2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)

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上海市上海中学2019-2020学年高三上学期英语周练试题(1) Word版含答案

上海中学2019-2020学年高三英语周练II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexand er Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's devel oped a course on the topic. In addition to l earning "who"invented "what", however, McLean also likes her stud ents to learn the answers to the "why" and "how" questions. According to McLean, When stud ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the id ea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was col d and stormy, but And erson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the wind ow. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicl e that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a worl d without Katherine J. Bl odgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear wind ows and eyeglasses?(B)There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and sudd enly she bursts out laughing,33_________(make) you think you’ve mad e a brilliant joke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something real ly fun on a micro blog.” Now the whol e worl d is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing depend ence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent poll carried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rud e behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by peopl e on mobil es was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can d ownload posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scal e of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population.Who are these New Yorkers? Why d o they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the "they". I'm one of the them. The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration has__46_________ the unique characterand drive the economic engine of New York City." He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "_47________" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the foll owing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer.__54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, D omino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little a ttention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.__63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.51..A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all52. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe53. A. Denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving54. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing55..A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses56. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical57. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference58 .A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget59. A.as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary60. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable61. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest62. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. Attracting63. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected64. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive65. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men d on't go to the doctor."Men aren't seeing d octors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta, "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike."Gullotta says a healthy man shoul d visit the d octor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed d oing anything abouthis smoker’s cough for a year.When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it woul d have prolonged his life.”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group."A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)" Gullotta says "They only come in when a friend drops d ead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it coul d happen to him, …'"Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill."Most men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men coul d be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men woul d inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the l ong run than having to treat the diseases. Besid es, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature d eath"66.Why d oes the author congratulate his mal e readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to red this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a l onger and happier life.67.Which of the foll owing best completes the sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him,…" in paragraph8?A. it coul d happen to me, too.B. I shoul d avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself lucky.D. it would be a big misfortune.68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by "the ostrich approach" in paragraph 9?A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions.B. A new treatment for certain psychol ogical probl ems.C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A. They may increase public expenses.B. They will save money in the long run.C. They may cause psychol ogical stress on men.D. They will enable men to live as long as women.(B)Doctors have been advising us for years to "use it or lose it": that is, to stay as intellectually active as possibl e into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or ol der, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated —by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums —were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.“Brain activity is not stopping the und erlying neurobiol ogy of d ementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the ad ditional appearance of symptoms," says Wilson. "But the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance."While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function d espite the accumulating biological changes und erlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. "At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathol ogy," he says. And that's why, once the symptoms of dementia become obvious, those who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease.The findings, published Wednesday in Neurol ogy, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society shoul d approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us woul d prefer to remain as functionally intact as possibl e and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before d eath. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental d ecline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. "I think the results suggested by this paper are something that peopl e would regard as positive," he says. "And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of d ementia as a society."70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.A. mental diseaseB. brain damageC. cognitive declineD. Biological changes71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the diseaseB. the patient no l onger needs to d o brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the d octorsC. the d octors can only treat the patient based on his pathol ogical conditionsD. the accumulating biol ogical changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings shoul d be viewed as__________.A. discouragingB. interestingC. challengingD. positive73. What can we infer from the passage?A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active.B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up.C. Those who d o brain exercises will definitely suffer from d ementia at last.D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.(C)The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in ord er to earn a living.From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has preclud ed (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always d esired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.A sl ender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿）for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time l ost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Lid dell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gol d and a bronze medal. Coll ege scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee mad e it possibl e for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have tobalance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games l ost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a l ong time.74. One might infer that _______________________.A. devel oping Olympic-level skills in athletes is costlyB. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewardsC. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is playedD. amateurs athletes have a better attitud e than professionals d o75. The statement“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________.A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad conditionB. the poorer players were given some advantagesC. the rules did not work the same way for everyoneD. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthdayB. money received from a winning lottery ticketC. an all owance paid to a childD. Money from charity organization77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________.A. has hel d firm to its original vision of the Olympic gamesB. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the yearsC. regards itself as an organization for professional athl etes onlyD. did nothing but stop all owing communists to participateSection DDirections: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words."Severe fatigue(疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk d own the bl ock," says Wendy Moro. Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her d octor begin to suspect her plate. "A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times," says Wendy. "What kind of fish?Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market," says Dr. Jane Hightower.Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems."I was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling." Hightower said.The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. "It was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public," she said. "I even wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine."(A tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decid ed to do our own test.According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe l evel of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.Whil e there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and .82. When Dr. Hightower "wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine", she meant to .83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered?_________________________________________________________________________84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA?__________________________________________________________________________第II卷I. TranslationDirections :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。

上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期英语周练试题(1) Word版含答案

上海中学高三英语周练II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: A fter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexand er Graham Bells-but what about the__26__________( famous) inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ? Shouldn't we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter _27_________ she's devel oped a course on the topic. In addition to l earning "who"invented "what", however, McLean also likes her stud ents to learn the answers to the "why" and "how" questions. According to McLean, When stud ents learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give _28______________ a try.So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the id ea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was col d and stormy, but And erson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see _29___________ the snow covering the windshield, she found herself _30__________ why there couldn't be a builtin device for cleaning the wind ow. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicl e that would control 31__________ arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan's traffic light. It's equally impossible to picture a worl d without Katherine J. Bl odgett's innovation that makes glass invisible. _32_____________ you picture life without clear wind ows and eyeglasses?(B)There are a few things in life more irritating: you are mid conversation with a friend, and sudd enly she bursts out laughing,33_________(make) you think you’ve mad e a brilliant j oke. But then she says, “Sorry, I wasn’t laughing at you. I just saw something really fun on a micro blog.” Now the whol e worl d is beginning to lose patience with this phenomenon known as phubbing: snubbing others in a social setting __34___________checking your phone.In fact, phubbing is just one symptom of our increasing depend ence on mobile phones and the Internet which is replacing normal social interaction. According to a recent pollcarried out by a Sunday newspaper in Britain, a third of Britons__35_______(survey) admitted to being phubbers and more than a quarter said they would answer their phones in the middle of a face to face conversation.36_____________pointing or picking your nose, phubbing is also widely considered rud e behavior in public places. Lately , a Stop Phubbing campaign group has started in Australia and at least five __37___________have sprung up in its wake __38___________anger and discontent at the lack of manners grow.The campaign’s creator , Alex Haigh,23, from Melbourne, said :“A group of friends and I __39__________(chat) the other day when someone raised ho annoying being ignored by peopl e on mobil es was.” He has created a website __40_________companies can d ownload posters to discourage phubbing and even placards for weddings.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Recently the Department of Planning of New York _41________ a report which laid bare a full scal e of the city. In 1970, 18 percent of the city's population was foreign-born. By 1995, the figure had 42______ to 33 percent, and another 20 percent were the US-born offspring of immigrants. So immigrants and their children now form. a (n)_43_____ of the city's population.Who are these New Yorkers? Why d o they come here? Where are they from? OK, time to drop the "they". I'm one of the them. The last question at least is easy to answer: we come from everywhere. In the list of the top 20 44________ nations of those sending immigrants to New York between 1990 and 1994 are six countries in Asia, five in the Caribbean, four' in Latin America, three in Europe, plus Israel and former Soviet Union. And when we immigrants got here we 45_______up our sleeves. “If you are not ready to work when you get to New York,” says a friend of mine , “you’d better hit the road.”The mayor of New York once said, "Immigration has__46_________ the unique character and drive the economic engine of New York City." He believes that immigrants are at the heart of what makes Now York great. In Europe, by contrast, it is much more common to hear politicians worry about the loss of "_47________" that immigration brings to their societies. In the quarter century' since 1970, the United States__48_______ about 12.5 million legal immigrants, and has absorbed them into its social structures with an ease beyond the imagination of other nations. Since these immigrants are__49___________l and hard-working, they will help America to make a(n) _50_______ start in the next century.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the foll owing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, __51__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __52__ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business -- __53__ that the customer remains a customer.__54__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing __55__, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __56__ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big __57__ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to __58__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __59__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __60__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer __61__ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __62__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __63__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __64__, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __65__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.51..A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all52. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe53. A. Denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving54. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing55..A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses56. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical57. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference58 .A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget59. A.as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary60. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable61. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest62. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. Attracting63. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected64. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive65. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke, but perhaps more importantly, men d on't go to the doctor."Men aren't seeing d octors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta, "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike."Gullotta says a healthy man shoul d visit the d octor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed d oing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from ling cancer,”he says , “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, bu t it woul d have prolonged his life.”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group."A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)" Gullotta says "They only come in when a friend drops d ead on the golf course and they think 'Geez, if it coul d happen tohim, …'"Then there is the ostrich (鸵鸟) approach, "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill."Most men get their cars serviced more often than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men coul d be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men woul d inevitably (不可避免地) place stress on the public purse. Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the l ong run than having to treat the diseases. Besid es, the ultimate cost is far greater. It’s called premature d eath"66.Why d oes the author congratulate his mal e readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to suffer diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to red this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a l onger and happier life.67.Which of the foll owing best completes the sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him,…" in paragraph8?A. it coul d happen to me, too.B. I shoul d avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself lucky.D. it would be a big misfortune.68What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by "the ostrich approach" in paragraph 9?A .casual attitude towards one's health conditions.B. A new treatment for certain psychol ogical probl ems.C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.69.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A. They may increase public expenses.B. They will save money in the long run.C. They may cause psychol ogical stress on men.D. They will enable men to live as long as women.(B)Doctors have been advising us for years to "use it or lose it": that is, to stay as intellectually active as possibl e into our waning years in order to avoid dementia. But the latest research shows that brain training comes at a price.In a study of 1,157 men and women age 65 or ol der, researchers led by Dr. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago found that people who remained intellectually stimulated —by playing cards or other games, reading or visiting museums —were diagnosed with dementia later than those who were not as cognitively active. But once dementia set in, the group who participated in mentally stimulating activities experienced a much more rapid cognitive decline. Over the 12-year study, for each additional point they gained on a measure of cognitive activity, the intellectually stimulated group experienced a 52% greater decline in cognitive impairment, after being diagnosed with dementia.“Brain activity is not stopping the und erlying neurobiol ogy of d ementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the ad ditional appearance of symptoms," says Wilson. "But the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance."While brain exercises can help the brain continue to function d espite the accumulating biological changes und erlying dementia and Alzheimer's, at some point, says Wilson, the scales tip — that activity can no longer compensate for the growing volume of deteriorating alterations in the brain. "At that point, the patient is pretty much at the mercy of the pathol ogy," he says. And that's why, once the symptoms of dementia become obvious, those who were able to push off their diagnosis are likely to be at a more advanced stage of disease.The findings, published Wednesday in Neurol ogy, should not discourage people from remaining cognitively active, says Dr. William Thies, chief medical officer of the Alzheimer's Association, and in fact raises interesting questions about how we as a society shoul d approach age-related brain changes. Surveys consistently show that most of us woul d prefer to remain as functionally intact as possibl e and experience a short period of physical or mental disability before d eath. Gradual cognitive decline, which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, is challenging for patients, their caregivers and society, as the health costs of chronic care continue to climb. But the current study suggests that more people may be able to telescope their mental d ecline into a shorter and more concentrated time period. "I think the results suggested by this paper are something that peopl e would regard as positive," he says. "And this is the sort of study we really need if we are ever going to understand how to manage all aspects of d ementia as a society."70. The word “dementia” can be best replaced by _______________________________.A. mental diseaseB. brain damageC. cognitive declineD. Biological changes71. The sentence underlined suggests that when the brain exercises can no longer compensate for the worsening alterations in the brain, __________.A. the volume of the worsening alterations in brain determines the seriousness of the diseaseB. the patient no l onger needs to d o brain exercises and has to be taken care of by the d octorsC. the d octors can only treat the patient based on his pathol ogical conditionsD. the accumulating biol ogical changes underlying dementia can’t be ignored by the patient72. According to Dr. William Thies, the findings shoul d be viewed as__________.A. discouragingB. interestingC. challengingD. positive73. What can we infer from the passage?A. Brain training is very expensive for those who want to stay cognitively active.B. The costs of taking care of an Alzheimer’s patient continue to go up.C. Those who d o brain exercises will definitely suffer from d ementia at last.D. We need more studies to understand how to manage dementia as a society.(C)The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896,began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations , with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship . In the beginning ,the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity--from sports to science or the arts--is purely for pleasure . Amateurs , whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation; professional ,in contrast ,perform their work in ord er to earn a living.From the perspective of many athletes, however , the Olympic playing filed has been far from level. Restricting the Olympic to amateurs has preclud ed (排除）the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always d esired to send their best athletes , not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.A sl ender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed（补偿）for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time l ost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Lid dell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gol d and a bronze medal. Coll ege scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee mad e it possibl e for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games l ost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; theyargue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an“amateur”will continue for a l ong time.74. One might infer that _______________________.A. devel oping Olympic-level skills in athletes is costlyB. professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewardsC. amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is playedD. amateurs athletes have a better attitud e than professionals d o75. The statement“the playing field has been far from level”means that__________.A. the ground the athletes played on was in bad conditionB. the poorer players were given some advantagesC. the rules did not work the same way for everyoneD. amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways76. The financial support given to athletes by the Soviet government can best be compared to ________________.A. a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthdayB. money received from a winning lottery ticketC. an all owance paid to a childD. Money from charity organization77. One can conclude that the Olympic Organizing Committee _________________.A. has hel d firm to its original vision of the Olympic gamesB. has struggled with the definition of amateur over the yearsC. regards itself as an organization for professional athl etes onlyD. did nothing but stop all owing communists to participateSection DDirections: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 12 words."Severe fatigue(疲乏), very weak. I could hardly walk d own the bl ock," says Wendy Moro. Why, she wondered, then, Wendy and her d octor begin to suspect her plate. "A few times a week I was having fish, whether it was once or four times," says Wendy. "What kind of fish? Swordfish, tuna and sea bass, the highest mercury- content fish sold in the commercial market," says Dr. Jane Hightower.Mercury(汞) enters the ocean with commercial pollution. It works its way up the food chain, and apparently into some of the most popular fish on the market. Wendy's doctor, Dr. Jane Hightower, was so suspicious that she began testing her Bay Area patients. All consumed large amounts offish, and an overwhelming majority tested high for mercury in their systems."I was seeing hair loss, fatigue, muscle ache, headache, feeling just an ill feeling."Hightower said.The symptoms began to clear up when Hightower cut the amount of fish in their diets. "It was so obvious, but the problem was still unknown to the public," she said. "I even wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine."(A tambourine is a small one-sided drum with metal disks around its rim.) Her published findings drew national attention. But despite her study, there is still fierce debate over how much fish is safe to eat, and how much mercury consumers are actually eating. So we decid ed to do our own test.According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), the safe l evel of mercury intake for a 120-pound woman like Wendy is a little over 38 micrograms per week. On average, a single serving of tuna purchased here in the Bay Area contained more mercury than the EPA recommends a woman of Wendy's size eat for an entire week. Sea bass had nearly twice that level, and swordfish nearly six times the EPA's safe mercury intake for a week, in a single serving.Whil e there is little scientific data on how the body reacts to high levels of mercury, it has been linked to symptoms ranging from muscle pain to hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue And, as in our testing, the evidence is mounting that the larger the fish, the more the exposure.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The popular fish on the market obtain mercury through and .82. When Dr. Hightower "wanted to rent a tent and a tambourine", she meant to .83. What did Dr. Hightower do with the information she discovered?_________________________________________________________________________84. What should people do according to the test done by the EPA?__________________________________________________________________________第II卷I. TranslationDirections :Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.务必放弃这种不切实际的想法，否则你将一事无成。

