange thefurniture.C)Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves. D)He was good at assemblingbookshelves.5.A)He doesn’t get on with the others. B)He doesn’t feel at ease in thefirm.C)He has been taken for fool. D)He has found a better position.6.A)They should finish the work as soon as possible.B)He will continue to work in the garden himself.C)He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D)They can hire a gardener to do the work.7.A)The man has to get rid of the used furniture.B)The man’s apartment is ready for rent.C)The furniture is covered of lot’s of dust.D)The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.8.A)The man will give the mechanic a call. B)The woman is waiting for a call.C)The woman is doing some repairs. D)The man knows the mechanic very well. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)She had a job interview to attend. B)She was busy finishing her project.C)She had to attend an important meeting. D)She was in the middle of Writingan essay.10.A)Accompany her roommate to the classroom.B).Hand in her roommate’s application formC)Submit her roommate’s assignment.D)Help her roommate with her report.11.A)Where Dr.Elli’s office is located. B)When Dr.Ellis leaves his office.C)Directions to the classroom building. D)Dr.Ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)He finds it rather stressful. B)He is thinking of quitting it.C)He can handle it quite well. D)He has to work extra hours.13.A)The 6:00 one. B)The 6:30 one.C)The 7:00 one. D)The 7:30 one.14.A)It is an awful waste of time. B)He finds it rather unbearable.C)The time on the train is enjoyable. D)It is something difficult to getused to.15.A)Reading newspapers. B)Chatting with friends.C).Listening to the daily news. D).Planning the day’s work.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Ignore small details while reading.B)Read at least several chapters at one sitting.C)Develop a habit of reading critically.D)Get key information by reading just once or twice.17.A)Choose one’s own system of marking.B)Underline the key words and phrases.C)Make as few marks as possible.D)Highlight details in a red color.18.A)By reading the textbooks carefully again.B)By reviewing only the marked parts.C)By focusing on the notes in the margins.D)By comparing notes with their classmates.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.B)The amount of sleep for each person is similar.C)One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.D)Everybody needs some sleep survival.20.A)It is a made-up story. B)It is beyond cure.C)It is rare exception. D)It is due to an accident.21.A)His extraordinary physical condition.B)His mother’s injury just before his birth.C)The unique surroundings of his living place.D)The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.B)She learned to write for financial newspapers.C).She developed a strong interest in finance.D)She tenderly looked after her sick mother.23.A)She made a wise investment in real estate.B)She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C)She got 7.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.D)She inherited a big investment in real estate.24.A)She was extremely mean with her money.B)She was dishonest in business dealings.C)She frequently ill-treated her employees.D)She abused animals including her pet dog.25.A)She made a big fortune from wise investment.B)She built a hospital with her mother’s money.C)She made huge donations to charities.D)She carried on her family’s tradition.Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its generalidea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are requiredto fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second –language teachers are those which are 26 in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to 27 him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly 28 .Speakers of English have a similar gesture means goodbye or go away,Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1C and 6C over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (宜居的) and 42 for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random（无规律的） variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 --but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The End Of The Book?A)Amazon, by far the largest booksellers in the country, reported on May 19 thatis now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format . That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.B)Dose this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, andperhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go througha transformation in the next decade or some profound than any it has been sinceGutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.C)Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass marketpaperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,”etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.D)As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in thatthe purchasers are not the consumers, so the market ( and the marking ) is inherently strange.E)For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technologicalchange and see what happened to the old technology.F)One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better,chapter, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more thana middle-class house. Three were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450.By 1500 there were 10 million.G)But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwritinglingered on (继续存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.H)Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts ofit while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.I)Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TVdidn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons. J)Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“ Jack Benny,”) “Amos and Andy,”“The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drivea car and watch television at the same time, rush hour become radio’s primetime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one. K)Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry (骑兵) replaced the chariot (二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L)Sometimes new technology is a little cranky (不稳定的) at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passengers business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed.But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough ) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. ( The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)M)Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was percent in every upper- and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire. Fire was one of the earliestmajor technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.N)Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art an there is a tactile (触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fire place on a cold winter’s night.O)For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplace, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lights go out.46.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition (命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths )-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文学科) and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative (创新的) leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem:” Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.56.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A)STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B)The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C)The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D)Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A)Their interest in relevant subjects. B)The academic value of the courses.C)The quality of education to receive. D)Their chances of getting a good job.58.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A)They benefit students in their future life.B)They broaden students’ range of interests.C)They improve students’ communication skills.D)They are essential to students’ healthy growth.59.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A)Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B)Those who are good at solving practical problems.C)Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D)Those who have received a well-rounded education.60.What advice does the author give to college students.A)Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B)Try to take a variety of practical courses.C)Prepare themselves for different job options.D)Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and you never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical ( 修辞的 ) companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely thought through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep to our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle of biofuel (生物燃料) available，and more may become available，but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad, Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back impacts?Third, there are benefits to trade, It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A)It sounds very attractive. B)It ensures national security.C)It will bring oil prices down. D)It has long been everyone’s dream.62.What does the author think of biofuels?A)They keep America’s economy running healthily.B)They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C)They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D)They cause serious damage to the environment.63.Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?A)It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B)Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C)It wants to keep its own environment intact.D)Its own oil production falls short of demand.64.What does the author say about oil trade?A)It proves profitable to both sides.B)It improves economic efficiency.C)It makes for economic prosperity.D)It saves the cost of oil exploration.65.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A)To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.B)To arouse America’s awareness of the energy crisis.C)To stress the importance of energy conservation.D)To explain the increase of international oil trade.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元。
2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案卷三
2019年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2019年6月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs(暗礁) perfect for scuba diving (水肺式潜水) and preserving marine __26__. Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was __27__ of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane __28__ the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction will bring tourists tothe area.The plane __29__ a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will __30__ be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's __31__ Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under US $ 100, 000, but they hope to see a return on that __32__ through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the __33_ of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest __34_ sunk aircraft ever.Taking a trip underwater and __35__ the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make people think. