PEC材料工程英语证书考试-复合材料词汇
PEC土木工程英语证书考试-施工专业术语大全
PEC土木工程英语证书考试-施工专业术语大全试件sample；test coupon；test piece试件材料material for test试件个数number of test-pieces试块coupon；test block试孔prospect hole；test well龄期age；instar；stadium龄期强度关系age strength relation混凝土坝concrete dam；concrete weir混凝土拌和设备concrete mixing plant混凝土保护层concrete cover混凝土板桩concrete sheet-piling混凝土拌合料concrete mix混凝土泵concrete pump；pumpcrete machine混凝土泵送concrete pumping混凝土标号concrete grade混凝土标准立方体standard cube of concrete 混凝土表面光洁度concrete finish混凝土表面振捣vibrating concrete float混凝土剥落concrete scaling混凝土掺合料concrete additive；concrete admixture混凝土层段lift line混凝土层concrete layer；layer of concrete混凝土厂concrete plant；ready-mix plant混凝土成分concrete composition；concrete ingredient；constituents of concrete；ingredients of concrete混凝土稠度concrete consistence混凝土稠度试验consistency test of concrete 混凝土处理treating with concrete混凝土大块体concrete monolith混凝土当量concrete equivalence混凝土挡墙concrete guard wall混凝土导墙concrete guide wall混凝土捣实器concrete vibrator混凝土捣碎机concrete breaker混凝土的钢筋腐蚀损坏steel corrosion damage of concrete 混凝土的加速养护accelerated curing of concrete混凝土的泵送性能pumpability of concrete混凝土的搅拌mixing of concrete混凝土的配合proportioning of concrete混凝土的收缩shrinkage of concrete混凝土的熟化maturing of concrete混凝土的可浇置性concrete placeability混凝土的怜性fluidity of concrete混凝土的机械加工mechanical tooling of concrete混凝土的分批拌合量batch of concrete混凝土导管tremie混凝土当量concrete equivalence混凝土带输送灌注塔concrete belt placing tower混凝土充填管柱concrete-filled tube column混凝土沉箱concrete caisson混凝土衬砌concrete lining混凝土板concrete slab混凝土板护坡concrete slab revetment混凝土板桩防波堤concrete sheetpile breakwater混凝土鞍座concrete saddle钢筋bar reinforcement；concrete iron；concrete reinforced bar；concrete reinforcement bar；concrete reinforcing bars；iron reinforcement；rebar；reinforced bar；reinforcement；reinforcement bar；reinforcement metal；reinforcing bar；reinforcing iron；reinforcing steel；reinforcing steel reinforcement；steel bar；steel reinforcement钢筋百分比percentage reinforcement；steel ratio钢筋百分率percentage of reinforcement；steel ratio钢筋保护层cover；cover to reinforcement钢筋搭接mutual anchorage钢筋的断配和弯曲cutting and bending of reinforcement钢筋调直bar straightening；straightening of bars钢筋调直机bar straightener；reinforcement bar straightening machine 钢筋调直切断机reinforcing steel adjusting cutter钢筋腐蚀reinforcement corrosion钢筋工作reinforcing work钢筋构成bar formation钢筋构架reinforcement frame钢筋骨构架焊接机reinforcing cage welding machine 钢筋骨架cage of reinforcement；framework of steel reinforcement；reinforcement cage钢筋规格bar gauge钢筋棍reinforcing rod；steel reinforcing rod钢筋和混凝土的共同酌mutual action of steel and concrete 钢筋横截面bar cross section钢筋混凝土armored concrete；armoured concrete；ferroconcrete；iron concrete；reinforced concrete；steel concrete钢筋混凝土坝reinforced concrete dam钢筋混凝土板armored concrete slab；armoured concrete slab；reinforced concrete slab钢筋混凝土工程reinforced concrete works钢筋混凝土构件reinforced concrete member钢筋混凝土构架reinforced concrete frame；reinforced concrete framework钢筋混凝土构件厂casting plant钢筋混凝土骨料aggregate for reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土骨架reinforced concrete skeleton frame 钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋混凝土管concrete reinforced pipe；reinforced concrete pipe (RCP)钢筋混凝土轨枕reinforced concrete sleeper；steel concrete sleeper钢筋混凝土合成梁steel concrete composite girder钢筋混凝土弧形闸门reinforced concrete radial gate钢筋混凝土基础reinforced concrete foundation钢筋混凝土剪力墙reinforced concrete shear wall钢筋混凝土建筑reinforced concrete construction钢筋混凝土建筑物concrete steel building钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure；reinforced framing钢筋混凝土结构规范code for reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土井架concrete headframe钢筋混凝土空心板reinforced concrete hollow slab钢筋混凝土块结构reinforced concrete block construction 钢筋混凝土框架结构reinforced concrete frame structure钢筋混凝土拉杆reinforced concrete tie rod模板casting box；DNA；DNA templateDNA；follow board；form；form board；formwork；match board；match plate；mother plate；mould；moulding board；mounted pattern；mplate；pattern plate；shuttering；stencil；template；templet；templete模板安全性formwork safety模板保温form insulation模板比较template matching模板表面加工surface finish from formwork 模板工form fixer；form setter模板工作shuttering work模板骨架form cage模板胶合板form plywood模板接缝form joint模板拉杆form tie；formwork tie模板拉条form brace模板涂油form coatig；form coating模板支撑form bracing；form hanger；formwork supports 模板支架falsework模板支柱stud模板支撑装配form-tie assembly卷扬机drawing machine；hoist；hoisting machine；winch；windlass卷扬机卷筒lifting drum卷扬绳hoist rope；lift rope卷杨能力hoisting capacity凿岩机blast hole drill；bore hammer；drifting machine；drill carriage；drill hammer；drill jumbo；gadder；hammer drill；hammerdrill；jack drill；jack hammer；jackdrill；jackhammer；percussion borer；plugger；quarrying machine；rock boring machine；rock drilling machine 凿岩机司机drill runner测量admeasurement；gaging；measuration；measure；measurement；measurement；measuring；measuring out；mensuration；meterage；metering；survey；surveying；taking off测量比较仪measuring comparator测量比例尺survey scale测量臂gage beam测量变换器measurement translator测量变换器测量传感器measuring transducer测量标surveying marker测量标尺surveying rod；surveyor's rod测量标杆overcasting staff；surveyor's pole；surveyor's rod测量标记survey mark测量标石survey monument测量标志survey beacon；survey marker测量标桩measuring plug测量标准误standard error of measurement 测量补偿器measuring compensator测量不确定度uncertainty of measurement 测量不确定性measuring uncertainty测量长度gage length经纬仪altazimuth；altometer；theodolite；transit；transit instrument水准仪balance level；bubble level；gradienter；level；level gauge；level instrument；levelling box；levelling instrument；sight level；surveyor's level水准仪三脚架levelling tripod水准原点basic levelling origin；leveling origin水准仪常数level constant水准仪调节器level compensator水准仪管level tube水准原点basic levelling origin；leveling origin水准指示器stage indicator；water level indicator；water-level indicator钢结构steel construction；steel structure；steel work；steelwork钢结构安装工steel erector钢结构防火包壳encased steelwork for fireproofing；encasing steelwork for fire protection 钢结构工程steel structure work；structural steelwork基础布置图foundation arrangement drawing基础anlage；base；basis；bottom；foot；footing；foundation；fundament；grassroots；ground；infrastructure；rudiment；substructure；underpinning；understructure基础沉降foundation settlement；yielding of foundation基础底基foundation ground基础底面bottom of foundation；foundation bed基础底板foundation mat；foundation slab；sole plate基础底座sole plate基础地层学prestratigraphy基础工程foundation work基础类别base class基础结构base structure；foundation architecture 基础框架foundation framework 主体case；key body；main block；main body；main bulk；main part主体工程main work主体结构major structure主体框架main body frame图纸blueprint；drawing；drawing paper；drawing sheet；working drawing图纸名称designation of drawing；title of drawing图纸编号drawing number；图纸更改通知drawing change notice 图纸设计blue print；drawing design；layout design图纸资料information and drawing 图纸校正revision of map变更alteration；change；variation变更合同variation on contract变更记录change record变更通知field order施工construct；construction；execution；execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing 施工办公室building office施工便道pioneer road施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure；construction steps施工材料费用cost of construction materials施工测量construction survey施工场地construction plant施工程序construction program；construction sequence；execution programme for works 施工程序表construction schedule施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位builder；construction organization施工道路builder's road；construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction corps；construction team施工方法construction methods；job practice；job practices施工方式form of construction work 施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint；constuction joint施工工程construction work；construction works施工工程师construction engineer；operating engineer施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工管理construction management；construction practice；construction supervision；execution control施工规程construction regulations施工规模scope of construction item；size of construction施工过程work progress施工合同construction contract施工荷载construction loads；working load施工机械building machinery；construction equipment；construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant 施工机械化mechanization of building operation；mechanization of construction施工基面formation level施工计划construction plan；construction program(me)施工计划图execution scheme drawing施工监督monitoring；supervision；supervision of construction；supervision of works施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工建议书construction recommendations施工阶段construction phase；construction stage施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction；schedule of operations；work-schedule 施工进度计划detailed construction schedule 施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist；builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工坑道construction adit施工流水作业法construction streamline method 施工面积floor space under construction 施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工企业construction enterprises施工起重机construction hoist施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工人员builder；constructor施工人员升降机personnel job hoist施工日志builder's diary施工容许误差construction tolerances；constuction fits施工设备construction equipment；plant for construction施工设计detailed engineering；tail design；working design施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general description of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工台架builder's staging质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure 质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual 质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard 质量保证制度quality certification system质量变坏debase质量标准quality level；quality specification；quality specifications；quality standard螺栓bolt；gudgeon；screw bolt；threaded bolt螺栓柄grip of bolt螺栓端bolt end螺栓杆bolt shank；shank of bolt螺栓杆bolt shank；shank of bolt螺栓钢料bolt stock螺栓固定bolting螺栓和螺母screw bolt and nut螺栓挤压bolt shank extruding螺栓间距pitch of bolts螺栓紧固bolt-on；bolt-up螺栓孔bolt hole；holes for screw螺栓孔数量number of bolt hole螺栓孔直径diameter of bolt hole螺栓连接bolt connection；bolt fastening；bolt joint；bolted connection；bolting；pin connection螺栓直径diameter of bolt螺栓中心圆直径diameter of centre hole in bolts 螺栓有效长度grip吊车crane；crane truck；derrick truck；hoisting machine；sling van；suspended ceiling吊车臂arm of crane；crane boom；gib arm of crane吊车吊架crane link吊车钢轨steel beam for crane吊车钢丝绳crane rope吊车轨crane rail吊车过头防止装置hoist over-wind device吊车梁crane (runway) girder开窗装置windowing facility平台deck；flat；flatbase；flatform；floor；gallery；level table；plain stage；platform；surface plate；table；terrace平台式框架结构platform frame construction 罐jar；kettle；pot；tank罐底tank bottoms电站electric station；generating plant；power plant；power station电站布置layout of power station电站厂房上部结构power-house superstructure电站厂房下部结构power-house substructure电站地上部分power-house superstructure block 电站地下部分power-house substructure block电站锅炉station boiler；utility boiler电站汽轮机power station steam turbine；steam-turbine for power plant电站设备power station equipment电站输水道plant waterway电站位置plant location电站装机容量installed capacity of power station；installed plant capacity污水处理厂sewage treatment works污水处理场sewage disposal plant；sewage farm；sewage thertment plant；waste water treatment污水处理系统sewage disposal system；sewage treatment system污水处理装置sewage-treatment plant污水净化池sewage purificer污水滤池sewage；sewerage filter污水量配池dosing chamber；dosing tank污水渗井leaching cesspool；pervious cesspool循环水系统circulating water system；circulation烟囱chimney；chimney flue；chimney stack；funnel；heating tube；shaft；smoke pipe；smoke stack；stack；stovepipe烟囱标志funnel mark烟囱标志灯funnel light烟囱抽风chimney draught；chimney ventilation；stack draught烟囱抽气罩chimney aspirator烟囱出灰门soot door of chimney烟囱调节风门funnel damper烟囱顶部chimney top；chimneyhead烟囱顶盖chimney pot烟囱顶罩funnel apron；funnel bonnet；funnel cap；funnel umbrella烟囱泛水chimney flashing烟囱废气stack gas烟囱风挡chimney damper烟囱风帽chimney cap；chimney cowl烟囱风门chimney damper；damper of chimney烟囱盖funnel cover烟囱高度chimney height；stack height烟囱隔板withe；wythes烟囱基座funnel base烟囱截面stack cross section烟囱连接段connected stack烟囱内衬chimney lining；flue lining烟囱排放smoke stack emission烟囱漆funnel paint烟囱身chimney shaft烟囱头smoke stack head化学水处理chemical water treatment沥青混凝土asphalt concrete；bituminous concrete沥青冷底子油asphalt primer；asphaltic base oil；bituminous primer；bituminous priming solution沥青块asphalt blocks沥青卷材屋面asphalt prepared roofing；asphalt roll roofing；bitumen felt roofing沥青结合层asphalt binder course；asphalt intermediate course；bituminous binder course沥青绝缘bitumen insulation沥青混凝土路面asphalt concrete pavement沥青锅asphalt heating pot沥青防潮层asphalt damp-proof course；bitumen damp-proof course沥青薄膜防水asphalt membrane water-proofing 沥青拌和装置bituminous mixing plant沥青asphalt；asphalt(um)；asphaltum；bitum；bitumen；mineral pitch；pitch；tar沥青拌合料压成的路面road mix surface沥青比值bitummen ratio油漆coating compound；oil paint；oil varnish；paint油漆工程painter's work抹灰plastering；rendering；troweling抹灰凹圆角plaster cove抹灰板条firring；furring；lath；rendering lath；single lath抹灰爆裂blowing of plaster抹灰层floated coat抹灰打底key rendering；pricking up；rendering抹灰的底层key floating抹灰的墙plastered wall抹灰底层key for plaster；plaster base；primary coat；rendering coat抹灰顶棚plastered ceiling抹灰格间floating bay抹灰工灰板plasterer's hawk抹灰工抹子plasterer's float抹灰工手锤lath hammer抹灰刮板wet screed抹灰厚度depth of plastering；thickness of plastering 抹灰护角条plaster bead；plaster head；plaster staff抹灰灰浆rendering mortar抹灰基层plaster base抹灰基层修整dubbing out抹灰空鼓gaul抹灰麻刀plasterer's hair抹灰面层finish coat of plaster；finish plaster；plaster skin coat；setting coat抹灰面疵病plastering defect抹灰面发裂crazing of plaster抹灰面刮尺floating rule抹灰泥刀plasterer's trowel抹灰腻子plasterer's putty抹灰平顶flat plaster ceiling抹灰砂plastering sand；rendering sand抹灰饰面floated finish抹灰天花板plaster ceiling panel；plaster ceiling slab抹灰托板hawk抹灰脱层addling抹灰线脚plaster moulding 抹灰压光面hard finish；putty coat；trowel finish in plastering 抹灰用钢丝网steel lathing抹灰用毛发plasterer's hair抹灰找准木条plaster grounds抹灰罩面层set；setting coat；skimming coat抹灰准尺nning rule抹灰准木plaster ground抹灰准条running screed；screed抹灰子float砖厂brick field；brickyard砖工bricklaying；brickwork砖过梁brick beam砖拱brick arch砖地面brick flooring砖壁brick wall砖衬brick lining；bricking；brick-set；lining防火砖fire proofing tile空心砖air brick；cavity brick；cell brick；holbrick；hollow block；hollow brick；hollow tile空心砖楼板构造hollow tile floor construction空心桩hollow pile焊接点pad；point of weld；soldering point；weld；wiped joint焊接方法welding method；welding process焊接钢结构welded steel structure焊接附件welded attachment焊接符号welding symbol焊接方向direction of welding；welding direction焊接方位direction of welding焊接板材的准备preparation of plates for welding 焊接变形welding deformations；welding distortion焊接部分welding portion焊接部件welding assembly；welding sub assembly焊接部位welding position 焊接残余变形welding residual deformation焊接残余应变residual strain by welding焊接残余应力residual stress by welding；welding residual stress焊接衬垫welding backing焊接程序welding procedure；welding procedure specification；welding sequence焊接程序评定welding procedure qualification 焊接的超声检验ultrasonic examination of welds 焊接的结构welded structure焊道bead；weld bead焊道裂纹bead crack焊道间未熔合incomplete inter-run fusion；inter-bead lack of fusion焊道隆起humping bead焊道弯曲试验Lehigh bead bend test焊点spot weld焊段长度length of increment焊缝bead；weld；weld bead；weld joint；welded joint；welded seam；welding seam焊缝背垫weld back-up焊缝背面back of weld焊缝边界toe of the weld焊缝边裂纹toe crack焊缝编号welding seam No焊缝表面face of weld；surface of weld；weld surface；zone of weld焊缝表面边缘weld edge焊缝波纹ripple；weld ripple焊缝成形appearance of weld；formation of weld焊缝长度fusion length；length of weld；weld length；welding bead length焊缝尺寸不对incorrect weld size焊缝处退火seam annealing焊缝对口错边量unfitness of butt weld焊缝反面加强weld root reinforcement焊缝反面坡口backing groove of weld焊缝高度weld bead height焊缝合格weld is accepted焊缝厚度actual weld-throat thick-ness；throat depth；throat thickness；weld thickness；weld throat；weld-throat thickness depth 焊缝加厚reinforcement of weld焊缝记号weld mark焊缝根部边缘root edge焊缝根部钝边root face of weld；shoulder of weld焊缝根部间隙root gap of weld；root opening of weld；weld root opening gap水气供热系统water air heating system水水加热器water to water heater水水系统water to water system水坝dam；weir水坝式发电站dam type power plant水坝排水闸dam outlet水坝取水口dam intake水泵compressed water pump；water pump；water pump水泵出水管water pump outlet pipe水泵房pump house；water pump house水泥拌合机cement mixer水泥标号cement grade；cement mark；fineness of cement；grade of cement水泥饼pat of cement水泥薄浆灌入injection of grout水泥厂cement mill；cement plant水泥成品finished cement水泥冲筋cement screed水泥袋bag of cement水泥地面cement floor；cement flooring；cement mortar flooring水泥钉cement nail；concrete nail；masonry nail水泥缝cement (cemented) joint；cement joint水泥工业cement industry水泥含量高的混凝土rich concrete水泥花砖cement tile水泥缓凝剂cement retarder水泥混凝土cement concrete水泥活性activity of cement水泥基粘结剂cement based adhesive水泥及土混合料soil cement 水泥计量器cement batcher水泥浆cement grout；cement paste；cement slurry；grout水泥浆灌法cement injection；cementation method 水泥浆刷面cement wash水泥浆涂料cement paint；cement-water paint 水泥浆找平cement screed；cement screeding水泥桨liquid cement水泥胶cement gel水泥胶结cement bond；cementing水泥焦渣cement cinder水泥焦渣预制块cement cinder block 砂浆mortar；sand pulp砂浆拌和机mortar mill砂浆标号grade of mortar；mortar grade砂浆衬里mortar lining砂浆垫层mortar bed砂浆钩缝mortar-calked joint 砂浆骨料mortar aggregate砂浆集料结合力mortar-aggregate bond (strength) 砂浆配合比mortar mix ratio砂浆铺砌mortar paving；paving with mortar砂浆砌砖brick laid with mortar砂浆强度mortar strength砂浆试块试验mortar-cube test砂浆养生curing of the mortar砂浆找平mortar levelling砂坑sand pit砂砾grail；granule；gravel；grit；gritting material；shingle砂粒sand grain；sand grains砂粒分析mechanical analysis of sand砂粒级配sand-grading预制precut；prefabricate；prefabricatel；prefabrication；preforming预制安装建筑prefabricated building预制板block；precast slab预制板材prefabricated panels预制板材施工法panel construction预制板楼盖precast slab floor预制板式房屋panel-type house；precast panel house预制板式结构precast-slab-type construction 返工do poorly done work over again 返工成本rework cost返工单位数reworked units返工和浪费rejection and waste返工损失率rate of rework losses操作人员attending personnel；operating personnel；operating staff；operation crews操作人员控制台operator's console操作人员误差personal error操作室cab；control room；manipulator cell操作事故operation accident；operation exception操作手册operation manual；workbook一次X射线primary X-ray合格accept；acceptability；acceptable；acceptance；all correct；conformity；合格标记proofmark合格不合格判别GO/NO judgement合格板on-gauge plate合格部分sound part合格操作工qualified operator合格产品目录qualified products list (QPL) 合格的acceptable；eligible；qualified合格的燃料proper fuel合格的人qualifier合格地下泵certified submersible sump 合格防火线certified fire lane合格分数passing score合格焊工qualification welder合格混凝土块grade block合格或不合格acceptance or rejection合格极限acceptance limit合格检查qualification test合格检验人competent surveyor 合格考试qualification test合格可靠性水平acceptable reliability level 合格粒度release mesh合格梁grade beam合格率percent of pass合格品acceptable end-product；quality part合格缺陷标准acceptable defect level合格设备proved apparatus；qualified apparatus合格试验qualification test合格条件acceptance condition合格土粒certified soil particle合格系数acceptance coefficient合格性qualification合格性检验approval test合格压条法certified marcottage合格油correct oil；corrected oil合格原料acceptable material合格证明conformity certificate合格证书certificate of qualification 合格值acceptance value合格指示器accepted indicator合格质量标准acceptable quality level (AQL) 合格质量水平acceptable quality level合格自动焊工qualification welding operator 通过approve；gate through；get by；get through；go in (on)；go-by；got by；pass；passage；plying；sift through；thread through；through；through the medium of通过测试pass test通过初审short-list进行测验test for进行carry through；line feed；make time；proceed；run进行连续取样run continuous samples进行实验experiment on；experimentize管道安装pipe installation；piping erection管道安装工pipe erecter；pipelayer管道安装图isometrics；piping erection drawing 管道保护pipe protection管道保温pipe insulation；pipe lagging；piping insulation管道泵inline pump管道泵站pipe-line pumping station 管道标称尺寸size of pipe and tubing管道布置piping layout；tube arrangemen管道布置图piping diagram管道材料pipeline material管道操作符pipe operator管道尺寸line size防腐antisepsis；antisepticise；antisepticize；asepsis；imbalm；mitigate corrosion；moth balling；防腐材料antiseptics防腐层anticorrosive coating；erosion resistant coating 防腐衬里anticorrosive lining；resistant lining防腐处理anti-corrosive treatment；antiseptic treatment；embalmment；preservative treatment防腐处理过的木桩treated pile防腐处理木材preservative-treated timber防腐的antiputrefactive；antiputrescent；antiseptic；antiseptic(al)；corrosion proof；corrosion resistant；rotproof防腐地面chemical proof floor防腐电杆treated wood pole防腐电缆anti-corrosion cable防腐法preservative process防腐工序preservative process防腐合金覆层木材kalamein sheathing防腐化合物corrosion preventive compound 防腐技术aseptic technic；aseptic technique防腐剂anticorrodant；anticorrosive agent；anticorrosive compound；antiseptic；antiseptic agent；antiseptic substance；antiseptical agent；antiseptics；aseptic；conserving agent；corrosion inhibitor；corrosion remover；preservative；preservative agent防腐配料antirust composition防腐漆anti-decaying paint；anti-fouling paint防腐条件aseptic condition防腐涂料anticorrosive paint；anti-corrosive paint防腐涂饰anticorrosive coating防腐要求requirement for anticorrosion 防腐油漆anti-corrosive paint；antifouling paint防腐作用preservation保温heat insulation；insulation work；lagging；thermal retardation保温板heated board保温材料heat insulating material；heat insulator；thermal insulating material 保温层insulating layer；insulation course保温层找坡insulation to falls保温衬里insulating lining保温工作heat insulation work保温管道utilidor保温管insulating tube保温炉die casting furnace；holding furnace；maintaining furnace保温内衬insulating lining保温木模板insulating form board 保温砖insulating brick保温毡insulation quilt保温性能heat-insulating property 烘干机dryer；drying apparatus；drying machine；warm air drier烘干器drying apparatus烘干砂baked sand烘干土oven-dried soil急救室first aid room急救站dressing station；first-aid station中心center；centrality；centre；centricity；centrum；epicenter；foco；heart中心板center plate 中心标度centre scale中心标记centre mark中心播送室main studio试验报告test report (TR)试验报告编号test report No试验标准test criteria；test norm试验步骤test procedure试验部分test portion试验部门testing department试验材料experimental material；test material试验参数test parameters试验厂trial plant试验厂规模pilot plant scale试验场experimental area；proof ground；proving ground；test site；testing field；testing ground；trial ground试验场地test site试验场设施proving-ground facilities 试验池test tank；testing tank试验次数。