2017-2018学年上海市松江区松江二中第一学期高三英语周测

松江二中2017学年第一学期高三英语周测一I. Listening Comprehension 略II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40%)Section A (20%)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“When John F Kennedy visited the NASA space center, he saw a janitor (看门人) 1.______ (carry) a broom (扫帚) and he walked over and asked what he was doing. The janitor responded: ‘Mr. President, I'm helping put a man on the moon’”.Mark Zuckerberg, now the fifth-richest man in the world, spoke about how in the beginning, he never expected to start Facebook, and certainly never expected it to become a company. All 2. ______ he knew was that people wanted to connect each other more. And so with that idea and with that purpose, he was able to build Facebook into 3. ______ it is today.I read this speech and it resonated with me. I not only agree with Mark Zuckerberg that purpose creates true happiness, but also that purpose is what allows humans to push 4. ______ to do the impossible.For example, just last year, I began a project 5. ______ (call) the China-Ghana (加纳) Changemaker Program. I wanted to provide an opportunity for students to actually try changing other people’s lives for better. We wanted our “Chinese Changemakers” to work together with local “Ghanaian Changemakers” to start social enterprises --- business with a product or service specially designed to solve a problem in society.A lot of people called me crazy. Staff at the United Nations said our idea was impossible. But this summer, our second class of Changemankers 6. ______ (start) their businesses in Ghana. We are making 7. ______ impossible possible.So how can you find your purpose? It all starts with an idea. But where 8. ______ (find) ideas? Don't make excuses like “I’m too busy preparing for the gaokao.” Make time to find ideas.And you might be thinking, “I don’t know how to change the world!” well, no one does at first. No idea is perfect at the beginning. It takes a lot of hard work to make an idea 9. ______ (clear). Be prepared to fail and to be called crazy.But if you never get started, your idea will never have a chance. You think you have a good idea? Go 10. ______ it! And you might just find that changing the world isn’t as far away as youthought.【答案】carrying; that; what; themselves; called; has started; the; to find; clearer; for/at【分析】1．本题考查现在分词用法；see sb. doing sth.，所以填carrying；2. 本题考查定语从句用法；由于从句缺成分且先行词是不定代词，所以填that；3．本题考查宾语从句用法；根据句子结构，可知从句缺基本成分，所以填what；4.本题考查代词用法；根据句意，可知此处填反身代词themselves；5．本题考查过去分词用法；根据句子结构原则，可知此处为后置定语用法，所以填called；6．本题考查谓语动词用法；根据语境，可知此处填has started；7．本题考查定冠词用法；根据句子结构，可知此处为the +adj. 表一类的用法；8．本题考查不定式用法；根据句子结构，特殊疑问词后接不定式，所以填to find；9．本题考查形容词用法；根据句意，可知本处考查形容词比较级，所以填clearer；10．本题考查介词用法；根据句意，可知本处填for。

【全国百强校】上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期周练英语试题

上海中学高三英语周练分析Section A17. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch .A. byB.atC.toD. from18. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those19. The little boy walked in slowly lifting a stone______________.A. half of his weightB. half by his weightC. half his weightD. half weight of his20. The customers complained th at not only ___________high,but he didn’t do a good repair job.A.he chargedB.was he chargedC.did he chargeD.he was charged21. The conference in Copenhagen _____ to bring the US and China into a global agreement, but produced nothing of substance.A. originally intendedB. intended originallyC. was originally intendedD. was originally intending22. A giant of a man was sitting next to the door, who, when he rose to greet me, _______ nearly seven feet tall.A. standingB. stoodC. was standingD. stands23. The government has listed a number of tourist attractions, including some____ significant sites.A. historicB. historicalC. historicallyD. historian24. The vast flood plain, known as the American bottom, stretches as far to the north and south as ____ can see.A. eyeB. an eyeC. the eyeD. one’s eyeSection B(A)Many a young person (25)_________(tell) me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, (26)_________ I also explain that there’s a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more(27)_________ longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the US Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me a room in (28)_________ apartment building in New York. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story(29)_________ I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years, I wasn’t going to be one of those people wh o die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test---(30)________ ________ it meant living with uncertainly and fear of failure. This is the shadowland of hope, and any one with a dream must learn to live there.(B)Every year dozens of films are released, yet (33)______ ______ are forgotten after six months? Movies co me and go, as throwaway as popcorn bags left on the floor of a cinema. But of those few films that do stay in pe ople‘s minds, there is one that is truly ―evergreen‖.(34)______ you‘re young or old, or wherever you are in the world, the 1939 classic Gone with the Wind never seems to become unpopular. December 2015 the film celebrated its 75th birthday.The movie is based on a best-selling book of the same name by US author Margaret Mitchell. Hollywood was s oon interested in turning the novel into a movie.The story(35)______ in the periods before, during and after the American Civil War (1861-65), (35)_____ _the war is more of a backdrop (背景) to the story than an important part of it. The story is about relations between members of high-class souther n families.At the heart of the film is Scarlett O‘Hara. Beautiful and strong-willed, Scarlett is in love with a man, Ashl ey Wilkes, whose heart belongs to (36)______, Melanie Hamilton. Still, she tries to win Ashley‘s heart.One man, Rhett Butler, is especially interested in Scarlett. Rhett is as wild in his own way as she is. But alt hough she flirts (调情) with Rhett, and despite the fact that she eventually marries him, she never really loves Rhett. It‘s only when she finally realizes that she can‘t have Ashley (37)______ she turns back to her husband.But, (38)______ anyone who has seen the movie will know, by that point Rhett doesn‘t want her back and Scarlett is left with nobody (39)______ (love).This Civil War period piece repaid the time and effort of the filmmakers who worked on it. Over two deca des, it held the record for making the most money of any film ever (40)______ (make). It‘s the kind of movie th at every studio dreams of making.Section CDirection: Complete following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly ___41_____ every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them ____42___ knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in ____43___, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. ___44___, the Jerry Springer show is a display and __45____ of society's moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境)of other people's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its ___46___, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing 'your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire ___47___ of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.___48___ as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main ___49__ audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They arethe ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ___50__ the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A CloseAs crime skyrockets in many communities, people are finally beginning to look for long-lasting, effective answers to stem the tide of juvenile crime. Reaching the youth who have committed a crime before they become 51 criminals is an essential step in 52 the crime trend. One possible solution may be the establishment of teen court.Unlike a trial court (初审法院), teen court is known as a 53 court for youths who have committed an offense. Teen courts primarily deal with 54 offenders. After arrest, the young offender must plead guilty to the 55 in teen court. With the teen court's permission, the offender agrees to be sentenced and abide by the decision of a peer jury (陪审团) of the same age. For example, a county teen court in Illinois gives young offenders a chance to 56 their arrests from their permanent record by performing community service or other 57 ordered by the court. 58 , as an essential component to the sentence, the offender must sit in on one or more future peer juries to 59 a sentence foe other offenders. It should be pointed out that a judge is present to 60 the proceedings of the court.The teen court 61 the strain on the regular court system and has been implemented in 426 communities since the first teen court opened in Odessa, Texas. 62 giving the offender a second chance, it gives the youth a chance to participate in the legal 63 .The 64 purpose of the teen court is to educate and motivate both the offenders and the teen volunteers while simultaneously promoting better communication between the accused, the 65 , the police and the legal system. By offering this alternative system, teen court allows those teens who have made a bad decision an opportunity to recognize their mistake and learn from it.51. A. suspicious B. hardened C. amateur D. famous52. A. reversing B. following C. reflecting D. starting53. A. civilian B. supreme C. sentencing D. lower54. A. violent B. convicted C. persistent D. first55. A. charge B. murder C. mercy D. defense56. A. prevent B. escape C. clear D. move57. A. jobs B. roles C. penalties D. duties58. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead59. A. announce B. determine C. serve D. receive60. A. overlook B. instruct C. oversee D. rule61. A. accelerates B. suffers C. increases D. eases62. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. Rather than D. Because of63. A. progress B. process C. access D. profession64. A. exclusive B. principal C. legal D. internal65. A. community B. county C. school D. court（A）It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined to (倾向于……) think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators(旁观者). Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute (长笛) and drum ensemble (歌舞团) is performing. “Anybody can take part.”This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of music sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.66. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that________.A) most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of musicB) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musiciansC) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectatorsD) we are the audience and they are the additional performers67. The word “such” (Line 6) refers to the fact that ________.A) music is performed with the participation of the audienceB) music is performed without the participation of the audienceC) people tend to distinguish the audience from the performersD) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs68. The author of the passage probably agrees that ________.A) all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in AfricaB) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their livesC) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instrumentsD) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians69. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) The Importance of Music to African PeopleB) Differences Between African Music and Music of Other CountriesC) The Relationship Between Musicians and Their AudienceD) A Characteristic Feature of African Musical PerformancesBIs there a magic cutoff period when offspring become accountable for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators (旁观者) in the lives of their children and shrug, "It' s their life," and feel nothing?When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital corridor waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son' s head. I was asked, "When do you stop worrying?" A nurse said, "When they get out of the accident stage." My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked incessantly, disrupted (打断) the class, and was headed for a career making license plates. As if to read my mind, a teacher said, "Don't worry. They all go through this stage, and then you can sit back, relax, and enjoy them." My mother listened and said nothing.When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring and the cars to come home, the front door to open.My friends said that when my kids got married I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s wan ( 淡淡的) smile and her occasional words, "You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home."Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry? Is concern for one another handed down like a torch to blaze the trail of human frailties and the fears of the unknown? Is concern a curse? Or is it a virtue that elevates us to the highest form of life? One of my children became quite irritable recently, saying to me, "Where were you? I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried! ! !"I smiled a warm smile.70. The author intends to tell us in the passage that_________A. Parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children.B. There is no time when parents have no worry about children.C. It’s parents’ duty to worry about their children.D. Parents don’t have to worry about their children.71. We can infer from the sentence “My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.” that_________A.Her mother shared the same idea as the nurseB. Her mother wouldn’t express her opinion upon the matterC. Her mother felt relieved to know there was nothing serious about her grandsonD. Her mother didn’t agree with the nurse72. The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties, and fifty in order to show_________A. the hard time she experiences in her life.B. the different stages of her childrenC. she had been worrying about her children in her life.D. the support she received from her mother.73.What can we infer from the sentence “ I smiled a warm smile” ?A. Finally the mother didn’t need to worry about the children.B. The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.C. At last, the mother could live her own life without worry.D. The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.COf all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to defi ne ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.74. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B. English-language .newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.75. Newspaper reviews in England before World War Ⅱ were characterized by __________.A. free themes.B. casual style.C. elaborate layout.D. radical viewpoints.76. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A. It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals..B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism,D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.77. What would be the best title for the text?A. Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB. The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC. Mournful Decline of JournalismD. Prominent Critics in MemoryAir travel has come a long way since that momentous day on 17 Dec.1903, when Wilbur Wright successfully achieved something no one had accomplished—powered flight. However,little did Wilbur and his younger brother Orville know that their invention would create an industry that would enable millions to not only fly 120ft ( as the brothers did ) but thousands of miles.Since then there have been hundreds of commercial airlines that have attempted to make money out of the Wright brothers’ invention.78 According to Flight Global,there have been 267 airline failure since 2009.79 ,But according to the International Air Transport Association, things may be about to change for the better.ITAT has raised its profit estimate for global carriers to 2.5 billion pounds this year.Although this is still some 50% below last y ear’s profits,ITAT predicts next year’s total profit could rise to around 4.6 billion.So, could this be a buying opportunity for investors?80 ,They fly aircraft.They sell seats on the aircraft to passengers and capacity for cargo.That’s it.Ho wever, hidden beneath the simplicity is operational gearing(经营杠杆）—airlines have to recover high overhead costs before they can make money.That’s why the recession has been so damaging for many under capitalized airlines .Many ran out of money as the eco nomic slowdown cut demands for air travel. Consequently, many airlines were forced to fly their planes even when it was uneconomical to do so. 81 . Low-cost airlines seem to have unlocked the secret of operational gearing by driving ticket prices lower through complicated yield management programs(收益管理项目）that aim to maximize the return.Keys:78-81:B C D (AB)中译英1.在涉及到公司的利益之处，我们永远不会轻易放弃。