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienced divers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scuba diver's paradise （天堂）.A) create F) exterior K) revealingB) depressed G) habitats L) stretchesC) eventually H) innovate M) strippedD) experiences I) intentionally N) territoryE) exploring J) investment O) victimSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While Y ou're At ItA) We've always been a hands-on, do it-yourself kind of nation. Ben Franklin, one of America's founding fathers, didn't just invent the lightning rod. His creations include glasses, innovative stoves and more.B) Franklin, who was largely self-taught, may have been a genius, but he wasn't really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity.C) The personal computing revolution and philosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California, in the mid-1970s. Members-including guys named Jobs and Wozniak-started making and inventing things they couldn't buy.D) So it's no surprise that the Maker Movement today is thriving in communities and some schools across America. Making is available to ordinary people who aren't tied to big companies, big defense labs or research universities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by John Dewey, Montessori, and even ancient Greek philosophers, as we pointed out recently.E) These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serving an important educational function. The Maker Movement is rediscovering learning by doing, which is Dewey's phrase from 100 years ago. We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it doesn't look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the community. It has tools and materials. It's a place where you get to make things based on your interest and on what you, re learning to do.F) Ideas about learning by doing have struggled to become mainstream educationally, despite being old concepts from Dewey and Montessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the American context, Ralph Emerson, on the value of experience and self-reliance. It's not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sense, by trial and error. Learning from experience is something that takes time and patience. It's very individualized. If your goal is to have standardized approaches to learning, where everybody learns the same thing at the same time in the same way, then learning by doing doesn't really fit that mold anymore. It's not the world of textbooks. It's not the world of testing.G) Learning by doing may not be efficient, but it is effective. Project-based learning has grown in popularity with teachers and administrators. However, project-based learning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a distinction. The difference lies in whether the project is in a sense defined and developed by the student or whether it's assigned by a teacher. We'll all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to learn about X, Y, andZ. That tends to be one form of project- based learning.H) I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea within your head—or you just borrow it from someone—and begin to develop it, repeat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thing that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. I'm interested in how these things are expressions of that person, their ideas, and their interactions with the world.I) In some ways, a lot of forms of making in school trivialize （使变得无足轻重）making. The thing that you make has no value to you. Once you are done demonstrating whatever concept was in the; textbook, you throw away the pipe cleaners, the straws, the cardboard tubes.J) Making should be student-directed and student-led, otherwise it's boring. It doesn't have the motivation of the student. I'm not saying that students should not learn concepts or not learn skills. They do. But to really harness their motivation is to build upon their interest. It's to let them be in control and to drive the car.K) Teachers should aim to build a supportive, creative environment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isn't the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are responsible for working through that problem. It might be they have to talk to other students in the class to help get an answer.L) The teacher's role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a diminished role for teachers. I think it's a heightened role. You're creating this environment, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing different things. You are watching them and really it's the human behaviors you're looking at. Are they engaged? Are they developing and repeating their project? Are they stumbling （受挫）？Do they need something that they don't have? Can you help them be aware of where they are?M) My belief is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be hands-on, but it enables us to be good learners. It's not the knowledge that is valuable; it's the practice of learning new things and understanding how things work. These are processes that you are developing so that you are able, over time, to tackle more interesting problems, more challenging problems-problems that require many people instead of one person, and many skillsinstead of one.N) If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educational plan. I think a maker space is more like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple things that you can learn. What seems to be missing in school is how these subjects integrate, how they fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, "This is science, over here is history," I see schools taking this idea of projects and looking at: How do they support children in higher level learning?O) I feel like this is a shift away from a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. It's still in its early stages, but I think it's shifting around not what kids learn but how they learn.36.A maker space is where people make things according to their personal interests.37.The teachers’role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during the process.ing up with an idea of one's own or improving one from others is key to the concept of making.39.Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly individualized.40.America is a nation known for the idea of making things by oneself.41.Making will be boring unless students are able to take charge.42.Making can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by students themselves.43.The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum.44.The maker concept is a modern version of some ancient philosophical ideas.45.Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make something meaningless to them based on textbooks.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time to unlearn that training-this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organizers are inviting New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor's Island.The project is called Writing On It All, and it's a participatory writing project and artistic experiment that has happened on Governor's Island every summer since 2013."Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there," Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All, tells Smithsonian, com.The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by everyone from dancers to domestic workers. Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. This year, the programs range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one that explores the meaning of exile.Governor's Island is a national historic landmark district long used for military purposes. Now known as "New York's shared space for art and play," the island, which lies between Manhattan and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay, is closed to cars but open to summer tourists who flock for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these "legal graffiti (涂鸦）" sessions.The notes and art scribbled (涂画）on the walls are an experiment in self-expression. So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85. Though Chasin says the focus of the work is on the activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her."One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls," says Chasin, explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. "People do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages."46.What does the project Writing On It All invite people to do?A) Unlearn their training in drawing.B) Participate in a state graffiti show.C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti.D) Exhibit their artistic creations in an old house.47.What do we learn about the participants in the project?A) They are just culture addicts.B) They are graffiti enthusiasts.C) They are writers and artists.D) They are mostly passers-by.48.What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind.B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session.C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing.D) They were required to cooperate with other creators.49.What kind of place is Governor's Island?A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists.B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles.C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles.D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round.50. What does Chasin say about the project?A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females.B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art.C) It has started the career of many creative artists.D) It has created some meaningful artistic works.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily becausedepressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized （随机的）control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care I from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background' severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants （抗抑郁药）.After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors."It's an important, cautionary note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists," says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. "Being depressed can mean feeling "lost in your own small' negative, dark world," Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. "When you're emotionally vulnerable, you're even more in need of a caring human being," he says.51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.C) They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.D) They have been well received by a lot of patients.52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?A) Their effectiveness in combating depression.B) The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.D) The recommendation by primary care doctors.53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from physicians.B) The process of treating depression is often more complicated than anticipated.C) The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is most effective.D) Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extreme caution.54. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?A) They should not be neglected in primary care.B) Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.C) They should be used by strictly following instructions.D) Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?A) A positive state of mind.B) Appropriate medication.C) Timely encouragement.D) Human interaction.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。
Part II Listening Comprehension
Part II Listening Comprehension(共35分) (30 minutes)Section A （每题1分，共15分）Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) To a restaurant. B) To a hotel.C) To a hospital. D) To a store.2. A) Weights and measures. B) The government.C) The cost of living. D) Science classes.3. A) She has bought a new one.B) She has none at present.C) She has only an old one.D) Her sister has given her one.4. A) Leather gloves always serve as good gifts.B) Their niece already has a pair of leather gloves.C) Only one size will fit.D) The gloves are all the same size.5. A) In a library. B) In a restaurant.C) In a hospital. D) In a drugstore. .6. A) A good presentation needs a lot of preparation.B) The presentation was very good.C) He can always turn to her for help.D) He should get some sleep.7. A) She did not like all the rain.B) The rain is good for the crops.C) Part of each day was clear.D) She hopes the drought is over.8. A) In New York City. B) In his sister’s home.C) In Greece. D) On a plane.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) A bank teller and a patron. B) An accounts manager and a customer.C) A sales clerk and a shopper. D) A stock broker and a client.10. A) She thinks it makes good sense.B) She thinks it’s unreasonable.C) She thinks it should have been implemented sooner.D) She thinks it’s good business.11. A) Take her business someplace else .B) Talk to the manager .C) Change her purchases.D) Open an account.