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-有机材料处理词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-有机材料处理词汇T erm ExplanationActinomycetes:Any of a group of generally low-oxygen–utilizing bacteria identified by a branching growth pattern that result in large threadlike structures. Many speciesoccur in soil and are harmless to animals and higher plants.Adjuvant:An ingredient that improves the properties of a formulation to which it has been added.Aerate/aeration:To supply with air or expose to the circulation of air: aerate soil or soil aeration.Forced aeration refers to the use of blowers in a compost pile.Aerobic:To be "with oxygen."Life or biological processes that can occur only in the presence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria.Agricultural material:Material of plant or animal origin, which result from the production and processing of farm, ranch agricultural, horticultural, aquacultural, silvicultural, floricultural, vermicultural, or viticultural products, including manures, orchard and vineyard prunings, and crop residues.Anaerobic:To be "without oxygen." A biological process occurring in the absence of oxygen, marked by a foul odor. These odors may include acetic acid, butyric acid, orputrescine.Arthropod: (Greek--joint foot) Any of numerous invertebrate animals of the phylum (family) Arthropoda, including the insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods, that are characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs.Ash:The residue that remains after a solid waste has burned. Also referred to as bottom ash and fly ash.Bacteria:Microscopic single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus. They are structured as either rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or spiral-shaped. They can be aerobic oranaerobic, or facultative anaerobic.Backyard composting:The on-site process (typically small scale) where the biological decomposition of organic materials such as leaves, grass clippings, brush, and food scraps is processed into a soil amendment.Beetle mites:(Acari)Heavily armored fungus- and needle-eaters.Best management practices:The most effective and practicable method of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by pollution sources. Often abbreviated as BMPs.Bioaerosols:Airborne particles of biological origin including bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts, pollens, and organic matter.Bioassay:Appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard.Biodiversity:The variability among living organisms on Earth, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems.Biofiltration:The harnessing of natural processes for volatile organic compounds (VOC) and odor control. Example: an air stream is passed through a biofiltercontaining microorganisms, which metabolize the VOCs, turning them into carbondioxide and water.Bioremediation:The use of plants or microorganisms to clean up contamination and pollution or to solve other environmental problems, and return the environment to its originalcondition.Biosolids:The nutrient-rich organic byproduct material resulting from the treatment of sewage sludge and wastewater.CAFO:Combined animal feeding operation (CAFO). Animal feeding operations (AFOs) are livestock-raising operations, such as hog, cattle and poultry farms, whichconfine and concentrate animal populations and their wastes. CAFO is the largestcategory of AFO with greater than 1,000 "animal units" and is a significantcontributor to the pollution of waters in the U.S.Casing layer:A moist layer of peat moss mixed with a small amount of calcium carbonate that growers apply over mycelium to retain moisture and provide a growing surface formushrooms.Catchment:a) A catching or collecting of water, especially rainwater, b) A structure, such as a basin or reservoir, used for collecting or draining water, c) The amount of watercollected in such structure, d) A catchment area.Cellobiose:A disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase. Formula: C12H22O11Cellulase:Any enzyme that converts cellulose to the disaccharide cellobiose.Cellulose:The main substance in the cell walls of plants, which is used in making paper, artificial fibers, and plastics.Chitin, (pronounced ktin):Main component of the cell walls of arthropods, found in the outer skeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates.CNMP:Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan is a conservation plan that is unique to animal feeding operations and which incorporates environmental practices to utilizeanimal manure and organic by-products as a beneficial resource to ensure that bothproduction and natural resource protection goals are achieved.Co-composting:The process of blending biosolids with manure or other green waste materials to produce compost. Co-composting includes both the active and curing phases of thecomposting process.Compaction:In soil, compaction occurs when weight of grazing animals/livestock or heavymachinery compresses the soil. The soil then is less able to absorb water.Compost:The product resulting from the decomposition of organic material. Material used to make compost includes landscape trimmings, agricultural crop residues, paper pulp,food scrap, wood chips, manure, and biosolids. These are typically referred to asfeedstock.Composting:The biological decomposition process of organic materials such as leaves, garden waste, coffee grounds, grass clippings, brush, and food waste into a soilamendment.Construction and demolition waste:Waste from building materials such as rubble, lumber, wire, sheet metal, and miscellaneous metal parts.Conversion technology:Term used for the technologies that convert unwanted organic materials into high-value products such as energy, alternative fuels, solvents, and other products.Cover crop:A crop, such as clover, planted between periods of regular crop production to control weeds, prevent soil erosion, and provide humus or nitrogen to the soil.Crown:The junction of root and stem, usually at the level of the ground.Decomposer:An organism that feeds on and breaks down organic materials into simpler chemical compounds.Decomposition:The process by which organic materials chemically break down into simpler compounds.Dewatering:Removal of water from solid waste and sludge via mechanical or thermal means.Disaccharide:Any of a class of sugars, such as maltose, lactose, and sucrose, having two linked monosaccharide units per molecule.Ecosystem:All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment.Exoskeleton:An external supportive covering of an animal such as a crab or insect (as an arthropod).Feedstock:The raw material used for chemical or biological processes. For example, feedstock used for making compost could include grass clippings, leaves, food scraps, planttrimmings, straw, and animal bedding.Foliage:The leaves of plants or trees.Food material:Material acquired for animal or human consumption, is separated from the municipal solid waste stream, and does not meet the definition of “agriculturalmaterial.”Food scraps:All excess food, including surplus, spoiled, or unsold food such as vegetables and culls (lower quality vegetables or trimmings such as onion peels or carrot tops), aswell as plate scrapings. Food scraps also are commonly called food remnants, foodresiduals, or food waste.Food waste:Refers to all surplus food scraps. The term has fallen out of favor with somecomposters, who prefer to view this material as a resource rather than as wastematerial. However, this term is interchangeable with food scraps.Food Web:The totality of interacting food chains within an ecosystem.Fulvic acid:A yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions.Fungi:Saprophytic and parasitic plants that lack chlorophyll and inc lude molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, and mushrooms.Grasscycling:The natural recycling of grass by leaving clippings on the lawn when mowing.Grass clippings will quickly decompose, returning valuable nutrients to the soil.Green material:Green material includes, but is not limited to, yard trimmings, untreated wood wastes, natural fiber products, and construction and demolition wood waste. Greenmaterial does not include food material, biosolids, mixed solid waste, materialprocesses from commingled collection, wood containing lead-based paint or woodpreservative, and mixed construction or mixed demolition debris.Green waste:A term used to refer to urban landscape waste generally consisting of leaves, grass clippings, weeds, yard trimmings, wood waste, branches and stumps, home gardenresidues, and other miscellaneous organic materials.Hazardous Waste:This includes radioactive substances, toxic chemicals, explosives, biological waste(e.g. from hospitals), and flammable waste.Heavy Metals:A commonly hazardous waste that can damage organisms at low concentrations, including cadmium, mercury, and lead, and which can be found in the waste streamin batteries, televisions, paints, and ink.Homopteran:Any of an order or suborder of insects (as cicadas, aphids, and scale insects) that have sucking mouthparts, able to pierce plant tissue and suck liquid out.Humic Acid:Any of various organic acids obtained from humus.Humus:The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter.Hydrolysis:A catch-all term for any reaction in which the water molecule is split.Hyphae:The plural of hypha, which is any of the filaments that constitute the body (mycelium) of a fungus.Industrial sludge:Sludge from factories, manufacturing facilities, and refineries. This type does not include any subtypes. For example, this type includes paper pulp sludge and watertreatment filter cake sludge.Inoculate:To implant microorganisms onto or into a culture medium.Inorganic matter:Refers to non-living source such as rocks, minerals or sand, of nonbiological origin.Integrated pest management (IPM):Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices,and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicatesthey are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments are made withthe goal of removing only the target organism.Invertebrate:An organism lacking a spinal column.Laminarinase:A polysaccharide that is found in various brown algae and yields only glucose on hydrolysis.Leachate:A water that has percolated through a solid waste, such as a landfill.Leftovers:In terms of food scraps or food waste, may refer to food prepared in excess that has not been served but may be collected for a human food donation or recoveryprogram. Leftovers can also refer to plate scrapings that are not appropriate forhuman consumption.Lerp Psyllid:A plant-moisture sucking homopterans in the insect family Psyllidae. Redgum lerp psyllid nymphs (immature) form a cover called a "lerp," which is a small white,hemispherical cap composed of solidified honeydew and wax. The UC BerkeleyBiological Control of the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid page provides additionalinformation on Lerp Psyllid.Lignin:A complex polymer, the chief non-carbohydrate constituent of wood that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.Manure:Agricultural material and means accumulated herbivore or avian excrement. This includes feces and urine, and any bedding material, spilled feed, or soil that ismixed with feces or urine.Mesophilic: (Gr.--Cold loving) Describes bacteria which are active in the temperature range between 40-110 degrees Fahrenheit, but thrive between 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Most of the decomposition that takes place in a compost pile is mesophilic.Methane:A gas created naturally in marshes and bogs, as well as landfills. Considered a potent greenhouse gas.Microbial spore suspensions:Microscopically visible particles dispersed throughout a less dense liquid from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled because of system viscosity or molecular interactions.Microorganisms:Microscopic living organisms that digest organic material through metabolic activity.Mold:A superficial (often woolly) fungus that grows especially on damp or decaying organic matter or on living organisms.Monosaccharides:A sugar that is not decomposable to simpler sugars by hydrolysis. The simplest form of sugar.Morphology:The form and structure of an organism or any of its partsMulch:A layer of organic material that is spread over the bare surface of soil to block the loss of moisture and to discourage the growth of weeds. Typically applied aroundplants to minimize moisture evaporation. Mulch is the term for non-composted materials, such as shredded or chipped bark.Municipal organicmaterials:Organic materials generated by residential, business, institutional, and agricultural sources, which are then collected and sent to city and county waste facilities.Municipal solid waste (MSW): Garbage. Refuse with the potential for energy recovery; includes residential, commercial, and institutional wastes.Means the material part of the municipal solid waste stream and is mixed with or contains nonorganic, processed industrial materials, or plastics. Compostable material that contains mixed demolition or mixed construction debris shall be considered mixed solid waste.Mycelium:The body of a fungus, composed of many threads of tissue. Mushrooms do not reproduce by seed, but by spores. The spores germinate to produce threadlikestructures known as hyphae. Collectively, a mass of hyphae are known as themycelium.Myriapoda:Any of a group of arthropods having the body made up of numerous similar segments nearly all of which bear true jointed legs and including the millipedes andcentipedes.Native plant:The native plants of a given area are those that grew there prior to European contact. Native plants have co-evolved with animals, fungi, and microbes to form acomplex network of relationships. These plants are the foundation ofnative ecosystems, or natural communities.Nematode:Any un-segmented worm of the class Nematoda, having a tough outer cuticle. The group includes free-living forms and disease-causing parasites, such as thehookworm and filaria.Also called: nematode worm, roundwormNitrates:A compound containing nitrogen and oxygen that can exist in the atmosphere or in water and that can have harmful effects on humans and animals at highconcentrations.Non-Aerated:No air or circulation of air.Nonpoint source pollution:Diffuse discharges of waste throughout the natural environment which are a major cause of water pollution. Difficult to pinpoint physically, but can be classified by type: urban runoff, agriculture, mining, septic tank leach fields, and silviculture.Organic matter:Material that comes from organisms that were once alive, or derived from or produced through the biological activity of a living thing.Old corrugatedcontainer (OCC):A fabricated container made from linerboard placed around a corrugated medium.Parasite:An organism that inhabits a living host in a symbiotic relationship, for existence or support. Typical examples include hookworms, tapeworms, and some mites. Inplants, a parasitic plant is one that gets its sustenance from an established hostplant.Pathogen:Any organism or infectious agent, capable of causing disease or infection. In the composting process, (found in animal waste material), pathogens are killed by thehigh temperatures (131 degrees Fahrenheit or higher for three days).Phyllosphere:The three-dimensional micro-environmental space surrounding a leaf.Phylloxera:Scientific Name: Daktulosphaira vitifoliae--a tiny aphid-like insect that feeds on Vitis vinifera grape roots, stunting growth of vines or killing them.Phylum:A series of animals or plants genetically connected by one or more fundamental characteristics that set them apart from all other animals and plants and forming aprimary category of the animal or plant kingdom.Phytophthoracinnamomi:A destructive parasitic fungi causing root rot in plants.Phytophthora ramorum:A newly identified plant pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death in a variety of hosts.Polysaccharide:A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides especially: any of the more complex carbohydrates (ascellulose, starch, or glycogen).Postconsumer food scraps:Food that has been served to diners but is not eaten; also called plate scrapings. This may include vegetables, salad dressings, sauces, cheese, meat, and bones, as well as nonfood items, such as napkins. If the nonfood items are not separated from the food, these and other nonfood contaminants like straws, cups, and plastic utensils will become a part of this blend.Preconsumer food scraps:Preconsumer scraps may include food processing wastes such as vegetable culls, brewery by-products, coffee grounds, or kitchen preparation wastes. Restaurants, for example, often cut off inedible portions of vegetables in food preparation. This can include carrot tops, potato peels, lettuce leaves, broccoli stems, or similar scraps.Protozoa:Unicellular or single-celled animals which have varied morphology and physiology, and often complex life cycles. Represented in almost every kind of habitat.Psychrophilic: (Gr.--Warmth loving) Describes bacteria which are active in a low temperature range (below 65 degrees Fahrenheit), but thrive around 55 degrees Fahrenheit.Putrescine:Produced by the breakdown of amino acids as organisms break down.Rendering:Related to animal waste, a process that breaks down and converts animal tissue intoa usable commodity. Rendering operations can make edible products such ascanned pet food, or non-edible products like bone meal.Rhizome:An underground, horizontal plant stem that produces shoots above and roots below, and is distinguished from a true root in possessing buds, nodes, and usuallyscale-like leaves. Examples of plants with underground rhizomes include gingerand bamboo; plants with rhizomes that grow above ground include some irisspecies and ferns.Rhizosphere:The below-ground area that surrounds the root surface of plants, where root secretions occur and microorganisms consume sugars released by the roots.Saprophages:Also known as detritus feeders. Refers to organism that contributes to decomposition, obtaining food by absorbing dissolved organic material.Side dressing:The application of fertilizer or organic matter around a plant, the material being left on the soil surface rather than being dug in. Also known as top dressing.Silviculture:The care and cultivation of forest trees; forestry.Soil amendment:A material, such as organic matter or sand, mixed into soil to improve growing conditions.Soil biology:The study of the organisms and their activity in soil, this includes bacteria, worms, fungi, and nematodes.Soil food web:A group of plants, soil, organic matter, and organisms that thrive within a system.Soluble:Susceptible to being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water.Spawn:The term used for the combination of mycelium and substrate is spawn. This can be thought of as the vegetative part of the mushroom.Stolon:A horizontal stem at or just below the surface of the ground that roots at the nodes and produces new plants. Also called "runners."Substrate:Any combination of materials that provide support, water retention, aeration, or nutrient retention for plant growth. In this instance, substrate is compost into whichmushroom spawn is distributed.Sudden Oak Death:A disease infecting oaks and several other ornamental plants that were noticed in recent years in coastal California and a small geographic area of Oregon. The United States Department of Agriculture website provides additional information on Phytophthora ramorum.T extiles:Items made of thread, yarn, fabric, or cloth. This includes clothes, fabric trimmings, draperies, and all natural and synthetic cloth fibers. This does not include cloth-covered furniture, mattresses, leather shoes, leather bags, or leather belts.Thatch:A mat of undercomposed plant material (as grass roots) accumulated next to the soil in a grassy area (as a lawn)Thermophilic: (Gr.--Heat loving)Heat-loving, applied especially to certain bacteria requiring high temperatures for normal development.Tilth:The condition of soil or land that has been tilled, especially with respect to suitability for promoting plant growth.Tire:A pneumatic tire or solid tire manufactured for use on any type of motor vehicle.T rommel:A revolving cylindrical sieve used for screening or sizing compost and mulch.Vector Control:Related to rats, insects, birds, and vermin. Methods used to control and reduce therisk of exposure to these pests that may transmit disease pathogens to humans.Vermicomposting:The process whereby worms feed on slowly decomposing materials (e.g., vegetable scraps) in a controlled environment to produce a nutrient-rich soil amendment.Additional terms for the soil amendment are worm castings or worm manure. Thismaterial is rich in nutrients and is an excellent soil conditioner. Species typicallyused for vermicomposting include Red Wigglers and European nightcrawlers.Volatile Organic Compound (VOC):Carbon-containing compounds that evaporate into the air (with a few exceptions). VOCs contribute to the formation of smog and/or may themselves be toxic. VOCs often have an odor. Typical liquids that release VOCs include gasoline, diesel fuel, pesticides, cleaning supplies, glues, and solvents used in paints.Watershed:The total land area that contributes water from rain or snowmelt down to a body of water, such as a river, reservoir, wetland, stream, lake, or ocean. Synonymous withdrainage area, drainage basin, and catchment.Wood-overs:Also called compost-overs, these are large, woody parts of the compost pile that have not completely broken down and will not pass through a minus one-halfinch trommel screen.Wood waste:Solid waste consisting of wood pieces or particles which are generated from the manufacturing or production of wood products, harvesting, processing, or storageof raw wood materials, or construction and demolition activities.Xeriscaping:The practice of landscaping with slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants to eliminate the need for irrigation and lower the need for water consumption.Y ard trimmings:Wastes generated from the maintenance or alteration of public, commercial or residential landscapes including, but not limited to, yard clippings, leaves, treetrimmings, prunings, brush, and weeds.。
