中英文文献翻译—拉臂式垃圾车设计
中英文文献翻译-浅谈自装卸汽车及附加装置的运用
附录motor vehicles and the use of additional devicesSelf-loading vehicle arm (also known as hydraulic multi-energy vehicles and fighting for self-loading and unloading trucks) is characterized by separate cargo body fight with the implementation of a goods vehicle and a number of joint fighting operations, the cycle of transport, which can Self-loading dump containers, precast, machine equipment, bulk materials. The use of the car changed a number of operating the previous system under which the motor transport vehicle must be equipped with cranes or loaders, forklifts, loading and unloading as well as the need for workers in many ways, and saved the car and truck loading of the waiting time, increased turnover of motor vehicles and utilization, thus saving a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources to enhance economic efficiency.At present, the arm-type self-loading vehicle mainly used for mining of mineral aggregate loading, transport and dump, factory parts and rough handling and waste dumping, and construction waste from the handling, more clearance for the urban sanitation sector transportation of refuse. Arm as a result of self-loading cargo vehicles and body is separate from the fighting, using fixed-point garbage collection from time to time. Thus, in particular focal point for residents, as well as the market changes with the seasons the amount of waste sites. Dump it and refuse collection vehicles and forklift formula and flip-shaped seal trash dump trash garbage truck with a circular intake compared Yun, can effectively overcome the operation of the secondary dust and noise pollution.Arm-type truck with a low investment and low operating costs, maintenance and convenient, less noise, no secondary dust pollution, etc. Yang. The drawback is the size of the litter bucket, and can not be placed in the narrow streets, while in transit light foam filled refuse to take full advantage of easy self-loading vehicle arm, some cities have begun to establish a centralized garbage removal station, the use of small land transport equipment (such as human dump 3) refuse to focus on narrow streets inthe refuse collection points (floor), and then installed in self-loading arm dedicated junk car in the bucket, and then outward through the self-loading dump truck. It solved the problem of narrow streets could not place the issue of special garbage bucket. To address self-loading arm in the process of motor transport issues dusty materials, Special Purpose VehicleNanning has been designed and built two more effective anti-dust materials, additional devices and drivers can be manipulated to drive the entire operating room Process control device shaft. Are presented below.1, the activities of the vehicle hydraulic cargo canopyThis is to prevent the arm of a self-contained hopper car loading and unloading of materials from blowing out of the vehicle cargo canopy.The structure of the device as shown in Figure 1.Its working principle is: to promote the distribution of hydraulic valve joystick , hydraulic oil into the fuel tank on the cavity, the extended piston rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing in the tarp , under the canopy of the self and the main arm driven by its front-end articulated main arm , so that folding the sheeting under the lotus back then, under the support of opening up, in the cargo box form a closed top of the Ji Flip cover So that is not contained in the transportation field were filled. When the joystick struck the opposite side, the oil into the fuel tank of the cavity, the protruding rod back, while driving the main arm to the car in front of swing, in the sheeting , Peng-rod self-respect and the main arm Under the impetus of sheeting , Peng-rod and the main arm sequence neatly folded in boxes weeks before the edge, the canopy opened, is expected to facilitate loading and unloading cargo. The device structure is simple and easy to use, especially suitable for the shape of the size of cargo bucket inconsistent. Stacker hopper occasions too, such as good use of cover, fighting to prevent the material goods in the transportation out of dust.2, swing-wing self-loading automatic car coverThe new device structure as shown in Figure 2. When the arm-type self-loading vehicle operations, to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve stem so that the car swings arms back, when Hopper was slowly lifting, at the same time, as the arm and fixed in the frame side on the small pulley gradually widened the distance that the rope the role of the length of stretch, this time through the wire rope to pull pulley and shaft , with the shaft link a fixed rear cover.Then gradually open up. When the pendulum swing back to the largest angle(that is unloaded or loaded Doo Doo), the rear cover has also opened up to the maximum point of view, are not to affect the loading or unloading hopper. Action in the above-mentioned process, as a result of the front cover through the connecting arm empty set of fixed beams in the arm , so the former self-covered under the arm placed in the vertical with the ground manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted.Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of motor vehicles Therefore, the role of the former self-cover, the arm placed in the vertical with the ground before the front cover is always tight cover of the hopper. When the arm continues to swing back, the front cover self-lap, the left (on the icon in terms of) when shaft can not continue to lap, when the front cover with the arm before and after lifted up, placed in the largest arm angle, the front and back covers are lifted up, the shape of the wings to take off. At this point, you can do for fighting and has no effect on operations. When the manipulation of self-handling car so that after the swing arm for operating the dumping of materials, dumping hopper to achieve perspective, the rear cover open up to the point of view of a considerable discharge does not affect operation. The front cover as a result of self-hood has always been tight right hopper Department, the work does not affect the discharge. The front cover is designed to sway with the weight and to reduce operations in the interior height of the front cover lifted. Automatically cover the wing structure is simple and no special operation when used with other types of enclosures covered compared to savings of time and energy, elegant shape, covered with a good hopper to prevent the material from blowing out during transport . Arm of the two self-loading and unloading of vehicles attached devices, can effectively prevent materials from blowing out during transport, but their advantages and disadvantages. General self-loading arm in loading and unloading motor vehicles, the workers can only stand on the side of the body, handling agencies to manipulate the distribution of multi-way valve, so that the arm raise hopper or hopper dumping of materials. This appeared in a lot of inconvenience.浅谈自装卸汽车及附加装置的运用摆臂式自装卸汽车(也叫液压多能车和可换斗式自装卸车)的特点是货斗与车体分开，实行一辆车和数个货斗联合作业，循环运输，即能自装自卸集装箱、预制构件、整机设备、散装物料等。
中英文文献翻译-ZLJ16摆臂式自装卸垃圾车
附录AZLJ16 arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloadingWith economic development, expanding cities, urban population growth, rapid increase inthe amount of municipal waste, its handling more and more attention. Municipal solid wastedisposal methods There are three forms: separation and recycling, incineration and landfill.Either approach, the final disposal sites need to be far away from urban areas. Garbage transfer vehicles on a day to play with thousands of tons of solid waste transported from the city away from the urban area ofwastedisposal plant of the taskZLJ16 arm type garbage from the transfer car is a car loading and unloading, container transport separate waste collection vehicles, mainly for medium and large municipal solid waste collection and transport, which is complete with municipal solid waste transfer equipment installed supporting the use of waste pressure products. Loose garbage installed by the pressure of compressed garbage, the volume greatly reduced, and then packing transport, can effectively improve the transfer efficiency.ZLJ arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloading from the vehicle chassis, handling systems, and trash from the three major components.1 ChassisSteyr 1491.280/043/6x4 using two types of truck chassis, repair and exchange of good performance. The maximum total level of road quality 3.2t, the maximum speed of 85km / h. According to user needs can choose other common chassis.2 Self-priming systemSince the loading and unloading system for loading along the telescopic arm, hydraulic drive, hydraulic system pressure is 32MPa. The use of hydraulic control proportional control (cab) and direct manipulation (outside the cab) two kinds of control methods. Self-handling system installed by the subframe on the car chassis beam. Since the handling system can be reversed with a scalable two boxes "L" shape, and telescopic boom lift cylinders and telescopic cylinders, the rear frame above the cylinder, Vice beam with a stable, to improve the whole vehicle longitudinal stability.The car handling system from the power take-way for transmission at the end to take power.3 garbage containersZLJ16 arm type garbage truck from the loading bin is configured with the "A" shaped frame to enhance a special garbage container. DIN standard size using the interface. Outside the box welded trapezoidal ribs. There are two bins lower welding according to DIN standard vertical rails and durable, and compatible rear wheel bearing on both sides can achieve a smooth effortless loading and unloading bins. Trash back with automatic and manual opening and closing of the lift arm door.ZLJ16 arm type garbage truck garbage from loading and unloading containers from the loading and unloading process is as follows:Lifting garbage containers, the first manipulation of telescopic cylinders, the telescopic arm stretched out to the "L" shaped hook telescopic arm just below the height of the rings garbage containers, the appropriate garbage container reverse hook to hook rings. Continue to manipulate the lift cylinder, the bottom of the garbage container guide rail into the rear wheel, the rotating around the guide rollers, so that full retraction of cylinder in place lifting Post, garbage container on the frame in the horizontal position. And then manipulate the telescopic cylinder, telescopic reach out to, will forward to the tray at the bottom of the container rails on the lock block hit the frame on the locking hook up. Then manipulate the stabilizer, its piston rod fully recovered. Thus the lifting operation is complete garbage container.Remove trash containers and hoisting operation sequence in reverse order.Self-loading vehicle ZLJ arm in addition to complete self-loading garbage containers and garbage dump, but also can be carried out within a certain range of the lifting operation. In addition to the car with the unique retractable telescopic cylinder, lift cylinder, lock cylinder in order to complete the action of loading and unloading containers and garbage dump operations, but also can implement other vehicles for rescue and self-help. The car handling system can be rated in the 40s to complete the loading or loading garbage container operations in the 60s in the rubbish bin rubbish dump clean.ZLJ arm type garbage truck from the loading and unloading using an advanced hydraulic system, hydraulic control proportional control, work stable and reliablemanipulation of effort, simple, micro-performance is good.附录BZLJ16摆臂式自装卸垃圾车随着经济的发展，城市规模不断扩大，城市人口不断快速增长，城市垃圾量急剧上升，其处理越来越受到重视。