【2017.11.21】2017-2018上海市上海中学届高三上学期周练英语试题(二)

上海中学高三周考II.Grammar (10’)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.A great deal ofattention(1) (pay)todaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--the divisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopooratpresent.Andthatdivide doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwas (2) (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work againstthedigitaldivide. There are reasons to beoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.(3)theInternetbecomesmoreandmorec ommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalize access-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmore governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on theplanet(4) (net) together. Asa result, I now believe the digital divide willnarrow(5) widen in theyearsahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6) well be the most powerfultoolfor combating world poverty that we've everhad.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(7) (take)advantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetover their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)stillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymight well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United Statesbuilt(9) industrial infrastructure, itdidn'thave the capital to do so. And thatis(10) America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreigninvestment.III.Vocabulary(10’)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.I’ma50-somethingmale,thefatherof twomostlygrowngirls.I’mhappytosaythatboth my parents are still kicking. I’m on good 1 with my brothers and sisters most of the time. Iamblessedwithgoodfriendsandotherrelations,andtendtogetonwellwithmyco-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone Iknow.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 2 . It simply doesn’t come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 3 than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 4 desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.Afteryearsofpsychotherapyandtheobsessive (强迫症) self-examinationcommontomy generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object ofour 5 . Mama was driven to 6 , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 7 for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I 8 for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she 9 me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That’s OK," I reckoned, "I can get by w ithout it". "it" being her love.Youcanimaginethesiblingrivalryinabigfamily.EventuallyItookhaveninthewrittenword to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 10 to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty muchempty.IV.Cloze(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.A true story of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble 1 can be dangerous.Forexample,eightyearsintothisbullmarketexpectingstockstodeliveras-strongreturnsoverthenext decadeis an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless 2.Another potential3 assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. By4, less than 15 percent of today’s retirees kept working that long.―If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble,‖ says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. ―It should be a complement to a solid savings and spending plan, not the 5.‖It’s simply too6 to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica CenterforRetirementStudiesfoundthatnearlytwo-thirdsofretireeslefttheworkforceearlierthanexpectedbecause they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percentofretireeswho 7theworkforceearlierthantheyexpecteddidsobecausetheyfelttheycould8 afford to.9, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year costto a firm when an employee 10 retirement: $50,000.Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can11 overall workforce costsby 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That’s not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers maybe more inclined to focus on ―financial wellness‖ strategies to get workers ready to retire12 than programsto help workers delay retirement.Fewerthanone-thirdofemployeessurveyedbyTCRSreporttheiremployerhassomesortof―transition‖ program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or 13 to a differentrole.―Workers’ vision of retirement is changing faster than employers’ business14,‖ said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase that 15 they can continue to work longer, if that’s part of the plan.1. A. pessimism B. optimism C. concern D. consideration2. A. relying on B. casting on C. accounting on D.falling on3. A. reliable B. possible C. flawed D. unlikely4. A. contrary B. compromise C. compliment D. contrast5. A. foundation B. basement C. founding D. construction6. A. ridiculous B. sensible C. risky D. logical7. A. extended B. exited C. existed D.remained8. A. economically B. mentally C. financially D.physically9. A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover10. A. delays B. expects C. gets D. decides11. A. decrease B. influence C. increase D.transform12. A. later B. sooner C. faster D. slower13. A. shifting B. altering C. ranging D. functioning14. A. deals B. practices C. customs D. operations15. A. abilities B. capabilities C. chances D.outputsV.Reading ComprehensionSectionADirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming we ll below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more thanhalf of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate ―free-riders‖: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the co sts such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many ― forced riders‖, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing ―climate justice‖ can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikelyto deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.1.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because.A)it is unfair to those climate-vulnerablenationsB)it aims to keep temperature rise belowonlyC)it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% ofcountriesD)it burdens developed countries with the soleresponsibility2.Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-handsmokers?A)They have little responsibility for public healthproblems.B)They are easily affected by unhealthy environmentalconditions.C)They have to bear consequences they are not responsiblefor.D)They are unaware of the potential risks they arefacing.3.What does the author say about the $ 100 billionfunding?A)It will motivate all nations to reduce carbonemissions.B)There is no final agreement on where it will comefrom.C)There is no explanation of how the money will bespent.D)It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissionsworldwide.4.What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climateagreement?A)Encouraging developing nations to take theinitiative.B)Calling on all the nations concerned to make jointefforts.C)Pushing the current world leaders to reachagreement.D)Putting in effect the policies in the agreement atonce.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – peopletrained to analyze large bodies of information –key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real- time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems,and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launchinga serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single applicationand the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says MrGoldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despitetheobstacles,somemaymasterthisdifficulttransition.Butcompaniesthatwerebuilt,fromthe beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent seriouscompetition.1.What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machinelearning?A.Machine learning operations are costly inNetflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existentapplications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technologycompanies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems inPinterest.2.The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―fields‖ mostprobablymeans.A.avoidsB.createsC.solvesD.classifies.3.Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learningoperation?A.HighcostB. Expertcrisis.C.TechnologicalproblemsD. Customerinteractions.D C A(C)Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous （无所不在的）battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the deca de, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become ―prosumers,‖ who produce and consume their own energy on site?No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.1.What does Dr. Sadoway think of energystorage?A.It involves the application of sophisticatedtechnology.B.It is the direction energy development shouldfollow.C.It will prove to be a profitablebusiness.D.It is a technology benefitingeveryone.2.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widelyused?A.Mobile-first lifestyles will becomepopular.B.The globalization process will beaccelerated.munications will take more diverseforms.D.The world will undergo revolutionarychanges.3.In some rural communities of emerging economies, people havebegunto .A.find digital devices simplyindispensablemunicate primarily by mobilephoneC.light their homes with stored solarenergyD.distribute power with wires and woodenpoles4.What does the author imply about the centralized electricgrid?A.It might become a thing of thepast.B.Itmightturnouttobea ―prosumer‖。

2017徐汇区上海中学高三上学期10月周测试卷

上海中学高三周考（）II. Grammar (10’)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A great deal of attention (1)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was(2)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (3)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (4)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (5)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(7)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built(9)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is(10)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.【答案】1.is being paid 2.less visible 3.As 4.will be netted 5.rather than6.may7.To take8. that9.its 10.why【分析】(1).分析可知，此处应为被动语态，”today”提示为现在进行时。

上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案

上海中学2017-2018学年高三英语期中考试试卷17. Roman Empire ________ for centuries.A.has existedB. existedC. had existedD. was existedrge quantities of petrol ________ used every year, causing a lot of pollution. What we need ________ green vehicles.A.is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is19.Out ________, with the ________ money in his hand.A.did he rush; remainedB. he was rushing; remainingC. rushed he; remainedD. he rushed; remaining20.________ like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore‟s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.A.LookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Being looked21.________is known to all is that the invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.A.What; made it possibleB. As; made it possibleC. It; made possibleD. What; made possible22.So involved in making false accounting ________ that I don‟t think this business partner is worthy ________.A.has he become; of being trustedB. he has become; to be trustedC. he becomes; to trustD. is he becoming; of trusting23.When we first arrived in ________ Detroit twenty years ago, the car production then was only one-tenth ________ it is now.A. what is now; whatB. where is now; asC. now is; thatD. which now is; than24.________ last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A.Not until the earth-moving machines cameB.The earth-moving machines cameC.Until the earth-moving machines cameD.Then came the earth-moving machines(A)Vegetarians are people who don‟t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don‟t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can make much sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum‟s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signe d and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class country under the sun”. Britons are surprisingly ____41____ to class - both their own and that of others. Almost everything else in England is about class and this aspect is frequently ____42____ of by other cultures.Mondeo-test is a good ____43____. Mention the Ford Mendeo to middle-class or upper-middle classes and they will sneeringly remark on it as something belonging to an insurance salesman. Some upper-middles may be too polite to laugh out loud, so you have to wash their faces carefully for the characteristics moue(撅嘴) of distaste that will be ____44____ by the word …Mondeo‟. In other words, lower-class is associated with this car. Mercedes Benz tells another story. Upper-middle class people in respectable professions, such as barristers, doctors, civil servants and senior army officers turn up their noses at the ____45____ world. In their mind, vulgar rich business people drive the …Merc‟. They might well drive a top-of-the range Audi, which costs about the same as a big Mercedes, but is regarded as more elegantly ____46____.The unwritten class rules involved in car care are even more ____47____ than those governing choice of car. The English will gauge your social rank by the appearance and condition of your car, which may be sending out even more powerful class ____48____ than the car mode. Dirty cars are connected with both the highest and lowest ends of the social ____49____, clean cars with the middle ranks. Do you wash and polish the car yourself ____50____ every weekend, in the driveway or the street outside your house? Then you are almost certainly lower-middle.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give ____51____ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber when they are ____52____ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate ____53____ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are ____54____ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become ____55____ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, ____56____ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a ____57____ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can ____58____ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business ____59____ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like ____60____, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, ____61____ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are ____62____ about others, not only themselves. ____63____, within economics courses, we should do a better job ____64____ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values - including helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Calling economists “rational fools,” Sen observ ed: “The purely economic man is indeed ____65____ to being a social moron(傻子).”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. resistant B. familiar C. eager D. closeASir William Osler has a few words for you: “In the Life of a young man, the most essential thing for happiness is the gift of friendship.” Truer words were never spoken. For what more could you ask than comradeship during the peaks and valleys of life? To whom else but a close, valuable friend can you show off your successes and complain about your failures or losses?What is a “good friend”? How is he best described? Well, it has been my observation that although many will cry with you, few can sincerely rejoice (欣喜) with you. Therefore, in my opinion, a good friend is one who can enjoy your successes without envy; one who can say, “That was wonderful! You can do it again, even better if you want!” and mean it. Nothing taxes a friendship more than the success of one and not the other. Even the closest of friendships often cannot resist such pressure and fail. No wonder many minor friendships go down day by day for the same reason.A person of good character and sound moral, of honor and humor, of courage and belief is a friend to be sought and treasured —for there are few. Too often we hear, “If you can count your good friends on more than one hand, consider yourself blessed.”And even then I would add, “Even if you have lost two fingers of that hand to the electric saw.What makes a friendship last? Well, I don‟t know all the answers, but one of my observationsis that most good friends usually have similar tastes. They generally like and dislike many of the same things. There also usually seems to exist a similarity of personality types - especially in the fundamental values of life such as honesty, sincerity, loyalty, and dependability. More often than not, birds of a feather do fly together. I don‟t think it matters a lot whether one prefers jazz or hockey to another‟s Mozart or ballet. Much other matters far more: relying, sharing, giving, getting, enjoying; a sympathetic ear always there; criticism when it can help; praise - even if only because it would help. With not many people on this earth will you find this much in common. When you find one, hang on to him, for a good friend found is a rare treasure.66. The function of Paragraph 1 is to introduce ________.A. a famous sayingB. the topic for discussionC. a famous personD. two different attitudes67. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph two?A. People don‟t have to pay taxes to develop friendship with others.B. Success of one person can promote his friendship with others.C. Friendship can be affected by the difference in success between friends.D. Nothing can affect friendship because it has gone through the peaks and valleys of life.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph three ?A. One is lucky to have many friends.B. A friend should have a good character.C. We should count our friends on more than one hand.D. A true friend should be treasured because there are few.69. According to the passage, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in a long-lasting friendship?A. Hobbies.B. Tastes.C. Personality.D. Sympathy.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help otherscan gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.70. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is________.A. to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity71. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.72. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.73. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.CSome of the world‟s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fr om agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world‟s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world‟s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed t hemselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferential ly focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.74. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in the leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.75. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.76. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.77. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D. The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. `78` Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. `79` For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”`80` You mig ht represent each letter with a number, For example, Let‟s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. `81` For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.1.屡次发生的天灾人祸使许多无辜的人丧失生命。