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-集成电路词汇汇总
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-集成电路词汇汇总Abrupt junction 突变结Accelerated testing 加速实验Acceptor 受主Acceptor atom 受主原子Accumulation 积累、堆积Accumulating contact 积累接触Accumulation region 积累区Accumulation layer 积累层Active region 有源区Active component 有源元Active device 有源器件Activation 激活Activation energy 激活能Active region 有源（放大）区Admittance 导纳Allowed band 允带Alloy-junction device合金结器件Aluminum(Aluminium) 铝Aluminum – oxide 铝氧化物Aluminum passivation 铝钝化Ambipolar 双极的Ambient temperature 环境温度Amorphous 无定形的，非晶体的Amplifier 功放扩音器放大器Analogue(Analog) comparator 模拟比较器Angstrom 埃Anneal 退火Anisotropic 各向异性的Anode 阳极Arsenic (AS) 砷Auger 俄歇Auger process 俄歇过程Avalanche 雪崩Avalanche breakdown 雪崩击穿Avalanche excitation雪崩激发Background carrier 本底载流子Background doping 本底掺杂Backward 反向Backward bias 反向偏置Ballasting resistor 整流电阻Ball bond 球形键合Band 能带Band gap 能带间隙Barrier 势垒Barrier layer 势垒层Barrier width 势垒宽度Base 基极Base contact 基区接触Base stretching 基区扩展效应Base transit time 基区渡越时间Base transport efficiency基区输运系数Base-width modulation基区宽度调制Basis vector 基矢Bias 偏置Bilateral switch 双向开关Binary code 二进制代码Binary compound semiconductor 二元化合物半导体Bipolar 双极性的Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)双极晶体管Bloch 布洛赫Blocking band 阻挡能带Blocking contact 阻挡接触Body - centered 体心立方Body-centred cubic structure 体立心结构Boltzm ann 波尔兹曼Bond 键、键合Bonding electron 价电子Bonding pad 键合点Bootstrap circuit 自举电路Bootstrapped emitter follower 自举射极跟随器Boron 硼Borosilicate glass 硼硅玻璃Boundary condition 边界条件Bound electron 束缚电子Breadboard 模拟板、实验板Break down 击穿Break over 转折Brillouin 布里渊Brillouin zone 布里渊区Built-in 内建的Build-in electric field 内建电场Bulk 体/体内Bulk absorption 体吸收Bulk generation 体产生Bulk recombination 体复合Burn - in 老化Burn out 烧毁Buried channel 埋沟Buried diffusion region 隐埋扩散区Can 外壳Capacitance 电容Capture cross section 俘获截面 Capture carrier 俘获载流子Carrier 载流子、载波Carry bit 进位位Carry-in bit 进位输入 Carry-out bit 进位输出Cascade 级联 Case 管壳Cathode 阴极 Center 中心Ceramic 陶瓷（的）Channel 沟道Channel breakdown 沟道击穿Channel current 沟道电流Channel doping 沟道掺杂 Channel shortening 沟道缩短Channel width 沟道宽度 Characteristic impedance 特征阻抗Charge 电荷、充电 Charge-compensation effects 电荷补偿效应Charge conservation 电荷守恒 Charge neutrality condition 电中性条件Charge drive/exchange/sharing/transfer/storage 电荷驱动/交换/共享/转移/存储Chemmical etching 化学腐蚀法 Chemically-Polish 化学抛光Chemmically-Mechanically Polish (CMP) 化学机械抛光Chip 芯片Chip yield 芯片成品率Clamped 箝位Clamping diode 箝位二极管Cleavage plane 解理面Clock rate 时钟频率 Clock generator 时钟发生器Clock flip-flop 时钟触发器Close-packed structure 密堆积结构Close-loop gain 闭环增益 Collector 集电极Collision 碰撞 Compensated OP-AMP 补偿运放Common-base/collector/emitter connection 共基极/集电极/发射极连接Common-gate/drain/source connection 共栅/漏/源连接Common-mode gain 共模增益 Common-mode input 共模输入Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) 共模抑制比Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 补偿Compensated impurities 补偿杂质 Compensated semiconductor 补偿半导体Complementary Darlington circuit 互补达林顿电路Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor(CMOS)互补金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Complementary error function 余误差函数Computer-aided design (CAD)/test(CAT)/manufacture(CAM) 计算机辅助设计/ 测试/制造Compound Semiconductor 化合物半导体 Conductance 电导Conduction band (edge) 导带(底) Conduction level/state 导带态Conductor 导体 Conductivity 电导率Configuration 组态 Conlomb 库仑Conpled Configuration Devices 结构组态Constants 物理常数Constant energy surface 等能面 Constant-source diffusion恒定源扩散Contact 接触Contamination 治污Continuity equation 连续性方程Contact hole 接触孔Contact potential 接触电势Continuity condition 连续性条件Contra doping 反掺杂 Controlled 受控的Converter 转换器Conveyer 传输器Copper interconnection system 铜互连系统Couping 耦合Covalent 共阶的Crossover 跨交Critical 临界的Crossunder 穿交Crucible坩埚 Crystal defect/face/orientation/lattice 晶体缺陷/晶面/晶向/晶格Current density 电流密度Curvature 曲率Cut off 截止Current drift/dirve/sharing 电流漂移/驱动/共享Current Sense 电流取样Curvature 弯曲Custom integrated circuit 定制集成电路Cylindrical 柱面的Czochralshicrystal 直立单晶Czochralski technique 切克劳斯基技术（Cz法直拉晶体J）Dangling bonds 悬挂键Dark current 暗电流Dead time 空载时间Debye length 德拜长度De.broglie 德布洛意Decderate 减速Decibel (dB) 分贝Decode 译码Deep acceptor level 深受主能级Deep donor level 深施主能级Deep impurity level 深度杂质能级Deep trap 深陷阱Defeat 缺陷Degenerate semiconductor 简并半导体Degeneracy 简并度Degradation 退化Degree Celsius(centigrade) /Kelvin 摄氏/开氏温度Delay 延迟Density 密度Density of states 态密度Depletion 耗尽Depletion approximation 耗尽近似Depletion contact 耗尽接触Depletion depth 耗尽深度Depletion effect 耗尽效应Depletion layer 耗尽层Depletion MOS 耗尽MOSDepletion region 耗尽区Deposited film 淀积薄膜Deposition process 淀积工艺Design rules 设计规则Die 芯片（复数dice）Diode 二极管Dielectric 介电的Dielectric isolation 介质隔离Difference-mode input 差模输入Differential amplifier 差分放大器Differential capacitance 微分电容Diffused junction 扩散结Diffusion 扩散Diffusion coefficient 扩散系数Diffusion constant 扩散常数Diffusivity 扩散率Diffusion capacitance/barrier/current/furnace 扩散电容/势垒/电流/炉Digital circuit 数字电路Dipole domain 偶极畴Dipole layer 偶极层Direct-coupling 直接耦合Direct-gap semiconductor 直接带隙半导体Direct transition 直接跃迁Discharge 放电Discrete component 分立元件Dissipation 耗散Distribution 分布Distributed capacitance 分布电容Distributed model 分布模型Displacement 位移Dislocation 位错Domain 畴Donor 施主Donor exhaustion 施主耗尽Dopant 掺杂剂Doped semiconductor 掺杂半导体Doping concentration 掺杂浓度Double-diffusive MOS(DMOS)双扩散MOS.Drift 漂移Drift field 漂移电场Drift mobility 迁移率Dry etching 干法腐蚀Dry/wet oxidation 干/湿法氧化Dose 剂量Duty cycle 工作周期Dual-in-line package （DIP）双列直插式封装Dynamics 动态Dynamic characteristics 动态属性Dynamic impedance 动态阻抗Early effect 厄利效应Early failure 早期失效Effective mass 有效质量Einstein relation(ship) 爱因斯坦关系Electric Erase Programmable Read Only Memory(E2PROM) 一次性电可擦除只读存储器Electrode 电极Electrominggratim 电迁移Electron affinity 电子亲和势Electronic -grade 电子能Electron-beam photo-resist exposure 光致抗蚀剂的电子束曝光Electron gas 电子气Electron-grade water 电子级纯水Electron trapping center 电子俘获中心 Electron Volt (eV) 电子伏Electrostatic 静电的Element 元素/元件/配件Elemental semiconductor 元素半导体Ellipse 椭圆Ellipsoid 椭球Emitter 发射极Emitter-coupled logic 发射极耦合逻辑Emitter-coupled pair 发射极耦合对Emitter follower 射随器Empty band 空带Emitter crowding effect 发射极集边（拥挤）效应Endurance test =life test 寿命测试 Energy state 能态Energy momentum diagram 能量-动量(E-K)图Enhancement mode 增强型模式Enhancement MOS 增强性MOS Entefic (低)共溶的Environmental test 环境测试Epitaxial 外延的Epitaxial layer 外延层Epitaxial slice 外延片Expitaxy 外延Equivalent curcuit 等效电路Equilibrium majority /minority carriers 平衡多数/少数载流子Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)可搽取（编程）存储器Error function complement 余误差函数Etch 刻蚀Etchant 刻蚀剂Etching mask 抗蚀剂掩模Excess carrier 过剩载流子Excitation energy 激发能 Excited state 激发态Exciton 激子 Extrapolation 外推法Extrinsic 非本征的Extrinsic semiconductor 杂质半导体Face - centered 面心立方Fall time 下降时间Fan-in 扇入Fan-out 扇出Fast recovery 快恢复F ast surface states 快界面态Feedback 反馈Fermi level 费米能级Fermi-Dirac Distribution 费米-狄拉克分布Femi potential 费米势Fick equation 菲克方程（扩散）Field effect transistor 场效应晶体管Field oxide 场氧化层Filled band 满带Film 薄膜Flash memory 闪烁存储器Flat band 平带Flat pack 扁平封装Flicker noise 闪烁（变）噪声Flip-flop toggle 触发器翻转Floating gate 浮栅Fluoride etch 氟化氢刻蚀Forbidden band 禁带Forward bias 正向偏置Forward blocking /conducting正向阻断/导通Frequency deviation noise频率漂移噪声Frequency response 频率响应Function 函数Gain 增益Gallium-Arsenide(GaAs) 砷化钾Gamy ray r 射线Gate 门、栅、控制极Gate oxide 栅氧化层Gauss（ian）高斯Gaussian distribution profile 高斯掺杂分布Generation-recombination 产生-复合Geometries 几何尺寸Germanium(Ge) 锗Graded 缓变的Graded (gradual) channel 缓变沟道Graded junction 缓变结Grain 晶粒Gradient 梯度Grown junction 生长结Guard ring 保护环Gummel-Poom model 葛谋-潘模型Gunn - effect 狄氏效应Hardened device 辐射加固器件Heat of formation 形成热Heat sink 散热器、热沉Heavy/light hole band 重/轻空穴带Heavy saturation 重掺杂Hell - effect 霍尔效应Heterojunction 异质结Heterojunction structure 异质结结构Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor（HBT）异质结双极型晶体High field property 高场特性High-performance MOS.( H-MOS)高性能MOS. Hormalized 归一化Horizontal epitaxial reactor 卧式外延反应器Hot carrior 热载流子Hybrid integration 混合集成Image - force 镜象力Impact ionization 碰撞电离Impedance 阻抗Imperfect structure 不完整结构Implantation dose 注入剂量Implanted ion 注入离子Impurity 杂质Impurity scattering 杂志散射Incremental resistance 电阻增量（微分电阻）In-contact mask 接触式掩模Indium tin oxide (ITO) 铟锡氧化物Induced channel 感应沟道Infrared 红外的Injection 注入Input offset voltage 输入失调电压Insulator 绝缘体Insulated Gate FET(IGFET)绝缘栅FET Integrated injection logic集成注入逻辑Integration 集成、积分Interconnection 互连Interconnection time delay 互连延时Interdigitated structure 交互式结构Interface 界面Interference 干涉International system of unions国际单位制Internally scattering 谷间散射Interpolation 内插法Intrinsic 本征的Intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体Inverse operation 反向工作Inversion 反型Inverter 倒相器Ion 离子Ion beam 离子束Ion etching 离子刻蚀Ion implantation 离子注入Ionization 电离Ionization energy 电离能Irradiation 辐照Isolation land 隔离岛Isotropic 各向同性Junction FET(JFET) 结型场效应管Junction isolation 结隔离Junction spacing 结间距Junction side-wall 结侧壁Latch up 闭锁Lateral 横向的Lattice 晶格Layout 版图Lattice binding/cell/constant/defect/distortion 晶格结合力/晶胞/晶格/晶格常熟/晶格缺陷/晶格畸变Leakage current （泄）漏电流Level shifting 电平移动Life time 寿命linearity 线性度Linked bond 共价键Liquid Nitrogen 液氮Liquid－phase epitaxial growth technique 液相外延生长技术Lithography 光刻Light Emitting Diode(LED) 发光二极管Load line or Variable 负载线Locating and Wiring 布局布线Longitudinal 纵向的Logic swing 逻辑摆幅Lorentz 洛沦兹Lumped model 集总模型Majority carrier 多数载流子Mask 掩膜板，光刻板Mask level 掩模序号Mask set 掩模组Mass - action law质量守恒定律Master-slave D flip-flop主从D触发器Matching 匹配Maxwell 麦克斯韦Mean free path 平均自由程Meandered emitter junction梳状发射极结Mean time before failure (MTBF) 平均工作时间Megeto - resistance 磁阻Mesa 台面MESFET-Metal Semiconductor金属半导体FETMetallization 金属化Microelectronic technique 微电子技术Microelectronics 微电子学Millen indices 密勒指数Minority carrier 少数载流子Misfit 失配Mismatching 失配Mobile ions 可动离子Mobility 迁移率Module 模块Modulate 调制Molecular crystal分子晶体Monolithic IC 单片IC MOSFET金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Mos. Transistor(MOST )MOS. 晶体管Multiplication 倍增Modulator 调制Multi-chip IC 多芯片ICMulti-chip module(MCM) 多芯片模块Multiplication coefficient倍增因子Naked chip 未封装的芯片（裸片）Negative feedback 负反馈Negative resistance 负阻Nesting 套刻Negative-temperature-coefficient 负温度系数Noise margin 噪声容限Nonequilibrium 非平衡Nonrolatile 非挥发（易失）性Normally off/on 常闭/开Numerical analysis 数值分析Occupied band 满带 Officienay 功率Offset 偏移、失调On standby 待命状态Ohmic contact 欧姆接触 Open circuit 开路Operating point 工作点 Operating bias 工作偏置Operational amplifier (OPAMP)运算放大器Optical photon =photon 光子 Optical quenching光猝灭Optical transition 光跃迁 Optical-coupled isolator光耦合隔离器Organic semiconductor有机半导体 Orientation 晶向、定向Outline 外形Out-of-contact mask非接触式掩模Output characteristic 输出特性Output voltage swing 输出电压摆幅Overcompensation 过补偿 Over-current protection 过流保护Over shoot 过冲Over-voltage protection 过压保护Overlap 交迭 Overload 过载Oscillator 振荡器Oxide 氧化物Oxidation 氧化Oxide passivation 氧化层钝化Package 封装 Pad 压焊点Parameter 参数 Parasitic effect 寄生效应Parasitic oscillation 寄生振荡 Passination 钝化Passive component 无源元件 Passive device 无源器件Passive surface 钝化界面 Parasitic transistor 寄生晶体管Peak-point voltage 峰点电压 Peak voltage 峰值电压Permanent-storage circuit 永久存储电路Period 周期Periodic table 周期表 Permeable - base 可渗透基区Phase-lock loop 锁相环Phase drift 相移Phonon spectra 声子谱Photo conduction 光电导 Photo diode 光电二极管Photoelectric cell 光电池Photoelectric effect 光电效应Photoenic devices 光子器件Photolithographic process 光刻工艺(photo) resist （光敏）抗腐蚀剂Pin 管脚Pinch off 夹断Pinning of Fermi level 费米能级的钉扎（效应）Planar process 平面工艺 Planar transistor 平面晶体管Plasma 等离子体 Plezoelectric effect 压电效应Poisson equation 泊松方程Point contact 点接触Polarity 极性 Polycrystal 多晶Polymer semiconductor聚合物半导体 Poly-silicon 多晶硅Potential (电)势Potential barrier 势垒Potential well 势阱Power dissipation 功耗Power transistor 功率晶体管 Preamplifier 前置放大器Primary flat 主平面Principal axes 主轴Print-circuit board(PCB) 印制电路板Probability 几率Probe 探针Process 工艺Propagation delay 传输延时Pseudopotential method 膺势发Punch through 穿通 Pulse triggering/modulating 脉冲触发/调制PulseWiden Modulator(PWM) 脉冲宽度调制Punchthrough 穿通 Push-pull stage 推挽级Quality factor 品质因子 Quantization 量子化Quantum 量子Quantum efficiency量子效应Quantum mechanics 量子力学Quasi – Fermi－level准费米能级Quartz 石英Radiation conductivity 辐射电导率Radiation damage 辐射损伤Radiation flux density 辐射通量密度Radiation hardening 辐射加固Radiation protection 辐射保护Radiative - recombination辐照复合Radioactive 放射性Reach through 穿通Reactive sputtering source 反应溅射源Read diode 里德二极管Recombination 复合Recovery diode 恢复二极管Reciprocal lattice 倒核子Recovery time 恢复时间Rectifier 整流器（管）Rectifying contact 整流接触Reference 基准点基准参考点Refractive index 折射率Register 寄存器Registration 对准Regulate 控制调整Relaxation lifetime 驰豫时间Reliability 可靠性Resonance 谐振Resistance 电阻Resistor 电阻器Resistivity 电阻率Regulator 稳压管（器）Relaxation 驰豫Resonant frequency共射频率Response time 响应时间Reverse 反向的Reverse bias 反向偏置Sampling circuit 取样电路Sapphire 蓝宝石（Al2O3）Satellite valley 卫星谷Saturated current range电流饱和区Saturation region 饱和区Saturation 饱和的Scaled down 按比例缩小Scattering 散射Schockley diode 肖克莱二极管Schottky 肖特基Schottky barrier 肖特基势垒Schottky contact 肖特基接触Schrodingen 薛定厄Scribing grid 划片格Secondary flat 次平面Seed crystal 籽晶Segregation 分凝Selectivity 选择性Self aligned 自对准的Self diffusion 自扩散Semiconductor 半导体Semiconductor-controlled rectifier 可控硅Sendsitivity 灵敏度Serial 串行/串联Series inductance 串联电感Settle time 建立时间Sheet resistance 薄层电阻Shield 屏蔽Short circuit 短路Shot noise 散粒噪声Shunt 分流Sidewall capacitance 边墙电容Signal 信号Silica glass 石英玻璃Silicon 硅Silicon carbide 碳化硅Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 二氧化硅Silicon Nitride(Si3N4) 氮化硅Silicon On Insulator 绝缘硅Siliver whiskers 银须Simple cubic 简立方Single crystal 单晶Sink 沉Skin effect 趋肤效应Snap time 急变时间Sneak path 潜行通路Sulethreshold 亚阈的Solar battery/cell 太阳能电池Solid circuit 固体电路Solid Solubility 固溶度Sonband 子带Source 源极Source follower 源随器Space charge 空间电荷Specific heat(PT) 热Speed-power product 速度功耗乘积Spherical 球面的Spin 自旋Split 分裂Spontaneous emission 自发发射Spreading resistance扩展电阻Sputter 溅射Stacking fault 层错Static characteristic 静态特性Stimulated emission 受激发射Stimulated recombination 受激复合Storage time 存储时间Stress 应力Straggle 偏差Sublimation 升华Substrate 衬底Substitutional 替位式的Superlattice 超晶格Supply 电源Surface 表面Surge capacity 浪涌能力Subscript 下标Switching time 开关时间Switch 开关Tailing 扩展Terminal 终端Tensor 张量Tensorial 张量的Thermal activation 热激发Thermal conductivity 热导率Thermal equilibrium 热平衡Thermal Oxidation 热氧化Thermal resistance 热阻Thermal sink 热沉Thermal velocity 热运动Thermoelectricpovoer 温差电动势率Thick-film technique 厚膜技术Thin-film hybrid IC薄膜混合集成电路Thin-Film Transistor(TFT) 薄膜晶体Threshlod 阈值Thyistor 晶闸管Transconductance 跨导Transfer characteristic 转移特性Transfer electron 转移电子Transfer function 传输函数Transient 瞬态的Transistor aging(stress) 晶体管老化Transit time 渡越时间Transition 跃迁Transition-metal silica 过度金属硅化物Transition probability 跃迁几率Transition region 过渡区Transport 输运Transverse 横向的Trap 陷阱Trapping 俘获Trapped charge 陷阱电荷Triangle generator 三角波发生器Triboelectricity 摩擦电Trigger 触发Trim 调配调整Triple diffusion 三重扩散Truth table 真值表Tolerahce 容差Tunnel(ing) 隧道（穿）Tunnel current 隧道电流Turn over 转折Turn - off time 关断时间Ultraviolet 紫外的Unijunction 单结的Unipolar 单极的Unit cell 原（元）胞Unity-gain frequency 单位增益频率Unilateral-switch单向开关Vacancy 空位Vacuum 真空Valence(value) band 价带Value band edge 价带顶Valence bond 价键Vapour phase 汽相Varactor 变容管Varistor 变阻器Vibration 振动Voltage 电压Wafer 晶片 Wave equation 波动方程Wave guide 波导 Wave number 波数Wave-particle duality 波粒二相性Wear-out 烧毁Wire routing 布线 Work function 功函数Worst-case device 最坏情况器件Yield 成品率Zener breakdown 齐纳击穿Zone melting 区熔法。
土木工程英语证书考试PEC材料力学词汇
土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-材料力学词汇A安全因数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’s ratio补偿块 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns单位荷载 unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stress F分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度 stiffness刚架，构架 frame刚结点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem 工作应变计active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hook’s law滑移线 slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪流 shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area截面核心 core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem 静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩，一次矩 static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bending拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载 critical loadM迈因纳定律 Miner’s law名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces扭力矩 twisting moment扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服强度 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’s formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限 endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric compression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服 yield屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette 三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation塑性材料，延性材料ductile materials塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量 spring constant弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy of volume change体应变 volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心 shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem 稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全因数 safety factor for stability细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body约束扭转 constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns形心轴 centroidal axis形状系数 shape factor许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变计 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变能密度 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中因数 stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve 应力－应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr’s circle for stresses Z正应变 normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidal moments of inertia主形心轴 principal centroidal axis转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress（注：素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
有机材料处理词汇大全英文版