中英文文献翻译-摆臂式垃圾车二次改装防污染
附录(英文文献及中英文对照)Swinging arm type truck second modification pollutionpreventionAbstractCity life rubbish in transit, whether cause secondary pollution, necessary and shipment of rubbish are directly related to vehicle design structure. Such as loaded compressed type after the truck and other sealing structure can prevent rubbish endlessly picturequre scene in transit; And currently in use of swing arm garbage trucks, easy cause secondary pollution, therefore we according to the structure of swing arm modify the truck.Vehicle modified designThe original car design for completely open wide type, hoisting rubbish bucket without any block structure, cabin garbage in transit endlessly picturequre scene easily. Modification scheme in the car compartment front-end department and left-right side each additional fixed windshield wallboard, adding activity type in top guide enclosures wind. The top area of about 2/3 the size of the guide enclosures wind, left-right side each small oil cylinders, open or closed guide enclosures wind. Front windscreen wallboard can stop the level and on the right direction of wind and streamlined guide enclosures wind is able to have a top vertical wind guide up and effectively solved the problem of the car endlessly picturequre scene rubbish.Guide enclosures wind and truck of swing arm mechanical motion relationship Swinging arm type truck is to rely on the swing arm before and after exercise to ascend garbage box and realize the since installed or dump. So modified design new portfolio of top mobile guide enclosures wind, fluctuation open or closed with the swing arm swinging must be between corresponding coordination, namely the mechanical motion is according to operation requirements through hydraulic system for sequence control.Vehicle load transport conditionsHydraulic system three spool reversing valve valve core is the central position, swinging arm, inlet cover working condition at rest.Vehicle dump garbage conditionsDirectional control valves, pulled to the right in that right valve spool central position. Inhydraulic system under the effect of sequence control oil, first throughGuide enclosures wind small oil cylinder full open the inlet cover, then make main cylinder push to swing arm swinging, ascending car after dumping garbage dou compartments discharge box. Or fight .Vehicle outfit garbage conditionsThe working conditions of the directional control valve valve core right is pushed into a central location, through hydraulic system sequence control oil make swinging arm and conducting enclosures wind mechanical motion and the aforementioned dump contrary, namely first working back swinging arm, outfit garbage dou compartments, then close ventilation hood. So far, the garbage dump vehicle from the pack complete homework. Modification of vehicle performance after the influence of modified vehicle, its structure, weight after would affect the performance of vehicles? It needs from the following two major aspects of verification.Vehicles a force sex and economyThe budget of the windshield, adapted before adding area approximately 3 m2, the panels that vehicle air resistance FX increases, the formulaKnowable vehicle resistance increased by 1 7.6 ~ 2 840 N, namely 180 ~ 2.9 kg. In addition in the original car windshield wallboard and add by addingWeighing about 370 kg. Two total 550 ~ 660 kg, namely for increased vehicle maximum additional load. But this loose living garbage for maximum load with vehicles 3.5 ~ 4.0 t terms still not overload (rated load 5 t), its engine power, economy still in normal use range. Vehicle safety and handlingBecause modified vehicle integral structure still is symmetric, former rear-axle lotus distribution within the normal range. Therefore adapted for vehicles to, not the security of the system and manipulation of brake performance produce any adverse effects.摆臂式垃圾车二次改装防污染摘要：城市生活垃圾在运输途中,是否造成二次污染,必然与装运垃圾的车辆设计结构有直接关系。
中英文文献翻译-消防冲锋舟拖车设计
英文原文Fire assault boat trailer designAssault boat special trailer for wood type and wheel type vehicle, galvanized, using high-strengthwear-resistant polyethylene roller, anti-corrosion strong wood and developed a new type of special trailer. trailer with automobile manufacturing technology, equipped with a special fixture of a molding, ensuring the frame and practical aesthetics. One can store 3-5 assault boats, and supporting the use of motor vehicles in the vacuum tire, waterproof wire speed and LED taillight.Assault boat special trailer gather domestic and international various assault boat specifications and models, the use of internationally popular boat design concept, to ensure that the vehicle has reasonable design; with special fixture, ensure the quality of vehicle location; unifies the domestic actual situation, using wood as assault boat bottom bunk, ensure the uniform stress, transportation safety fast, easy to use; with the towing vehicle ( car ) for supporting the vacuum tire, ensure the safety car at high speed.The quality of fire assault boat trailers to product use high safety requirements, whether the processing technology or selection profiles, as well as parts of the selection, have higher requirements, they have such quality control of excellent combination, to ensure fire assault boat trailers and other equipment the use of safety, and to ensure that the rescue personnel life safety.The quality of fire assault boat trailers to the product design flexibility