上海市松江一中2017-2018学年高三上学期英语周测卷(一) Word版含答案

2017-2018学年松江一中高三（上）英语周测（一）II. Grammar and Vocabulary(26%)SectionADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.ANo trip to South Korea is complete without a visit to its fascinating theme parks. For those who assume that amusement parks are just playgrounds teeming with kids, South Korea’s theme parks are sure (25)______(change) their minds.With their charming garden plantations, hot springs and exciting rides, they offer travellers a romantic and exciting getaway. Within the appropriate driving distance from the Korean capital Seoul, there are three theme parks worth (26)______ (visit)—Lotte World, Everland and Seoul Land.Everland, the (27)______(large) theme park in South Korea, covering various areas like Festival World, Caribbean Bay and Speedway. It is such (28)______ huge park that you will have to plan in advance where you are investing your time there.Lotte World, (29)_____ designer was determined to create a wonderland for fun-seekers, consists of Lotte World Adventure, and movie theatres. You (30)______ also take part in activities such as ice-skating or bowling there.(31)______ travellers want, South Korea is there to provide. Hop on a heart-stopping ride, amuse yourself in one of the theme parks or simply enjoy a (32)_____（relax）hot spring bath. Come and visit South Korea now!(B)Some of young soldiers who had recently joined the army were being trained in modern ways of fighting. One of the lessons they should take was (33) ______ an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy, take his weapon away and have him (34) ______ (arrest). First one of their two instructors took a knife away from the other, using only his bare hands, and then he took a gun away from him in the same way.After the lesson, and before they went on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they had understood what (35) ______ (show). One of the questions was this, “Well, you now know (36) ______ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun. Imagine that you (37) ______ (guard) a bridge at eight one night, and that you have a gun. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier (38) ______ (come) towards you, and what will you do?”The young soldier (39) ______ had to answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds(40) ______ he answered, and then said, “Well after what I have just seen, I think that the first thingI would do would be to get rid of my gun as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy soldier couldn’t take it from me and kill me with it!”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.If this summer you pay a visit to Milan, the fashion center of Italy, make sure you’re not caught eating ice cream in the streets after midnight as doing so is now ___41___.A new law was passed by Milan’s city council banning the sale of take-away food and drinks after midnight in some districts which are famous for their nightlife ___42___. The purpose of this unusual move is, according to the city council, to discourage night gathering in downtown areas.The law inevitably has given rise to a number of protests, accusing that the government has ___43___ people’s normal lives. However, if you take into consideration the country’s ___44___ economy and its high unemployment rate, the local government’s fear of ‘night assembling’may be reasonable.In fact, Milan’s law is only the strangest of a host of restrictions on nightlife that have ___45___ up in European cities recently. Madrid’s cit y center was declared a ‘low-noise zone’last September and the city council has been refusing to ___46___ bar and club licenses ever since.Why do European cities deal so strictly with nightlife? I t may be because Europe’s population is getting older and can no longer ___47___ late night activities within the neighborhood.In the past, bars and clubs bloomed in European city centers, which were ___48___ to working class populations. But gradually, these people began to move out of the city centers and into the suburbs. Only the wealthy and the upper-class people can afford to live in ___49___ centers now. But these people don’t go to bars and clubs to socialize. Instead, they consider fun-seekers who wander in their neighborhoods annoying. They also worry that bars and clubs will make their neighborhoods less ___50___ and devalue their housing property.III. Reading Comprehension(47%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many of us have characteristics that are inherited from our families. Maybe we have our father’s eyes or our grandmother’s hair color – __51__ features that result from the genes we inherit. But there are other elements of our personalities such as behaviors and viewpoints that we pick up by __52__ our parents. Perhaps we have picked up our mother’s love of cleaning or our dad’s sense of humor. Now, researchers at the University of Michigan believe there may be a specific viewpoint we can thank our parents for: the way we __53__ work.The researchers referred to previous studies that identified three main ways of viewing work. First, there are job-oriented (以求职为目的的)people, those who __54__ to see their job as simply a way to make money. They __55__ to clocking out（打卡下班）every day and pursuing fun activities __56__ the office. If you have a job-oriented father, you may view work this way. __57__, if you grew up close to your mother you probably will not hold this viewpoint. One possible __58__ cited by the study: Youngsters that grow up close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job.Second, there are career-oriented（追求事业型的）people who see their job as a place to find __59__ and gain a sense of __60__. These are the people who don’t __61__ working overtime. In fact, some people love their jobs so much that they become workaholics! They are more comfortable in the office than at home. According to the study, being close to a career- oriented father while growing up means there’s a good chance you’ll share his perspective. Oddly, having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have little __62__.Third, there are calling-oriented workers –folks who view their job as a way to make a (n) __63__ impact upon the world. They are more __64__ with improving the world around them than earning a large salary. In the study, those who expressed a strong calling (天职)orientation came from homes where both parents were calling-oriented. This suggests that adolescents need the support of both parents in order to have the confidence to put __65__ first and career success second.The good news is – we still have choice. Whether we share our parents’ views of work or not, we can still find a career that suits us.51. A. medical B. physical C. biological D. mental52. A. stimulating B. neglecting C. implying D. modeling53. A. view B. think C. evaluate D. comment54. A. attempt B. manage C. tend D. offer55. A. pay attention B. are opposed C. look forward D. are devoted56. A. outside B. inside C. upside D. downside57. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover58. A. observation B. explanation C. negotiation D. instruction59. A. salary B. company C. direction D. achievement60. A. trust B. identity C. despair D. urgency61. A. like B. resist C. mind D. consider62. A. influence B. evidence C. performance D. justice63. A. objective B. negative C. subjective D. positive64. A. familiar B. concerned C. anxious D. combined65. A. personal ideals B. economic profitsC. professional achievementsD. global developmentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）On “Super Bowl Sunday”, millions of Americans are glued to their TVs. They are eating pizza, chicken wings and chips and cheering every move. They’re watching the Super Bowl.Why are Americans so crazy about American football? Well, it is more exciting than other sports. One team can lose possession of the ball in a minute, which may allow their opponents to make a touchdown(触地得分). Then that team may win the game unexpectedly.The Super Bowl also entertains its audience with a great halftime show. The football field is turned into a stage. Then an impressive performance of dancing and singing with special effects occurs.Since the Super Bowl is the most-watched TV program in America, commercial airtime is also very expensive. Big money is also spent on commercials. They draw the viewers’attention and advertise their image or products during the commercial break.After football season, the “March Madness” begins. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) competitions begin with 68 men’s college basketball teams. They play until the field is reduced to the “Final Four”. The winning team becomes the national champion. The NBA (National Basketball Association) All-Star game is also held in February. The best players from all the teams play in this game.Baseball is no doubt American’s national sport. From grandpas to young kids, whole families go to ball games together. They wear their favorite team’s caps or even carry their mascot(吉祥物). Our family went to watch Wang Chien-Ming play in D.C. once. We ate hot dogs, waved flags and sang during the 7th inning(棒球的一局) stretch.If you are not a sports fan yet, come and pick a sport or a team. Go to a ball game with your family, and cheer your team on. Sports are definitely a part of American culture one should not miss.66. According to the passage, the Super Bowl is _____.A. a well-received American football gameB. an expensive American sportC. an impressive TV performanceD. a most-watched TV series67. Which of the following may be one of the reasons for the popularity of the Super Bowl?A. Its results are too exciting to meet viewers’ expectations.B. People can eat pizza, chicken wings and chips when watching it.C. Its commercials are expensive enough to draw viewer s’ attention.D. The performances during its halftime show are appealing to viewers.68. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Americans spend a large amount of money on ball games.B. American people of all ages like going to watch baseball games.C. All the American stars take part in the national basketball game.D. There are important national ball games in America almost every month.69. The passage is mainly written to _____.A. inform readers of the three popular sports in AmericaB. teach readers how to understand the sports culture in AmericaC. encourage readers to fit in with American culture through sportsD. show readers the importance of sports in young people’s life in America(B)Getting to work by bicycle has never been more ernments and nations are transforming their cities and highways to meet the needs of this new generation of cycling enthusiasts , and in a world where green alternatives (选择) are the new must-have, average citizens are eagerly seizing their chance to help make their streets and their bodies cleaner than ever before.Become an EBTC Member-Click Here.The Edmonton Bicycle and Touring Club ( EBTC) is a recreational not-for-profit volunteer-run group devoted to promoting its members to cooperatively run bicycling trips during the spring, summer and fall, cross-country skiing trips in the winter, and social events all the year round. We welcome both road bike and mountain bike riders !Benefits of Joining EBTC :·Opportunity to create the kinds of events you like: enjoy dozens of events all year round, organized by members like you !·Participation in the local cycling community.·Use of club bicycle tools on tour and library materials.·Discounts at various bicycle shops.Why Cycle with a Group?·It's more FUN !·It encourages you to come out often and get healthy exercise without going to a gym.·Develop skills and gain through the experience of others.·Meet new and interesting people with a common interest in cycling.·Meet a fun-loving, energetic and different group of individuals who enjoy a healthy lifestyle.·Enjoy the outdoors experience with the companionship and security of a group.·Group atmosphere provides challenge to strong cyclists and support and confidence to the novice .For more info on the EBTC:Phone the Club Hotline at 780-424-2453 (780-424-BIKE)E-mail: jprimeau@ edmontonbicycle. comMail us at : Edmonton Bicycle & Touring ClubP. O. Box 52017Garneau Postal Stn.Edmonton, AB T6G 2T5 Canada70. The aim of EBTC is ______ .A. to call for governments to produce more bicyclesB. to make money by organizing bicycling tripsC. to popularize cycling by attracting more membersD. to look for young volunteers for sporting events71.What's the advantage of cycling with a group? ______A. Participating in whatever events.B. Meeting more new people.C. Having bicycles free of charge.D. Enjoying discounts in a gym.72.The underlined word "novice" in the passage probably means "________ .A. professional cyclistB. inexperienced riderC. event organizerD. healthy individual73.Apart from the website, how many other ways can people gain information from EBTC?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.(C)The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to Increasing Understanding between Nations) The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other ’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour ’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody ’s grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what ’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of thepeoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot ’. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! –That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.74.The passage mainly wants to tell us________A.tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.B.Tourism is tiresome.C.Conducted tour is dull.D. tourism really does something to one’s country.75.What is the author's attitude toward tourism?A.apprehensive.B.negative.C.critical.D. appreciative.76.The word”cosseted” (para 2 line 3) probably means_____A.over-protectedB.variedC.limitedD.luxurious77.What is ‘grand tour’now?A. moderate cost.B. local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.C.people enjoy the first-rate comforts.D.everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn’t been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do –anything, providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence –so long as theyare quiet.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.78.What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?__________________________________________________________________________79.what’s the author’s suggestion to forget TV?_________________________________________80.&81Please smmerize at least two harms of TV80.____________________________________________________________________________81.____________________________________________________________________________第II卷I. Translation (22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这位明星因为吸毒被警方逮捕。

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题考生注意：普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension Section A10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B.Queuing up for the check-in.C.Meeting friends at the arrivals.D.Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B.The woman prefers the colour.C.The man is concerned about the colour.D.The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7.A. He was chairman of the club.B.He wanted to learn a new language.C.He wanted to know more about the club.D.He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sportsplayer.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in teamsports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B.Sleep promotes rest.C.Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D.Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a goodmemory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B.Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C.Central parts of the Mediterranean.D.Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B.It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C.It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D.It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B.It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C.It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D.It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B.Buy the student health insurance.C.Get the international travel insurance.D.Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22) (leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹 ) is mostly(24) the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales —last year lessthan 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism,particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) allowtravelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) y ou park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversationdifficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians ．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills ．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with PositScience’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time ．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories ．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings ．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was _39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA. accompaniedF. distinguish B. commerciallyG. fundedH. measures C. computerizedI. potentially D. contents E. declineJ. processingK. respondA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions.45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari fro m the University of Queensland’s School of Po pulation Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in48 successful ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was alot more work to be done, sh e added. “There’s lots ofstigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”The data —for the year 2010 —follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization s aid depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be r eflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41.A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42.A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43.A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44.A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45.A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46.A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47.A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48.A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49.A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50.A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51.A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52.A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53.A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54.A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55.A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette(礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with re spect. It’s just asimportant in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online.When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments o n message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can makepeople pretty brave. And whenall they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal co mmunication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Wr iting in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s per sonal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56.According to the passage, the users of social media are advised .A.to trigger arguments on message boardsB.to behave online with common courtesyC.to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD.to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57.Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible thingsin response to a blog post?A.Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B.Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C.Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D.Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58.Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll beback in an hour?A. B.C. D.Recycling at work - handy hints to employers59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online witho ut permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)Recycling at work - handy hints toemployersIt is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businessesnot only increase profits but they also save natural resources.Setting up a company schemeGet everyone involvedArouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. ?Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. ? Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then seethe impact their actions are having.PaperWhat to recycle and how ? According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail.Plastic cupsRather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%!Electrical equipmentRather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a newmachine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities whenit comes to replacing them.60.What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?/doc/d6*******.htmlcational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61.What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A.Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62.Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A.Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.B.Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrownaway.C.One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recyclingissue./doc/d6*******.htmlcational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize therecycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pul l. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking aboutthe end of human labour. We’re also talking ab out the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI arelikely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win thisrace is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB.it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as human race。

