精读第三册unit8语法点

Words and phrases:
(1) cudgel: n. a short thick stick used as a weapon
e.g. The yellow man carries his bundle and his cudgel in his hand.
All of a sudden the enemy dealt him a blow with his cudgel.
(2) pale: a. having a skin colour that is very white, or whiter than it usually is
e.g. The man looked at him and saw that he was deathly pale.
Harry saw Sam’s face go pale, his eyes g litter with rage.
(3) succession: n. a number of people or things of the same kind following each other; a series
e.g. The revolutionary movement has passed through a succession of distinctive phases.
A succession of visitors flow out of the cinema.
(4) startled: a. feel surprised and slightly shocked
e.g. He is startled by her close resemblance to Tigress.
The startled boys were frozen with fear and afraid to speak.
(5) substitute: n. a person or thing that you use instead of the one that you usually have
e.g. Vegetable oil is a good substitute for animal oil.
As the saying goes, there is no substitute for victory in war.
(6) wince: v. to suddenly feel very uncomfortable or embarrassed about something; cringe
e.g. I still wince at the thought of that stupid evening.
I could see him wince when I told him how much the repairs would cost.
(7) awful: a. very bad or unpleasant
e.g. The awful weather made him in bad mood.
Since the awful moment that afternoon, life has seemed timeless.
(8) tremble: v. to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are upset
or frightened
e.g. At the very thought he felt a tendency to tremble.
Your are watching the stars that tremble with hope and love.
(9) tell sb. off: to speak angrily to somebody for doing something wrong
e.g. The teacher used to tell me off for making so much noise.
Don’t tell off your boss and co-workers, even if you think they deserve it.
(10) placatory: a. to make people feel less angry by showing that you are willing to please them
e.g. The potentially placatory government of the Democratic Party of Japan was alienated
by China’s aggressive behaviour.
He gives me a placatory smile to ease my mind.
(11) inwardly: ad. in your mind
e.g. Perhaps the leader inwardly cringes at the personality cult that surrounds him.
Laughing, I inwardly answered it in the affirmative.
(12) trace: v. to find someone or something by searching for them carefully
e.g. Police finally traced the young man who was seen near the accident to an address in
Korea.
You can trace price indices by the use of the computer.
(13) studious: a. spending a lot of time studying and reading
e.g. She was an extremely serious, clever and studious young woman.
The group says its studious robot may even improve our understanding of this research.
(14) enormous: a. extremely large
e.g. This movement provides an enormous amount of opportunities to create useful energy.
We cannot ignore its enormous vitality for its simplicity!
(15) indefensible: a. too bad to be excused or defended
e.g. This is an illegal and morally indefensible action.
Besieged by scandal, his government has squandered precious time staving off
inquiries and defending indefensible ministers.
(16) recall: v. to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past
e.g. Do you recall when and where your husband acquired this book?
When seeing it, he cannot help recalling his bitter past.
(17) impropriety: n.behaviour or an action that is wrong or unacceptable according to moral,
social, or professional standards
e.g. There is no evidence of impropriety.
Impropriety is the soul of wit.
(18) nail down: fix something firmly; establish clearly and unmistakably
e.g. It took us 3 hours to nail down our agreement.
We had better nail down the time for our next meeting.
(19) mountainous: a. very large in amount or size
e.g. Almost happily, the old man struggles with the mountainous waves.
She faced a mountainous pile of presents still unwrapped.
(20) sway: v. to move slowly from one side to another
e.g. The tree has swayed down to the wall.
Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.
(21) negligently: ad. not taking enough care over something that you are responsible for, with the
result that serious mistakes are made
e.g. Losses caused intentionally or negligently by the lessee shall be borne by the lessee.
Safety technology is willfully and negligently bypassed when there is a profit to be
made.
(22) maliciously: ad.having or showing hatred and a desire to harm somebody or hurt their
feelings
e.g. There are strong indications that someone at the resort was acting maliciously.
Like the ungodly they maliciously mocked; they gnashed their teeth at me.
(23) indignation: n. feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated
e.g. The photo ignited a firestorm of indignation on Twitter.
Nay, impatience kills the fool and indignation slays the simpleton.
(24) mount: v. to increase gradually in amount or degree
e.g. The death toll would rapidly mount into the tens of thousands.
As their losses mount, they’re selling off securities to meet demands for cash from
lenders and investors.
(25) puny: a. not effective or impressive
e.g. The problem with this analysis is that the tail is far too puny to wag the dog.
They laughed at my puny efforts to my work.
(26) plead: v. to ask for something that you want very much, in a sincere and emotional way
e.g. We plead with our members to remain calm and united at this testing time.
She pleaded to be allowed to come back to her hometown once again.
(27) obedient: a. always doing what you are told to do; willing to obey
e.g. At first Lucas was obedient and followed close behind his father.
The dog is obedient to its master’s orders.
(28) sceptical: a. doubtful
e.g. After hearing her reasons, he looked highly sceptical.
I still remain sceptical of any predictions or claims in the Internet.
(29) trail away: to become gradually quieter and then stop
e.g. Her voice trailed away to nothing for she was too nervous.
The noise began to trail away when the speaker started an attractive topic.
(30) toy: v. to think about an idea or possibility, usually for a short time and not very seriously
e.g. I briefly toyed with the idea of going to France to visit them.
He needs to be reminded that it isn’t just a lab where he can toy with his fabulous
ideas.
(31) thunderbolt: n. a flash of lightning which hits a person or thing and kills or destroys them
e.g. He was killed by a thunderbolt from Zeus to prevent further disaster.
A thunderbolt split up the wooden house.
(32) indolently: ad. lazy
e.g. He lives indolently with his relatives.
He draws out two bundles of jack straws from the pile and lies there indolently.
(33) imposter: n. someone who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive people
e.g. Anyone who speaks in the name of others is always an imposter.
That nice looking red snapper you ordered at a restaurant may be an imposter.
(34) blush: v. to become red in the face, usually because you are embarrassed or ashamed
e.g. Some boys are like shy Daphne. When they meet girls, they blush.
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.
(35) bawl: v. to shout in a loud voice, especially in an unpleasant or angry way
e.g. Who are you to bawl and whinge that they are wrong?
Petty began to bawl suddenly, loudly, the sound adding to Cindy’s own uneasiness.
(36) pandemonium: n. a situation in which there is a lot of noise because people are angry,
confused or frightened
e.g. Then the first blast went off, and the grim quiet erupted into pandemonium.
When pandemonium broke out, it was impossible to hear what others were discussing.
(37) gramophone: n. a record player
e.g. The voice of the Edison gramophone was first heard by visitors in World Expo.
She wound up the gramophone and put on a record of some merry music.
(38) brawl: n. a noisy quarrel or fight among a group of people, especially in a public place
e.g. A meeting of surviving Taliban commanders was said to have ended in a brawl and
gunfight.
A massive brawl reportedly broke out between workers of two different nationalities.
(39) alas: interj. used to express sadness, shame, or fear
e.g. Alas! You only remind me of what I have lost.
Alas, for his own soul, if these were what he sought!
(40) falsetto: n. an usually high voice
e.g. The incongruous falsetto voice took on a musing note.
The combination of jazz flute, falsetto voices and lyrics has the audience in a laugh
riot.。