requirements higher, regardless of the specialty of emergency rescue equipment is a comprehensive emergency rescue equipment, as well as a comprehensive professional emergency rescue equipment, only with strong flexibility, to ensure fire punch front boat rescue equipment quickly and accurately the arrival of the first rescue scene, strive for more rescue time, also will have more risks this life, Wei emergency rescue team of professionals to provide reliable safe guard.The quality of fire assault boat trailer for products of professional degree and comprehensive to very high. Professional degree on behalf of the product required to reach a height, a comprehensive representationof the product itself and a plurality of function requirements, and to adapt to a variety of terrain and a varietyof emergency rescue, emergency rescue equipment for the integrated protection provided.Assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloadingAssault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading, including for loading assault boat trailer body, is arranged on the trailer body beneath the wheel, is arranged on the trailer body front and transport vehicle for connecting hook, which is characterized in that: the lower part and also includes the trailer body are in rotary connection vertical rod, one end and the vertical rod at the upper end of the first rotating shaft is connected by rail, arranged on the railThe other end for lifting the assault boat lifting mechanism, wherein the vertical rod rotation center along the upper and lower direction, the first shaft center line extends along the horizontal direction,Assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading, characterized in that: the trailer body is provided with upward opening slots, wherein the lower end of the vertical rod is inserted in the plug, the lower end of the vertical rod and the slots are arranged between the rotating bear. The rotation of vertical rod which consider revises the plumb direction.Both sides of the trailer body relative to said ground along the up-down direction slide is provided with at least two support frames, the trailer for transport to lose in the first work position and used for loading or unloading of second working position, when the trailer is in the first position, the wheels nadir below the support frame of the nadir, when the trailer is located in the second working position, the wheels of the nadir above the support frame of the nadir, the supporting frame. The trailer body is arranged between the two in the first work position to lock or second working position locking machine Structure. Cross rod and the vertical rod are arranged between the Jacks.The trailer body with the assault boat bottom surfaces that with the support surface, the support are arranged on the surface of silica gel. The lifting mechanism comprises fix on the rail connection, is wound around the connecting part of the traction rope, and attached to the traction cable for the assault boat edge is connected with the two connecting pieces.The two connecting piece is provided with the assault boat edge part matched with the card slot, the slot in the depth direction extends along the horizontal direction.Assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading technologyThe utility model relates to an assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading.The background technologyIn the existing technology used to transport assault boat trailers, usually includes only used for loading the assault boat trailer body, is arranged on the trailer body beneath the wheel, is arranged on the trailer body in front of the used and the transport vehicle. Take the hook, loaded or unloaded assault boats, need to achieve by crane, operation is troublesome.The utility model contentThe utility model solves the technical problem of providing an assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading. In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the utility model is: a kind of automatic loading and unloading assault boatThe trailer for loading, including assault boat trailer body, is arranged on the trailer body beneath the wheel, is arranged on the .In front of the trailer body for transport vehicle is connected to the lower end of the hook, also included with the trailer body is connected with the vertical rod, one end of the vertical rod and the upper end of the first rotating shaft is connected by rail, arranged on the other end of the transverse rod is used for lifting the assault boat lifting mechanism, wherein the vertical rod rotation center along the upper and lower direction, the first shaft center line extends along the horizontal direction.In some embodiments, the trailer body is provided with upward opening slots, the lower end of the vertical rod is inserted in the slot, the lower end of the vertical rod and the slots are arranged between the rotating bear. Stud rotation centers along the vertical extension.Both sides of the trailer body relative to said ground along the up-down direction slide is provided with atleast two support frame, used to transport trailer has the first work position and used for loading or unloading of second working position, when the trailer is in the first position, the wheel nadir below the support frame of the nadir, when the trailer is located in the second working position, the lowest point of the wheel is higher than that of the supporting frame of the nadir, the supporting frame and the trailer body is arranged between the two in the first work position will be locked or articleWorking position locks mechanism.In some embodiments, rod and the vertical rod are arranged between the jacks. The trailer body with the assault boat