2017-2018上海中学高三上期中

上海中学2017学年第一学期期中考试英语试题20171109 高三_____班学号_________ 姓名____________ 成绩_________________第I卷(110分)I.I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections:In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Angry. B. Tired. C. Hungry. D. Disappointed.2. A. She did a survey a week ago. B. She completed her survey quickly.C. She will help him on Thursday.D. She thinks she can reduce the cost.3. A. In a grocery. B. In a warehouse.C. In a shopping mall.D. In a fashion designer's studio.4. A. He wrote it last semester. B. He'll finish it in a few minutes.C. He never does assignments early.D. He isn't going to write it.5. A. Boss and secretary. B. Coach and athlete.C. Doctor and patient.D. Teacher and student.6. A. 10:00. B. 10:10. C. 10:20. D. 10:30.7. A. The electrician came to repair the lamp. B. The lamp was taken to the repair shop.C. She had Mike fix the lamp.D. The lamp was replaced.8. A. Studying. B. Watching television.C. Coming upstairs.D. Going to the movies.9. A. She had gone to photography class instead.B. She has not chosen a picture for it.C. She had broken her camera.D. She was unable to have her picture taken.10. A. Dick is practically the only one who thinks so.B. Most people play football differently.C. Few people are optimistic about the team's chances of winning.D. Dick is disappointed in football games.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The teenagers' strange behaviour.B. The teenagers' criticism of their parents.C. The dominance of the parents over their children.D. Misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents. .15. A. Because they want to make their parents angry.B. Because they have no other way to enjoy themselves.C. Because they have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste.D. Because they want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own.16. A. They should be obedient. B. They should be responsible. .C. They should be cooperative.D. They should be independent.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17．A. He hadn’t found the job.B. He found a job as a teacher.C. He was preparing for final exams.D. he found a job as a writer.18. A. Writers. B. Interviewers.C. Newspaper reporters.D. Teachers.19. A. New York. B. Boston.C. California.D. Los Angeles.20. A. Continue his education. B. Start a newspaper.C. Write a book.D. Continue to find jobs.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those22. Because he could not find the right theme ______, his explanation was vague and unconvincing.A. which to center his thought aroundB. around which his thoughts to centerC. on which to center his thoughtsD. which he centers his thoughts on23.A: The research on the new virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?B: ______ my students have a try?A. ShallB. MustC. WillD. May24.I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, ______ these donation draw tickets from you.A. buyB. buyingC. buysD. to buy25. The man got up and shouted that he was the equal ______ any boxer at the Fair.A. atB. toC. withD. of26. The architects of the temples of ancient Rome and Greece worked anonymously (匿名地), ________the builders of the medieval cathedrals in Europe.A. as didB. as haveC. as ifD. as27.The Qingming Festival, now a national holiday, allows more people to pay their respects to dead relatives on ______ would otherwise be a workday like Friday.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. what28. In the United States and some other countries, it is the driver’s responsibility to m ake sure that children under fourteen do not ride in the front seat ______ they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.A. whileB. evenC. untilD. unless29.______ the U.S. has been busy consuming, Asia, China in particular, has been investing in factories and technologies, so it can produce even more goods and services to sell abroad.A. AsB. Even ifC. WhileD. Whether30.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A. ignoreB. to be ignoredC. ignoringD. ignoredDirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.From classics to moviesHe can recite Shakespeare’s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey.Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at a university, but the well-educated British man chose (31) __________(do) something that he loved even more: acting.He’s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The DarkWorld, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston’s role as Thor’s evil brother has led to his fans —“Hiddlestoners” —(32) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema.(33) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (34) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected had come up to me after the show and said: ‘You could really do this (35) __________ you wanted to’,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.He said that as a teenager he didn’t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (36) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (37) __________ else. “You’ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man?” the father told the son.So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (38) __________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he graduated with (39) __________ first-class degree.But Hiddleston’s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the titl e superhero, but the director decided that he was (40) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the word in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel ____41______ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re obsessed with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the ____42______ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, _____43_____ to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more ____44______ ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be _____45_____ by imports —pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat as a political ____46______.But strong opinions have not brought ____47______. Americans are ambivalent（矛盾的）about what they put in their mouths. We have become ____48______ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The ____49______ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat —and how we _____50_____ it with friends, family, and strangers — that help define America as a community today.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe's last pristine wildness. But the truth is, once you're off the 51 track of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, 52 Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own 53 .For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, 54 —the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the " Mona Lisa".When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year 55 with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter （冶炼厂）, those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades 56 the opportunity. For a long time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit— a world 57 almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions— the remote and sparsely populated east— where the way of life had steadily 58 to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas (定额) were 59 in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually 60 . Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn out to be 61 and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign 62 , an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that 63 could be sold to the rest of the world and 64 an economy historically dependent on fish. “We have to live,” Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the regio n, was a driving 65 behind the project. “We have a right to live.”51. A. beaten B. explored C. expired D. centered52. A. so B. when C. if D. as53. A. government B. inhabitants C. countryside D. scale54. A. designed B. retained C. exploited D. preserved55. A. stage B. contract C. transition D. prosperity56. A. gave up B. jumped at C. rushed to D. made up57. A. revolving B. developing C. Stirring D. Initiating58. A. transferred B. declined C. grew D. reformed59. A. preferred B. presented C. resisted D. imposed60. A. wiped out B. held up C. kept down D. put aside61. A. priceless B. superficial C. worthless D. negative62. A. investment B. Exclusion C. invasion D. landscape63. A. socially B. immediately C. accidentally D. potentially64. A. stabilize B. wreck C. diversify D. consolidate65. A. force B. wheel C. instructor D. signalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )If you intend to use humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the li ne, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that's God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don't succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.66. To make your humor work, you should_________.A. take advantage of different kinds of audienceB. make fun of the disorganized peopleC. address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners67. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are________.A. impolite to new arrivalsB. very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to no privilegesD. very busy even during lunch hours68. It can be inferred from the text that public services______.A. have benefited many peopleB. are the focus of public attentionC. are an inappropriate subject for humorD. have often been the laughing stock( B )Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore (展示) their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling（使命）, and were proud to be published in the daily press. 'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote “that I am tempted to define” journalism “as a term of contempt（轻蔑）applied by writers who are not read to writers who are”.Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly polished Vicwardian（维多利亚和爱德华时代）prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.69. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.70. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by ___________.A. free themes.B. casual style.C. elaborate layout.D. radical viewpoints71. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A. It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.72. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C. His style caters largely to modern specialists.D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.( C )The most prevalent use of intelligence test scores is to predict degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to identify children who are working below capacity.The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion(标准) of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instruction in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations(相关度) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.Both tests constitute measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college are themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academic success, especially atthe college level. Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional program. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlation.73. The intelligence scores can be used in the following way EXCEPT ______.A. telling in advance the degree of academic successB．admitting intelligent children to school at the age younger than ordinaryC．finding out children working below capacity in primary schoolsD．selecting pupils by public secondary schools74.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A. The standards for the evaluation of college students’ academic achievements need to be improved.B. The correlations between intelligence and achievement tests in middle schools are not as high as predicted.C. Intelligence test scores can help predict accurately the degree of students’ academic success.D. The high correlations can prove that the results of academic tests exactly agree with intelligence test scores.75.What can we learn about the two major tests for college admission?A. The papers of the College Entrance Examination are set by the College Entrance Examination Board.B. The American College Test is of the same importance as the College Entrance Examination.C. The results of the two examinations will be sent to colleges with the students’ permission.D. The College Entrance Examination is as fashionable as the American College Test.76.Which of the following does not account for the reduction of the correlation between the two admission tests and the academic success in college?A. Measures of students’ achievements in collegeB. Students’ motivations for and interest in their studyC. Some students’ being refused th e admission to the collegeD. The popular use of the intelligence testSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. NoteMost people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. ___77____. They suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high bl ood pressure. That’s why a new study of French workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue in people after they got retired than while they were still employed. ___78____. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.___79___. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions that French workers enjoy. Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.“The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,” Westerlund says. “We don’t know if the decrease in fat igue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won’t see the improvements we did.”_____80_____ With less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.IV．Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proud ly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers。

2017-2018学年奉贤中学高三上英语周测卷

2017-2018学年奉贤中学高三第一学期周测Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.　B1. According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .A. with care and respectB. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmnessD. with attention and observation2. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New ZealandA. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.CAn article published recently in the scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but so far little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble, and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a decisive factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical（人体结构的）features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are very confident that strong selection for running，which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees-was helpful in the origin of the modern human body form,” says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah. Traditional thinking up to now has been that the upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking.Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running over short distances. Even Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses and antelopes, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favorably with that of horses or dogs.Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament（颈背的韧带）. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates（灵长类动物）, although the fossil（化石）record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons （跟腱）at the backs of our legs, which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, wehave low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls (the bony part of the head), another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently.But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners One assumption is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. “What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores (animals that eat meat) for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today.” says Lieberman.1. .We can learn from the passage that the human ability to run _______.A. was only recently described in a scientific journalB. played an important part in human evolutionC. was considered more natural than the ability to live in treesD. contributed to the form of human language2. .According to the second paragraph, humans _______A. are better runners than most other animalsB. are not good at running short distancesC. compare unfavorably with horses and dogsD. are poor long-distance runners3..It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.A. enables us to run with steady headsB. is found in modern primates onlyC. prevents the head from being held highD. is a unique feature of carnivores4 .The passage does NOT tell us that _______A. early humans had an advantage in obtaining food thanks to the running abilityB. fossils help us better understand human evolution.C. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running efficientlyD. big brains may have been evolved for running long-distance。

2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三英语周考卷教师版

建平中学高三周考卷11.21II.Grammar and vocabulary(20)Section A(10)Directions :After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman 1 (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.The terrorists were extremist elements 2 (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the 3 apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman 4 four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities 5 killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests 6 his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.Terror attacks in Egypt 7 7 focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them 8(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.Another militant group 9 (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war 10 (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.【答案】： 1.were wounded 2.escaping 3.other 4.while 5.that 6.against ed to 8.claimed 9.referred10.declared【分析】1. 考查动词。

上海市普陀区2017-2018学年高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题

考生注意：普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension Section A10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B.They are interested in today’s paper.C.They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D.They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B.Queuing up for the check-in.C.Meeting friends at the arrivals.D.Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B.The woman prefers the colour.C.The man is concerned about the colour.D.The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7.A. He was chairman of the club.B.He wanted to learn a new language.C.He wanted to know more about the club.D.He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sportsplayer.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in teamsports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B.Sleep promotes rest.C.Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D.Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a goodmemory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B.Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C.Central parts of the Mediterranean.D.Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B.It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C.It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D.It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B.It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C.It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D.It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B.Buy the student health insurance.C.Get the international travel insurance.D.Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹 ) is mostly(24) the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year lessthan 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) allowtravelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) y ou park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversationdifficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower 32 speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians ．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills ．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time ．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was 35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories ．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings ．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was _39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to 40 to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels ．III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases markedA. accompaniedF. distinguishB. commercially G. funded H. measuresC. computerizedI. potentiallyD. contentsE. declineJ. processing K. respondA, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. 45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari fro m the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in48 successful ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was alot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”The data —for the year 2010 —follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization s aid depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41.A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42.A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43.A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44.A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45.A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46.A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47.A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48.A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49.A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50.A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51.A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52.A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53.A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54.A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55.A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette(礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which is basically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just asimportant in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online.When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And whenall they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human being!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also about communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal co mmunication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s per sonal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a private place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56.According to the passage, the users of social media are advised .A.to trigger arguments on message boardsB.to behave online with common courtesyC.to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD.to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57.Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible thingsin response to a blog post?A.Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B.Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C.Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D.Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58.Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll beback in an hour?A. B.C. D.Recycling at work - handy hints to employers59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.(B)Recycling at work - handy hints toemployersIt is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.Setting up a company schemeGet everyone involved•Arouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. •Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:•Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. • Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then seethe impact their actions are having.PaperWhat to recycle and how • According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail.Plastic cups• Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%!Electrical equipment• Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities whenit comes to replacing them.60.What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?cational posters.B. Annual reports.C. Regular newsletters.D. Competition rules.61.What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?A.Disposable goods.B. Writing notes.C. Envelopes.D. Ceramic tableware.62.Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?A.Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones.B.Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrownaway.C.One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recyclingissue.cational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize therecycling scheme.(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking ab out the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI arelikely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win thisrace is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63.When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .A.it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB.it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC.it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD.it will view itself as human race64.The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “”.A.connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By making comparisons.B.By showing valid evidence.C.By giving assumptions.D.By analyzing statistics.66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.For the God’s sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B.Can we build AI without losing control over it?C.For or against AI, that is the question!D.How does superintelligence serve the people?Section C 8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children may take.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parents relax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she’s depriving her children of her constant attention,but if she stays home, she tends to give her children too much love.D.According to Freud, after the first five “formative years” ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the c hild’s personality was set for life.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate.F.Obviously it’s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrongstep will not doom the child to psychological damage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered “good”, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren’t“bad”.67In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape h er child’s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfectchild is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68 Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do notbenefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child’s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence.70 Between the parents’best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child’s nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child’s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren’t going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parentsshout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means ofbroadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores — one marker of elite colleges —didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them — either because of rejection or by their own choice — are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than averag e academic ability of their classmates.”V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。