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) At the university’s main library.B) At the graduate school library.C) At the county public library.D) At the city’s largest private library.13. A)To choose a topic for a term paper.B) To type some research materials.C) To find material not available in the main library.D) To learn to use the computers there.14. A) An analysis of early presidential elections.B) A comparison of political journals.C) The use of computers in calculating election results.D) The impact of television on recent presidential elections.15. A) Travel to that library to get it. B) Pay to use it.C) Read it in the graduate school library. D) Order the material from the publisher.Section B（每题1分，共10分）Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) How many poor people there were in his town.B) Whether the poor people really needed his help.C) If the people of the town were worthy of his help.D) Who was willing to do a seemingly thankless job.17. A) A very large stone.B) A cow.C) A big tree.D) A sack of rice.18. A) Most people passed around without complaining.B) Most people tried to move the stone away.C) Most people did nothing but complaining.D) Most people fell against the stone19. A) A bag of money. B) An envelope.C) A cheque. D) Both A and B.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) Animals lived in cages made of concrete with iron bars.B) Animals lived in natural environments.C) Streams of water flew through the cages.D) Several species of animals lived together.21. A) Because the zoo keeper did not take good care of themB) Because the animals were not fed well.C) Because the environment was anything but natural.D) Because the cages were too dirty.22. A) Animals live in more natural environments .B) Trees and grass grow in the cages.C) A deep ditch filled with water surrounds the area where animals live.D) All of the above.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just beard.23. A) He earned $100,000 a week.B) He used to have nightmares.C) All actors cared very much about the audience’s response.D) We all need genuine appreciation.24. A) Praise and encouragement.B) Laughter and clapping.C) To be praised and to learn how to praise.D) To love and to be loved.25. A) They are young and sensitive.B)They particularly care about the parents’ appreciation.C) Lack of kindly appreciation might affect the growth of children’s character.D) Lack of timely encouragement might make children lose self-confidence.Section C（每题1分，共10分）Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答。
2019年12月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案卷三
2019年12月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2019年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力, 本套真题听力与前两套内容相同, 只是选项顺序不同, 因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or __26__ the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is __27__ , and the label says "pure water". But maybe what's inside is not so __28__ . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world __29__ microplastics?That's the conclusion of a recently __30__ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries,__31__ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a __32__ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and __33__ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this __34__ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the __35__ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A) adequate E) evidence I) natural M) sealedB) admiring F) instant J) potential N) solvesC) contains G) liquid K) released O) substanceD) defending H) modified L) revealingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The quiet heroism of mail deliveryA)On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakata, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and business closed, and more that 1000 flights were canceled.B) Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery."Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees," USPS announced Wednesday morning, "the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan.30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.C) As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather.In2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from2017'sHurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.D) Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机) caught footage (连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. "I followed my route like I normally do," Smith told are porter. "As I came across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail--outgoing mail -- in it. And so I picked those up and carried on."E) USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country,285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.F) As soon as it's safe enough to be outside, couriers (邮递员) start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.G) Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail -- anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.H) It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.I) Mail companies are logistics (物流) companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a "unique federal asset" to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. "I think we're unique as a federal agency," USPS official Mike Swigart told me, "because we're in literally every community in this country... We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis."J) Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed morethan1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS'scharitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. "We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role," said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. "We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving," he said.K) Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines -- mail delivery being one of them -- may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. "When they see that carrier back out on the street," Swigart said, "that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal."36.The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies.38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were setup.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all the 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill with the questions and answers. After some adjustments and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn't inform them about Jill's true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all the questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the futureof artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46.What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Arificial Itelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47.What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students' questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48.What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.49.How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students' questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don't hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goals, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public, and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.50.What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.51.What is the purpose of Mike Schafer' s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.52.What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfiunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations.B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.D) The value of the proposed project.53.What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。
卓顶精文2019年6月英语六级第二套及答案解析.doc
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertomajorinscien ceorhumanitiesatcollege,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequire dtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheen dofeachconversation,youmilhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandth equestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchooseth ebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespo ndingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Doingenjoyablework.B)Havingfriendlycolleagues.C)Earningacompetitivesalary.D)Workingforsupportivebosses.2.A)31%.B)20%.C)25%.D)73%.3.A)Thoseofasmallsize.B)Thoserunbywomen.C)Thosethatarewellmanaged.D)Thosefullofskilledworkers.4.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.B)Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.C)Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.D)Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.B)Itisanintroductiontomusic.C)ItisaboutthecityofBruges.D)Itisacollectionofphotos.6.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.B)WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.C)Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.D)WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.7.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.B)TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.C)TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.D)ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.8.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.B)Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.C)Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.D)Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpa ssage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionsw illbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationbeforehand.B)Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.C)Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.D)Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.10.A)Aperson’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.B)Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.C)Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performance.D)Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.11.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems.B)Makealistofdo’sanddon’ts.C)Picturethemselvessucceeding.D)Trytoappearmoreprofessional.12.A)Sheworeadesignerdress.B)Shewonherfirstjurytrial.C)Shedidnotspeakloudenough.D)Shepresentedmovingpictures.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.B)Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.C)Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.D)Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.14.A)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.B)Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.C)Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.D)Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.15.A)Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.B)Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.C)Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.D)Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesort alksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce .Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesm arkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1witha singlelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing.B)Conductingresearchonconsumerbehavior.C)Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.D)Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.17.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.B)Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.C)Itisachiefconcernofparents.D)Itisanactofsocialising.18.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehavior.B)Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.C)Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.D)Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.B)Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.C)Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.D)Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.20.A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrenc y.B)Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.C)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.D)Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.21.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.B)Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.C)Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.D)Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.22.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.B)Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.C)Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.D)Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Populationexplosion.B)Chronichunger.C)Extinctionofrarespecies.D)Environmentaldeterioration.24.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation.B)Abouthalfofthemareunintended.C)Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.D)Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.25.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.B)Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.C)Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.D)Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequ iredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfol lowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoic es.