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-有机材料处理词汇Term ExplanationActinomycetes:Any of a group of generally low-oxygen–utilizing bacteria identified by a branching growth pattern that result in large threadlike structures. Many speciesoccur in soil and are harmless to animals and higher plants.Adjuvant:An ingredient that improves the properties of a formulation to which it has been added.Aerate/aeration:To supply with air or expose to the circulation of air: aerate soil or soil aeration.Forced aeration refers to the use of blowers in a compost pile.Aerobic:To be "with oxygen." Life or biological processes that can occur only in the presence of oxygen, such as the digestion of organic matter by bacteria.Agricultural material:Material of plant or animal origin, which result from the production and processing of farm, ranch agricultural, horticultural, aquacultural, silvicultural, floricultural, vermicultural, or viticultural products, including manures, orchard and vineyard prunings, and crop residues.Anaerobic:To be "without oxygen." A biological process occurring in the absence of oxygen, marked by a foul odor. These odors may include acetic acid, butyric acid, orputrescine.Arthropod: (Greek--joint foot) Any of numerous invertebrate animals of the phylum (family) Arthropoda, including the insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods, that are characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and a segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs.Ash:The residue that remains after a solid waste has burned. Also referred to as bottom ash and fly ash.Bacteria:Microscopic single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus. They are structured as either rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, or spiral-shaped. They can be aerobic oranaerobic, or facultative anaerobic.Backyard composting:The on-site process (typically small scale) where the biological decomposition of organic materials such as leaves, grass clippings, brush, and food scraps is processed into a soil amendment.Beetle mites:(Acari)Heavily armored fungus- and needle-eaters.Best management practices:The most effective and practicable method of preventing or reducing the amount of pollution generated by pollution sources. Often abbreviated as BMPs.Bioaerosols:Airborne particles of biological origin including bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts, pollens, and organic matter.Bioassay:Appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard.Biodiversity:The variability among living organisms on Earth, including the variability within and between species and within and between ecosystems.Biofiltration:The harnessing of natural processes for volatile organic compounds (VOC) and odor control. Example: an air stream is passed through a biofiltercontaining microorganisms, which metabolize the VOCs, turning them into carbondioxide and water.Bioremediation:The use of plants or microorganisms to clean up contamination and pollution or to solve other environmental problems, and return the environment to its originalcondition.Biosolids:The nutrient-rich organic byproduct material resulting from the treatment of sewage sludge and wastewater.CAFO:Combined animal feeding operation (CAFO). Animal feeding operations (AFOs) are livestock-raising operations, such as hog, cattle and poultry farms, whichconfine and concentrate animal populations and their wastes. CAFO is the largestcategory of AFO with greater than 1,000 "animal units" and is a significantcontributor to the pollution of waters in the U.S.Casing layer: A moist layer of peat moss mixed with a small amount of calcium carbonate that growers apply over mycelium to retain moisture and provide a growing surface formushrooms.Catchment:a) A catching or collecting of water, especially rainwater, b) A structure, such as a basin or reservoir, used for collecting or draining water, c) The amount of watercollected in such structure, d) A catchment area.Cellobiose: A disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase. Formula: C12H22O11Cellulase:Any enzyme that converts cellulose to the disaccharide cellobiose.Cellulose:The main substance in the cell walls of plants, which is used in making paper, artificial fibers, and plastics.Chitin, (pronounced ktin):Main component of the cell walls of arthropods, found in the outer skeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates.CNMP:Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan is a conservation plan that is unique to animal feeding operations and which incorporates environmental practices to utilizeanimal manure and organic by-products as a beneficial resource to ensure that bothproduction and natural resource protection goals are achieved.Co-composting:The process of blending biosolids with manure or other green waste materials to produce compost. Co-composting includes both the active and curing phases of thecomposting process.Compaction:In soil, compaction occurs when weight of grazing animals/livestock or heavymachinery compresses the soil. The soil then is less able to absorb water.Compost:The product resulting from the decomposition of organic material. Material used to make compost includes landscape trimmings, agricultural crop residues, paper pulp,food scrap, wood chips, manure, and biosolids. These are typically referred to asfeedstock.Composting:The biological decomposition process of organic materials such as leaves, garden waste, coffee grounds, grass clippings, brush, and food waste into a soilamendment.Construction and demolition waste:Waste from building materials such as rubble, lumber, wire, sheet metal, and miscellaneous metal parts.Conversion technology:Term used for the technologies that convert unwanted organic materials into high-value products such as energy, alternative fuels, solvents, and other products.Cover crop: A crop, such as clover, planted between periods of regular crop production to control weeds, prevent soil erosion, and provide humus or nitrogen to the soil.Crown:The junction of root and stem, usually at the level of the ground.Decomposer:An organism that feeds on and breaks down organic materials into simpler chemical compounds.Decomposition:The process by which organic materials chemically break down into simpler compounds.Dewatering:Removal of water from solid waste and sludge via mechanical or thermal means.Disaccharide:Any of a class of sugars, such as maltose, lactose, and sucrose, having two linked monosaccharide units per molecule.Ecosystem:All the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment.Exoskeleton:An external supportive covering of an animal such as a crab or insect (as an arthropod).Feedstock:The raw material used for chemical or biological processes. For example, feedstock used for making compost could include grass clippings, leaves, food scraps, planttrimmings, straw, and animal bedding.Foliage:The leaves of plants or trees.Food material:Material acquired for animal or human consumption, is separated from the municipal solid waste stream, and does not meet the definition of “agriculturalmaterial.”Food scraps:All excess food, including surplus, spoiled, or unsold food such as vegetables and culls (lower quality vegetables or trimmings such as onion peels or carrot tops), aswell as plate scrapings. Food scraps also are commonly called food remnants, foodresiduals, or food waste.Food waste:Refers to all surplus food scraps. The term has fallen out of favor with somecomposters, who prefer to view this material as a resource rather than as wastematerial. However, this term is interchangeable with food scraps.Food Web:The totality of interacting food chains within an ecosystem.Fulvic acid: A yellow to yellow-brown humic substance that is soluble in water under all pH conditions.Fungi:Saprophytic and parasitic plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, and mushrooms.Grasscycling:The natural recycling of grass by leaving clippings on the lawn when mowing.Grass clippings will quickly decompose, returning valuable nutrients to the soil.Green material:Green material includes, but is not limited to, yard trimmings, untreated wood wastes, natural fiber products, and construction and demolition wood waste. Greenmaterial does not include food material, biosolids, mixed solid waste, materialprocesses from commingled collection, wood containing lead-based paint or woodpreservative, and mixed construction or mixed demolition debris.Green waste: A term used to refer to urban landscape waste generally consisting of leaves, grass clippings, weeds, yard trimmings, wood waste, branches and stumps, home gardenresidues, and other miscellaneous organic materials.Hazardous Waste:This includes radioactive substances, toxic chemicals, explosives, biological waste(e.g. from hospitals), and flammable waste.Heavy Metals: A commonly hazardous waste that can damage organisms at low concentrations, including cadmium, mercury, and lead, and which can be found in the waste streamin batteries, televisions, paints, and ink.Homopteran:Any of an order or suborder of insects (as cicadas, aphids, and scale insects) that have sucking mouthparts, able to pierce plant tissue and suck liquid out.Humic Acid:Any of various organic acids obtained from humus.Humus:The organic component of soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter.Hydrolysis: A catch-all term for any reaction in which the water molecule is split.Hyphae:The plural of hypha, which is any of the filaments that constitute the body (mycelium) of a fungus.Industrial sludge:Sludge from factories, manufacturing facilities, and refineries. This type does not include any subtypes. For example, this type includes paper pulp sludge and watertreatment filter cake sludge.Inoculate:To implant microorganisms onto or into a culture medium.Inorganic matter:Refers to non-living source such as rocks, minerals or sand, of nonbiological origin.Integrated pest management (IPM):Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices,and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicatesthey are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments are made withthe goal of removing only the target organism.Invertebrate:An organism lacking a spinal column.Laminarinase: A polysaccharide that is found in various brown algae and yields only glucose on hydrolysis.Leachate: A water that has percolated through a solid waste, such as a landfill.Leftovers:In terms of food scraps or food waste, may refer to food prepared in excess that has not been served but may be collected for a human food donation or recoveryprogram. Leftovers can also refer to plate scrapings that are not appropriate forhuman consumption.Lerp Psyllid: A plant-moisture sucking homopterans in the insect family Psyllidae. Redgum lerp psyllid nymphs (immature) form a cover called a "lerp," which is a small white,hemispherical cap composed of solidified honeydew and wax. The UC BerkeleyBiological Control of the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid page provides additionalinformation on Lerp Psyllid.Lignin: A complex polymer, the chief non-carbohydrate constituent of wood that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.Manure:Agricultural material and means accumulated herbivore or avian excrement. This includes feces and urine, and any bedding material, spilled feed, or soil that ismixed with feces or urine.Mesophilic: (Gr.--Cold loving) Describes bacteria which are active in the temperature range between 40-110 degrees Fahrenheit, but thrive between 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Most of the decomposition that takes place in a compost pile is mesophilic.Methane: A gas created naturally in marshes and bogs, as well as landfills. Considered a potent greenhouse gas.Microbial spore suspensions:Microscopically visible particles dispersed throughout a less dense liquid from which they are easily filtered but not easily settled because of system viscosity or molecular interactions.Microorganisms:Microscopic living organisms that digest organic material through metabolic activity.Mold: A superficial (often woolly) fungus that grows especially on damp or decaying organic matter or on living organisms.Monosaccharides: A sugar that is not decomposable to simpler sugars by hydrolysis. The simplest form of sugar.Morphology:The form and structure of an organism or any of its partsMulch: A layer of organic material that is spread over the bare surface of soil to block the loss of moisture and to discourage the growth of weeds. Typically applied aroundplants to minimize moisture evaporation. Mulch is the term for non-composted materials, such as shredded or chipped bark.Municipal organicmaterials:Organic materials generated by residential, business, institutional, and agricultural sources, which are then collected and sent to city and county waste facilities.Municipal solid waste (MSW): Garbage. Refuse with the potential for energy recovery。
【建筑工程类】PEC材料工程英语证书考试材料试验词汇
（建筑施工；为；米；千米；考试）PEC材料工程英语证书考试材料试验词汇PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料试验词汇AAdherence—The extent to which a coating bonds to a substrate.Adherence Index--Measure of the Adherence of porcelain enamel and ceramic coatings tosheet metal.Alpha Rockwell Hardness—Index of the resistance of a plastic to surface penetration by aspecified indenter under specified load applied with a Rockwell Hardness tester. Higher valuesindicate higher indentation Hardness.Axial Strain—The Strain in the direction that the load is applied, or on the same axis as theapplied load.Analogue board—A machine circuit board, which converts analogue signals into digital signal.Anchor Pin—A steel pin that connects a grip or jig to an eye endAuto Return—Auto Return, when set to on, causes the crosshead to return automatically to itsZero point at the end of the test.BBend Test—Method for measuring Ductility of certain materials. There are nostandardizedterms for reporting bend test results for broad classes of materials; rather, terms associated withbend tests apply to specific forms or types of materials. For example, materials specificationssometimes require that a specimen be bent to a specified inside diameter (ASTM A-360, steelproducts). A bend test for Ductility of welds is given in ASTM E-190. Results of tests offiberboard are reported by a description of the failure or photographs.Bending Strength—Alternate term for Flexural Strength. It is most commonly used to describeflexure properties of cast iron and wood products.Bond Strength—Stress (tensile load divided by area of bond) required to rupture a bond formedby an adhesive between two metal blocks.Break Elongation—The Elongation of the specimen to the break point.Breaking Load—Load which causes fracture in a tensile, compression, flexure or Torsion T est.In tensile tests of textiles and yarns, breaking load also is called breaking strength. In tensiletests of thin sheet materials or materials in form of small diameter wire it is difficultdistinguish between breaking load and the maximum load developed, so the latter is consideredthe breaking load.Breaking Strength—Stress required rupturing the specimen.GLOSSARY OF MATERIALS TESTINGBulk Modulus of Elasticity—Ratio of Stress to change in volume of a material subjected toaxial loading. Related to Modulus of Elasticity (E) and Poisson's Ratio (r) by the followingequation: Bulk Modulus K=E/3(1-2r).Cleavage Strength—Tensile load required to cause separation of a 1-in. long metal-to-metaladhesive bond under the conditions set in ASTM D-1062.Climbing Drum Peel Test—Method for determining Peel Resistance of adhesive bond betweena relatively flexible and a rigid material. (ASTM D-1781).Coefficient of Elasticity—An alternate term for Modulus of Elasticity.Cohesive Strength—Theoretical Stress that causes fracture in tensile test if material exhibits noplastic deformation.Complex Modulus—Measure of dynamic mechanical properties of a material, takingaccount energy dissipated as heat during deformation and Recovery. It is equal to the sum ofstatic modulus of a material and its loss modulus. In the case of shear loading, it is calleddynamic modulus.Compressibility—Extent to which a material is compressed in test for compressibility andRecovery of gasket materials. It is usually reported with Recovery. Compressibility and Recovery Test—Method for measuring behavior of gasket materials undershort time compressive loading at room temperature. ASTM F-36 outlines a standard procedure.This test is not designed to indicate long term (creep) behavior and should not be confusedwith the plastometer test.Compression—Typically a direction of force applied to a sample to decrease its heightCompression Fatigue—Ability of rubber to sustain repeated fluctuating compressive loads.(ASTM D-623)Compression set—The extent to which rubber is permanently deformed by aprolongedcompressive load (ASTM D-395). Should not be confused with low temperature compressionset.Compression test—Method for determining behavior of materials under crushing loads.Specimen is compressed, and deformation at various loads is recorded. Compressive stress andstrain are calculated and plotted as a stress-strain diagram which is used to determine elasticlimit, proportional limit, yield point, Yield Strength and (for some materials) compressivestrength. Standard compression tests are given in ASTM C-773 (high strength ceramics),ASTM E-9 (metals), ASTM E-209 (metals at elevated temperatures) and ASTM D-695 (plastics).Compression-Deflection Test—Nondestructive method for determining relationship betweencompressive load and deflection under load for specimenCompressive Deformation—Extent to which a material deforms under a Crushing Load.Compressive Strength—Maximum stress a material can sustain under crush loading.Compressive strength is calculated by dividing the maximum load by the original cross-sectional area of a specimen in a compression test.Compressive Yield Strength—Stress which causes a material to exhibit a specified deformation.Usually it is determined from the stress-strain diagram obtained in a compression test.Creep—Deformation that occurs over a period of time when a material is subjected to constantstress at constant temperature. In metals, creep usually occurs only at elevated temperatures.Creep at room temperature is more common in plastic materials and is called cold flow ordeformation under load. Data obtained in a creep test usually is presented as a plot of creep vs.time with stress and temperature constant. Slope of the curve is creep rate and end point of thecurve is Time for Rupture. As indicated in the accompanying diagram, the creep of a materialcan be divided into three stages. First stage, or primary creep, starts at a rapid rate and slowswith time. Second stage (secondary) creep has a relatively uniform rate. Third stage (tertiary)creep has an accelerating creep rate and terminates by failure of material at Time for Rupture.Creep Limit—Alternate term for Creep Strength.Creep Rate—Time rate of deformation of a material subject to Stress at a constant temperature.It is the slope of the creep vs. time diagram obtained in a creep test. Units usually are in/in/hror % of elongation/hr. Minimum creep rate is the slope of the portion of the creep vs. timediagram corresponding to secondary creep.Creep Recovery—Rate of decrease in deformation that occurs when load is removed afterprolonged application in a Creep Test. Constant temperature is maintained to eliminate effectsof thermal expansion, and measurements are taken from time load is zero to eliminate elasticeffects.Creep Rupture Strength—Stress required to cause fracture in a creep test within a specifiedtime. Alternate term is Stress Rupture Strength.Creep Strength—Maximum Stress required to cause a specified amount of creep in a specifiedtime. Also used to describe maximum Stress that can be generated in a material at constanttemperature under which creep rate decreases with time. An alternate term is creep limit.Creep Test—Method for determining creep or stress relaxation behavior. To determine creepproperties, material is subjected to prolonged constant tension or compression loading atconstant temperature. Deformation is recorded at specified time intervals and a creep vs. timediagram is plotted. Slope of curve at any point is creep rate. If failure occurs, it terminates testand Time for Rupture is recorded. If specimen does not fracture within test period, creeprecovery may be measured. To determine stress relaxation of material, specimen is deformed agiven amount and decrease in stress over prolonged period of exposure at constant temperatureis recorded. Standard creep testing procedures are detailed in ASTM E-139, ASTM D-2990 andD-2991 (plastics) and ASTM D-2294 (adhesives).Crush Resistance—Load required to produce fracture in a glass sphere subjected tocrushloading. (ASTM D-1213).Crushing Load—Maximum compressive force applied during a compression or crushing test.For materials that do not shatter, crushing load is defined