bottom that surfaces with the support surface, the support were arranged on the surface of silica gel. Easy to include boats under surface is not scratched. The lifting mechanism comprises a fixed on the rail connection.On the connection of the traction rope, connected to the traction cable for the assault boat edge is connected with the two connecting pieces.The two connecting piece is provided with the assault boat edge part matched with the card slot, the slot in the depth direction extends along the horizontal direction. Card slot and the assault boat edge part are matched, thereby increasing the force area, convenient protection boats not deformation.The utility model range, is not limited to the technical characteristics of the particular combination of the technical scheme, and also should be covered by the technical feature or its equivalent features for any combination of the formation of other technical scheme. In the above example features with similar functional technical characteristics are replaced each formed technical schemeThe technical scheme is used, the utility model has the following advantages: through the lift conformation can be assault boat lift, then turning pole, can be loaded or unloaded assault boats carried out, makes the trailer features than multiple, convenient operation.An assault boat trailer for automatically loading and unloading, including for loading assault boat trailer body, is arranged on the trailer body beneath the wheel, is arranged on the trailer body front and transport vehicle for connecting hooks, also consists of a lower part and the trailer body is connected vertical rod, one end of the vertical rod and the upper end of the first rotating shaft is connected by rail, arranged on the transverse rod and the other end of the used for lifting the assault boat lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a fixed on the rail connection, around on the connection of the traction rope, attached to the traction cable for the assault boat edge is connected with the two connecting pieces. The two connecting piece is provided with the assault boat edge part matched with the card slot, the slot in the depth direction extends along the horizontal direction.Vertical rod rotation center along the vertical direction, the first shaft center -line extends along the horizontal direction. The trailer body is provided with upward opening slots, the lower end of the vertical rod is inserted in the slot, the lower end of the vertical rod is arranged between the rotary bearing with slots. Both sides of the trailer body relative to said ground along the up-down direction slide is provided with at least two support frame, used to transport trailer has the first work position and used for loading or unloading of second working position, when the trailer is in the first position, the wheels nadir below the support frame the lowest point, when the trailer is located in the second working position, the lowest point of the wheel is higherthan that of the branch..Supporting frame for the lowest point, support frame and the trailer body is arranged between the two in the first work position to lock or second working position locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is not the utility model points, as long as it is able to be two phase sliding parts are locked in at least two working position of the locking mechanism can be used here, concrete structure in.Cross rod and the vertical rod are arranged between the jacks. The trailer body with the assault that boats bottom surface with the support surface, the support are arranged on the surface of silica gel. The boats are placed on the supporting surface, the contact between the larger, less force, transport processes in the assault boat more stable.中文翻译消防冲锋舟拖车设计冲锋舟专用拖车分为山木型和滚轮型，整车镀锌、采用高强度耐磨的聚乙烯滚轮、防腐较强的山木而研制的新型专用拖车，拖车采用汽车制造工艺，配备专用的工装夹具一次成型，确保车架实用美观。
机械毕业设计英文外文翻译154粉粒物料运输车罐体设计
附录附录A（英文文献原文）Unloading of bulk cement tank cargas tank designAbstract:This article discusses the gas tank car unloading of bulk cement to determine the shape of the tank structure, fluidized bed design, introduced the tank volume and load calculation.I. IntroductionGas tank car unloading of bulk cement transport and unloading of bulk cement to air a special car. It is the vehicle chassis in the shape of a cement plant in closed containers and accessories, and an air compressor, air compressor to power car engines. Cement compressed air to fluidized bed fluidized, under some pressure, cement transportation by pipeline to a certain height and horizontal distance of the concrete tower.Unloading of bulk cement trucks to gas can not only enhance the level of mechanization of loading and unloading of cement, save labor, reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions, and can reduce cement consumption, lower construction cost, to ensure the quality of cement. Practice shows that, compared with bagged cement handling, use of gas unloading of bulk cement truck, cargo handling efficiency can be increased by15 times, and cement to reduce the losses of about 4%, with significant social and economic benefits in the current timber resource poor country, the energy shortage Next, with great practical significance.Unloading of bulk cement tank gas tank is an important part of the car, which fluidized bed, tank shape, the effective volume and the direct impact on the total volume of gas unloading of bulk cement truck, two important indicators of professional performance - unloading time and the residual rate, and the vast majority of parts for the processing tank parts, therefore, the tank design is a very important task.