2017年9月上海中学高三英语周练试卷

上海中学2018届高三（上）英语练习卷1-2017.9I. Grammar-blank filling-2006专业四级阅读改编There are many superstitions(迷信) in Britain, but one of 21_______(widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder - even if it means 22_______(step) off the pavement into a busy street! If you 23_______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed 24______ you’ve seen a dog. Alternatively, you must lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house - it will 25______ bring misfortune to the person that opened it or to the household. Moreover, 26______ opening an umbrella indoors in fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month 27______ (fall) on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid an inauspicious event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can befall you is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to28 ______ (originate) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in the UK, 29 ______ ______ they are connected with witchcraft(巫术). You are said to be lucky if a black cat crosses your path---although in America the opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is 30 ______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “ my car has never broken down, touch wood?”the most widely, stepping, must, until, either, anyone, falls, have originated, even though/if, thatAsk most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a 31. ______ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s 32______ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and 33. ______ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of 34. ______ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from 35. ______ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The 36. ______ for success haunts（萦绕于）us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even 37. ______ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success 38. ______ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in 39. ______ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe 40. ______ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Careless; industry; fueled; illustration; modest; notion; invaded; inevitably; status; stronglyIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A:The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers. Starbucks literally changed the defi1ition of“a good cup of coffee.”For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, __41__ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans __42__ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and __43__ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all __44__ the “Starbucks Experience”.Almost all Starbucks were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”, __45__ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.__46__ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and __47__ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you are part of a family. At work you are part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been __48__ to creating for its customers---a kind of “third place” where they can __49__, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the __50__ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also __51__ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black and white only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of __52__ the visual warmth, bearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows, watching the crowded streets, __53__ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the __54__ life.But the __55__ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. in addition to C. compared with D. in terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. cultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. vision41-45: CDBBC 46-50: CDABB 51-55: ADBBB(B)-2014普特英语听力-科技Whether it's from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives. But, what if science __56__ your bad memories so you can start all over again? As is known to all, memory is an incredibly complex __57__. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is__58__.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering this video, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, __59__ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially __60__ by proteins in the brain.So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. __61__, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long term memories for __62__. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are literally physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is altered a little, reflecting your __63__ thoughts. Remembering is an act of __64__ and imagining, which means the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone __65__. And because memories are formed and rebuilt, every time, if you administer（服药）the protein inhibiting drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be __66__ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played a sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this multiple times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. __67__, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still __68__ the noise; however, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure the drug wasn't just causing large scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with multiple tones this time. Both sounds would warn for a shock, and __69__ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining __70__ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across various parts of brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. reception B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearful56-70 DBADA CCCBD BABDD试卷2-Section B: Passages(A)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right infront of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.31. According to the author, the woman was probably __________.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past32. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.33. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty34. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a strangerACDA(B)A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying , cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 –minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.35. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A．Do homework and watch TV B．Buy drinks and enjoy concertsC．have meals and meet with friends D．Add money to your ID and play chess36.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in the Globe on weekends.B．The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C．You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get tutoring for you language studies.D．If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.37. What is the function of TWU Express?A．To carry students to the lecture halls.B．To provide students with campus toursC．To take students to the Mattson Centre.D．To transport students to and from the stores.CDD(C)Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people.According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage—even at 20 percent over—may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set—along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack—and there’s a car or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated ＄68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? True, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. Butif an ounce of prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.38. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that ______A. the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B. people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C. being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D. the overweight problem has long been studied.39. By saying “So are the attendant health risks”, the author means ______A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.40. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.41. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for Americans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.42. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needs to____A. be taught to prevent gaining weight.B. be educated to lose weight effectively.C. seek help from consumer information.D. know what makes a healthy dinner.BBADA(D)-2008年考研英语真题In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation's early leaders and the fragile nature of the country's infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. 'The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen's political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.43. According Paragraph 1, George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to ________A. show the primitive medical practice in the past.B. demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.D. reveal some unknown aspect of his life.44.We may infer from the second paragraph that __________A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life.D. political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.45.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave stained his prestige.46.Which of the following is true according to the text?A. Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution. DBCA(E)-2017年北京高考真题Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced nuclear chain reaction.67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may_________ .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to______________ .A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches69.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to_________ .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world70.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.AADCIV. Multiple choice51. In such a modern society, almost all our energy is used to learn how to achieve such aims as success, prestige, money power, and almost _____ to learn the art of loving.A. noneB.no oneC. nothingD. nobody52. Many International organizations such as WHO have made progress in medical services _____, among other things, considering the local culture in developing countries as an integral factor in building an efficient health-care system.A. beyondB. includingC. byD. through53. He who _____ not learn when he is young will regret when he is old.A. needB. willC. dareD. would54. Scientific research indicates taking a 15-to 30-minute brisk walk every day-----or dancing, jogging, or biking if you prefer _____ you feel less depressed and more vigorous.A. needB. willC. dareD. would55. The editor in chief is pretty sure that the latest novel will sell well _____ printedA. untilB. if onceC. even ifD. when56. For the lawyer to win the case, what is of vital importance is not that the judge believes the accused is innocent, but _____ the jury believes that he is.A. /B. whetherC. thatD. if57. After _____ by the magnitude-7 earthquake, Jiuzhaigou suffered from serious damages to its scenic spots, many tourists _____ in the disaster region.A. struck, were trappedB. being struck, trappedC. struck, having been trappedD. having been struck, were trapped58. We could have done something more meaningful during the time it _____ to gossip.A. has takenB. tookC. had takenD. takes59. _____, it is as important to respect others as ______ by others.A. To believe it or not, being respectedB. Believing it or not, respectedC. To believe it or not, to be respectedD. Believe it or not, to be respected60. _____the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, the trade winds（信风）cause a flow of water to the west.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Though61. This is the first time that astronomers _____the whole process of a black hole ______ a star, from its first to nearly final bites.A. see; eatB. have seen; eatingC. have seen; to eatD. had seen; eating62. We will be for _____promises to help us solve the tough problem of unemployment.A. whoB. anyoneC. no matter whoD. whoever63. To be grateful means you are thankful for and appreciate of _____you have and ______ you are on your path right now.A. which, whenB. what, whereC. all, whichD. all, that64. _____extremists insist on nuclear energy will definitely lead to human extinction, moderates tend to agree that new sources of energy will eventually be developed and that nuclear energy will play its part.。

上海市七宝中学2017届高三上学期周测卷英语试题1含答案

Test for 21st Teens, Issue 646 (sept 19)Schoolgirl picks names (7%)Many children dream of becoming astronauts (宇航员), scientists, teachers or pop stars, but it is unlikely that many would say, “When I grow up, I want to help people pick their baby’s name.”Yet one British teenager is a baby namer ____1____ is laughing all the way to the bank.Beau Jessup, 16, ____2_____(earn) more than ￡48,000 (422,155 yuan) by helping Chinese parents choose English names for their children, according to the BBC.A student at Cheltenham Ladies College in England, Jessup had the idea during a family visit to China. It came ____3_____, during a meal out, she was asked by her parents’ friends to suggest an English name for their newborn baby.And thus, her business was born: She ___4_____(found) the Specialname website.After choosing their child’s gender (性别), parents are asked by the site to select from a list of 12 personality traits (特点) – including sensitive, honest, creative and clever – to match the way they would like their kid to be.Three names are then suggested, along with their meanings and a famous person with the same name such as Grace Kelly or Catherine Middleton. For example, Rose means elegant, sensitive and reliable. Parents can share the choices with their family and friends using messaging app WeChat so they can help make the final choice.Users ____5____(charge) dozens of yuan to use the service. Jessup said she was happy to have played a part in the lives of many families and changed her own life.“I have a target (目标) to reach ___6____ will allow me to pay for my university fees, and writing the text for the site was really good practice for my Mandarin GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education),” she told The Independen t.The practice of the Chinese ____7____(choose) Western names for themselves and their kids has been going on for decades. It is especially handy when it comes to cross-cultural communication.Jessup’s business isn’t the first of its kind. Last year, L indsay Jernigan from the US started a similar site called “Best English Names”.Chinese people aren’t the only ones who pay companies to choose names for their babies, either. In recent years, baby name experts have found success in the US and Europe by helpingparents name their babies.Climbing in pain(10%)Day one: Saturday, April 26, 9 am.Out in the desert, I leave my truck ____8_____ the path begins for Horseshoe Canyon. My plan is to cycle up Horshoe Canyon, leave the bike at the top and then come down Blue John Canyon on foot.The trip is a last-minute decision. Usually I would leave a detailed schedule with my roommates, but the only word I have given is “Utah”.____9_____ the Blue John path will be only a day trip, I’m carrying a 13kg pack, mos t of the weight ____10_____ (take) up by climbing gear (装备) for the canyon, food and four liters of water.By 2:30 pm, I’m about 7 miles into the canyon, where the canyon is no more than 1 meter wide. ____11____(get) down a steep (急剧下降的) drop I try to hang off the edge of a boulder (巨石) that is stuck between the walls of the canyon. Just before I let go of it, I feel it move. ___12_____ ________ ________ I land on the floor of the canyon, the boulder comes falling down. In the narrow space I cannot avoid the boulder. It hits one wall and then breaks my right arm against the other wall and stops there.The extreme pain throws me into a panic. I pull my arm quickly three times in an attempt to get it out from under the rock. But I’m stuck. There is no way I ____13_____ pull it out or move the boulder.There is no feeling in my right hand at all and it is already turning grey.My immediate worry is water. The average survival time in the desert ___14_____ water is between two and three days. My next thought is escape. Eliminating (排除) ideas that are just too stupid (like breaking open my AA batteries and hoping the acid eats into the stone but not my arm), I decide to try to chip away the rock around my hand with my knife. This is terribly slow.___15_____ _________ I wanted to sleep, I couldn’t. My hand is trapped too high up so I can’t lie down, and as soon as my knees bend, the pain is terrible. ____16____(use) a rope and some of my climbing gear, I manage to fix a kind of seat. That helps me take the weight off myfeet, although I soon realize that the straps (带子) restrict (限制) the blood supply and I can’t sit in it for more than 20 minutes.Pandas making their comeback(10%)When it comes to cuteness, few animals can compete with the giant panda, a national treasure. And there is good news for the lovable creature: It has just been brought back from the brink (边缘) of ____17_____.The International Union for Conservation (爱惜) of Nature (IUCN) downgraded the species from “____18_____” to “vulnerable” (易危) as the union published its new Red List on Sept 4.The downgrade came after IUCN data suggested that there were 1,864 giant pandas in the wild in China in 2021－their population grew by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2021.Decades of conservation efforts have included the _____19____ of giant panda poaching (偷猎) and the creation of a panda reserve (爱惜区) system, increasing the number of areas where the animal can live.“The Chinese have done a great job in investing in panda habitats, expanding and setting up new ____20_____,” Ginette Hemley, senior vice-president for wildlife conservation at the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), told the BBC.The number of panda reserves in China has jumped to 67 from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live in these reserves, according to the WWF.“The ____21_____ of the panda shows that when science, politics and … local communities come together, we can save wildlife,” WWF Director General Marco Lambertini told CNN.The giant panda, however, is not completely safe yet. Climate change and ____22_____ amounts of bamboo could mean the gains that have been made in the past few decades don’t last. The BBC said that fast climate change might destroy a third of the giant pandas’ bamboo-filled homes in the next 80 years. Due to the warmer weather, bamboo might not even____23____.Pandas must eat 12kg to 38kg worth of bamboo each day to ____24____ their energy needs. It makes up some 99 percent of their diet, without which they are likely to starve.“It is a real ____25_____, and this is the main problem that species are faci ng all over the world with regard to (关于) climate change,” Joe Walston, vice president of Conservation Field Programs for the Wildlife Conservation Society, told the Live Science website. “The most important thing we can do at the moment is to be able to g row … that habitat (栖息地) and … allow pandas to move across land.”Therefore, conservation efforts will continue and the giant panda will still be “a conservation-dependent species for the _____26____ future,” the IUCN’s report concluded.Money motivates fitness(15%)Do you think you would work out more if you were offered money to do so? Science has shown that money can give people motivation to ____27_____, but perhaps not in the way that you think.According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine journal, the best ___28_____ isn’t offering money; it’s giving someone money, then ____29_____ to take it away.Researchers gave 281 people the goal of walking 7,000 steps every day over 13 weeks.To motivate the people who took part to reach the goal, researchers divided them into ____30____ groups. People in the first group received $ (9 yuan) each day as long as they ____31_____ 7,000 steps; the second group was only able to collect the $ if they had reached 7,000 steps the day before; and the third group was given $42 at the beginning of each month, and $ was taken away every time someone failed to meet the goal.The third group met their daily ____32____ goals 50 percent more often than the other two groups, showing that people were most ____33_____ to walk by the fear of losing money.“People are more motivated by losses than gains, and they like ____34____ gratification (知足),” study author Dr Mitesh Patel, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the US, t old CNN. “They want to be ____35_____ today, not next year or far into the future.”Our brains tend to avoid wanting to lose things more than they try to get the ____36_____ from gaining them, Patel explained. “It makes people think like the money is th eirs to lose from day one.”___37____, in most programs, many participants (参与者) will drop out quickly and only the motivated will stay _____38_____, Patel said.“In ours, we were pleasantly surprised that 96 percent stayed,” he added.The study provides _____39_____ that what matters is not only the money incentives (奖励), but also how you think about them.Œ This is important to how effective they are. The evidence could have a big effect on health promotion programs in the future, according to the study.“____40_____ themselves are not all you need,” Stephanie Pronk, a health and wellness consultant (顾问) with the Aon plc corporation, told The Wall Street Journal. “It’s really important to ____41_____ the incentive design and keep people on thei r toes.”27. A. turn up B. work out C. make up D. talk about28. A. test B. campaign C. design D. strategy29. A. attempting B. threatening C. failing D. managing30. A. one B. two C. three D. four31. A. finished B. challenged C. followed D. ran32. A. calorie B. business C. study D. fitness33. A. motivated B. worried C. disappointed D. blessed34. A. emotional B. immediate C. intellectual D. mutual35. A. praised B. compared C. forced D. rewarded36. A. budgets B. opportunities C. benefits D. gifts37. A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. For example38. A. refreshed B. calm C. awake D. involved39. A. evidence B. funds C. suggestions D. aid40. A. expectations B. Outcomes C. Incentives D. Experiences41. A. adopt B. award C. change D. produce(8%)Yang Yang may very well be one of the most popular actors in China. His good looks, solider-like qualities and heartwarming smile have attracted audiences. _________42__________ Yang majored in the Department of Dance at People’s Liberation Army Arts College, a school in which students need to take part in military-style (军队风格的) practices. _____43__________ At the age of 16, he stood out with his manners and was personally handpicked to play the lead role of Jia Baoyu in TV drama A Dream of Red Mansions (红楼梦) by the director Li Shaohong.“He looks righteous (正气的) and innocent (纯真的), seemingly having no knowledge of the darkness in the world,” commented director Li Shaohong.Now this Chinese actor has taken his home country by storm after being cast as Xiao Nai in the hit TV drama A Smile Is Beautiful (微微一笑很倾城) an adaptation of the best-selling book written by Gu Man. In the show, he stars as a handsome college student doing a computer science major. Many people think Yang is the right person for the role.However, life is not always plain sailing. He has suffered many ups and downs as well. __________44___________ “At the beginning, I didn’t know how to be an actor,” he told .__________45___________ After he starred in the films The Left Ear (左耳) in 2021 and The Lost Tomb (盗墓笔记) in 2021, Yang started to gain more recognition.“So many times he felt his acting was not good enough and asked to try it again. He couldn’t be more serious,” said Alec Su, director of movie The Left Ear.Key for Issue 6461. who2. has earned3. when4. founded5. are charged6. that7. choosing8. where 9. Though 10. taken 11. To get 12. As soon as 13. can 14. without 15. Even if 16. using17—26 C ABC BC AB B AC CD D A27—30 BDBC 31—35 ADABD 36—40 CBDAC 41. C42—45 AB B D A。