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondi ngletterforeachitemonAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.You maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AfterbecomingpresidentofPurdueUniversityin2019,MitchDanielsaskedt hefacultytoprovethattheirstudentshaveactuallyachievedoneofhighereduca tion’smostimportantgoals:criticalthinkingskills.Twoyearsbefore,anationwidestudyofcollegegraduateshadshownthatmorethanathirdhadmadeno__26__ gainsinsuchmentalabilitiesduringtheirschoolyears.Mr.Danielsneededto__ 27__thehighcostofattendingPurduetoitsstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afteral l,thepercentageofAmericanswhosayacollegedegreeis“veryimportant”hasfal len__28__inthelast5-6years.Purduenowhasapilottesttoassessstudents’criticalthinkingskills.Yet likemanycollegeteachersaroundtheU.S.,thefacultyremain__29__thattheirw orkaseducatorscanbemeasuredbya“learning__30__”suchasagraduate’sabilit ytoinvestigateandreason.However,theprofessorsneednotworrysomuch.There sultsofarecentexperimentshowedthatprofessorscanuse__31__metricstomeas urehowwellstudentsdointhreekeyareas:criticalthinking,writtencommunica tion,andquantitativeliteracy.Despitethesuccessoftheexperiment,theactualresultsareworrisome,and mostly__32__earlierstudies.Theorganizersoftheexperimentconcludedthatf arfewerstudentswereachievingathighlevelsoncriticalthinkingthantheywer edoingforwrittencommunicationorquantitativeliteracy.Andthatconclusion isbasedonlyonstudentsnearinggraduation.Americanuniversities,despitetheirglobal__33__forexcellenceinteach ing,haveonlybeguntodemonstratewhattheycanproduceinreal-worldlearning. Knowledge-baseddegreesarestillimportant,butemployersare__34__advanced thinkingskillsfromcollegegraduates.Iftheintellectualworthofacollegede greecanbe__35__measured,morepeoplewillseekhighereducation---andcomeou tbetterthinkers.A)accuratelyB)confirmC)demandingD)doubtfulE)drasticallyF)justifyG)monopolizedH)outcomeI)predominanceJ)presumingK)reputationL)significantM)signifyN)simultaneouslyO)standardized SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstateme ntsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparag raphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaycho oseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbon[A]Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay“lowforlong”.Notwithstandingimp ortantrecentprogressindevelopingrenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpri cescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytech nologies.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenh ousegases.[B]Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenerg ytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughc orrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversiblean dpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersf iscalbenefits.。
2014年6月英语四级真题及答案第三套
2014年6月英语四级真题及答案第三套Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like totake him/her to see and why?_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.1.A.It was mainly meant for cancer patients.B.It might appeal more to viewers over 40.C.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.D.It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.2.A.The man admires the woman's talent in writing.B.The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.C.The woman is a photographer.D.The man is fond of traveling.3.A.The man placed the reading list on a desk.B.The man regrets being absent-minded.C.The woman saved the man some trouble.D.The woman emptied the waste paper basket.4.A.He has left the army recently.B.He quit teaching in June.C.He has taken over his brother's business.D.He opened a restaurant near the school.5.A.She read only part of the book.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.6.A.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.B.She was absent all week owing to sickness.C.She was seriously injured in a car accident.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.7.A.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.B.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.C.The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.D.The speakers want to rent the Smiths' old house.8.A.The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.B.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.C.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.D.The woman was offended by the man's late arrival.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.10.A.A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B.It was a busy season for holiday-makers.C.The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D.There was a conference going on in the city.11.A.It was free of charge on weekends.B.It was offered to frequent guests only.C.It had a 15% discount on weekdays.D.It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.12.A.Demand compensation from the hotel.B.Find a cheaper room in another hotel.C.Ask for an additional discountplain to the hotel manager.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.B.Head of the Overseas Students Office.C.Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.D.An employee in the city council at Birmingham.14.A.A small number are from the Far East.B.A large majority are from Latin America.C.About fifteen percent are from Africa.D.Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.15.A.She will have more contact with students.B.She will be more involved in policy-making.C.It will be less demanding than her present job.D.It will bring her capability into fuller play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Her parents immigrated to America.B.Her parents set up an ice-cream store.C.Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.D.Her parents thrived in the urban environment.17.A.He was born with a limp.B.He taught English in Chicago.C.He worked to become an executive.D.He was crippled in a car accident.18.A.She was fascinated by American culture.B.She was very generous in offering help.C.She was highly devoted to her family.D.She was fond of living an isolated life.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.He was seriously injured.B.He was wrongly diagnosed.C.He developed a strange disease.D.He suffered a nervous breakdown.20.A.He raced to the nursing home.B.He was able to talk again.C.He could tell red and blue apart.D.He could not recognize his wife.21.A.Two and a half months.B.Twenty-nine days.C.Fourteen hours.D.Several minutes.22.A.They released a video of his progress.B.They avoided appearing on television.C.They welcomed the publicity in the media.D.They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.B.For people to share ideas and show farm “products.C.For officials to educate the farming community.D.For farmers to celebrate their harvests.24.A.By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.B.By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.C.By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.D.By performing a special skill at the entrance.25.A.They help to increase the state governments' revenue.B.They contribute to the modernization of American farms.C.They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.D.They provide a stage for people to give performances.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents.Most parents are ( 26) __________, butsome of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in( 27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children'sdifficulties.For one thing, parents are often not ( 28) __________the kinds of problems their children face.They don't realize that the ( 29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change.( 30) __________to seeing A's andB's on high school report cards,they may be upset when their children's first semester college gradesare below that level.At their kindest, they may ( 31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, theymay ( 32) __________to take their children out of college, or ( 33)__________funds.Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and( 34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each personmust develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, who are now young( 35) __________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any ,of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world.Part of the warming isnatural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice____36____away.However, we have already reached temperatures that are in____37____with other minimum-iceperiods, so continued warming is likely not natural.We are____38____to a predicted worldwide increase intemperatures____39____between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years.The warming will be more____40____insome areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off.Likewise, the____41____of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels,while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable ( 益居的) and____42____for humans thanthese areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on____43____, everywhere.Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the resultof a human-induced global warming trend.Some scientists_____44____that the changes we are seeing fallwithin the range of random ( 无规律的) variation--some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years____45____but that is becoming an increasingly rareinterpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A.appealingB.averageC.contributingD.dramaticE.frequentlyF.impactG.lineH.maintainI.meltedJ.persistK.rangingL.recentlyM.resolvedN.sensibleO.shockSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer thequestions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A.Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling morebooks in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format.That is remarkable,considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years.E-books now account for 14 percentof all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.E-book salesare up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacksdecreased 8 percent.B.Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all.What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade orso more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type inthe 1450s.C.Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace.Mass market paperbacks, whichhave been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries,thrillers, “omance fiction,”etc.Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections,either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.Hardback andtrade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will becomethe mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is Still published in hard copy.D.As for children's books, who knows? Children's_ books are like dog food in that the purchasers arenot the consumers, so the market ( and the marketing) is inherently strange.E.For clues to the book's future, let's look at some examples of technological change and see whathappened to the old technology.F.One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both.Thegreater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old.Printingwith moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with theold-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.A Bible--to be sure, a longbook--required vellum made from 300sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor.Before printingarrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house.There were perhaps 50,000 books in all ofEurope in 1450.By 1500 there were 10 million.G.But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwriting lingered on( 继续存在)well into the 16th century.Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they areone-of-a-kind show pieces.H.Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the restto evolve.The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but theydidn't, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce.Equally, TV wassupposed to replace movies but, again, did not.I.Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater.And while TV didn't kill movies, it didkill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.J.Nor did TV kill edy and drama shows ( “Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”)all migrated to television.But because you can't drive a car and watch television at the same time,rush hour became radio's prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged theiraudiences.Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K.Sometimes old technology lingers for centtmes because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry ( 骑兵)replaced the chariot ( 二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC.But chariots maintained theirplace in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later.Thesword hasn't had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dressuniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L.Sometimes new technology is a little cranky ( 不稳定的) at first.Television repairman was a commonoccupation in the 1950s, for instance.And so the old technology remains as a backup.Steamshipscaptured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greaterspeed.But steamships didn't lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had anasty habit of breaking down.Until ships became large enough ( and engines small enough) to mounttwo enginesside by side, they needed to keep sails.( The high cost of steam and the lesser need forspeed kept the majority of the world's ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)M.Then there is the fireplace.Central heating was present in upper- and middle-class home by thesecond half of the 19th century.But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling pointin a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire.Fire was one of theearliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food ( which is much easier to eat and digest).Human control of fire goes back far enough ( over a millionyears) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect ofhuman life.N.Books--especially books the average person could afford--haven't been around long enough toproduce evolutionary change in humans.But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless,a hold extending far beyond their literary content.At their best, they are works of art and there is atactile ( 触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions.The ability to quickly thumbthrough pages is also lost.And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling notdissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter's night.O.For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product thansome currently predict.Like swords, books have symbolic power.Like fireplaces, they induce a senseof comfort and warmth.And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lightsgo out.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.46.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many people's prediction of itsdeath, the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen.for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage .is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal artsin higher education isn't an either/or proposition ( 命题), although the current emphasis on preparingyoung Americans for STEM ( science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem thatway.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but alsoasserts that the study of the humanities ( 人文科学) and social sciences must remain central componentsof America's educational system at all levels.Both areas are critical to producing citizens who canparticipate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative ( 创新的) leaders, and benefit fromthe spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' jobprospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions inways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances, it's natural to look for what mayappear to be the most“practical” way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you ajob” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines inthehumanities characterized as“soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received abroadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, andcommunicate easily. Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, asthere's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play manydifferent roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environmentwill be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon everyavailable tool and .insight--picked up from science, arts, and technology--to solve the problems of thefuture, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and theUnited States.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.56.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students' spiritual life.D.Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.The academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.58.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students' range of interests.C.They improve students' communication skills.D.They are essential to students' healthy growth.59.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A.Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B.Those who are good at solving practical problems.C.Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D.Those who have received a well-rounded education.60.What advice does the author give to college students?A.Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B.Try to take a variety of practical courses.C.Prepare themselves for different job .options.D.Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence.It has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, becauseenergy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than inthe past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off thegreat recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical( 修辞的) companion “energy security', are, however, slipperyconcepts that are rarely thought through.What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want tobe independent from imported oil.But there arereasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running.Yes, there is a trickle ( 涓涓细流)of biofuel ( 生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic wasteand environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their Own oil.They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their off imports from abroad.Vast areas of theUnited States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.Towhat extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energyproduction in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade.It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things fromplaces that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit.Andalthough you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels ofpetroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies onthat steady flow to maintain its economy.When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in shortsupplies and higher prices.At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy themost affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.61.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A.It sounds very attractive.B.It ensures national security.C.It will bring oil prices down.D.It has long been everyone's dream.62.What does the author think of biofuels?A.They keep America's economy running healthily.B.They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C.They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D.They cause serious damage to the environment63.Why does America rely heavily on off imports?A.It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C.It wants to keep its own environment intact.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.64.What does the author say about oil trade?A.It proves profitable to both sides.B.It improves economic efficiency.C.It makes for economic prosperity.D.It saves the cost of oil exploration.65.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To justify America's dependence on oil imports.B.To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.C.To stress the importance of energy conservation.D.To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part IVTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平,中国已投入360亿元,用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育( compulsory education).这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍,使l6万多所中小学受益.资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材.现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课.一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.2014年6月四级真题答案详解( 第3套)Part IWritingThe Must-see City for a Visitor to China写作指南这是一篇介绍性说明文,要求向外国朋友介绍中国的著名景点.考生可以结合实际情况.客观描述自己认为最值得介绍的景点,重点在于陈述清楚该景点值得介绍的原因.第一段可以开篇点题,第二段描述该景点的特色,第三段总结全文.文章的结构可安排如下：第一段：言简意赅地引出想要介绍的景点.第二段：列举该景点值得介绍的原因.注意要描写的景点应该具有代表性或独特性.此外．该段落为主体部分.最好能列出两个或更多的原因予以说明.第三段：总结全文.注意,总结段尽量不要只对第一、二段进行简单复述,应换种表达,以使全文的表达富有多样性.范文与译文and stomach．To summarize,Beijing is a city that a visitor toChinashould not miss．不可错过的城市。
listening comprehension
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. Mark is unhappy because ofA. his Chemistry homework.B. a girl in his class.C. Linda's words.D. Friday night's party.2. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Linda is Jane's friend.B. Mark is Jane's boyfriend.C. John is Jane's boyfriend.D. Mark and John are good friends.3. Did Mark eventually take Linda's advice?A. No.B. Partly.C. Completely.D. Not mentioned.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4. About the scratch on the product, the shop assistant thinks thatA. the customer made it himself.B. there was definitely not one then.C. the customer should have checked.D. the customer was making trouble.5. The customer was ______ when told he might not have worn the headphones properly.A. annoyedB. surprisedC. indifferentD. worried6. How many complaints did the customer make about the product altogether?A. Five.B. Four.C. Three.D. Two.7. The shop could exchange the product if the customerA. makes no more complaints.B. can produce the receipt.C. is still unhappy with it.D. brings it back within a week.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.8. Joe Smith telephoned Victoria forA. the menu.B. the place.C. the reception.D. the campaign.9. When will the lunch be held?A. Friday next week.B. Thursday next week.C. April 30th.D. This week.10. All the following information is new to Victoria EXCEPTA. how many people to attend it.B. why to hold it.C. where to hold it.D. what to cook.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11. People choose London for post-Christmas shopping becauseA. shops open early in the morning.B. shops stay open for longer hours.C. they can buy really cheap things.D. they can shop with their friends.12. We learn from the passage thatA. people are very keen on sales.B. post-Christmas sales start at 3:30am.C. post-Christmas sales last for a day.D. sales include only a few items.13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people buy Christmas presents in the sales.B. Some people shop online during the sales.C. Some people buy presents for next Christmas.D. Online retailers offer better post-Christmas sales.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14. Ballroom dancing used to be associated withA. TV shows.B. old people.C. celebrities.D. professional dancers.15. According to the passage, recent popularity of ballroom dancing is the result ofA. the participation of celebrities.B. the designing of colourful costumes.C. the benefits it brings.D. a TV programme.16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the TV show?A. Performers have to be formally dressed on the show.B. Each professional dancer dances with a celebrity.C. People on the show perform a different dance every week.D. The show runs for about four months.17. According to the passage, the TV show has the greatest impact onA. old people.B. middle-aged people.C. kids and young people.D. all of the above.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. According to New Zealand's rules about naming children, which of the following names isNOT acceptable?A. Spiderman.B. Gandalf.C. 2win.D. Arsenal.19. According to the passage, unusual names come fromA. popular culture.B. parents' invention.C. sports.D. all of the above.20. All of the following countries have strict rules about naming children EXCEPTA. Algeria.B. Germany.C. Japan.D. Argentina.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21. Why were the fishing crew stranded on Oct. 10th?A. They went to a remote area.B. Their fishing boats collided.C. They tried to repair their boats.D. They decided to stay in the boats.22. How did they survive during those three months?A. On supplies they brought with them.B. On supplies sent to them by rescue teams.C. On supplies left at the military base.D. Not mentioned in the passage.23. How were the crew rescued eventually?A. By helicopter.B. By boat.C. By radio contact.D. By a search team.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.24. Juan Carlos has been King of SpainA. since 1981.B. for 32 years.C. for 70 years.D. for 17 years.25. What is the news item mainly about?A. The King's birthday.B. The stability of the monarchy.C. Criticism from both the left and the right.D. The King's public defence of his reign.Questions 26 and27 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.26. The three suicide bombings occurred inA. November and December.B. October and November.C. November.D. December.27. Did people die in the bombings?A. No one died in the bombings.B. Yes. In one of the bombings.C. Yes. In two of the bombings.D. Yes. In all the bombings.Questions 28 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.28. What is the purpose of the national survey?A. To collect data on sources of pollution.B. To identify pollution in rivers and lakes.C. To help control environmental pollution.D. To help control industrial wastes.29. According to the news item, efforts of environmental protection are especially affected byA. lack of technology.B. rapid economic growth.C. unknown pollution sources.D. shortage of manpower.30. Which of the following details is CORRECT according to the news item?A. Census offices are set up by government departments.B. A main centre receives reports from provinces.C. A database is set up for each province.D. Data will be reviewed and analyzed in mid-2009.。