as the force required to produce aspecified type of failure.Crushing Strength—Compressive load required to cause a crack to form in a sintered metalpowder bearing (ASTM B-438 and B-439). Cold crushing strength of refractory bricks andshapes is the gross compressive Stress required to cause fracture. (ASTM C-133). Compounding—The combination of polymers with other materials either by means ofmechanical (dry) blending or melt state blendingCrosshead—This is the main beam on the testing machine. It is this beam that moves either upor down producing a compressive or tensile force. A grip is attached to the crosshead and thetest piece is attached to the grip. The distance that the crosshead moves through is measuredfrom a rotating optical sensor.Crosshead Loom—A ribbon cable that connects the moving crosshead to the machineelectronics, to supply the load cell with a voltage and supply the machine with a load signal.DDeformation Energy—Energy required to deform a material a specified amount. It is the areaunder the Stress-Strain Diagram up to a specified strain.Deformation Under Load—Measure of the ability of rigid plastics to withstand permanentdeformation and the ability of nonrigid plastics to return to original shape after deformation.Standard test methods for determining both types of deformation under load are given inASTM D-621. For rigid plastics, deformation is re-ported as % change in height of specimenafter 24 hours under a specified load. For nonrigid plastics, results are reported as % change inheight after 3 hours under load and Recovery in the 1-1/2 hour period following removal of theload. Recovery is % increase in height calculated on basis of original height. Delamination Strength—Measure of the node-to-node Bond Strength ofhoneycomb corematerials. It is equal to the tensile load applied to a honeycomb panel at fracture divided by itswidth times its thickness. (ASTM C-363)Denier—The unit of linear density equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of fiber, yarn, orother textile strand.Dry Strength—Strength of an adhesive joint determined immediately after drying or after aperiod of conditioning in a specified atmosphere. (ASTM D-2475) Ductility—Extent to which a material can sustain plastic deformation without rupture.Elongation and Reduction of Area are common indices of ductility.Dynamic Creep—Creep that occurs under fluctuating load or temperature.Die swell—Whenever a polymer melt emerges from a die the diameter or thickness is alwayslarger than the diameter (or gap) of the die.At usual production throughputs,diameter orthickness ratios range from 1.20-1.40 for PVC to 1.50-2.00 for commercial grade Polye thyene’s and much more for some polymers containing a high molecular weight tail.It isan indication of the elasticity of the polymer.The more elastic polymers give largercourse,by pulling the extrudates the swell is reduced and of course extrudates can be drawndown to diameters(or thickness) much smaller than the die diameter or gap. Diameter—Used where the cross section shape of the test piece is round.EEASL（Elongation at a specified load）Eccentricity of Loading—Distance between the actual line of action of compressive or tensileloads and the line of action that would produce a uniform Stress over the cross section of thespecimen.Edge Tearing Strength—Measure of the resistance of paper to tearing when folded over aV-notch beam and loaded in a tensile testing machine. Results are re-ported in lb or kg. (SeeTear Resistance)Elastic Hysteresis—Difference between strain energy required to generate a given Stress in amaterial and elastic energy at that Stress. It is the energy dissipated as heat in a material in onecycle of dynamic testing. Elastic hysteresis divided by elastic deformation energy isdamping capacity.Elastic Limit—Greatest Stress that can be applied to a material without causing permanentdeformation. For metals and other materials that have a significant straight line portion in theirStress/strain diagram, elastic limit is approximately equal to proportional limit. For materialsthat do not exhibit a significant proportional limit, elastic limit is an arbitrary approximation(the apparent elastic limit).Elastic Limit, Apparent—Arbitrary approximation of the elastic limit of materials that do nothave a significant straight line portion on a Stress/strain diagram. It is equal to the Stress atwhich the rate of strain is 50% greater than at zero Stress. It is the Stress at the point oftangency between the Stress-Elastic Hysteresis strain curve and the line having a slope, withrespect to the Stress axis, 50% greater than the slope of the curve at the origin. Elasticity—Ability of a material to return to its original shape when load causing deformationis removed.Elongation—Measure of the ductility of a material determined in a Tensile Test. It is theincrease in gage length (measured after rupture) divided by original gage length. Higherelongation indicates higher ductility. Elongation cannot be used to predict behavior of materialssubjected to sudden or repeated loading.Embrittlement—Reduction in ductility due to physical or chemical changes. Endurance—Alternate term for Fatigue Limit.Engineering Stress—Load applied to a specimen in a tension or compression test divided bythe cross-sectional area of the specimen. The change in cross-sectional area that occurs withincreases and decreases in applied load, is disregarded in computing engineering Stress. It isalso called conventional Stress.Extensometer—Instrument for measuring changes in linear dimensions. Also called a Straingauge. Frequently based on Strain gauge technology.Eye End—An adapter that fits to a load cell or machine, that enables grip or jigs to be attachedFFatigue—Permanent structural change that occurs in a material subjected to fluctuating Stressand strain. However, in the case of glass, fatigue is determined by long-term static testing andis analogous to Stress rupture in other materials. In general, fatigue failure can occur withStress levels below the elastic limit.Fatigue Life—Number of cycles of fluctuating Stress and strain of a specified nature that amaterial will sustain before failure occurs. Fatigue life is a function of the magnitude of thefluctuating Stress, geometry of the specimen and test conditions. An S-N diagram is a plot ofthe fatigue life at various levels of fluctuating Stress.Fatigue Limit—Maximum fluctuating Stress a material can endure for an infinite number ofcycles. It is usually determined from an S-N diagram and is equal to the Stress correspondingto the asymptote of the locus of points corresponding to the fatigue life of a number of fatiguetest specimens. An alternate term is endurance limit.Fatigue Notch Factor—Ratio of fatigue strength of a specimen with no stress concentration tofatigue strength of a specimen with a notch or other stress raisers. Fatigue notch factor isusually lower than the theoretical Stress Concentration Factor because of stress relief due toplastic deformation. An alternate term is strength reduction ratio.Fatigue Ratio—Ratio of fatigue strength or fatigue limit to tensile strength. For many materials,fatigue ratio may be used to estimate fatigue properties from data obtained in tension tests.Fatigue Strength—Magnitude of fluctuating Stress required to cause failure in a fatigue testspecimen after a specified number of cycles of loading. Usually determined directly from theS-N diagram.Fatigue Strength Reduction Factor—An alternate term for fatigue notch factor. Fatigue Test—A method for determining the behavior of materials under fluctuating loads. Aspecified mean load (which may be zero) and an alternating load are applied to a specimen andthe number of cycles required to produce failure (fatigue life) is recorded.Fiber Stress—Stress through a point in a part in which Stress distribution is not uniform.Flex Resistance—Ability of material to sustain repeated compressive loads without damage.Flexural Modulus of Elasticity—Alternate term for Modulus in Bending.Flexural Strength—Maximum fiber stress developed in a specimen just before it cracks orbreaks in a flexure test. Flexural Yield Strength is reported instead of flexural strength formaterials that do not crack in the flexure test. An alternate term is modulus of rupture.Flexure Test—Method for measuring behavior of materials subjected to simple beam loading.Specimen is supported on two knife edges as a simple beam and load is applied at its midpoint.Maximum fiber stress and maximum strain are calculated for increments of load. Results areplotted in a stress-strain diagram, and maximum fiber stress at failure is flexural strength.Flexural Yield Strength is reported for materials that do not crack.Flow Stress—Stress required to cause Plastic Deformation.Fracture Stress—True Stress generated in a material at fracture.Fracture Test—Visual test where a specimen is fractured and examined for grain size, casedepth, etc.Fracture Toughness—Ability of a material to resist crack propagation when subjected to shockload as in an Impact Test.Fractional melt index—A melt flow index of less than 1.0Flexural—Typically a compressive or tensile force designed to bend a sample that is supportedat either end。
材料英语证书考试PEC-材料导论词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-材料导论词汇AAbrasive.研磨剂｡一种硬质､耐磨材料(一般为陶瓷),用于研磨､碾碎或切割其他材料｡Absorption吸收｡一种光学现象,指光的光子能量由于电子极化或电子激发被某一种物质吸收｡Acceptor level.受主能级｡对于半导体或绝缘体,处于禁带底部的能级有可能接受价带的电子并留下空穴｡此类能级一般由杂质原子引入｡Activatioin energy (Q).激活能｡反应发生所需的能量,例如扩散激活能｡Activation polarization.活化极化｡一系列步骤中,进行最缓慢的步骤控制着电极反应速度的条件下造成的极化称为活化极化｡Addition (or chain reaction) polymerization.加聚作用(链式反应聚合)｡此过程中,两个具有不同功能的独立个体呈链状聚合在一起,形成线性聚合物大分子｡Adhesive.胶粘剂｡可以使两个物体(称为被粘物)的表面连接在一起的物质｡Age hardening. See Precipitation时效强化,见沉淀强化｡Allotropy.同素异形性｡一种物质(一般为基本固体)可能存在两种或者更多的晶体结构的现象｡Alloy.合金｡两种或多种元素组成的金属｡Alloy Steel.合金钢｡含有适当浓度合金元素(除了C和残余的Mn,Si,S和P)的铁(或铁基)合金｡这些合金元素的加入通常可以改善合金的力学性能和耐蚀性｡Alternating copolymer.交替共聚物｡两种不同单体沿分子链相间排列的共聚物｡Amorphous.无定形的｡(一种物质)具有非晶体结构｡Anelastic deformation.滞弹性变形｡具有时间依赖性的弹性(非永久性)变形｡Anion.负离子,阴离子｡负电量的,非金属离子｡Anisotropic.各向异性｡不同晶向上具有不同的性质｡Annealing.退火｡一类热处理术语,此类热处理可以改变材料组织和性能｡“退火”通常指使经过冷加工的金属发生再结晶而软化的热处理｡Annealing point (glass).退火温度(玻璃)｡使玻璃中的残余应力在约15分钟内消除的温度;此温度对应的玻璃粘度约为1012Pa·s(1013P)｡Anode.阳极｡电化电池或电偶中的发生氧化或丢失电子的电极｡Antiferromagnetism.反铁磁现象｡一些材料(如MnO)中,由于邻近的原子或离子自旋反向平行排列,导致磁矩完全消失,此种现象称为反铁磁现象｡宏观表现为固体没有净磁矩｡Artificial aging.人工时效｡为了进行析出强化,在室温以上进行的时效｡Atactic.无规则(共聚物)｡一种聚合物链结构,其侧基自由排列在链的一边或另一边｡Athermal transformation.非热转变｡一种非热激活,无扩散的反应,如马氏体转变｡通常,此类转变发生速度快(即与时间无关),反应程度由温度决定｡Atomic mass unit (amu).原子质量单位｡一种原子质量的度量标准,是C12原子质量的1/12｡Atomic number (Z).原子序数｡对于一种化学元素,其原子序数等于原子核中质子的数目｡Atomic packing factor (APF).原子填充因子｡“硬球”原子或离子占据晶胞的体积分数｡Atomic vibration.原子振动｡原子关于其在物体中正常位置振动,称为原子振动｡Atimic weight (A).原子量｡根据元素在自然存在的各同位素原子质量计算的平均值｡它可以表示为原子质量单位(以一个原子为基础)或者一摩尔原子的质量｡Atom percent (at%).原子百分比｡根据某一种元素的摩尔数(原子数)相对于合金中所有元素的摩尔数(原子数)计算得到的浓度比值｡Austenite.奥氏体｡具有面心立方晶体结构的铁或铁合金和合金钢｡Austenitizing.奥氏体化｡根据相图,在上临界温度以上,奥氏体温度区间内加热铁合金从而形成奥氏体的过程称为奥氏体化｡BBainite.贝氏体｡贝氏体是一些钢或铸铁中奥氏体化的产物,形成于珠光体和马氏体转变温度之间｡它的组织由α-铁素体和弥散的渗碳体组成｡Band gap energy(Eg).带隙能｡带隙能指在半导体和绝缘体中,价带和导带之间的能量;对于本征材料,电子不具有带隙能范围内的能量｡Bifunctional.双功能团｡双功能团指单一分子物体具有两个活性结合位置｡Block copolymer.块状共聚物｡块状共聚物指分子链上同一摩尔单元聚集成块状的线性共聚物｡Body-centered cubic (BCC).体心立方结构｡体心立方结构是一些基本金属中常见的晶体结构,它是指原子位于立方晶胞的顶点和体心上｡Bohr atomic model波尔原子模型｡波尔原子模型是一种早期的原子模型,此模型中原子围绕着原子核按固定的轨道旋转｡Bohr magneton (μB).波尔磁子｡波尔磁子是最基本的磁矩单位,为9.27×10-24A·m2｡Boltzmann’s constant (k).波尔兹曼常数｡波尔兹曼常数是一个热力学能量常数,其值为 1.38×10-23J/atom·K (8.62×10-5eV/atom·K). 见气体常数｡Bonding energy.结合能｡结合能指分离由化合键结合的两个原子所需的能量｡通常可以表示为每原子或每摩尔的结合能｡Bragg’s law.布拉格定律｡布拉格定律是指规定了一系列晶面发生衍射的条件的关系式(方程3.9)｡Branched polymer.分支聚合物｡分支聚合物指具有二次支链分子结构的聚合物,其二次支链是由一次主链扩展产生的｡Brass.黄铜,一种富含铜的铜锌合金｡Brazing.(硬)钎焊｡钎焊是一种利用熔点高于450℃(800℉)的合金钎料连接金属的技术｡Brittle fracture.脆性断裂｡脆性断裂是指断裂时裂纹快速扩展,没有发生明显的宏观变形｡Bronze.青铜｡青铜是一种富铜的铜锡合金;也存在铝､硅､和镍青铜｡Burgers vector (b).柏氏矢量｡柏氏矢量指表示位错引起的晶格变形程度和方向的矢量｡CCalcination.煅烧,焙烧,焙解｡焙解是指一高温反应,反应中一种固体材料分解为一种气体和另一种固体｡它是生产水泥的一个步骤｡Capacitance (C).电容｡电容是指电容器储存电量的能力,定义为两板上储存的电量与所加电压的比值｡Carbon-carbon composite.碳-碳复合材料｡碳-碳复合材料是一种由碳基体和嵌入其中的碳纤维组成的复合材料,其基体最初为聚合树枝,经过热解形成了碳｡Carburizing.渗碳｡渗碳是一种通过周围环境扩散导致铁合金表面碳浓度增加的工艺｡Case hardening.表面硬化｡表面硬化是指通过渗碳或渗碳对钢零件外表面进行硬化,通常用来改善零件的耐磨性和耐疲劳性｡Cast iron.铸铁｡通常,碳含量高于其在奥氏体中的最大固溶度(共晶温度时)的铁合金成为铸铁｡大多数商业铸铁的碳含量为3.0%~4.5%,硅含量为1%~3%｡Cathode.阴极｡阴极是指电化电池或电偶中发生还原反应的电极,因而此电极从外部电路吸收电子｡Cathodic protection.阴极保护｡阴极保护是一种防腐方法,此方法利用外部电源,例如电负性更大的金属或直流电源,向被保护的结构物提供电子来对其进行保护｡Cation.阳离子｡阳离子指带正电的金属离子｡Cement.水泥｡水泥(一般为陶瓷)是一种通过化学反应将颗粒聚集物结合在一起的粘性物质｡水硬性水泥和水在一起会发生水合反应｡Cementite.渗碳体｡Ceramic.陶瓷｡陶瓷是一种由金属和非金属元素组成的化合物,其原子间的结合键主要是离子键｡Ceramic-matrix composite (CMC).陶瓷基复合材料｡陶瓷基复合材料是一种基体和弥散强化相均为陶瓷材料的复合材料｡弥散相一般用来改善材料的断裂韧性｡Cermet.金属陶瓷｡金属陶瓷是一种陶瓷和金属结合的复合材料｡最常见的金属陶瓷有烧结碳化物,它由及其坚硬的陶瓷(如,WC,TiC),和塑性良好的金属(Co或Ni)结合而成｡Chain-folded model.链摺叠模型｡链摺叠模型是一种研究结晶性聚合物的模型,它描述了片状微晶的组织结构｡在微晶面上分子通过链摺叠方式进行排列｡Charpy test.夏比试验(单梁冲击试验)｡夏比试验是两种测量标准冲击试样的冲击能或冲击韧性的测试方法之一(另一个为埃左试验)｡此试验通过受力的摆向标准试样施加冲击作用｡Cis.顺式｡顺式表示了聚合物的一类分子结构｡对于一摩尔单元中不饱和的碳链原子,侧边原子或侧群可能位于链的一侧或直接位于旋转180º的反向位置｡顺式结构中相同摩尔数的两个侧群位于同一侧(如顺式异戊二烯)｡Coarse pearlite.粗晶粒珠光体｡粗晶粒珠光体是指相互交替的铁素体和渗碳体层比较厚的珠光体｡Coervivity (or coercive .eld, H c).矫顽力｡矫顽力是指磁化的铁磁材料或铁氧磁材料的磁感应强度降至零所需的磁场强度｡Cold working.冷加工｡冷加工是指使金属在低于再结晶温度下发生塑性变形的工艺｡Color.彩色｡彩色是指由射入眼睛的光的各种波长刺激产生的视觉感｡Colorant.着色剂｡着色剂是一种使颜料附着在聚合物上的添加剂｡Component.成分｡成分是指合金的化学组分(元素或化合物),它通常说明了合金的元素组成｡Composition (C i).成分｡合金中特定元素或组元的相对含量,通常用重量百分比或原子百分比来表示｡Concentration.浓度｡同上｡Concentration gradient (dC/dx).浓度梯度｡浓度梯度是指具体位置上浓度分布的斜率｡Concentration polarization.浓度极化｡浓度极化是指电化学反应速率受到溶体中扩散速率限制的情况｡Concentration proile.浓度分布曲线.｡浓度分布曲线是指根据化学物的浓度对应其在材料中的位置描绘的曲线｡Concrete.混凝土｡混凝土是一种由聚集在一起的颗粒和水泥结合在一起的复合材料｡Condensation (or step reaction) polymerization.缩聚合作用(逐步反应聚合作用)｡缩聚合作用是指通过分子间反应形成聚合物分子,此反应中包含至少两类分子,通常生成小分子量的副产物,例如水｡Conduction band.导带｡对于绝缘体和半导体,最底部的电子能带在0K时没有电子｡导电载流子是指那些导带中处于激发态的电子｡Conductivity, electrical (ρ).导电系数｡导电系数是指电流强度和所施加的电场之间的比例常数,也是一种导电材料导电能力的度量｡Congruent transformation.等成分变化｡等成分变化是指一相转变为成分相同的另一相｡Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram.连续冷却转变图｡连续冷却转变图是指确定成分的钢合金的温度随时间的对数变化的图｡此图通常用来说明初始为奥氏体化材料以一定的速率连续冷却过程中何时发生转变,此外,此图可用来预测最终的组织和力学性能｡Coordination number.配位数｡配位数是指原子(或离子)最近邻的原子(或离子)数｡Copolymer.共聚物｡共聚物是指含有两个或两个以上不同摩尔数的单体沿着分子链结合在一起的聚合物｡Corrosion.腐蚀｡腐蚀是指金属由于环境的溶解反应而变质｡Corrosion fatigue.腐蚀疲劳｡腐蚀疲劳是一种由于循环应力和化学侵蚀共同作用导致的疲劳｡Corrosion penetration rate (CPR).腐蚀速率｡腐蚀速率是指材料受腐蚀后,单位时间内厚度的损失,通常表示为“毫米/年”｡Coulombic force.库仑力｡库仑力指带电粒子(例如离子)之间的力,当粒子电性相反时相互吸引｡Covalent bond.共价键｡共价键是一种主要的原子间的结合键,它由于相邻原子间共用电子而产生｡Creep.蠕变｡蠕变是指应力下材料发生的依赖于时间的永久变形｡对于大部分材料来说,蠕变指由在高温下才十分重要｡Crevice corrosion.隙间腐蚀｡隙间腐蚀是指发生在狭窄缝隙中和污垢或腐蚀产物(即溶体中局部贫氧的区域)沉积层下的一类腐蚀｡Critical resolved shear stress (σcrss).临界分剪切应力｡临界剪切应力是指剪切应力在滑移面和滑移方向上的分应力,用来使滑移开动｡Crosslinked polymer.交联聚合物｡交联聚合物是指相邻的线性分子链在各种位置通过共价键结合在一起的聚合物｡Crystalline.晶态｡晶态是指固体材料的原子,离子或分子作周期性重复三维排列的状态｡Crystallinity.结晶度｡结晶度是指对于聚合物通过分子链排列达到一个原子作周期性重复排列的状态｡Crystallite.微晶｡微晶是指结晶聚合物中分子链有序排列的区域｡Crystal structure.晶体结构｡晶体结构是指晶体材料中原子或离子空间排列的方式｡它是根据单胞几何和单胞中原子所在位置来定义的｡Crystal system.晶系｡晶系是指晶体结构根据单胞几何进行的分类系统｡单胞几何是根据棱长和轴间角度之间的关系确定的,共有7个晶系｡Curie temperature (T c).居里温度｡居里温度是指铁磁或铁氧次材料变为顺磁性的最低临界温度｡DDefect structure.缺陷结构｡缺陷结构是指陶瓷化合物中和空位及间隙原子的种类､浓度相关的组织｡Degradation.退化｡退化表示了高分子材料中发生的恶化过程｡这些过程包括隆起､溶解和链裂变｡Degree of polymerization.聚合度｡聚合度是指每个聚合物分子中平均的单体摩尔数｡Design stress (σd).设计应力｡设计应力是指根据计算得到的应力水平(根据估计的最大载荷计算)和设计因子(其值大于1)得到的应力结果｡通常用来防止发生意料之外的断裂｡Devitrication.玻璃析晶｡玻璃析晶是指玻璃(非晶或玻璃质固体)转变为晶体的过程｡Diamagnetism.逆磁性｡逆磁性是一种感应磁性或非永久磁性微弱的形式,此时磁化率为负值｡Dielectric.电介质｡电介质是一种电绝缘的材料｡Dielectric constant (εr).介电常数｡介电常数是指介质的电容率与真空度的比值,一般称为相对介电常数或相对电容率｡Dielectric displacement (D).电位移｡电位移是指电容板单位面积上的电量｡Dielectric (breakdown)strength.介电(击穿)强度｡介电强度是指大强度电流通过介电材料所需的电场强度｡Diffraction (x-ray).(x射线)衍射｡x射线衍射是指由于晶体中原子对x射线速的散射而发生的相长干涉｡Diffusion.扩散｡扩散是指原子迁移发生的质量传输｡Diffusion coefficient (D).扩散系数｡扩散系数是指菲克第一定律中扩散通量和浓度梯度之间的比例常数,其值表示了原子的扩散速率｡Diffusion flux (J).扩散通量｡扩散通量表示了单位时间扩散通过材料单位横截面积的物质的量｡Diode.二极管｡二极管是一种整流设备,即只允许电流沿一个方向运动｡Dipole (electric).(电)偶极子｡电偶极子是指分开一定距离的一对等量异号点电荷｡Dislocation.位错｡位错是一类晶体中的线缺陷,其周围的原子发生错排｡塑性变形是由于在剪切应力下发生位错运动的结果｡位错包括刃型位错､螺位错和混合位错｡Dislocation density.位错密度｡位错密度可以表示为材料中单位体积中总的位错长度,也可以是通过自由截面内单位面积的位错数｡Dislocation line.位错线｡刃型位错的位错线是指多余半原子面与未滑移区域相交的线,螺型位错的位错线是指螺旋的中心线｡Dispersed phase.弥散相｡弥散相是指复合材料或两相合金中被基体相包围的不连续相｡Dispersion strengthening.弥散强化｡弥散强化是一种材料的强化方法,它通过将十分细小(通常小于0.1µm)的硬质､惰性颗粒弥散分布在承受载荷的基体相中来进行材料强化｡Domain.(磁)畴｡磁畴是指铁磁或铁氧磁材料中所有原子或离子的磁矩沿一个方向排列的区域｡Donor level.施主能级｡施主能级是指半导体或绝缘体中位于禁带顶部的能级,此能级的电子可以被激发至导带,它一般会被引入杂质原子｡Doping.掺杂｡掺杂是指通过控制施主或受主杂质来对半导体材料进行有目的性的合金化｡Drawing (metals).拉拔(金属)｡拉拔是一种制备金属线材或管材的成形工艺｡拉拔通过在出料一侧施加拉力将材料从模具中拉出而发生变形｡Drawing (polymers).牵伸(聚合物)｡牵伸是一种通过拉伸聚合物纤维来对其进行强化的工艺｡Driving force.驱动力｡驱动力是指反应(扩散､晶粒长大或相变)进行的推动力｡这些反应通常伴随着某种能量(如自由能)的降低｡Ductile fracture.韧性断裂｡韧性断裂是一种伴随有大量塑性变形的断裂模式｡Ductile iron.延性铁｡延性铁是指通过硅和低浓度的锰或铈进行合金化的铸铁,其中自由石墨以粒状形式存在,故有时延性铁也被称为球墨铸铁｡Ductile-to-brittle transition.延性-脆性转变｡延性-脆性转变是指面心立方合金随着温度的降低由延性向脆性的转变｡可通过夏比测试和埃左测试确定转变发生的温度范围｡Ductility.延展性｡延展性是材料在发生断裂之前承受塑性变形的能力的度量,可以通过拉伸测试获得的延伸率(%EL)或断面收缩率(%RA)来表示｡EEdge dislocation.刃型位错｡刃型位错是一种线性的晶体缺陷,同时在半原子面周围会产生晶格的畸变｡柏氏矢量垂直于位错线｡Elastic deformation.弹性变形｡弹性变形是非永久性变形,即应力释放后会完全回复｡Elastic recovery.弹性回复｡弹性回复是指卸载后非永久性变形发生回复到未变形的状态｡Elastomer.高弹性聚合物｡高弹性聚合物是产生大且可逆的弹性变形的聚合物｡Electrical conductivity.导电性｡见Conductivity (electrical).Electric dipole.电偶极子｡见Dipole (electric).Electric field (E).电场｡电场指电压梯度｡Electroluminescence.电致发光｡电致发光是指向p-n施加正向偏压进而发出可见光的现象｡Electrolyte.电解液｡电解液是一种溶液,在这种溶液中离子的运动可以承载电流｡Electromotive force (emf) series.电动势系｡电动势系是一种根据金属元素的标准电动势进行的分类｡Electron configuration.电子组态｡电子组态是指一个原子,可能存在的电子排布方式｡Electronegative.电负性｡电负性是指一个原子接收价电子的能力,也可用于描述非金属元素｡Electron energy band.电子能带｡电子能带是指一系列电子能态,他们根据能量而紧密的分布｡Electroneutrality.电中性｡电中性表示了一种正电量与负电量(离子或电子)相同的状态｡Electron state (level).电子态｡电子态是指电子可以具有的不连续且量子化的能量,原子的每一个电子态都是由4个量子数确定｡Electron volt (eV).电子伏特｡电子伏特是一种方便表示原子和亚原子能量的单位｡它相当于电子通过1伏特电势所需的能量｡Electropositive.正电性｡正电性是指一个原子失去电子的趋势,它可用来描述金属元素｡Endurance limit.疲劳极限｡见Fatigue limit.Energy band gap.禁带｡见Band gap energy.Engineering strain.工程应变｡见Strain (engineering).Engineering stress.工程应力｡Stress (engineering).Equilibrium (phase).平衡(相)｡平衡是指相的特征在一个不确定的时间内保持恒定的状态｡平衡态时体系自由能最低｡Erosion-corrosion.冲蚀腐蚀｡冲蚀腐蚀是一种结合了化学侵蚀和机械磨损的腐蚀形式｡Eutectic phase.共晶相｡共晶相是指共晶组织中的一相｡Eutectic reaction.共晶反应｡共晶反应是一种冷却过程中,液相等温转变为两种紧密混合的固相的可逆反应｡Eutectic structure.共晶组织｡共晶组织是指共晶成分的液相凝固产生的两相组织,两个共晶相呈层片状交替存在｡Eutectoid reaction.共析反应｡共析反应是一种冷却过程中,一固相等温转变为两种紧密混合的新固相的可逆反应｡Excited state.激发态｡激发态是一种通常不被电子占据的电子能态,当电子吸收一些能量(例如热能､辐射能)后会(从低能态)跃迁到激发态｡Extrinsic semiconductor.含杂质半导体｡含杂质半导体是指由杂质确定电子性能的半导体材料｡Extrusion.挤压｡挤压是一种向坯料上施加压力使之通过模具内孔的成形方法｡FFace-centered cubic (FCC).面心立方｡面心立方是一种金属中常见的晶体结构,此类单胞内,原子位于各个顶点和各面的中心｡Fatigue.疲劳｡疲劳是指在较低的应力情况下,材料受到了波动的循环应力而断裂｡Fatigue life (N f).疲劳寿命｡疲劳寿命是指在某一特定的应力幅度下,导致材料断裂总的应力循环次数｡Fatigue limit.疲劳极限｡疲劳极限是指材料承受无数次应力循环而不发生疲劳的最大应力幅度｡Fatigue strength.疲劳强度｡疲劳强度是指应力循环次数确定的情况下,材料不发生断裂而能承受的最大应力｡Fermi energy (E f).费米能｡费米能是指一金属在0K时,最高填充的电子态所对应的能量｡Ferrimagnetism.亚铁磁体｡亚铁磁体是指一些陶瓷材料具有的永久的,很高的磁化强度｡亚铁磁体是由于电子反自旋和磁矩的不完全抵消产生的｡Ferrite (ceramic).铁素体(陶瓷)｡铁素体(陶瓷)是陶瓷氧化物,它是由二价和三价的正离子(如Fe2+和Fe3+)组成的｡有一些铁素体陶瓷史亚铁磁体｡Ferrite (iron).铁素体(铸铁)｡铁素体(铸铁)是体心立方结构的铸铁,同时也包括具有体心立方结构的铸铁合金和钢合金｡Ferroelectric.铁电性｡铁电性是指电介质材料在没有电场的情况下可能发生极化的性质｡Ferromagnetism.铁磁性｡铁磁性是指一些材料(如Fe, Ni和Co)由于相邻磁矩的平行排列而具有的永久的高磁性,Ferrous alloy.铁合金｡铁合金是一种铁为主要元素的金属合金｡Fiber.纤维｡纤维是指任何被拉成细长丝状的聚合物､金属或陶瓷｡Fiber-reinforced composite.纤维增强复合材料｡纤维增强复合材料是指弥散强化相呈纤维状(即具有极大的长径比的丝状)的复合材料｡Fiber reinforcement.纤维增强｡纤维增强是指将强度较高的纤维相嵌入强度较低的基体相来进行强化｡Fick’s first law.菲克第一定律｡菲克第一定律是指扩散通量和浓度梯度成比例｡此定律适用于稳态扩散｡Fick’s second law.菲克第二定律｡菲克第二定律是指浓度随时间的变化率和浓度的二阶导数成比例｡此定律适用于非稳态扩散｡Filler.填充物｡填充物是一种惰性物质,以其为添加物可改善聚合物的性能｡Fine pearlite.细片状珠光体｡细片状珠光体是指交替存在的铁素体和渗碳体层片很细的珠光体｡Firing.烧火｡烧火是一种用来增加陶瓷片密度和强度的高温热处理工艺｡Flame retardant.耐燃剂｡耐燃剂是一种提高耐燃能力的高分子添加剂｡Flexural strength (σfs).抗弯强度｡抗弯强度是指弯曲试验中材料断裂时的应力｡Fluorescence.荧光｡荧光是指电子激发时时间不到1秒的发光｡Foam.泡沫塑料｡泡沫塑料是一种通过加入气泡制成的多孔(或海绵状)的聚合物, Forging.锻造｡锻造是一种对金属进行加热和锤打的机械成形工艺｡Forward bias.正向偏压｡正向偏压是指向p-n整流器施加的偏压,使电子流向n端｡Fracture mechanics.断裂力学｡断裂力学是一种断裂分析方法,它可以用来确定已知尺寸的原有裂纹传播并导致断裂的应力水平｡Fracture toughness (K c) .断裂韧性｡断裂韧性是指裂纹扩展所需的临界应力强度因子｡Free electron.自由电子｡自由电子是指被激发跃迁到费米能以上(对于半导体和绝缘体是跃迁入导带)并可能参加导电过程的电子｡Free energy.自由能｡自由能是一个热力学参量,它是体系内能和熵(或自由度)的函数｡平衡态时,自由能最低｡Frenkel defect.弗兰克尔缺陷｡弗兰克尔缺陷是指离子固体中的阳离子-空位对和阳离子-间隙原子对｡Full annealing.完全退火｡完全退火是指铁合金缓慢冷却至室温过程中的奥氏体化｡GGalvanic corrosion.电化腐蚀｡电化腐蚀是指两种形成电偶得金属接触到电解液,化学性质比较活泼的金属失去电子被氧化而引起的腐蚀｡Galvanic series.电动势序｡电动势序是关于金属和合金在海水中的电化学活性的排序｡Gas constant (R).气体常数｡气体常数是指每摩尔原子的玻尔兹曼常数｡R=8.31J/(mol·k)(1.987cal/(mol·k))｡Gibbs phase rule.吉布斯相律｡吉布斯相律是一个方程,它在平衡体系中表示了相数和外界控制变量的关系｡Glass-ceramic.玻璃陶瓷｡玻璃陶瓷是一种细晶陶瓷,它通过首先形成玻璃,然后析晶(晶化)来形成｡Glass transition temperature (T g).玻璃转变温度｡玻璃转变温度是指在冷却过程中,非晶陶瓷或聚合物从过冷液体向刚性玻璃转变的临界温度｡Graft copolymer.接枝共聚物｡接枝共聚物是指一种基体类型的同聚物侧枝嫁接到另一种基体类新的同聚物主链上形成的共聚物｡Grain.晶粒｡晶粒是指多晶金属或陶瓷中的一个独立晶体｡Grain boundary.晶界｡晶界是指分离两个具有不同晶向取向的晶粒的界面｡Grain growth.晶粒长大｡晶粒长大是指多晶材料平均晶粒尺寸的增大｡对于大多数材料晶粒长大需要高温热处理｡Grain size.晶粒尺寸｡晶粒尺寸是通过自由横截面法确定的平均晶粒直径｡。
PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料特性术语