Ⅱ.Determine the shape of the tank structureTanks are mainly vertical, horizontal, tilt, lifting style and type of trailer and semitrailer, etc.1. All hanging and trailer type, suitable for large tonnage, does not apply to low tonnage terms from the transport efficiency, semi-trailer better than cycling, such as automobile remodeling of XX9160GSN Xinxiang City carrying gas from the discharge of bulk cement trailer , selected EQ140K type tractor, load capacity 10 tons and more, for large-tonnage trucks, cement semi-trailer is a direction.2. Under the same discharge conditions, the vertical tank less than the expected horizontal tank left. Can not required because the vertical guide plate, chamber area of suitable transport is conducive to gas fluidization, the remaining rate is very low. Guide plate with horizontal tank, the tank cornersand more material on the more left. However, the overall layout of vertical tank, the vehicle center of gravity high technical performance of the vehicle impact, it is difficult to overcome the shortcomings of vertical tank.3. Fixed tilt. Discharge speed, remaining low, the higher center of gravity as to solve the problem, could offer a better type. Such as Inner Mongolia First Machinery Factory of ND2629-type bulk cement tanker is inclined horizontal tank, the discharge rate of up to 1.5 tons / min, the remaining rate of 0.2%, compared with JB3971, 1 "gas unloading bulk cement tank car technology ", on required much higher. But very few use this type.4. Lift with pump. Moving tank in a horizontal position, lifting a certain point of time after discharge gas discharge, discharge faster, less material left. Such as special car factory in Kunshan Lifting KS5301GSN type bulk cement tanker with a pump, lifting angle of 20o. However, the addition of a hydraulic lifting mechanism, not only increasing the cost and also increased operating and maintenance costs. With very little.5. Horizontal tank. Array layout in the vehicle's total, do not affect the chassis of the main performance, which is its outstanding advantages, it is the domestic and international air unloading of bulk cement of a type commonly used vehicles.Horizontal tank including the cylinder and head. There are oval-shaped head head, dished the first two, an overall cylindrical tube, with the cylinder body and perfect circle platform portfolio, but also oblique circular cylindricaland rectangular platform portfolio. Kaolv to the tank arrangement of the internal needs of fluidized bed, the total volume in the same circumstances, the third form of Bi Xing Shi effective Rongji before the two big, fluidized bed and Bu Zhi Fang Bian, while easing the tank weight. We therefore propose, horizontal cylinder and the tank should be straight oblique type combination of round table body. The composition of the tank structure shown in Figure 1.Figure l Tank structureⅢ.The design of fluidized bedDetermine the gas fluidized bed is designed for unloading of bulk cement truck key technology. Design goal is to improve the discharge efficiency, reduce tank dead zone, lower residual rate. Fluidized bed gasification bed by the inclined baffle components, end of support board assembly, composed of compression bars and screws.1. Oblique baffle2. Legislative panel3. Bracket4. Gasification board5. Lateral6. Countersunk head screwsFigure 2 Oblique baffle component architecture1. The choice of gasification boardGasification fluidized board is to ensure delivery of cement to meet the important parts, arrangement should be adopted when the block layout. At present, gasification panel are used in our soft, and commonly used are cotton canvas and polyester canvas. Breathable cotton canvas which is good, but easy to damp, sewage plug, so that permeability variation. As the cotton canvas and then rough surface, the remaining material will rise after discharge. Polyester, polyvinyl alcohol and other chemical fiber fabric is not easily wet, smooth etc, but the residual rate of electrostatic effects.2. Oblique baffle component design and calculationOblique baffle design, pay attention to consider reducing the dead zone of cement delivery process, consider the oblique baffle and tank wall welded airtight. To this end, we have designed to improve the structure of helicalbaffle component shown in Figure 2.Inside the tank, not only vertical oblique angled baffle. Horizontal plane is also tilted, so it and the tank complex internal cross-island line. Accurately calculate the oblique baffle size. Material can be cut off to facilitate the success of workers, making welding firm, to ensure airtight performance.First set up the design space equation and the oblique baffle tank space equation, application of computer calculated the intersection, which was inclined baffle size. Figure 3 shows the internal structure of the tankFigure 3 The internal structure of the tankⅣ.Tank volume and load calculationAfter investigation we found that most of the unloading of bulk cement truck gas tank is too large effective volume, that is, the quality of the tank to carry more than the rated load weight. This may be because the designer take into account the angle of repose as cement loading of cement in the jar can not be filled, it may meet the user's desire to want to be able to multi-loading, but there are two important reasons:1. Cement density greater than lt / m.JB3971 • 1 "gas unloading of bulk cement tank car technology" specified; "tank's effective volume, in order to cement density lt / m. Calculated:V = G／rAfter our testing, cement density of 1.28t / m, so by lt / m. To calculate the effective volume of exposure on the big difference, it easy to overload. For example, the design of a car containing quality 10t, most manufacturers will be effective volume of the tank is designed to l1.5m, Akira car drivers before and after using the method will be filled with cement, thus installed 14.72t, overload too much.2. The lack of precise calculation of the effective volumeAs the complexity of the internal structure of the tank, in fact, estimate the volume of calculation is often simplified, the results of large deviations.粉粒物料运输车罐体设计附录B（中文翻译）摘要：本文讨论了粉粒物料运输车罐体结构形状的确定，流态化床的设计，介绍了罐体容积与载重量的计算方法。