2016-2017上海市上海中学2017届高三上学期英语周练试题(2)

上海中学高三英语周练1 Listening（第一部分听力）略Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the blanks, use one world that best fits each blank.(A)Exercise makes you work up an appetite, right? Not according to new research, which shows that a brisk 45-minute workout in the morning actually decreases a pers on’s desire for food. Say what?Scientists at Brigham Young University put 35 women through a vigorous morning walk on a treadmill, then measured their brain wave activity as they viewed images of food. The experiment __25__ (repeat) two days later, this time without the workout.The result: On workout days, the subject’s neural activity was __26__ (responsive) to food than non-workout days, but they are about the same amount. The results were consistent for obese and normal weight subjects, __27__ (sug gest) that the common assumption __28__ exercise makes you hungry doesn’t hold.While this is one of the first studies __29__ (measure) neural activities after exercise, scientists still need to determine how long the diminished interest in food __30__ last post-exercise.If you want to try the experiment on __31__, make sure your workout is pretty vigorous. Previous research has found that intense aerobic exercise, like jogging, may suppress (压抑) your appetite for up to three hours __32__ reducing levels of hunger hormones produced in your tummy.So the next time hunger pangs makes it hard for you to stick with your diet, try boosting the intensity of your workouts.(B)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car __33__ (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I found myself __34__ (surround) by the villagers who were arguing as to __35__ should have the have the honor of receiving me __36__ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me __37__ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away __38__ there was a garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of __39__ ended up in a dish on my table. Villagers brought me goat's cheese and bone. We drank together and talked merrily till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman __40__ the trouble I had caused there.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is your dream? What is the goal that you have set for yourself and are working to achieve? Realizing your dreams is not an easy __41__.Last fall I decided to write a new book for my publisher. Writing a book is a __42__ goal, which got off to a terrific start last October. The writing is flowing well. Then I got sick. In fact, I got ill that I needed surgery and the __43__ was long and exhausting. I did not work from the first week of November until the second week of January. By then I was nervous about meeting the April __44__ for submitting the new manuscript to my publisher.Worried, I asked my author friends for some help, and they gave me this key piece of advice, “Let’s start writing!” they all said. So I did. It was not an immediate __45__ to my depression, but after a few weeks of__46__, I got back to normal. Several people in my circle of supporters helped me make some good connections and I got the book __47__, and to the publisher on time. It was an exciting goal for me to reach, so I took my family to Hawaii as my __48__.Sometimes you __49__ your own dreams because of self-doubt, fear, or external complications. You can think of many different excuses to __50__ those dreams aside, but, if you go after your dreams, your world will become more exciting and you will begin to live a more passionate and meaningful life.So, now, take a minute to write down three goals you want to accomplish this year.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phase marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fit the context.In business, there is a speed difference: It’s the difference between how important a firm’s leaders say speed is to there competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important __51__ industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the __52__.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that __53__ at key moments to make sure they were on the right __54__, What's more, the firms that "slowed down to __55__" improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.How did they __56__ the laws of business, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought __57__ about what "slower" and "faster" mean. Firms sometimes __58__ to understand the differencebetween operation speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is __59__. They became more __60__ to idea and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. __61__, performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving __62__, stuck t o tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about __63__.Strategic speed __64__ as a kind of leadership. Teams that __65__ take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals. That kind of strategy must come from the top.51.A. according to B. regardless of C. due to D. instead of52.A. profit B. product C. speed D. method53.A. paused B. developed C. persevered D. engaged54.A. situation B. track C. occasion D. duty55.A. look on B. keep up C. hold back D. speed up56.A. learn B. discover C. disobey D. prefer57.A. strangely B. abstractly C. entirely D. differently58.A. fail B. attempt C. pretend D. desire59.A. convenient B. necessary C. emergent D. incredible60.A. alert B. restless C. open D. specific61.A. In short B. By contrast C. Above all D. All in all62.A. welfare B. technology C. efficiency D. condition63.A. qualities B. standards C. competitors D. changes64.A. serves as B. stands for C. refers to D. deals with65.A. temporarily B. extensively C. naturally D. regularlySection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talkform a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.66. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ____.A. he could litter express his ideas that wayB. he always pointed his finger at his professorC. his professor did not like his gesturingD. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking67. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.68. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?A. They can stimulate our creativity.B. Instructors should make full use of them.C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.69. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hand Motions, a Second LanguageB. Gesturing: Signal of UnderstandingC. New Uses of GesturingD. The Secret Code of Learning(B)The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.70. The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of _______.A. the drowning of the Maine coastlineB. glacier's forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water's flooding the mountain range71. From the passage, we learn that _______.A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastlineC. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island72. What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park?A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers.C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education.D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.73. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of MaineB. The formation of Maine coastlineC. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island(C)Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, i ndicates that the consequences of experiencing TV’s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians.While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to “Marcus Welby, M. D. ” —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, “Can most people be trusted?” the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose “Can’t be too careful. ”Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.We have found that violence on prime-time (黄金时段) network TV cultivates overstated (夸大的) assumption about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.74. Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?A. Distrusting people around.B. Moving into rural areas.C. Turning to the police for protection.D. Holding more elections.75. According to the passage, why did “Marcus Welby, M. D. ” receive so many letters?A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.B. Because certain TV programmers recommended him to viewers.C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.76. According to the author, _________ is mainly to blame for people’s fear of the real world.A. network TVB. social realityC. televised violenceD. individual display of violence77. We can infer from the passage that __________.A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too muchB. people learn to protect themselves from dangers after watching TV.C. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social orderD. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social order(D)Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologist two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Arch aeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot waitany longer. ”The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.78. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _____.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains79. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.80. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn't changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.你觉得在房价那么高的时候花巨资买房值得吗？(worthwhile)2.使我感动的是那个爱国运动员把他的奖金都捐献给了灾区。