PEC材料工程英语证书考试-材料特性术语DensityUnits: SI: Mg/m3; cgs: g/cm3; Imperial: lb/ft3The density is the weight per unit volume. We measure it today as Archimedes did: by weighing the material in air and in a fluid of known density.Atomic VolumeUnits: SI: m3/kmol; cgs: 106cm3/kmol; Imperial: in3/kmolThe atomic (or molecular) volume Vm is the average volume per 103N0 of atoms in the structure, where N0 is Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023/mol). For a pure element, it is simply:where A is the atomic weight in kg/kmol and r is the density in kg/m3. For compounds the average atomic volume iswhere M is the molecular weight and n is the number of atoms in the molecule. Thus for a compound with the formula AxBy it iswhere AA is the atomic weight of element A, and AB is the atomic weight of element B. For a polymer (CxHyOz)n it is thereforewhere AC is the atomic weight of carbon, and so on. The atomic volume is involved in many property correlations (and thus is crucial for checking and estimating properties) and, together with the density, it gives the atomic weight.Energy ContentUnits: SI: MJ/kg; cgs: kcal/g; Imperial: kcal/lbThe energy content of a material is an approximate estimate of the energy used to make it from its naturally-occurring ores, feed stocks or sources, plus the energy content of the source material itself. (Usually the energy content of the source material is small, except, for example, when the source is oil.) Thus the energy content of Aluminium is dominated by the electric power absorbed in its extraction from Bauxite; that for polymers, for which the feed stock is crude oil is the energycontained in the oil itself plus that of the subsequent processing; and that for wood is the energy content of wood plus the energy required to harvest it.Young's ModulusUnits: SI: GPa; cgs: 1010dyne/cm2; Imperial: 106psiYoung's modulus, E, is the slope of the initial, linear-elastic part of the stress-strain curve in tension or compression. For isotropic materials it is related to the bulk modulus K and to the shear modulus G bywhere n is Poisson's ratio. Commonly n = 1/3, and hence E = K, and E = (8/3)G.Bulk ModulusUnits: SI: GPa; cgs: 1010dyne/cm2; Imperial: 106psiThe bulk modulus, K, measures the elastic response to hydrostatic pressure, p:where v is the volume. For isotropic solids it is related to Young's modulus E and to the shear modulus G bywhere n is Poisson's ratio. When n = 1/3, E = K, and K = (8/3)G.Shear ModulusUnits: SI: GPa; cgs: 1010dyne/cm2; Imperial: 106psiThe shear modulus is the initial, linear elastic slope of the stress-strain curve in shear. For isotropic materials it is related to Young's modulus E and to the bulk modulus K and Poisson's ratio byWhen n = 1/3, G = (3/8)E, and G = (3/8)K.Poissons RatioUnits: DimensionlessPoisson's ratio n is the negative of the ratio of the lateral strain to uniaxial strain, in axial loading.Its value for many solids, is close to 1/3. For elastomers it is just under 0.5.Elastic Limit/Yield StrengthUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiThe 'elastic limit' sel, of a solid requires careful definition.For metals, the elastic limit is defined as the 0.2% offset yield strength. This represents the stress at which the stress-strain curve for uniaxial tensile loading deviates by a strain of 0.2% from the linear-elastic line. It is the same in tension and compression. It is the stress at which dislocations move large distance through the crystals of the metal.For polymers, the elastic limit is the stress at which the uniaxial stress-strain curve becomes markedly nonlinear: typically, a strain of 1%. This may be caused by 'shear yielding' (irreversible slipping of molecular chains) or by 'crazing' (formation of low density, crack-like volumes which scatter light, making the polymer look white).For fine ceramics and glasses, the database entry for the elastic limit is an estimate, based on the tensile strength (which is low due to brittle fracture). When based on direct measurements at high pressures, or on hardness measurements, of the stress required to cause plastic flow, it is very high: higher than the compressive strength, which is lowered by crushing.For composites, the elastic limit is best defined by a set deviation from linear-elastic uniaxial behaviour: 0.5% is taken in the database.Elastic limit depends on the mode of loading. For modes of loading other than uniaxial tension, such as shear and multiaxial loading, the strength is related to that in simple tension by a yield function. For metals, the V on Mises yield function works well. It specifies the relationship between the principal stresses s1, s2, s3 and the yield strength sy(elastic limit):The Tresca function is sometimes more convenient, because it is less complicated:For ceramics, a Coulomb flow law is used:Tensile StrengthUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiThe Tensile strength is the nominal stress at which a round bar of the material, loaded in tension separates. For brittle solids: ceramics, glasses and brittle polymers—it is much less than the compressive elastic limit. For metals, ductile polymers and most composites—it is larger than the yield strength by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 3.Compressive StrengthUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiFor metals, the compressive strength is the same as the tensile yield strength.Polymers are approximately 20% stronger in compression than in tension.In Ceramics, compressive strength sc is governed by crushing and is much larger than the tensile strength st. TypicallyComposites which contain fibres (including natural composites like wood) are a little weaker (up to 30%) in compression than tension because the fibres buckle.DuctilityUnits: Dimensionless (strain)The tensile ductility is the permanent increase in length of a tensile specimen before fracture, expressed as a fraction of the original gauge length.HardnessUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiThe hardness of a material is measured by pressing a pointed diamond or hardened steel ball into its surface. The hardness H is defined as the indenter force divided by the projected area of the indent. It can be shown that the hardness is related to the yield strength sy of ductile materials by H = 3 sy.Many ceramics, and even glasses, are ductile under small indents, allowing the yield strength in compression (elastic limit) to be inferred from hardness tests.Modulus of RuptureUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiWhen the material is difficult to grip (as is a ceramic), its strength can be measured in bending. The modulus of rupture (MOR) is the maximum surface stress in a bent beam at the instant of failure. One might expect this to be exactly the same as the strength measured in tension, but it is always larger (by a factor of about 1.3) because the volume subjected to this maximum stress is small, and the probability of a large flaw lying in the highly stressed region is also small. (In tension all flaws see the maximum stress.)The MOR strictly only applies to brittle materials. For ductile materials, the MOR entry in the database is the ultimate strength.Fracture ToughnessUnits: SI: MPa.m1/2; cgs: 108 dyne/cm3/2; Imperial ksi.in1/2The fracture toughness Kc, is a measure of the resistance of a material to the propagation of a crack. It can be measured by loading a sample containing a deliberately-introduced crack of length 2c and then recording the tensile stress s at which the crack propagates. Fracture toughness is then calculated fromwhere Y is a geometric factor, near unity, which depends on details of the sample geometry. Measured in this way, Kchas well defined values for brittle materials (ceramic, glasses, many polymers and low toughness metals like cast iron).In ductile materials, a plastic zone develops at the crack tip, which introduces new features into the way cracks propagate. This necessitates more complex characterisation. Nevertheless, values for Kc are cited and are useful as a way of ranking materials.Endurance LimitUnits: SI: MPa; cgs: 107dyne/cm2; Imperial: 103psiThe endurance limit is defined as the maximum applied cyclic stress amplitude for an 'infinite' fatigue life. Generally 'infinite' life means more than 107 cycles to failure.Loss-CoefficientUnits: DimensionlessThe loss-coefficient measures the degree to which a material dissipates vibrational energy. If a material is loaded elastically to a stress smax, it stores elastic energyper unit volume. If it is loaded and then unloaded, it dissipates energy equivalent to the area of the stress-strain hysteresis loop:The loss coefficient h is defined asThe cycle can be applied in many different ways—some fast, some slow. The value of h usually depends on the time-scale or frequency of cycling.TemperaturesUnits: SI: K; cgs: K; Imperial: °RThe Melting temperature, TmThe temperature at which a material turns suddenly from solid to liquid. The melting temperature of an alloy is usually less than the melting temperature of the parent metals.The Glass temperature, TgA property of non-crystalline solids which do not have a sharp melting point. It characterises the transition from true solid to viscous liquid in these materials.Thermal ConductivityUnits: SI: W/m.K; cgs: cal/cm.s.K; Imperial: Btu/h.ft.FThe rate at which heat is conducted through a solid at 'steady state' (meaning that the temperature profile does not change with time) is governed by the thermal conductivity l. It is measured by recording the heat flux J (W/m²) flowing from surface at temperature T1 to one at T2 in the material, separated by a distance X:In practice, the measurement is not easy (particularly for materials with low conductivities), but reliable data are now generally available.Specific HeatUnits: SI: J/kg.K; cgs: cal/g.K; Imperial: Btu/lb.FCp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It specifies the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1°C (K). It is measured by the standard technique of calorimetry.Thermal Expansion CoefficientUnits: SI: 10-6/K; cgs: 10-6/K; Imperial: 10-6/FMost materials expand when they are heated. The linear thermal expansion coefficient a is the thermal strain per degree K.If the material is thermally isotropic, the volumetric expansion per degree is 3a. If it is anisotropic, two or more coefficients are required and the volumetric expansion is the sum of the principal thermal strains.Latent Heat of FusionUnits: SI: kJ/kg; cgs: cal/g; Imperial: Btu/lbThe latent heat of fusion, Lm, is the heat absorbed by a crystalline solid on melting; the heat is absorbed at constant temperature (the melting temperature), Tm. Amorphous solids (including many polymers) do not have a sharp melting point. When these pass from a solid state to one which is fluid they do so over a wide temperature range, centred roughly about the glass temperature Tg. It is then not appropriate to define a latent heat of melting.ResistivityUnits: SI: 10-8W.m; cgs: 10-6W.cm; Imperial: 10-8W.mThe resistivity R is the resistance of a unit cube with unit potential difference between a pair of faces. It varies over an immense range: from a little more than 1 in units of 10-8W.m (which are the same as mWcm) for good conductors, to more than 1024 in the same units, for the best insulators.Dielectric ConstantUnits: DimensionlessWhen a material (such as that used in a capacitor) is placed in an electric field, it becomes polarised and charges appear at its surfaces which tend to screen the interior from the external field. The tendency to polarise is measured by the dielectric constant.Power FactorUnits: DimensionlessPolarisation involves the movement of charged particles (electrons, ions or molecules which carry a dipole moment). In an oscillating external field, the charged particles move between two alternative configurations, and in doing so they dissipate energy. The energy lost in this way is measured by the power factor, which, for our purposes, can be thought of as the dielectric constant times the 'loss tangent'.Breakdown PotentialUnits: SI: 106 V/m; cgs: V/cm; Imperial: V/milIf the potential gradient becomes too steep, normal conduction is replaced by electrical breakdown: a catastrophic electron-cascade, usually causing permanent damage. The breakdown potential-gradient is the material property that characterises this effect.。
材料英语证书考试（PEC）-材料处理词汇
材料英语证书考试（PEC）-材料处理词汇材料英语证书考试(PEC)-材料处理词汇Bag molding: A process in which plastics are molded into curved shapes by applying fluid pressure through a flexible cover that forces the material to be molded against a rigid die.Co extrusion blow molding: A process for the extrusion of multilayer products using extruded multilayer tube (parison) material centered in the mold. The mold is closed and gas pressure is used to expand the parison to fit the mold cavity.Composite: A material or materials system composed of a mixture or combination of two or more micro constituents or macro constituents that differ in form and chemical composition.Compression Molding: The compression molding process uses matched steel molds to compress a weighed "charge" of sheet molding compound into a new and specific shape.Ditactic polymer: A polymer that contains two sites of stereoisomerisms in the main chain of the configurational base unit.Elastoplastic: An elastomer that contains transient cross links, unlike most elastomers; it softens when heated for processing and becomes solid yet maintains its elastic behavior upon cooling. Elastoplastics are derived from polyolefin's, polyurethane, polyesters and styrene copolymers.Elastoplasticity: The state exhibited by a material that has deformed both elastically and plastically.Extrusion blow molding: A method of processing polymers in the form of an open-end tub surrounded by a mold. The tube is used to increase air pressure to expand the material to fit the mold.Fiberglass: Used to reinforce and/or strengthen plastics.Hydro plasticity: The occurrence of plastic behavior.Injection molding: A process where molten plastic is injected into a mold. About 60% of all plastics processing machines are injection molding types.LPMC?: A low pressure molding compound, similar to sheet molding compound (SMC), but is moldable at pressures around 100 lbs/psi.Micro moulding: An emerging technology that takes injection molding technology down to a smaller scale.Mold 24i: is a new material-evaluation feature that uses the press as a tool to gauge melt viscosity and determine operating temperatures, pressures and velocities.Mold: A hollow form into which molten plastic is poured to form a designed shape when the material cools.Plastic anisotropy: V ariations in directions in the resistance of a material to plastic deformation.Plastic deformation: The permanent deformation arising from the relative displacement of atoms or molecules.Plastic Zone: A heavily plastically deformed region in a material, generally adjacent to the tip of a crack that can cause crack-tip blunting.Plasticity: Fact of being plastic.Plasticization: A process used to lower glass transition temperature; to improve the flexibility of certain polymers, allowing them to remain flexible well below the glass transition temperature of unplasticized materials.Elasticized: A material that is capable of imparting flexibility to nonplastic material.Plasticorder: Instrument that measures the temperature,viscosity and shear-rate relationships of a plastic substance to determine its eventual behavior.Plasticoviscosity: Material whose rate of plastic deformation when subjected to stresses exceeding the yield stress is a linear function of the applied stresses.Plastics: Materials of high molecular weight that consist primarily of synthetic polymers or condensates which can be shaped by flow into objects of diverse shapes and sizes.Plastisol: Dispersion of resin in a plasticicizer that gels when heated.Polystyrene acrylonitrile resin: A tough thermoplastic copolymer with excellent resistance to acids, banes and a few solvents.Polyurethane Foam: A flexible or rigid cellular substance that is created through the reaction of a polyester with a diisocyanate, used primarily for insulation or padding.Ram-fed injection molding: A high pressure injection molding process that utilizes a ram to force the molten plastic into a mold.Reciprocating-screw molding machine: An apparatus used in polymer processing in which pelletsof a plastic are fed, compacted, melted and then forced into a mold cavity by means of a plunger.SAAM (Self Aligning Actuating Mold): A low pressure, portable, turn-key. production molding system that requires no special site preparation.Sandwich molding: A process by which a skin core structure, typically of two different polymers, is produced in a twin injection process.Segmented polymer: Any of a class of thermoplasticelastomers derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids, polyalkylene-ether glycols and short-chain diols; used for injection molded parts for footwear and automobiles and for wire coating, pressure sensitive adhesive, belts and hoses.SMC (Sheet Molding Compound): A fiberglass reinforced composite material produced in a "sheet" format.Specific modules: The modules of elasticity divided by the density.Spectroscope: A device that can be used to identify the chemical composite of plastic waste containers and scraps.Stress plastic: Show the stress lines in plastic using polarized light.Stretch blow molding: A thermoplastic forming process in which an extruded or injection molded parison is stretched axially at a temperature close to its softening temperature and blow, either simultaneously or in two stages, to produce a final product of desired dimensions.Styrene plastic: A plastic compound of polymerized styrene or copolymers containing styrene.Styrene acrylonitrile resin: A solid thermoplastic copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile that resists scratching, chemicals and stress.Styrofoam: A form of polystyrene foams that is used in insulating materials, ice chests, drinking cups and flotation devices.Superplasticity: The ability of a material to deform uniformly by an exceptionally large amount, usually at elevated temperatures.Superpolymer: An extensive setting up of cross links between molecular chains, resulting in an infusible polymer suchas in a thermosetting resin.Symmetric laminates: Laminated fibrous composites with symmetrical stacking sequences for each ply above the midplane and there is a ply identical in composition and orientation at an equal distance below the midplane.Synthetic polymer: A polymer that is manmade, such as plastics, elastomers and adhesive.Thermoplastic recording: A form of recording in which the information is permanently impressed on plastic tape.Thermoplastic: A group of polymers or relating to textile fibers and resin that can be easily softened on heating at high temperature; all synthetic fibers are thermoplastic.Twin-screw compounding system: A system for mixing polymers with additives such as pigments, lubricants, stabilizers, cross-linking agents and plasticizers.Twinning deformation: A plastic deformation process in which atoms are displaced to form a mirror image of the underformed region.V acuum forming: Plastic sheet forming in which a thermoplastic sheet is clamped to a holder and then heated and drawn into the mold by a vacuum.。