拉臂式垃圾车的改装设计
拉臂式垃圾车的改装设计首先，需要优化拉臂的结构和功能。
拉臂是垃圾车收集垃圾的关键部件，它的质量和性能直接影响到垃圾的收集效率和质量。
因此，在改装设计中，可以考虑使用高强度、耐磨损的材料制作拉臂，提高其抗拉、抗弯和抗磨性能，从而延长使用寿命。
此外，可以考虑在拉臂上增加自动翻转功能，使其能够自动将垃圾箱倒卸到车厢中，提高收集效率和人员安全性。
其次，需要改进垃圾车的卸载系统。
传统的垃圾车卸载系统通常是依靠倾斜式车厢，将垃圾箱倾斜倒卸。
这种方式存在噪音大、卸载不彻底和卸载效率低的问题。
因此，改装设计中可以考虑采用液压卸载系统，通过液压缸实现垃圾箱的水平卸载，减少噪音，提高卸载效率和质量。
另外，需要增加垃圾车的智能化和环保性能。
智能化可以通过在垃圾车上安装传感器和控制系统来实现。
传感器可以用于监测垃圾箱的填充情况和垃圾车的工作状态，控制系统可以实现自动化的垃圾收集和运输，提高工作效率和操作的准确性。
同时，可以考虑在垃圾车上安装尾气处理和噪音降低设备，减少排放和噪音对环境的影响，提高城市环保水平。
最后，需要加强垃圾车的安全性和舒适性。
安全性可以通过在垃圾车上安装安全防护装置来实现，如加装侧撞护栏、倒车雷达等设备，提高操作员和行人的安全性。
舒适性可以通过改善垃圾车的驾驶室环境来实现，如加装空调、音响和舒适座椅等设备，提高操作员的工作舒适度。
综上所述，对拉臂式垃圾车进行改装设计是很有必要的。
通过优化拉臂的结构和功能、改进卸载系统、增加智能化和环保性能以及加强安全性和舒适性，可以提高垃圾车的收集效率和质量，减少对环境的影响，提高城市环保水平。
中英文文献翻译—拉臂式垃圾车设计
附录AThe Design of Pull Arm Garbage Truck1The introduction of Pull Arm Garbage TruckPull arm garbage truck is equipped with two types of chassis that has a trunk load and unloading functions to pull arm device-specific vehicles. It can be achieved with car trunk the combination and separation, while the bulk of the trunk to achieve self-unloading cargo operations. The model has been widely used in foreign countries, often in the domestic industry as a sanitation refuse collection vehicles. 5 t pull arm garbage truck is one of the commonly used models, compared to 8 t Arm pull over large tonnage trucks, the pull-arm device structure is relatively simple and easy to domestic Manufacturers; And large tonnage often imported pull arm device. Domestic Manufacturers producing 5 t pull the car pulling the boom arm structure of the device, although about the same, but the important structural parameters of the selection and design of different structural arrangement, it will directly affect the car performance]20[.2 Pull the boom structure and principle of the device2.1 The structural characteristics of pull-arm device5 t pull arm garbage truck pulling device consists of pulling the boom arm and pull arm cylinder, the United Moving frame, trunk insurance hook and cylinder, and the frame. La Boom device structural arrangement shown in figure 2, pull telescopic arm is not used right-angle bend structure. the end of the cylinder and pull the piston rod side arm hinged on the hinge pivot B; Another linkage frame front end and hinged at the hinge pivot C, the formation of a rotary arm pull heart. Cylinder head cylinder arm pull side hinged front frame on the hinge pivot A; linkage frame hinged rear axle frame rear hinge pivot D, the formation of linkage rotary frame heart. Insurance linkage trunk rack hook set the hook cylinder and insurance cylinder.2.2 The working principle of the device arm pullPulling garbage truck arm by pulling the device to complete the function of two different dynamic, for boxes and dumping. When the pull device for boom box action, the first cylinder insurance hook action open the trunk insurance hook, trunk lift insurance. Pull lift arm cylinder piston rod elongation from the pull arm, pull arm to pivot around the hinge C clockwise rotation, the hook arm to pull back move. If the frame is equipped with a trunk, the trunk was pushed home ground. When put on the frame, so that the first hook retractor trunk rings, and contraction of the piston rod, pull arm to hinge pivot counter-clockwise rotation axis C, will put on the flat trunk, the insurance cylinder hook action, pull carriagesinsurance hook fixed to the frame to the trunk.When the pull-arm device dumping action, and action for different box, trunk insurance hook dump in the whole process to ensure that tension in the arm and trunk are not isolated, that is pull arm、the linkage through the trunk rack and trunk link between the insurance as one of the hook, by the deputy rear frame hinge pivot clockwise rotation axis D, lifting carriages lifted until the refuse rubbish. Trunk reset, as long as the retraction of cylinder piston rod pull arm, the pulling arm body still hinge pivot point D is the shaft counterclockwise rotation, until the trunk reset.3 La Boom Selection and design of device structure parameters3.1 Device to pull the boom pivot hinge arrangement and geometry of the main structureDetermined by the following three areas:a. Arm by pulling a dump truck performance, it is 5 t pull the best selection of cars from the arm unloading chassis, the chassis can be selected according to the length of pull arm device to determine frame the total length. To ensure the car to pull arm for changing trunk and dumping action by the force of the chassis reasonable and complete the dumping arm pull action pivot hinge rotation axis D of the location should be arranged in behind the rear spring plate from the chassis rear bearing axis, the spacing is about 0 ~ 100 mm.b. According to the first hinge pivot D arm pull for me the beginning of the selected pivot hinge rotation axis C. In the design and production of the actual process of pulling the car arm in arm had appeared during the pull action although the initial state, pull arm lift carriages, failed to pull arm pivot around the hinge C rotation, but with the linkage frame with the rotation around the hinge pivot point D, which can not get trunk open the beginning of fall; when lifting a certain height, the action of gravity in the trunk, the hinge will pivot C a sudden fall, so pull arm, the linkage frame and carriages suddenly drop, resulting in relatively