上海市复旦大学附属中学2017届高三上学期周练英语试题 Word版含答案

复旦附中高三周练试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section A (10%)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given words; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.He Zhigang’s eyes pleaded with the elevator dial as he stood waiting on the ground floor.The red numbers wouldn’t budge. He glanced at his phone. The elevato r. The phone. He pushed back his helmet, lifted the delivery bag of steamed buns and prepared to run up 20 flights of stairs. The elevator doors opened. He exhaled. The hungry office worker probably won’t remember who brought him lunch on a Friday afternoo n, or(21)________ it was 11 minutes and 20 seconds before the allotted time. Maybe he’ll notice the colorful uniforms that flood Beijing streets and think of the beef noodle soup that came still too hot to eat, or the deliveryman who screeched past on an electric scooter and nearly took out his driver's side mirror.These wai mai, or take-out, drivers symbolize China’s transformation from a poor society (22)_______(dedicate) to manufacturing to a more affluent(23)________ driven by consumption.Delivery dri vers are “high risk” because they run red lights and drive(24)________traffic. They meld (融入)into the chaos of the street ,where cars make U-turns in the middle of the road, bicycles ride on sidewalks and motorcycles play chicken with oncoming traffic. Eye contact acknowledge defeat. Electric scooters like He’s (25)_________(add) to the scramble(争抢)only.The dinner crush(26)_________(start)by 6 p.m. when He walked into a west Beijing mall. He’d just passed a bag of noodles to the hand that(27)_________(emer ge) from an apartment door. Now he needed to pick up a plate of sashimi, which he’d never eaten. Lines of Japanese, Korean and Yunnan restaurants occupied the mall’s top floor, (28)_________(beg) for customers who weren’t there. Instead, red-shirted wai mai drivers poured out of the elevator. Blue shirts came from theright. Yellow took the escalators. These drivers may not benefit from China’s economic rise as much as their customers, but they’ve secured a spot in a country(29)________ opportunity comes and goes quickly.There was pride in He’s voice when he told the waiters: “I’m(30)_______deliveryman. He picked up the sushi, nodded at the other drivers, and got back on his bike. Hungry people were waiting.Section BDirection:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.On a(an)(31)_______ bullet train, a virus suddenly spreads throughout like wildfire. Will you lend a helping hand to those in need, or focus all your energy on self-preservation?Train to Busan, a South Korean zombie film which raises this question, has recently set Chinese social media aflutter. To fulfill his young daughter’s birthday wish, divorced hedge fund manager Seok-wu (Gong Yoo) takes the girl on a train from Seoul to Busan to visit her mother. Early in the journey, a scruffy-looking young woman staggers onto the train at the last second, herself(32)_______ infected by something.It doesn’t take a hardcore fan of the ge nre to predict what happens next–the dead-looking girl takes a bite out of a passing attendant, then all hell breaks(33)________. Both would-be saviors and cowardly egocentrics(以自我为中心）are among those who are able to fight their way to survive.However, unlike the traditional powerful and obliging heroes of Western zombie stories, Seok-wu, as the lead protagonist, never intends to save the day during the most part.Setting his character’s tone, the self-(34)________ man locks the door for his own safety when a pregnant woman fleeing from zombies tries to get in. He forbids his daughter to offer her seat to an elderly woman, telling her that only ones ownwell-being(35)_________ matters in extreme conditions. He also uses his contacts to try(36)_________ a way out for him and his young daughter, not considering his hundreds of fellow passengers. Even when he(37)_________ up with a dauntless(无所畏惧的) bruiser and a high school baseball player to fight the zombie hoard, the viewer can guess that his only motivation is the survival of him and his daughter.Compared with the familiar gore-fests of TV series like The Walking Dead (2010-), Train to Busan actually provides a(38)________bloody setting, instead focusing on the complexities of human behavior, rather than the senseless shedding of limbs. The zombie genre has been done to death –no pun intended –but Train to Busan largely(39)________ its success to its vivid character portrayal. For example, the central character is a workaholic father who doesn’t pay enough attention to his daughter but ends up putting his life at stake for her. We also see a selfish, middle-aged man who later reveals that his only mission is to simply reunite with his mother. Love and relationships seem to be a central theme, with a young couple proving their loyalty to one another as well as two elderly sisters who serve to represent family(40)________.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section A：Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, CandD.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.At a certain age, you may feel as if you’re still at life’s beginning yet also disturbingly close to the(41)______.You feel acutely that there’s much left to do. You were going to win an Oscar, pick up a Nobel Prize in physics and get elected president,(42)______you haven’t even gotten around to auditioning for a film, taking a university physics course or brushing up on your(43)______.It’s almost enough to make you want to live forever. But then isn’t the real goal a life hugely increased not so much in(44)______ as in width? A life during which it’s(45)_____ to pursue every one of a wide range of concurrent possibilities?It’s true, if you were immortal, that you might eventually get to be a philosopher and a cantor and an actor and a psychoanalyst and a novelist. But don’t forget: Over that vastly extended period, life would certainly not(46)_____ exposing you to still further choices. When you finally entered psychoana lytic training in 2100, you’dhave to forgo any number of other new possibilities that might at that(47)______ present themselves, such as joining an *expedition to Alpha Centauri, or learning to create art with the previously(48)______ colors recently made visible on the spectrum. You might have crossed one possibility off our list, but you’d have(49)______ three more. Hundreds of years in, you’d still feel as though you’d(50)______ moved beyond the opening stages of what life has to offer.Many activities you once loved, meanwhile, would fall out of fashion or out of reach. As an aging mortal, your knees might make it tough to run a marathon, causing you to(51)______ all the healthy racers. As(52)_______ youthful immortal, by contrast, you might remain fit to run marathons over the centuries. But perhaps the beloved urban races of your youth would have long since disappeared,(53)_______ because of impossibly hot global temperatures and the fact that future civilizations find interplanetary relays far(54)______ exciting. All of the things you once did have shelf lives. The longer you live, the more of them die, increasing the weight of the time that has flowed through your fingers.Many of us 60- and 70-somethings will remember George Burns’ quip goes: Old ag e isn’t great but it sure beats the alternative. There’s also truth to the reverse.(55)______ isn’t great, but it sure beats the alternative.41.A. end B. interval C. milestone D. next42.A. but B. otherwise C. since D. whereas43.A. academics B. diplomas C. marathons D. politics44.A. depth B. height C. length D. weight45.A. coincidence B. enough C. impracticable D. possible46.A. cease B. chase C. confess D. continue47.A. preserve B. prepare C. present D. pretend48.A. unbearable B. unconscious C. unimaginable D. unique49.A. added B. adopted C. obtained D. omitted50.A. actually B. barely C. significantly D.vaguely51.A. encourage B. energize C. envy D. exploit52.A. permanently B. personally C. potentially D. purposefully53.A. banned B. restored C. suspending D. reappearing54.A. anything but B. far more C. other than D. still less55.A. Future B. Youth C. Death D. ImmortalitySection B（A）He lived a tragically short life, but one that was full of incident. The English writer Percy Bysshe Shelley chose the wrong day to go on a sea trip: He drowned in the Gulf of Spezia near Italy, aged 29, in 1822.Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, Shelley went to the University of Oxford but did not complete his studies. He was thrown out for writing a book called the Necessity of Atheism at a time when you couldn’t talk easily about not believing in God.This radical view of the world led him to take the side of the underdogs of society. In Manchester in 1819 there was a demonstration of between 60,000 and 8000 working people. They wanted to be able to vote for members of parliament. They were cut down by the police, and many were killed or injured. To express his support for there cause. Shelley wrote a poem called The Masque of Anarchy. It closes by asking people to rise in “unvanquishable number” and reminds readers :“You are many-they are few”This calls for people to rise up-the spirit of revolution-is present in many of his poems. Perhaps his greatest poem is Ode to the West Wind. Although it seems simply to be about nature and the seasons, these actually show social struggles. It was written at a time when those struggles seemed to have been defeated. Everything seemed to be winter as far as social justice went. Nevertheless, Shelley ends the piece with an inspiring question: “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”Of the many memorable question :“If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”Of the many memorable lines Shelley wrote, these may be the most meaningful. They also perfectly expects the idealism and political commitment in his poetry.56.A. Died of an illness at a young ageB. Didn’t believe in the existence of GodC. Was a famous Romantic poet in the 18th centuryD. Called for justice because he was born into a poor family57.A. He couldn’t afford the tuition feesB. He wanted to devoted himself to writingC. His radical views reflected in his book caused him troubleD. He was an idealist and had gotten frustrated with the education there58.A. Express his support fir the UK parliamentB. Record the loss in te 1819 demonstrationC. Call on more people to rise up and fightD. Describe the poet’s belief in perfect beauty59.What can be concluded from Shelly’s poetry?A. Hes was optimistic about revolutionB. He was worried about social strugglesC. He believed that there was no absolute social justiceD. He was more interested in nature that he was in politics(B)We have been all there -when liming up at the supermarket checkout counter, the lines next to us always seem to be moving faster than the one we are standing in. Now The New York Times has put together the research of multiple scientists to give you some insights into the math and psychology of queuing. It has also offered tips on licking the fastest line no matter you’re lining up in a supermarket, a bank or anywhere else.Pick someone with a full cartUS mathematician Dan Meyer believes that a cart full of items doesn’t tell the whole story. “Every person requires a fixed amount of time is an average of 41 seconds per person. On the other hand, the time that each item takes to be rung up is only three seconds. This means if only one person ahead of you, with 50 items in the cart, the waiting time is 191 seconds. You do the math”Study the customersH ow many people are ahead of you is one thing, and who they are is another. Forexample, if they are old people-and this is not ageist-they tend to move slower and delay the checkout process . The items their carts are also important. For example, four bottles of the milk will definitely go faster than four completely different items.Choose a “serpentine line”In some place, there may just be one line leading to several checkout counts. The person at the head of line goes to next available counter. This is known as a “serpentine line”. You should always choose a serpentine line because even i f one of the cashiers is slow, it won’t hold up an entire lion.Go leftAccording to Robert Samuel, a US science writer, around 90 percent of people are right-handed, which means they tend to naturally go to the right. So heading to the opposite direction-left-will give you a better chance of finding a faster line.60.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To list the potential dangers of choosing a wrong queueB. To tell tell readers which supermarket can save the most timeC. To instruct the readers how to avoid picking the wrong queueD. To provide some tips on how to kill time when one is in the line61.A. A checkout assistant will save time if he rings up goods fsterB. Finishing a cart full of items can be limited to only 41 1secondsC. Trolleys with full loads doesn’t mean waiting for a longer time.D. Maths fails to account for the theory behind one’s waiting time62.relatively slower than the others.A. The line you choose are among the ones on the rightB. The checkout assistant have to go through the routineC. You are waiting behind a group of teenage customersD. You have chosen a serpentine line over a straight one(C)It seems that smoking isn't the popular pastime it used to be in the West, For example,figures published recently by the BBC say that the amount of smokers in England is dropping drastically each year and is now its lowest ever, with just 16.9 percent of adults still participating in the habitBut what is it that’s enticing British people to throw away the cigs and get motivated to live a smoke-free style? Each year, October is a time to quit in the UK. Beginning in 2012,“Stoptober”is an annual gov ernment-run scheme that encourages Brits to say goodbye to cigarettes. Throughout the month, a series of TV and radio ads, alongside a smart phone app and social media campaign, offer help and inspiration to those considering going smoke-free.Among the people encouraged by this year's campaign was Samantha Griffiths, 31, a criminal investigation student from Preston, England. HI stopped smoking this year after 13 years -1 used to smoke almost a whole pack a day. I was inspired by Stoptober but decided to quit early, although Tm helping a friend who wants to quit this month she says.Earlier this year, UK authorities introduced several new restrictions on tobacco in the hope of getting people to quit. The changes included a ban on packs of 10 cigarettes - sold alongside regular packs (20 cigs) as they were cheaper - as well as the requirement of a uniform design on every manufacturer's packaging."Plain packaging” rules mean that every brand must now look the same - an olive green-colored pack with a shocking health warning image on each side. The brand name is now simply plain black lettering, with logos completely banned. The green color was chosen following research commissioned ($1^) by the Australian government (which introduced plain packaging in 2012) that tasked 1,000 smokers to choose a shade that would put them off their habit. Australia and the UK also have some of the highest tobacco taxes in the world, with a pack of Marlboro costing AS26 (133 yuan) in Australia. The same product can be had for as little as 20 yuan in China.“I was spending almost 250 (2,172 yuan) a month on cigarettes before 1 quit” says Griffiths “I am saving the money I would have spent to take my young daughter to Disneyland Pins next year.” So if you’re a smoker, why not join the Brits in trying to quit this month? You may not save enough to get toPairs, but fortunately China has a Disneyland of its own.63.Which of the following statement about stoptober is false?A.It is an official organization administered by the UK authorities.B.It contributes to the decrease in the number of smokers in the UK.C.It encourage people to stop smoking through a variety of channels.D.It inspired Samantha Griffiths to give up smoking from his October.64.Which of the following measures have the UK authorities adopted to control the amount of smokers?A.Those who quit smoking were granted a free trip to Paris Disneyland.B.A tax as heavy as that in Australia was imposed on a tobacco products.C.The use of green color is totally forbidden in the packing of cigarettes.D.Regular-sized cigarette were not permitted to be sold throughout the UK.65.According to the “plain packing” rules conducted in the UK ,what’s not printed on its cigarette packing?A.warning imageB.brand nameC.brand logoD.price tag66.Which of the following can best explain the last sentence “fortunately China hasa Disneyland of its own.”A.Patriotic China citizens will visit their own Disneyland rather than go abroad.B.In China, the expense spared from quitting smoking can ill afford a trip to Pairs.C.The strict no-smoking policy is gladly being implemented in China’s Disneyland.D.Tourists are entitled to purchasing less expensive cigarettes in China’s Disneyland.A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that yourfriend was a musician. (67)___________________Self-employment, contract or freelance work, temporary jobs - just about anything that isn't full-time - can be described as a gig.The rise of the "gig economy" came along with the evolution of on-demand or as-needed hiring. Digital ordering, stock management, sales, andexpense programs have made large teams of full-time staff a thing of past with some companies taking on temporary workers as and when they need them.(68)_____________________For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of entrepreneurship because that's all that was available.(69)___________________.However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy with their new roles with the hourly pay may be better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work-hour flexibility that’s perfect for their family or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.They said,however,Self-employment isn't for everyone. (70)_______ they're not self-starters or can't identify gig opportunities and follow through. Gigs are also not likely to provide traditional benefits such as subsidized healthcare insurance,and aren’t likely to come with retirement plans,although this m ay not be an issue for those with a well-developed financial discipline.Yes,the inconsistency of gigs can be scary.But,really,who doesn’t like an adventure?Summary writingYou are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake （卡路里摄入量）has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, culture —namely Asians’ hospitality （好客）—is a reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions. “In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say ,the children are being spoiled by their parents is another cause of chil dren’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past , people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them ,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship bet ween fatness and indoor play. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat.Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watchi ng TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” says Chwang.Translation1.用不了多久，印度的人口将达到14亿并赶超中国。

上海市上海中学2017-2018学年高一上学期周练英语试题含答案

上海中学2017—2018学年第一学期高一英语试题Choice21.The impact__________high technology draws worldwide attention.A.onB.to C。

of D.in22.________________,the more expansive gestures you should employ when you deliver a speech.A.The more audience there isB.The more the audience areC.As much audience as there isD.The larger the audience is23.John is really an independent boy and he tries his best to settle every problem_______.A.of his own B。

by his own C,for his own D。

on his own24.The queen，__________an old woman，made a poisonous apple and came to the cottage to tempt Snow White to eat it.A，dressed in B.who was dressing like C。

dressed like D。

who had clothes on as25.It is reported that __________schools in the west of China are improving their study environment。

A.a great many of B。

the large number ofB. C.a great amount of D.a large number of26.Do you really mean_________a basketball player？Do you know that training to be a basketball player means_____________at least eight hours every day?A。

2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)

2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题(一)上海中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how theychanged over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of theworld and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America,China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle isused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.forwhich we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict”to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit.The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) usebut is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because weexperience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business.Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like each other more. The trickhere is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore withoutoffending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies wantto54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to eachother. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41. A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D.productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passageyou have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However,I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terriblyinterested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent.Remarkable. This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarel ydid my thoughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs thatnight, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D.anxious57.How can this philosophy change the way we liveour lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too much tofollow 59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data toprove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men andwomen influence men.However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD. available61.Jack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day onsocial media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?A. A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B. A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C. A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD. A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push forgroundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome.Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however –many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality(how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data– Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge.Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body ofknowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be truemakes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves havebeen unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and think ofthem as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitudeboth for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if the childknows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about thefriends’ parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be bothas parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized howmuchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind anunreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。

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上海中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28 toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business. Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like each other or they don’t.You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a 49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to 54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them.I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable.This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did my thoughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D. anxious57.How can this philosophy change the way we live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too much to follow59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men. However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD. available61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90 minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however –many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables (排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body of knowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be true makesimpossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have beenunsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and think of themas disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both forthe child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if the child knowsthem to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about the friends’parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how muchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。