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-金属材料成型词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-金属材料成型词汇plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号)shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣品质人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告3B 3B 模具正式投产前确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality function deployment 品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最後一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂品质AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂品质Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S IV Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水准等级P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制R Range 全距AR Averary Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR Gauge Reproducibility&Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它品质术语类QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 品质改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低品质水准RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可QAN Quality Amelionrate Notice 品质改善活动ADM Absolute Dimension Measuremat 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 品质目标7QCTools 7 Quality Controll Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供应商)ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Specification In Process 制程检验规格SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 品质系统ES Engineering Standarization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)P Painting 烤漆(厂)I Intel 英特尔公司T TAIWAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manafacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处)QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Labratry 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Asssembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人电脑外设PC Personal Computer 个人电脑CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hongkong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic of China 中国大陆U.S.A the United States of America 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量VS 以及REV Revision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK Ok 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electry-static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光碟CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只读光碟FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软碟机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CA V Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算机辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度TYP Type 类型WDR Weekly Delivery Requitement 周出货需求C?T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间)S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3C Computer,Commumcation,Consumer electronic's 消费性电子5WIH When,Where,Who,What,Why,How to5M Man,Machine,Material,Method,Measurement4MIH Man,Materia,Money,Method,Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证DQA Desigh Quality Assurance 设计品质保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造品质保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务品质保证LRR Lot Rejeet Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic Magnetion Inspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency Modulatim Inspect 高频测试B/M Boar/Molding(flat cable)C/P Connector of PCA/P AssemblySPS Switching power supply 电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD Digital Vedio DiskVCD Vdeio Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer AID DesignCAM Computer AID ManufacturingCAE Computer AID EngineeringABIOS Achanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complemeruary Metoll Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微通道结构EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memory module 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管FMEA Failure Mode Effectivenes 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Calle 排线PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requiremcnt Planning 物料需计划OC Operation System 作业系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProceduneEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material Size模具技术用语各种模具常用成形方式accurate die casting 精密压铸powder forming 粉末成形calendaring molding 压延成形powder metal forging 粉末锻造cold chamber die casting 冷式压铸precision forging 精密锻造cold forging 冷锻press forging 冲锻compacting molding 粉末压出成形rocking die forging 摇动锻造compound molding 复合成形rotary forging 回转锻造compression molding 压缩成形rotational molding 离心成形dip mold 浸渍成形rubber molding 橡胶成形encapsulation molding 注入成形sand mold casting 砂模铸造extrusion molding 挤出成形shell casting 壳模铸造foam forming ?泡成形sinter forging 烧结锻造forging roll 轧锻six sides forging 六面锻造gravity casting 重力铸造slush molding 凝塑成形hollow(blow) molding 中空(吹出)成形squeeze casting 高压铸造hot chamber die casting 热室压铸swaging 挤锻hot forging 热锻transfer molding 转送成形injection molding 射出成形warm forging 温锻investment casting 精密铸造matched die method 对模成形法laminating method 被覆淋膜成形low pressure casting 低压铸造lost wax casting 脱蜡铸造matched mould thermal forming 对模热成形模各式模具分类用语bismuth mold 铋铸模landed plunger mold 有肩柱塞式模具burnishing die 挤光模landed positive mold 有肩全压式模具button die 镶入式圆形凹模loading shoe mold 料套式模具center-gated mold 中心浇口式模具loose detail mold 活零件模具chill mold 冷硬用铸模loose mold 活动式模具clod hobbing 冷挤压制模louvering die 百叶窗冲切模composite dies 复合模具manifold die 分歧管模具counter punch 反凸模modular mold 组合式模具double stack mold 双层模具multi-cavity mold 多模穴模具electroformed mold 电铸成形模multi-gate mold 复式浇口模具expander die 扩径模offswt bending die 双折冷弯模具extrusion die 挤出模palletizing die 叠层模family mold 反套制品模具plaster mold 石膏模blank through dies 漏件式落料模porous mold 通气性模具duplicated cavity plate 复板模positive mold 全压式模具fantail die 扇尾形模具pressure die 压紧模fishtail die 鱼尾形模具profile die 轮廓模flash mold 溢料式模具progressive die 顺序模gypsum mold 石膏铸模protable mold 手提式模具hot-runner mold 热流道模具prototype mold 雏形试验模具ingot mold 钢锭模punching die 落料模lancing die 切口模raising(embossing) 压花起伏成形re-entrant mold 倒角式模具sectional die 拼合模runless injection mold 无流道冷料模具sectional die 对合模具segment mold 组合模semi-positive mold 半全压式模具shaper 定型模套single cavity mold 单腔模具solid forging die 整体锻模split forging die 拼合锻模split mold 双并式模具sprueless mold 无注道残料模具squeezing die 挤压模stretch form die 拉伸成形模sweeping mold 平刮铸模swing die 振动模具three plates mold 三片式模具trimming die 切边模unit mold 单元式模具universal mold 通用模具unscrewing mold 退扣式模具yoke type die 轭型模模具厂常用之标准零配件air vent vale 通气阀anchor pin 锚梢angular pin 角梢baffle 调节阻板angular pin 倾斜梢baffle plate 折流档板ball button 球塞套ball plunger 定位球塞ball slider 球塞滑块binder plate 压板blank holder 防皱压板blanking die 落料冲头bolster 上下模板bottom board 浇注底板bolster 垫板bottom plate 下固定板bracket 托架bumper block 缓冲块buster 堵口casting ladle 浇注包casting lug 铸耳cavity 模穴(模仁)cavity retainer plate 模穴托板center pin 中心梢clamping block 锁定块coil spring 螺旋弹簧cold punched nut 冷冲螺母cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓core 心型core pin 心型梢cotter 开口梢cross 十字接头cushion pin 缓冲梢diaphragm gate 盘形浇口die approach 模头料道die bed 型底die block 块形模体die body 铸模座die bush 合模衬套die button 冲模母模die clamper 夹模器die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口dog chuck 爪牙夹头dowel 定位梢dowel hole 导套孔dowel pin 合模梢dozzle 辅助浇口dowel pin 定位梢draft 拔模锥度draw bead 张力调整杆drive bearing 传动轴承ejection pad 顶出衬垫ejector 脱模器ejector guide pin 顶出导梢ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫ejector pin 顶出梢ejector plate 顶出板ejector rod 顶出杆ejector sleeve 顶出衬套ejector valve 顶出阀eye bolt 环首螺栓filling core 椿入蕊film gate 薄膜形浇口finger pin 指形梢finish machined plate 角形模板finish machined round plate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板flanged pin 带凸缘?flash gate 毛边形浇口flask 上箱floating punch 浮动冲头gate 浇口gate land 浇口面gib 凹形拉紧?goose neck 鹅颈管guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板guide rail 导轨head punch 顶?冲头headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒hose nippler 管接头impact damper 缓冲器injection ram 压射柱塞inlay busher 嵌入衬套inner plunger 内柱塞inner punch 内冲头insert 嵌件insert pin 嵌件梢king pin 转向梢king pin bush 主梢衬套knockout bar 脱模杵land 合模平坦面land area 合模面leader busher 导梢衬套lifting pin 起模顶?lining 内衬locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢locating ring 定位环lock block 压块locking block 定位块locking plate 定位板loose bush 活动衬套making die 打印冲子manifold block 歧管档块master plate 靠模样板match plate 分型板mold base 塑胶模座mold clamp 铸模紧固夹mold platen 模用板moving bolster 换模保持装置moving bolster plate 可动侧模板one piece casting 整体铸件parallel block 平行垫块paring line 分模线parting lock set 合模定位器pass guide 穴型导板peened head punch 镶入式冲头pilot pin 导?pin gate 针尖浇口plate 衬板pre extrusion punch 顶挤冲头punch 冲头puncher 推杆pusher pin 衬套梢rack 机架rapping rod 起模杆re-entrant mold 凹入模retainer pin 嵌件梢retainer plate 托料板return pin 回位梢riding stripper 浮动脱模器ring gate 环型浇口roller 滚筒runner 流道runner ejector set 流道顶出器runner lock pin 流道拉梢screw plug 头塞set screw 固定螺丝shedder 脱模装置shim 分隔片shoe 模座之上下模板shoot 流道shoulder bolt 肩部螺丝skeleton 骨架slag riser 冒渣口slide(slide core) 滑块slip joint 滑配接头spacer block 间隔块spacer ring 间隔环spider 模蕊支架spindle 主轴sprue 注道sprue bushing 注道衬套sprue bushing guide 注道导套sprue lock bushing 注道定位衬套sprue puller 注道拉料?spue line 合模线square key 方键square nut 方螺帽square thread 方螺纹stop collar 限位套stop pin 止动梢stop ring 止动环stopper 定位停止梢straight pin 圆柱? stripper bolt 脱料螺栓stripper bushing 脱模衬套stripper plate 剥料板stroke end block 行程止梢submarine gate 潜入式浇口support pillar 支撑支柱/顶出支柱support pin 支撑梢supporting plate 托板sweep templete 造模刮板tab gate 辅助浇口taper key 推拔键taper pin 拔锥梢/锥形梢teeming 浇注three start screw 三条螺纹thrust pin 推力销tie bar 拉杵tunnel gate 隧道形浇口vent 通气孔wortle plate 拉丝模板友情提示：部分文档来自网络整理，供您参考！文档可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！。
土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-建筑设计词汇汇总
土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-建筑设计词汇汇总a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书planning proposals设计任务书design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geological data原始资料original data设计进度schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案scheme, draft草图sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing竣工图as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室office服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motor room车库garage清洁间cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室meeting room衣柜间ward robe暖风间H.V.A.C room饭店restaurant餐厅canteen, dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层extra ply of felt檐口eave挑檐overhanging eave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水interior drainage外排水exterior drainage滴水drip屋面排水roof drainage找平层leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole 人孔manhole吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙hollow brick wall承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙external (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity wall压顶coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated single steel plate 外墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿bracket砖烟囱brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪grade地面和楼面ground and floor墙和楼板walls and slabs素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course, blinding面层covering, finish结合层bonding (binding) course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course 混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面terrazzo flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope集水沟gully集水口gulley排水沟drainage trench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable cover plate集水坑sump pit孔翻边hole up stand电缆沟cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door 铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门roller shutter door弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window钢窗steel window铝合金窗aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步step扇形踏步winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度tread width防滑条non-slip insert (strips)栏杆railing (balustrade)平台栏杆platform railing吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole扶手handrail梯段高度height of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading 楼梯平台stair landing客梯passenger lift货梯goods lift客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator观光电梯observation elevator电梯机房lift mortar room电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖red brick粘土砖clay brick瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖facing brick地板砖flooring tile缸砖clinkery brick马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉white marble花岗岩granite碎石crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆bituminous mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete 细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tongued and grooved board层夹板laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbBar方钢square steel扁钢steel strap,flat steel型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle工字钢I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain round bar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate 低碳钢low carbon steel冷弯cold bending钢管steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管seamless steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管iron pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire钢丝网steel wire mesh多孔金属网expanded metal锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumen paint环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer防锈漆anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial bolt高强螺栓high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washerPaint 油漆底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹red lead铅油lead oil腻子puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑architecture土木civil给排水water supply and drainage总图plot plan采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应electric power supply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication 仪表instrument热力供应heat power supply动力mechanical power工艺process technology管道pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient architecture现代建筑modern architecture标准化建筑standardized buildings 附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商constructor, contractor现场site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic, quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume人流量pedestrian volume透视图perspective drawing建筑模型building modelArchitectural Physics 建筑物理照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光glaze方位角azimuth辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer实习生probationer专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员technicianDrafting 制图总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录list of drawings 平面图plan局部放大图detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图sectional plan of...留孔平面图plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross (transverse) section立面elevation正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical detail节点号detail No.首页front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图diagram草图sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图flow diagram标准图standard drawing．．．布置图layout of ...地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表working schedule技术经济指标technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures编号coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade直线straight Line曲线curves曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted line实线solid line影线hatching line点划线dot and dash line轴线axis等高线contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线tangent Line尺寸线dimension Line园形round环形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四边形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass力force米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公顷hectate牛顿/平方米Newton/square meter 千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter 英尺foot英寸inch磅pound 吨ton加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension内径inside diameter外径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight数量quantity百分比percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉fountain地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant灭火器fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher。
PEC材料工程英语证书考试-高分子材料词汇.doc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738 二聚体三聚体调聚物预聚物均聚物threo-diisotactic polymer threo-disyndiotactic polymer erythro-diisotactic polymer erythro-disyndiotactic polymerPEC材料工程英语证书考试•高分子材料词汇新序码汉文名英文名注释高分子macromolecule, polymer又称”大分子超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分了inorganic polymer有机高分了organic polymer无机-有机高分T inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚含物organometallic polymer元素高分了element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer曾用名”齐聚物”。
dimertrimertelomerprepolymerhomopolymer无规聚合物random polymer 无规卷曲聚合物random co山ng polymer 头•头聚合物head-to-head polymer 头■尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer 规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer又称"等规聚合物”。
间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer又称”间规聚合物”。
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-无机非金属材料词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-无机非金属材料词汇alloy 合金atomic-scale architecture 原子尺度结构（构造）brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料concrete 混凝土conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的devitrified 反玻璃化的（晶化的）ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素fiberglass 玻璃钢glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的microcircuitry 微电路microscopic-scale architecture 微观尺度结构（构造）noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polyethylene 聚乙烯polymer 聚合物property 性能（质）refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silica 石英、二氧化硅silicate 硅酸盐silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢high-strength low-alloy steel 高强度低合金钢Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值Hooke’s law 胡克定律carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁lead alloy 铅合金Charpy test Charpy试验low-alloy steel 低合金钢cold working 冷作加工lower yield point 屈服点下限copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁primary stage 第一（初期）阶段martensitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢secondary stage 第二阶段modulus of elasticity 弹性模量tertiary(final)? stage 第三（最后）阶段modulus of rigidity 刚性模量dislocation climb 位错攀（爬）移nickel alloy 镍合金ductile iron 球墨铸铁nickel-aluminum superalloy 镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittle transition temperature 韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrous alloy 非铁合金ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形Poi ssion’s ratio 泊松比engineering strain 工程应变precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation-hardened stainless steel 沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatigue curve 疲劳曲线rapidly solidified alloy 速凝合金/快速固化合金fatigue strength (endurance limit) 疲劳强度（耐久极限）refractory? metal 耐火（高温）金属ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度ferrous alloy 铁基合金shear modulus 剪（切）模量fracture mechanics 断裂机制shear strain 剪（切）应变fracture toughness 断裂韧性shear stress 剪（切）应力gage length 标距（长度），计量长度，有效长度solution hardening 固溶强化galvanization 电镀，镀锌steel 钢strain hardening 应变强化white iron 白铁，白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢Young’s modulus 杨氏模量toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金upper yield point 屈服点上限annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃clay 粘土melting range 熔化（温度）范围soda-lime silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color 颜色modulus of rupture 断裂模量softening point 软化点cosine law 余弦定律network former 网络形成体specular reflection 镜面反射creep 蠕变netwrok modifier 网络修饰体/网络外体static fatigue 静态疲劳crystalline ceramic 晶态陶瓷nonoxide ceramic 非氧化物陶瓷structural clay product 粘土类结构制品diffuse reflection 漫反射nonsilicate glass 非硅酸盐玻璃surface gloss 表面光泽E-glass 电子玻璃（E玻璃）nonsilicate oxide ceramic 非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷tempered glass 钢化玻璃electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷nuclear ceramic 核用陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率enamel 搪瓷nucleate 成（形）核thermal shock 热震Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Opacity 乳浊transformation toughening 相变增韧fracture toughness 断裂韧性optical property 光学性质translucency 半透明Fresnel’s formula Fresnel公式partially stabilized zirconia ??部分稳定氧化锆transparency 透明glass 玻璃polar diagram 极坐标图viscosity 粘度glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery 陶器（制造术）viscous deformation 粘性变形glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度pure oxide 纯氧化物vitreous silica 无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze 釉reflectance 反射（率）whiteware 白瓷Griffith crack model Griffith裂纹模型refractive index 折射率working range 工作（温度）范围intermediate 中间体/中间的admixture 外加剂fiberglass 玻璃钢metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料aggregate 聚集体fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料aggregate composite 聚集体复合材料hardwood 硬质木材polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性hemicellulose 半纤维素portland cement 波特兰水泥cement 水泥interfacial strength 界面结合强度propertyaveraging 性能平均ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料isostrain 等应变radial cell 径向细胞concrete混凝土isotress 等应力softwood 软质木材continuous fiber 连续纤维isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度discrete (chopped) fiber 不连续（短切）纤维laminate 层状的strength-to-weight ratio 强度质量比率dispersion-strengthened metal 弥散强化金属lignin 木质素whisker 晶须longitudinal cell 经向（纵向）纤维wood 木材woven fabric 纺织构造E-glass 电子玻璃matrix 基质（体）philosophy 基本原理cross over 交叉，穿过，跨越restriction 限制（定）configuration 构造（形式），结构align 使成一直线（一行）elongate 拉长（的）/延伸（的）aggregate 集料，粒料，骨料chop 切utility 效用，实用，功用in regard for 考虑到cite 引用（证、述），援引，列举，举出（例），提到，谈到embed 埋置，把? 