2019年6月英语六级真题第三套
2019年6月大学英语六级考试（卷三）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A(听力部分同卷二)Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B)Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2.A)Her unique personality. B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of i nterest to performing arts. D)Her family's suspension of financial aid.3.A) She was not an outgoing person. B)She was easy-going on the whole.C)She was modest and hardworking D)She was usually not very optimistic.4.A)She was i nfluenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned t o v olunteer when s he w as a c hild.D)Her family benifited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Give a presentation. B)Rise some questions.C)Start a n ew company. D)Attend a board meeting.6.A) It will cut production costs. B)It will raise productivity.C)No staff will be dismissed. D)No new staff will be hired.7.A) The timeline of r estructuring. B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels. D) The company's new missions.8.A) By consulting their own department managers.B)By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C)By exploring various channels of communication.D)By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter o n Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B)It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C)It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D)It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.IO.A) Avoiding possible dangers.B)Finding their way around.C)Identifying drug smugglers.D)Looking after sick passengers.I I.A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B)Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C)Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D)Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.I2.A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B)Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C)At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D)At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13.A) A number of different images. B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments. D) Paintings by famous French artists.14.A) The originality and expertise shown. B) The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted. D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15.A) His artistic taste is superb. B) His identity remains unclear.D)He was a collector of antiques. D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They encourage international cooperation.B)They lay stress on basic scientific research.C)They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D)They favour scientists from its member countries.17.A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B)They believe that more hands will make light work.C)They want to follow closely the international trend.D)Many of their projects have become complicated.18.A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B)It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C)It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D)It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B)Scientists discovered water on Venus.C)Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D)Scientists observed Venus f rom a s pace v ehicle.20.A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)I t is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)I t undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)I t used to have more water than Earth.D)I t used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Causes of sleeplessness.C)Cultural psychology.23.A) They attach great importance to s leep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.B)Cross-cultural communication.D)Motivation and positive feelings.D)They generally sleep l onger than E ast A sians.24.A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C)B y having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)B y videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25.A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of s leep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.Part mSection AReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than onceSteel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆的）at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness —without the need for expensive 28.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed ( 用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful"Liberty ships"was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sankBrittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 . Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimura's team ends to use its tempfomed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight—by repl aci ng solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridgesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2The future of personal satellite technology is here_are we ready for it?A)Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach ordinary people. Just like drones (无人机） before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our headsB)A s a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites holdtremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However,as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer"Can we?"but"Should we?"What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as"professionals"? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 yearsC)H aving your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats The"Cube"here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a I0cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit m a launch vehicle's formerly"wasted space."Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex m1ss10ns than could be achieved by one CubeSat aloneD)D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.E)D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.F)The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联的人造卫星）. Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymoreG)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISSH)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, includingI)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and thetraining of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including J)In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余无线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting“amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility.K)H ere, open.source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of“self-governance”is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?L)Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.M)This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36.Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse ofsatellites.37.A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks .38.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks oftheir irresponsible use39.Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40.AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking oftheir satellites.41.NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42.Even with constraint, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes43.While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles .44.Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45.AMSAT operates on the principle of h aving all its technical data accessible to its members,preventing the abuse ofamateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”.It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出）.The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselves to each other in what 1s an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None ofthat might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway46.What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?A)Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipatedB)Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C)Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.D)Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected47.What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A)Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivityB)Harmonious relationships are what many companies s aim to cultivateC)Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product qualityD)Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere48.What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A)They should be cultivatedB)They are virtually irrelevantC)They are vital to corporate cultureD)They should be reasonably intimate49.What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?A)They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactionsB)They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleaguesC)They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace r elationshipsD)They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues50.What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?A)They provide fun at workB)They help control emotionsC)They help resolve differencesD)They improve work efficiencyPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an "irrational" responseOne of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 krn, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go ( 围棋）took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world's lea小ng professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He'll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple questionWhat's so special about us? It can't be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness.Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren’t,we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.51.What is the author's greatest concern about the use of AI?A)Computers are perfoming lots of creative tasksB)Many abilities will cease to be unique to human bemgsC)Computers may become more rational than humansD)Many human skills are fast becoming outdated52.What impresses the author most in the field of AI?A)Google's experimental driverless cars require little human interventionB)Google's cars have surpassed his driving ability in j ust a single yearC)Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short timeD)Google has become a world leader in the field of a utonomous driving53.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A)It is rat10nalB)It is predictableC)It is human specificD)It is yet to be emulated by AI54.What should schools help children do in the era of AI?A)Cultivate original thinkingB)Learn to work independentlyC)Compete with smart machinesD)Understand how AI works55.How can we humans justify our future existence?A)By constantly outsmarting computersB)By adopting a l ong-term perspectiveC)By r ationally c ompromising w ith A ID)By providing value with our creativityPart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. Y ou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2成语(Chinese idioms) 是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
卓顶精文2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第三套)
2019年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying “Ifyoucannotdogreatthings，dosmallthingsinagreatway．’’Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointofview．Youshouldwriteatleastl50wordsbut nomorethan200words．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
PartII ListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations．Attheendofeachconversation，oneor，morequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid．Boththeconversationandthequestionswil lbespokenonlyonce．Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause．Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.， B.， C.andD.，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet，withasinglelinethroughthecentre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1．A.ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup．B.Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend．C.Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksa90．D.Themanisafanofworld．famousfootballplayers．2．A.Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget．B.Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria．C.Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant．D.Solvehisproblembydoingapart．timejob．3．A.Afinancialburden．B.Agoodcompanion．C.Arealnuisance．D.Awell．trainedpet．4．A.Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon．B.Thewomanwasmistakenherself．C.Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex．D.Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes．5．A.Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles．B.Hehastotypehispaperoncemore．C.Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper．D.Hewillbeawayforatw0—weekconference．6．A.Theymighthavetochangetheirplan．B.Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip．C.Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman．D.TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8．7．A.Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan．B.Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure．C.Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan．D.Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication．8．A.Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease．B.Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic．C.Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter．D.It’Iltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontr01．Questions9t012arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．9．A.Enormoussizeofitsstores．B.Numerousvarietiesoffood．C.Itsappealingsurroundings．D.Itsrichandcolorfulhistory．10．A.Anancientbuildin9．B.Aworldofantiques．C.AnEgyptianmuseum．D.AnEgyptianmemorial．11．A.Itspowerbillreaches￡9millionayear．B.Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday．C.Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown．D.Itgenerates70％oftheelectricityituses．12．A.11500．B.30000．C.250000．D.300000．Questionsl3t015arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．13．A.Transferringtoanotherdepartment．B.Studyingaccountingatauniversity．C.Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob．D.Makingpreparationsforherweddin9．14．A.Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise．B.Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany．C.Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment．D.Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany．15．A.HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch．B.Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly．C.Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife．D.HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher．SectionBDirections：Inthissection．youwillhear3shortpassages．Aftheendofeachpassage．youwillhearsom equestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaque stion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA.， B.，C.andD.．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetTwithasinglelinethroughthec entre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2023年06大学英语四级真题第2套
2023 年6 月英语四级真题第2 套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on interpersonal relationships. You are to write an essay on ways to maintain a warm and friendly relationship with your classmates and on the benefits of such a relationship. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was bitten by a snake. C) A man kept a 4-foot snake as a pet.B) A man was taken to a hospital. D) A man fell off his toilet seat.2. A) Where the snake had been taken. C) How the snake was captured.B) Whether the snake was infected. D) Who owned the snake.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Taking her trash out in fancy dresses. C) Sharing her photos with famous movie stars.B) Amusing herself by going to ball parties. D) Posting her daughter's photos on social media.4. A) To make herself popular. C) To please her daughter.B) To amuse people. D) To record her achievements.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Eat as much as they want for $10. C) Have a meal even if they have no money.B) Have a chance of winning a $ 100 prize. D) Get a free meal after answering some questions.6. A) It was brought up by two staffers. C) It originated from a donation to her staff.B) It helped to popularize her restaurant. D) It was suggested by some of her customers.7. A) Fifty customers have offered donations. C) Many people have come to eat at the restaurant.B) More people have been giving than taking. D) Most staffers have received messages of kindness. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He is a psychologist. C) He is a host for a TV program.B) He is a famous writer. D) He is a primary school teacher.9. A) Why social media accounts vanish without a trace.B) Why parents raise their children in different ways.C) Why people fail to respond to emails promptly.D) Why friends break off contact all of a sudden.10. A) They simply shut themselves down. C) They scream to get their parents back.B) They avoid showing their emotions. D) They attempt to ignore the whole situation.11. A) They may regard any difference as the end of a relationship.B) They are on better terms with friends and romantic partners.C) They try to express their feelings and thoughts effectively. D)They attach more value to their relationships with others.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Their price. C) Their quality.B) Their color. D) Their design.13. A) Jeans are a typical American garment.B). America makes the best-known brands of jeans. C)America has the best weaving tools in the world. D)Jeans are available in a greater variety in America.14. A) They are artificial. C) They are unique.B) They are natural. D) They are special.15. A) They are for casual wearing. C) They are much too pricey.B) They are popular with boys. D) They are worth the price.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) He desires more in life. C) He feels as inspired as other audience members.B) He wants to see it again. D) He longs to become a superstar himself.17. A) It is rather unrealistic. C) It is somewhat complicated.B) It is extremely artistic. D) It is relatively predictable.18. A) They are biased against women. C) They are full of shootings.B) They are basically misleading. D) They are too simple.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It can highlight leadership. C) It is a means to inspire creative thinking.B) It can help connect people. D) It is an intuitive way to solidify friendship.20. A) Allow them to recite data points. C) Enable them to remember the main idea.B) Make them more open to learning. D) Stimulate them to engage in discussions.21. A) Inspire listeners' imagination. C) Convey fundamental values.B) Enrich their own experience. D) Explain insightful ideas.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Immigrants outnumber U.S.-born Americans.B) Immigrants have been contributing to the U.S.C) Another wave of immigrants is hitting the U.S.D) The number of immigrants to the U.S. is declining.23. A) More of them expect their children to succeed in business.B) They have fewer chances to be hired by U.S. companies.C) They have founded most Fortune 500 companies.D) More of them are successful business people.24. A) They have higher installment loan debt than native-born Americans.B) Nineteen percent of them borrow money from friends and family.C) Their level of debt is lower than that of native-born Americans.D) Thirty-four percent of them use credit for their daily purchases.25. A) Keep their traditional values and old habits. C) Borrow money from financial institutions.B) Find employment in competitive businesses. D) Collaborate with native-born Americans.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirection s: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Morocco is responding to increasing energy demands by setting up one of the largest solar plants in the world.The Noor solar power station is 26 in the city of Ouarzazate and, once completed, will generate 580 million watts of electricity. The World Bank estimates it will serve 1.1 million people. It's 27 to be completed soon.Morocco's current energy comes 28 from imports. The nation hopes to get 50 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. With demand for energy 29 at an annual rate of 7 percent, the new solar plant could be a 30 part of that goal."This makes Morocco a big 31 in the field of solar energy in the Arab region and the African continent. It could also be a forerunner for many other countries in the world that 32 on foreign imports of energy," said Ali Hajji, a solar energy specialist and engineering professor.Experts believe that the Middle East and North Africa have huge33 for solar energy projects. This is partly because of adequate sunlight and partly because technology has become more34 in the region."The last few years have seen a realization of 35 how competitive solar technologies can be," said Michael Taylor, a senior analyst at the International Renewable Energy Agency.A) affordable I) mostlyB) ancestor J) operatingC) crucial K) perhapsD) depend L) pioneerE) initial M) potentialF) insist N) risingG) just O) scheduledH) locatedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.New Formula One Chief Hopes to Grab Americans' AttentionA) For the past four decades, the leader of Formula One car racing, one of the biggest annual sporting seriesin the world, was Bernie Ecclestone, a former motorcycle parts dealer who built it into an international presence essentially on his own.B) A skilled backroom operator who speaks without a filter, Ecclestone said often that in his opinion, thesport was at its best when he was allowed to act as "a dictator.”C) Yet now the dictator is gone. After an American company, Liberty Media, acquired the Formula Onecompetition recently, Chase Carey—a former executive with Fox Broadcasting Company and DirecTV who by his own admission is not a fierce racing fan—was named to replace Ecclestone and to try to renovate the organization's management, reach and ambition.D) Among the goals, Carey said in an interview on Tuesday, is one that just about every global sport seemsinterested in chasing: increasing interest in the United States. "People have said we're going to "Americanize' it," Carey said. "And we're not going to do that totally. But realistically, there are some elements of Americanization that the sport could use."E) While Formula One commands enormous audiences throughout much of the world, many Americansports fans know it as that other motorsport, the one that is not Nascar (纳斯卡车赛). Formula One teams race far more technologically advanced vehicles around tracks all over the world-in magnificent events in places like Malaysia, Monaco, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates, and on tradition-rich tracks like Silverstone in England and Monza in Italy too.F) The series has an annual race in Austin, Texas. But within "a few years," Carey said, he plans to bringanother to a destination American city, like New York, Los Angeles, Miami or Las Vegas. Carey's ambitious plan is two-fold: first, change the business model of Formula One, which he said was a "one-man show" under Ecclestone that had a largely narrow vision when it came to negotiating partnership deals; and second, alter the way fans experience the sport, both in person and remotely, so that connections between the audience and people within the series are easier to make.G) Increased digital access for fans, a more behind-the-scenes experience for broadcast viewers andinnovation in areas like virtual reality-what is it like to speed around a track inside a Ferrari?