嵌入（或插入）dielectric 电介质implication 含意（义）epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 聚醚酮醚polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 聚苯亚砜entrant 新到者requisite 必需的imitate 仿deciduous 每年落叶的，非永久的commonality 共性，共同特点dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地，直立地longitudinal 经度的，纵向的sap 树液cellulose 纤维素alignment 直线排列phenol-propane 苯酚-丙烷manifest 显示，出现，显露dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明staggering 令人惊愕的igneous 火成的inspection 检查，视察interstice 空隙，裂缝enclose 包围，封闭entrain 混（气泡）于混凝土中entrap 截留的，夹杂的thaw 融化（解），解冻identify 认识，鉴定，确定generality 一般（性），一般原则，普遍（性），通则consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调，重点，重要性axially 轴向weighted average 加权平均elementary 基本的reverse 相反的rigorous 严格的，严密的，精确的bound 限度take for granted 被忽略（视）communicate 传达，传递deflect 偏转unless otherwise state 除非另外说明appreciation 正确评价，鉴别substantial 多的，大的，大量的offset 弥补，抵消，偏移assembly 装配，组装，总成capacitor 电容器electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对piezoelectric coupling coefficient 压电耦合系数ceramic 陶瓷electronic conduction 电子传导piezoelectric effect 压电效应charge carrier 载流子energy band 能带polymer 聚合物charge density 电荷密度energy band gap 能隙positive charge carrier 正载流子coercive field 矫顽（电）场energy level 能级PZT 锆钛酸铅conduction band 导带extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体remanent polarization 剩余极化conductivity 传导率Fermi function 费米函数resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体Fermi level 费米能级resistance 电阻current 电流ferroelectric 铁电性reverse piezoelectric effect逆压电效应dielectric 介电性，介电体free electron 自由电子saturization polarization 饱和极化dielectric constant 介电常数glass 玻璃Seebeck potential 赛贝克（电）势dielectric strength 介电强度hysteresis loop （电）滞回线semiconductor 半导体domain （电）畴insulator 绝缘体spontaneous polarization 自发极化drift velocity 漂移速率intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体superconductor 超导体electric permittivity 电容率，介电常数metal 金属temperature coefficient of resistivity 电阻率温度系数electrical conduction 电导negative charge carrier 负载流子electrical field strength 电场强度Ohm’s law 欧姆定律thermocouple 热（电）偶electrically poled 电极化的orbital 轨道transducer 变（转）换器/换能器electron 电子paraelectric 顺电性的valence band 价带electron hole 电子空穴Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理voltage 电压commonality （特点等的）共有，共同特点，共性in light of 按照，根据manifestation 显示，表明，表现，表现形式，现象give way to 让路（步），退让，让位，屈服spacing 间隔（距）abstract 抽象reciprocal 倒数的mobility 迁移率drift 漂移precisely 正好地hypothetical 假（设）定的delocalize 使离开原位extension 扩展（充）pseudocontinuous 准连续的nature 自然状态conductive to 有助（益）的on the order of (数值)相当于，大约，数量级为，跟相似的accessibility 能进入（的），可得到（的）inability 无能（力）attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动wave packet 波包（群）irregularity 不规则，无规律reminiscent 回忆往事的，提醒的，暗示的ultimately 最后（终）于trace 追溯，上溯ambient 周围的（环境）tabulate 把......制成表格，列表finite 有限的empirical 经验的ironically 冷嘲的，具有讽刺意味的，用反语的，挖苦的，令人啼笑皆非的synchronization 同时发生，同步cooperative 配合account for 解释，占多少比例speculation 思索cryogenic 低温学的appreciable 可评估的，可感知的breakdown 崩溃，击穿subsection 细分asymmetrical 不对称的dipole 偶极子polarization 极化crystallographic晶体的，晶体学的at the expense of 以…..为代价symmetrical 对称的exaggerate 夸张（大）extrapolate 推断（知），外推induce 诱导prefix 前缀intriguing 引起? 的兴趣（或好奇心）stem from 由…引起的，产生（起源、归因于），出身于constrain 强迫，抑制，约束straightforward 简单，易懂的ensuring 确保，保证pseudo-single crystal 准单晶consolidate 加固，使合成一体transmitter 变送器，发射机oscillation 振动megahertz MHzacceptor level 受主能级device 元件impurity 杂质amorphous semiconductor 无定形半导体diode 二极管intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体amplifier 放大器donor level 施主能级microcircuit 微电路Arrhenius behavior ???Arrhenius行为dopant 掺杂剂n-type semiconductor ??n型半导体base 基极drain 漏极p-n junction? ??p-n 结carrier mobility 载流子迁移（率）electron hole 电子空穴p-type semiconductor? p型半导体chalcogenide 硫族（属）化物emitter 发射极rectifier 整流器charge 电荷energy band gap 能隙reverse bias ?反向偏置charge carrier ??载流子exhaustion range 耗尽区saturation range 饱和区charge density 电荷密度extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体source 源极chip （基）片Fermi function 费米函数thermal activation 热激活collector 集电极Fermi level 费米能级III-V compound III-V化合物compound semiconductor 化合物半导体field-effect transistor (FET) 场效应晶体管II-VI compound II-VI化合物conduction band 导带forward bias 正向偏置transistor 晶体管conduction electron 传导电子gate 栅极valence band 价带conductivity 传导率Hall effect 霍尔效应clustered 丛生，成群overlap 交迭activation 活化，激活occurrence 发生，出现，事件，发生的事情dominate 支配，占优势semilog 半对数的ambient 周围（环境）的phosphorus 磷plateau 平原/平台compensation 补（赔）偿intimate 亲密at right angle 成直角sideways 侧（横）向in order 整齐，状态良好，适应on the average 平均，按平均数计算，一般地说zinc blende 闪锌矿counterpart 配对物threshold 开始（端），极限photovoltaic 光电nondepletable 耗不尽的silane 硅烷xerography 静电复印术photoconductive 光敏polarization 极化herald 先驱，先兆excess 过量的，额外的，附加的overshoot 过冲distort 畸变，使失真antiparallel spin pairing 反平行（电子）对domain (bloch) wall 畴壁flux density 通量（磁力线）密度eddy current 涡流garnet 石榴子石Bohr magneton 玻尔磁子electron spin 电子自旋hard magnet 硬（永）磁铁（体）ceramic magnet 陶瓷磁铁（体）energy loss 能（量）损（失）hysteresis loop （磁）滞回线coercive field 矫顽（磁）场exchange interaction 交互作用induction 感应（诱导）coercive force矫顽（磁）力ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性，（亚）铁磁性inverse spinel 反尖晶石diamagnetism 抗（反）磁性ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体Joule heating 焦耳热domain structure 畴结构ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic field 磁场metallic magnet 金属磁体soft magnet 软（暂时）磁体（铁）magnetic field strength 磁场强度paramagnetism 顺磁性spinel 尖晶石magnetic flux line 磁通量（力）线permanent magnet 永（久）磁体superconducting magnet 超导磁体magnetic moment 磁矩permeability 导磁性（率）textured micostructure 织构magnetism 磁性preferred orientation 择优取向transition metal 过渡金属magnetite 磁铁矿（石）relative permeability 相对（磁）导率transition metal ion 过渡金属离子magnetization 磁化remanent induction 剩余感应YIG 钇铁石榴子石Magnetoplumbite 磁铅石，磁铁铅矿saturation induction 饱和感应nomenclature 命名routinely 常规，惯例counterpart 对手modest 小的reversible 可逆的traced out 探寻踪（轨）迹primitive 原始的，早期的，开始的，基本的，简单的visualize 目测，观察，设想relativistic 相对论的aligned 排列好的distinction （差）区别，特性tetrahedrally 四面体的octahedrally 八面体的inventory 清单，目录cancellation 抵（取）消traverse 在?? 上来回移动，沿? 来回移动flunctuate 波动，涨落，起伏，动摇不定ingot 铸模，铸块，锭fidelity 保真Samarium 钐Alnico 磁钢simultaneously 同时发生的product? (乘)积solenoid 螺线管deflection 偏转interchangeably 可交（互）换的，可代替的gem 宝石dodecahedral 十二面体的waveguide 波导hexagonal 六方晶系的strontium 锶fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的perovskite 钙钛矿availability 利用（或获得）的可能性levitation 悬浮。
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇1. material 材料2. composite material 复合材料3. ceramic material 陶瓷材料4. metallic material 金属材料5. alloy 材料合金6. material properties 材料性质7. mechanical properties 机械性质8. thermal properties 热学性质9. electrical properties 电学性质10. chemical properties 化学性质11. processing technology 加工工艺12. casting process 铸造工艺13. forging process 锻造工艺14. casting alloy 铸造合金15. high-temperature casting 高温铸造16. lost wax casting 失蜡法铸造17. extrusion process 挤压工艺18. rolling process 轧制工艺19. sintering process 烧结工艺20. sintering temperature 烧结温度21. welding technology 焊接工艺22. fusion welding 熔焊23. electron beam welding 电子束焊接24. laser welding 激光焊接25. adhesive bonding 粘接工艺26. adhesive 胶粘剂27. diffusion bonding 扩散焊接28. brazing process 钎焊工艺29. metallurgy 材料科学30. crystal structure 晶体结构31. phase transformation 物相转变32. grain size 晶粒尺寸33. microstructure microstructure 分析显微组织34. texture 织构35. phase 相36. solid solution solid solution 强化的固溶体37. transformation toughening transformation强化韧化38. dislocation 位错39. grain boundary dislocation 晶界位错40. stress state 应力状态41. deformation deformation 变形42. elastic deformation 弹性变形43. plastic deformation 塑性变形44. fracture fracture 断裂45. hardness hardness testing硬度测试46. Vickers hardness tester Vickers硬度计47. Brinell hardness tester 布氏硬度计48. tensile test拉伸试验49. compressive test 压缩试验50. bending test弯曲试验51. fracture test 断口分析52. corrosion resistance耐腐蚀性53. oxidation resistance耐氧化性54. fatigue resistance耐疲劳性55. thermal stability热稳定性56. electrical conductivity电导率57. thermal conductivity热导率58. dielectric constant介电常数59. permeability磁导率60. specific heat capacity比热容61. density密度62. reinforcement reinforcement增强剂/增强纤维63. carbon fiber碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)等。
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-复合材料词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-复合材料词汇Acetyl||乙酰Acid-proof paint||耐酸涂料, 耐酸油漆Acrylic fiber||丙烯酸纤维Acrylic resin||丙烯酸树脂Active filler||活性填料Adapter assembly||接头组件Addition polyimide||加成型聚酰亚胺Addition polymer||加聚物Adjusting valve||调整阀，调节阀Adhersion assembly||粘合装配Adhersion bond||胶结Adjustable-bed press||工作台可调式压力机Adjuster shim||调整垫片Adjusting accuracy||调整精度，调校精度Admissible error||容许误差Admissible load||容许载荷Adsorbed layer||吸附层Advanced composite material||先进复合材料，高级复合材料Advanced development vehicle||试制车，预研样车AE(Automobile Engineering)||汽车工程技术Aeolotropic material||各向异性材料Aerated plastics||泡沫塑料, 多孔塑料Aerodynamic body||流线型车身Aft cross member||底盘/车架后横梁Air bleeder||排气孔Air clamp||气动夹具Air deflector||导流板；导风板，气流偏转板Air intake manifold||进气歧管Air servo||伺服气泵Air-tight joint||气密接头All-plastic molded||全塑模注的All polyster seat||全聚酯座椅Alligatoring||龟裂，涂膜皱皮,表面裂痕Amino resin||氨基树脂Angular test||挠曲试验Anti-chipping primer||抗破裂底漆（底层涂料）Apron||防护挡板Aramid fibre composites||芳胺纤维复合材料Assembly drawing||装配图Assembly jig||装配夹具Assembly part||装配件，组合件Autoclave forming||热压罐成型Autocorrection||自动校正Automatic compensation||自动补偿Automatic feed||自动进料Automobile instrument||汽车仪表板Automotive transmission||汽车传动装置，汽车变速器Auxiliary fasia console||副仪表板Axial strain||轴向应变Axle bushing||轴衬Axle fairing||底盘车桥整流罩A Stage||A 阶段(某些热固性树脂聚合作用的初期阶段)AAC(Auxiliary Air Control)||辅助空气控制ABC(Active Body Control)||主动式车身控制装置Abherent||阻粘剂Ability meter||测力计，性能测试仪ABL (Ablative)||烧蚀剂Ablation||烧蚀Ablative composite material||烧蚀复合材料Ablative insulative material||烧蚀绝热材料Ablative polymer||烧蚀聚合物Ablative prepreg||烧蚀性预浸料Ablative resistance||耐烧蚀性ABR(Acrylate Butadience Rubber)||丙烯酸丁二烯橡胶Abradant material||研磨材料，磨料Abrade||研磨；用喷砂清理Abrasion||磨耗Abrasion coefficient||磨耗系数Abrasion loss||磨耗量，磨损量Abrasion performance||磨耗性Abrasion-proof material||耐磨材料Abrasion resistant paint||耐磨涂料Abrasion test||磨损试验Abrasive blast system||喷砂清理系统Abrasive cloth||砂布Abrasive disc||砂轮盘，砂轮片Abrasive finishing||抛光Abrasive paper||砂纸Abrasive resistance||耐磨性ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)resin||ABS树脂，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(热塑性)树脂ABSM(American Bureau of Standard Materials)||美国标准材料局Absolute dynamic modulus||绝对动态模量Absolute error||绝对误差Absorbent material||吸收性材料,吸收性物质，吸声材料，吸收剂Absorber||减振器，阻尼器，缓冲器ACA(Automotive Composite Alliance)||汽车复合材料协会ACC(Automatic Clutch Control)||自动离合器操纵控制Accelerant||促进剂，加速剂Accelerated aging test||加速老化试验，人工老化试验Accelerator pedal shaft||加速踏板轴Accelerator pump nozzle||加速泵喷嘴Acceptable life||有效使用寿命Acceptance test specification||验收测试规范Access panel||罩板,盖板Accessory||配件，附属品Accessory equipment||辅助设备Accessory kit||附件包，成套附件Accumulator can||储电池外壳Accumulator package||蓄压器组件，蓄压器单元Accuracy in calibration||校准精度Accuracy of finish||最终加工精度Accuracy of manufacture||制造精度Accuracy of positioning||定位精度Accuracy of repetition||重现精度，复制精度此资源来自：由FanE『翻译中国』 http;//整理。
PEC化学工程英语证书考试-化工管道专业词汇
PEC化学工程英语证书考试-化工管道专业词汇阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆insidescrew阀座valveseat(bodyseat)阀座环、密封圈sealingring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮handwheel手柄handlevel(handle)压盖gland闸阀gatevalve平行双闸板doublediscparallelseat楔形单闸板splitwedge截止阀globevalve节流阀throttlevalve针阀needlevalve角阀(角式截止阀)anglevalveY型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-bodyglobevalve)球阀ballvalve三通球阀3-wayballvalve蝶阀butterflyvalve对夹式(薄片型)wafertype偏心阀板蝶阀offsetdisc(eccentric)butterflyvalve斜阀盘蝶阀canteddiscbutterflyvalve连杆式蝶阀linkbutterflyvalve止回式蝶阀combinednon-returnbutterflyvalve 柱塞阀pistontypevalve旋塞阀plugvalve三通旋塞阀three-wayplugvalve四通旋塞阀four-wayplugvalve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleevecock隔膜阀diaphragmvalve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubberlineddiaphragmvalve直通式隔膜阀straightwaydiaphragmvalve夹紧式胶管阀pinchvalve止回阀checkvalve升降式止回阀liftcheckvalve旋启式止回阀swingcheckvalve落球式止回阀ballcheckvalve弹簧球式止回阀springballcheckvalve底阀footvalve切断式止回阀stopcheckvalve活塞式止回阀pistoncheckvalve翻板止回阀flapcheckvalve蝶式止回阀butterflycheckvalve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀reliefvalve[RV]安全泄压阀safetyreliefvalve杠杆重锤式leverandweighttype罐底排污阀flush-bottomtankvalve波纹管密封阀bellowsealedvalve电磁阀solenoid(operated)valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operatedvalve 气动阀pneumaticoperatedvalve低温用阀cryogenicservicevalve蒸汽疏水阀steamtrap机械式疏水阀mechanicaltrap浮桶式疏水阀open(top)buckettrap浮球式疏水阀floattrap倒吊桶式疏水阀invertedbuckettrap自由浮球式疏水阀loosefloattrap恒温式疏水阀thermostatictrap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balancedpressurethermostatictrap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamictrap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulsesteamtrap放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic)airventvalve换向阀diverting(reversing)valve呼吸阀breathervalve减压阀pressurereducingvalve控制阀controlvalve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differentialpressureregulatingvalve切断阀block(shut-off,stop)valve调节阀regulatingvalve快开阀quickopeningvalve快闭阀quickclosingvalve隔断阀isolatingvalve三通阀threewayvalve夹套阀jacketedvalve非旋转式阀non-rotaryvalve管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steelpipe铸铁管castironpipe衬里管linedpipe复合管cladpipe碳钢管carbonsteel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloysteelpipe不锈钢管stainlesssteel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austeniticstainlesssteelpipe铁合金钢管ferriticalloysteelpipe轧制钢管wrought-steelpipe锻铁管wrought-ironpipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS]steelpipe焊接钢管weldedsteelpipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-weldedsteelpipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-weldedsteel-platepipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiralweldedsteelpipe镀锌钢管galvanizedsteelpipe排污阀blowdownvalve集液排放阀dripvalve排液阀drainvalve放空阀ventvalve卸载阀unloadingvalve排出阀dischargevalve吸入阀suctionvalve取样阀samplingvalve手动阀handoperated(manually-operated)valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀)bleedvalve旁路阀by-passvalve软管阀hosevalve混合阀mixingvalve破真空阀vacuumbreaker冲洗阀flushvalve根部阀root(primary,header)valve水煤气钢管water-gassteelpipe塑料管plasticpipe玻璃管glasstube橡胶管rubbertube壁厚wallthickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedulenumber[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extraheavy(strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的doubleextraheavy(strong) 弯头elbow异径弯头reducingelbow长半径弯头longradiuselbow短半径弯头shortradiuselbow长半径180°弯头longradiusreturn短半径180°弯头shortradiusreturn三通tee异径三通reducingtee等径三通straighttee带支座三通basetee45°斜三通45°lateralY型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentricreducer偏心异径管eccentricreducer管接头coupling;fullcoupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricatedpipebendU型弯管"U"bend法兰端flangedend万向接头universaljoint对焊的buttwelded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socketwelded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integralpipeflange钢管法兰steelpipeflange螺纹法兰threadedflange滑套法兰slip-onflange平焊法兰slip-on-weldingflange承插焊法兰socketweldingflange松套法兰lapjointflange[LJF]对焊法兰weldneckflange[WNF]法兰盖blindflange;blind异径法兰reducingflange压力级pressurerating(class)突面raisedface[RF]凸面maleface凹面femaleface全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]管道特殊件pipingspeciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporarystrainer(conetype)Y型过滤器Y-typestrainerT型过滤器T-typestrainer永久过滤器permanentfilter洗眼器及淋浴器eyewasherandshower 视镜sightglass阻火器flamearrester喷咀;喷头spraynozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器samplecooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansionjoint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hoseconnection[HC]快速接头quickcoupling金属软管metalhose橡胶管rubberhose挠性管flexibletube特殊法兰specialflange漏斗funnel8字盲板spectacle(figure8)blind爆破板rupture disk碳素钢carbonsteel[C.S.]不锈钢stainlesssteel[S.S.]铸铁castiron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensilestrength非金属材料non-metallicmaterial塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelainenamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flatgasket填料packing型钢shapedsteel角钢anglesteel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wideflangedbeam扁钢flatbar圆钢roundsteel;rod钢带strapsteel网络钢板checkeredplate材料表billofmaterial[BOM]材料统计materialtake-off[MTO]散装材料bulkmaterial综合管道材料表consolidatedpipingmaterialsummarysheet[CPMSS] 汇总表summary sheet中心线centerline装置边界boundarylimit[BL]区界arealimit设备布置equipmentarrangement(layout);plotplan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点pointofsupport[POS]工厂北向plantnorth方位orientation危险区hazardousareaclassification净正吸入压头netpositivesuctionhead绝对标高absoluteelevation坐标coordinate管道研究pipingstudy管道布置平面pipingarrangementplan[PAP]管道布置pipingassembly;layout详图detail"X"视图view"X""A-A"剖视section"A-A"轴测图isometricdrawing索引图keyplan管道及仪表流程图pipingandinstrumentdiagram[P&ID] 管口表listofnozzles地上管道abovegroundpiping地下管道undergroundpiping管线号linenumber总管header;manifold旁路bypass常开normallyopen常闭normallyclosed取样接口samplingconnection伴热管tracingpipe蒸汽伴热steamtracing热水伴热hot-watertracing电伴热electricaltracing夹套管jacketedline全夹套管fulljacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号partn管道工程pipingengineering。
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PEC材料工程英语证书考试-复合材料词汇Acetyl||乙酰Acid-proof paint||耐酸涂料, 耐酸油漆Acrylic fiber||丙烯酸纤维Acrylic resin||丙烯酸树脂Active filler||活性填料Adapter assembly||接头组件Addition polyimide||加成型聚酰亚胺Addition polymer||加聚物Adjusting valve||调整阀，调节阀Adhersion assembly||粘合装配Adhersion bond||胶结Adjustable-bed press||工作台可调式压力机Adjuster shim||调整垫片Adjusting accuracy||调整精度，调校精度Admissible error||容许误差Admissible load||容许载荷Adsorbed layer||吸附层Advanced composite material||先进复合材料，高级复合材料Advanced development vehicle||试制车，预研样车AE(Automobile Engineering)||汽车工程技术Aeolotropic material||各向异性材料Aerated plastics||泡沫塑料, 多孔塑料Aerodynamic body||流线型车身Aft cross member||底盘/车架后横梁Air bleeder||排气孔Air clamp||气动夹具Air deflector||导流板；导风板，气流偏转板Air intake manifold||进气歧管Air servo||伺服气泵Air-tight joint||气密接头All-plastic molded||全塑模注的All polyster seat||全聚酯座椅Alligatoring||龟裂，涂膜皱皮,表面裂痕Amino resin||氨基树脂Angular test||挠曲试验Anti-chipping primer||抗破裂底漆（底层涂料）Apron||防护挡板Aramid fibre composites||芳胺纤维复合材料Assembly drawing||装配图Assembly jig||装配夹具Assembly part||装配件，组合件Autoclave forming||热压罐成型Autocorrection||自动校正Automatic compensation||自动补偿Automatic feed||自动进料Automobile instrument||汽车仪表板Automotive transmission||汽车传动装置，汽车变速器Auxiliary fasia console||副仪表板Axial strain||轴向应变Axle bushing||轴衬Axle fairing||底盘车桥整流罩A Stage||A 阶段(某些热固性树脂聚合作用的初期阶段)AAC(Auxiliary Air Control)||辅助空气控制ABC(Active Body Control)||主动式车身控制装置Abherent||阻粘剂Ability meter||测力计，性能测试仪ABL (Ablative)||烧蚀剂Ablation||烧蚀Ablative composite material||烧蚀复合材料Ablative insulative material||烧蚀绝热材料Ablative polymer||烧蚀聚合物Ablative prepreg||烧蚀性预浸料Ablative resistance||耐烧蚀性ABR(Acrylate Butadience Rubber)||丙烯酸丁二烯橡胶Abradant material||研磨材料，磨料Abrade||研磨；用喷砂清理Abrasion||磨耗Abrasion coefficient||磨耗系数Abrasion loss||磨耗量，磨损量Abrasion performance||磨耗性Abrasion-proof material||耐磨材料Abrasion resistant paint||耐磨涂料Abrasion test||磨损试验Abrasive blast system||喷砂清理系统Abrasive cloth||砂布Abrasive disc||砂轮盘，砂轮片Abrasive finishing||抛光Abrasive paper||砂纸Abrasive resistance||耐磨性ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)resin||ABS树脂，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(热塑性)树脂ABSM(American Bureau of Standard Materials)||美国标准材料局Absolute dynamic modulus||绝对动态模量Absolute error||绝对误差Absorbent material||吸收性材料,吸收性物质，吸声材料，吸收剂Absorber||减振器，阻尼器，缓冲器ACA(Automotive Composite Alliance)||汽车复合材料协会ACC(Automatic Clutch Control)||自动离合器操纵控制Accelerant||促进剂，加速剂Accelerated aging test||加速老化试验，人工老化试验Accelerator pedal shaft||加速踏板轴Accelerator pump nozzle||加速泵喷嘴Acceptable life||有效使用寿命Acceptance test specification||验收测试规范Access panel||罩板,盖板Accessory||配件，附属品Accessory equipment||辅助设备Accessory kit||附件包，成套附件Accumulator can||储电池外壳Accumulator package||蓄压器组件，蓄压器单元Accuracy in calibration||校准精度Accuracy of finish||最终加工精度Accuracy of manufacture||制造精度Accuracy of positioning||定位精度Accuracy of repetition||重现精度，复制精度此资源来自：由FanE『翻译中国』 http;//整理。
如需转载，请注明出处，谢谢合作!~Acetal matrix composites||缩醛树脂基复合材料Acetal plastic||缩醛塑料,聚甲醛塑料Acetal resin||缩醛树脂Acetamide||乙酰胺Acetate fiber||醋酸纤维，乙酸纤维Acetone||丙酮Back corner panel||后围角板Back panel||后围板Back side panel||后侧板Back wall pillar||后围立柱Backer||衬料Baffler||挡板，阻尼器；导流叶片Bag Molding||气囊施压成型(袋模法)Baggage holder||行李架Barrier coat||阻挡层；防渗涂层Batch mixing||分批混合，批混Batching unit||分批加料装置Bearing assembly||轴承组合件Biaxial winding||双角缠绕, 双轴缠绕Binder fiber||粘合纤维Bipolymer||二元共聚物Bismaleimide composites||双马来酰亚胺复合材料Blank placement||坯料的放置Blanket||玻璃纤维毡；坯料Blanking press||冲压机, 冲割压力机Blending resin||掺合树脂BMC(Bulk Moulding Compound)||团状膜塑料BMI (Bismaleimide)||双马来酰亚胺Body back panel||车身后板Body back wall||车身驾驶室后围Body bracket||车身支架Body control module||车身控制模块Body frame (Body skeleton)||车身骨架Body front panel||车身驾驶室前围板Body monocoque||单壳体车身，单壳式结构车身Body outer panel||驾驶室覆盖件；驾驶室覆盖件Body structural member||车身结构件Body trim||车身装饰件Bonded riveted structure||胶铆结构Bonnet||发动机罩Brake||制动器Brake arrangement||制动装置Brinell hardness test||布氏硬度试验Brittle coating||脆性涂层Bulk coat||整体涂层Bulk heat treatment||整体热处理Bulk moulding compound||(增强塑料)预制整体模塑料Bumper bracket(holder)||保险杠托架Bus brake system||客车制动系Butt flange||对接法兰Butt joint||对接接头；对接Butterfly valve||节流阀，节气门BWI (Body In White)||白车身Cab deflector shield||驾驶室导流板Cab fairing||驾驶室整流罩Cab floor||驾驶室地板Cab mounting||驾驶室悬置CAD(Computer Aided Design)||计算机辅助设计CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)||计算机辅助工程设计Calibration tolerance||校准公差Calibrating instrument||校准仪表Camouflage paint||覆面漆, 盖面涂料, 伪假漆Cantilever beam impact test||悬臂梁冲击试验Carbon-felt reinforced carbon composites||碳毡增强碳复合材料Carbon fiber clutch||碳纤维离合器Carbon filament cloth||碳丝织物Case extension||外壳的伸出部分，延伸外壳Casing gasket||外壳密封垫Catalyst manifold||固化剂总成Catalyst pump||固化剂泵此资源来自：由FanE『翻译中国』 http;//整理。