-are among the possibilities. "The sport has clearly been underserved," Carey said. "It doesn't do anything digitally.There's no marketing. It doesn't tell any stories. The goal in this is to make the fans connect to the live experience as much as possible, and the tools you have to do that, we're not using at all."H) The larger question, though, is a familiar one: Is there room for Formula One in the ever-crowded sportslandscape of the United States? Opinions vary, particularly because viewing habits among consumers continue to evolve. John Bloom, a professor at Shippensburg University who has studied American sports history, said the biggest challenge for any sport trying to increase its presence in the United States was framing itself in a way that had lasting appeal. "Sports generally become popular in some way because they establish a narrative," Bloom said. "When I think of motorsports in the U.S., what we allthink of is Nascar, and the narrative of Nascar is sort of rural, white, working-class Americans, mostly in the South, connecting with the atmosphere of those races. That's the narrative. When I think of the narrative of Formula One, it's a very different kind of audience."I) That difference, Carey said, is significant. While some might immediately link Formula One to Nascar interms of American growth, Carey said Formula One's brand research had indicated there was very little crossover; rather, Formula One fans generally cite other so-called elite events, like Wimbledon or the Ryder Cup, as competitions they enjoy. "Other than they're both cars, the Nascar fan base is a very different fan base," Carey said. "It's a very regional fan base. Formula One is a global, famous brand of stars. These are machines that shock and awe you."J) Carey's background is in deal making and innovation. At Fox Broadcasting Company, he was a top advisor for years, known for his skill in helping to lead the launch of the company into sports, as well as the start of Fox News Channel. After going to DirecTV, he positioned the satellite provider as a mainstream option in millions of households.K) Now, after Liberty Media paid $4.4 billion to acquire Formula One, he is charged with making the investment pay off. "I think they can build Formula One in the U.S.," said Patrick Crakes, an executive at In Vivo Media Group who spent 25 years at Fox Broadcasting Company before leaving in 2016 as a senior manager at Fox Sports. "People don't work on their cars anymore. They don't want that connection anymore. It's about technology and pushing the limits. It's about speed, danger and risk. And Formula One has that more than any other racing series."L) That is what hooked Carey, and he said he thought his experience was not unusual. He recalled attending Formula One's Monaco race last year and being overwhelmed by the ceremony leading up to the event, the way the race charmed the city for days ahead of the start. In his mind, it felt like a Super Bowl （超级碗橄榄球赛).M) Then, on race day, he watched as the cars rocketed out of a tunnel and went screaming toward a tight turn with the city's harbor and the Mediterranean Sea in the background framing the scene. He was fascinated."You can't help but be awed," he said, "and I think that feeling can be translated to the viewer."N) He added: "The broader sport is a little too inward-looking, and we need to be more open. In some ways, I'm glad to be coming from the outside. The guys who are in the sport forever are sitting there saying: 'We can't do that. We can't do that because it's never been done that way.""36. Chase Carey believes greater use should be made of digital technology to make Formula One moreaccessible to its fans.37. Chase Carey was deeply impressed by the ceremony preceding last year's Monaco race.38. One of Chase Carey's goals is to make Formula One more appealing to Americans.39. A former motorbike parts dealer led Formula One for the past forty years.40. Chase Carey thought the audience of Formula One could be made to share his feeling about the race.41. Chase Carey used to serve as a top advisor for a major broadcasting company.42. Chase Carey intends to make connections easier between the audience and the Formula One racers.43. The new leader of Formula One admitted he was not super interested in car racing.44. People's opinions differ as to whether Formula One can be promoted in the U.S.45. Compared with other racing series, Formula One focuses more on speed and involves more danger.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short-changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu ( 即兴的)tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this "revolution in distribution" uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a "hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态)," causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and "picking things off shelves at random."46. What problem have supermarkets been facing?A) They are actually on the way to bankruptcy. C)They are forced to use e-commerce strategies. B)They have been losing customers and profits.D) They have difficulty adapting to climate change.47. What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?A) It was put forward by King Kullen. C) It has been under constant debate. B)It originated in the United States. D) It proves revolutionary even today.48. What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?A) They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.B) They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.C) They improved the quality of the food they sold.D) They revolutionized the distribution of goods.49. What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?A) Arouse customers' appetite to buy flowers, fruit and vegetables.B) Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.C) Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.D) Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.50. What have people long feared about supermarkets?A) They use tricky strategies to promote their business. B)They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.C) They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display. D)They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first implemented when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work. Since then, we've completely changed as a nation. Students no longer spend summers farming, but they aren't in school, either. The average American student receives 13 weeks off from school each calendar year-with about 11 of those during the summer. Few other countries have more than seven weeks off in a school calendar.With the U.S. lagging behind other countries in academics, it's time to consider year-round schooling. One benefit of this change is that students will not fall victim to the "summer slide," or the well-documented phenomenon where students forget some of the knowledge they have acquired when too much time is taken off from school. Decades of research shows that it can take from 8 to 13 weeks at the beginning of every school year for students to get back to where they were before the summer holiday.But year-round schooling isn't just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment. These closer bonds and greater attachment pay off. Research shows that students in year-round schools are more self-confident and feel more positive about their schooling experience.But don't kids need time to relax? Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside. The problem with this argument is that most children aren't playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.The U.S. has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge- and innovation-based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.51. Why did America's traditional school year have a three-month summer vacation?A) Students needed to help with farm work.B) Students needed time to learn necessary farming skills.C) The agricultural society then attached less importance to academics.D) America lagged behind other countries in making a scientific school calendar.52. What benefit will year-round schooling bring students in addition to improving their learning?A) It will help them get back to where their lessons started.B) It will enable them to absorb what they have learned.C) It will familiarize them with the school environment.D) It will strengthen their relationship with teachers.53. What do some childhood development experts believe about the long summer vacation?A) It meets students' need to study on their own.B) It enables students to learn about the outside world.C) It satisfies students' desire to stay longer at home. D)It contributes to students' healthy growth.54. What is the argument against the experts' idea of a long summer vacation?A) It does little good to most students.B) It benefits few students playing outside.C) It leads students to neglect their studies.D) It makes students addicted to computer games.55. What does the author think of the traditional school year in the U.S. today?A) Well-grounded. C) Outdated. B)Culture-bound. D) Welcomed.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.改革开放40 多年以来,中国政府对高等教育越来越重视,高等教育已经进入稳步发展阶段。
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Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANews Report One【话题预测】由college students，sleep，problem，stress，psychological 等词可推断，本则新闻与大学生睡眠或心理健康有关。
【正确答案】1—2 B D听力原文You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech University is even offering a class called “Improving Your Sleep Habits”. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. 200 college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, but they did much better after getting a good night’s sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning and Memory?试题解析【话题分类】时事新闻【新闻大意】大学生睡眠不好会严重影响学习效率和身心健康；Texas Tech 大学甚至开设课程教授学生改善睡眠习惯，提高睡眠质量；新的一项研究也证明了提高睡眠质量的重要性。
1. 【考核技能】概括总结B) 【答案解析】由How，Why 及对应选项概述可判断，本题与新闻的主题相关；原文开始介绍睡眠不好对身心的不良影响：sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and mind ；中间提到you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for your test （睡觉可能比做考前最后的准备更利于考试）；最后又强调So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep（如果想做好自己的工作，不要忘记睡觉）；由此可知，本则新闻主要介绍睡眠为何重要，所以本题选B。
2. 【考核技能】语义理解D)【答案解析】根据原文：a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better sleeping than making last-minute preparations for your test（睡觉可能比做考前最后的准备更利于考试），由此可知本题选D。
News Report Two【话题预测】从选项中的airports，built，investment，facilities，assets，offer better service 可知本篇新闻应该与机场及服务有关。
【正确答案】3—4 C D听力原文Long queues, delayed flights and over-crowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile, there arecomplaints that poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority, which runs 7 major airports, including the 3 main ones serving London. The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What is the Competition Commission going to investigate?4. What is the route cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority?试题解析【话题分类】时事新闻【新闻大意】人们日益抱怨英国机场排队、飞机延误、拥挤、差劲的服务等问题，并将矛头指向英国机场管理局。
竞争委员会介入并调查是否需要出售其资产，而刚被西班牙公司收购的英国机场管理局称，根本原因不在于所有制结构，而是跑道和航站楼的承载能力不足。
3. 【考核技能】事件背景C) 【答案解析】根据录音原文the Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets（竞争委员会在评估是否需要出售英国机场管理局的部分资产），选项中C 完全符合原文。
4. 【考核技能】缘由结果D) 【答案解析】根据录音原文the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity （根本原因不在所有制结构，而是跑道和航站楼的承载能力不足），所以本题D 正确。
News Report Three【话题预测】由选项中出现的nicotine，cigarettes，tobacco，smokers 等可预测本则新闻主要与控制烟草中尼古丁的含量相关。
【正确答案】5—7 A A C听力原文Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. 116 brands were looked at for this study. 92 were found to have higher nicotine yield than they did 6 years previously. The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addicted nature of nicotine. Stan Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why: “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every ci garette is 10 percent higher than it wa s 6 years ago, which means that it’s easier to get hooked and harder to quit. The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies?试题解析【话题分类】时事新闻【新闻大意】马萨诸塞州立法要求烟草公司必须测量每种香烟的尼古丁含量并进行相应报告；波士顿卫生厅对此展开了严格的调查。