large; in hit, resulting in extremely unsafe for me a smooth action. To resolve this problem, determine the hinge point C of the axis position is especially important. First the one hand, the horizontal axis of pivot C can not above the level layout of pivot D. In addition, by the hinge can pivot C stress analysis know, the hinge pivot axis of C must be below the level of tension hinge pivot arm cylinder head horizontal axis, while the hook arm pull-start action must be arranged in the vertical axis of the hinge pivot between C and the hinge pivot left foot.c. Important geometrical parameters arm pull a pull arm foot radius of gyration for pull the oil boom turning radius of the cylinder piston rod end of radius of gyration of the angle between the two radius. From the above points analysis we know that, The smaller of radius. The greater the force needed to pull the smaller cylinder arm. Meet the requirements underthe premise of arms-for-me pull-foot turning radius, the smaller the better, La boom cylinder rod side radius of gyration R. The bigger the better as far as possible, so that can pull compact boom, operating small space]21[.3.2 The selection of pull arm cylinder and cylinder installation angle y. The range ofDetermined by the following two aspects:a. By mapping method or analytical method to determine the location of the above the hinge pivot and Pull arm geometry and other components, may initially determine the pull-stroke arm cylinder and installation distance.b. Pull arm cylinder mounting angle of La Boom is the important structural parameters of devices. By the former knowledge, pull the boom box or device for carrying out the process of dumping action, pull the oil boom cylinders have to be overcome trunk (full load) resistance torque generated by gravity, and the lifting crane action start unloading boxes when the moment of resistance is the greatest moment of resistance to overcome, and in Boom began pulling action of the hinge pivot device static friction and inertia moment of resistance Maximum torque. So pull arm cylinder mounting angle y. From the previous analysis we know, when angle larger, the pull arm cylinder smaller maximum thrust required, select the pull arm cylinder bore can be smaller.By pulling in the boom cylinder is installed between the frame and trunk floor, oil cylinder installation layout space is limited, so the pull arm cylinder mounting angle range is also very limited. Design principles to children as much as possible to install a large angle, choose the right drawing arm oil pulling arm cylinder bore to meet performance requirements for the use of vehicles, without increasing the cost and fuel tank weight, and easy layout. Analysis and comparison of some domestic manufacturers to produce 5 t pull arm ,the actual design and production of cars and trucks pulling arm experience, 5 t pull arm around the installation space vehicles between 250 ~ 300 mm, the general tension arm cylinder mounting angle should be Taken between 3°~5°.附录B拉臂式垃圾车设计1拉臂车概述拉臂式垃圾车是在二类汽车底盘上装有使车箱具有装载和卸载功能的拉臂架装置的专用汽车。
中英文文献翻译—粉粒物料运输车罐体设计
附录附录A （英文文献原文）Unloading of bulk cement tank car gas tank design Abstract:This This article article article discusses discusses discusses the the the gas gas gas tank tank tank car car car unloading unloading unloading of of of bulk bulk bulk cement cement cement to to to determine determine determine the the the shape shape shape of of of the the the tank tank structure, fluidized bed design, introduced the tank volume and load calculation.I. IntroductionGas tank car unloading of bulk cement transport and unloading of bulk cement to air a special car. It is the vehicle chassis in the shape shape of of of a a a cement cement cement plant plant plant in in in closed closed closed containers containers containers and and and accessories, accessories, accessories, and and and an an an air air air compressor, compressor, compressor, air air air compressor compressor compressor to to to power power power car car car engines. engines. engines. Cement Cement compressed compressed air air air to to to fluidized fluidized fluidized bed bed bed fluidized, fluidized, fluidized, under under under some some some pressure, pressure, pressure, cement cement cement transportation transportation transportation by by by pipeline pipeline pipeline to to to a a a certain certain certain height height height and and and horizontal horizontal distance of the concrete tower.Unloading of bulk cement trucks to gas can not only enhance the level of mechanization of loading and unloading of cement, save labor, reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions, and can reduce cement consumption, lower construction cost, to ensure the quality of cement. Practice shows that, compared with bagged cement handling, use of gas unloading of bulk cement truck, cargo handling efficiency can be increased by 15 times, and cement to reduce the losses of about 4%, with significant social and economic benefits in the current timber resource poor country, the energy shortage Next, with great practical significance.Unloading of bulk cement tank gas tank is an important part of the car, which fluidized bed, tank shape, the effective volume and the direct impact on the total volume of gas unloading of bulk cement truck, two important indicators of professional performance - unloading time and the residual rate, and the vast majority of parts for the processing tank parts, therefore, the tank design is a very important task.Ⅱ.Determine the shape of the tank structureTanks are mainly vertical, horizontal, tilt, lifting style and type of trailer and semitrailer, etc. 1. 1. All All All hanging hanging hanging and and and trailer trailer trailer type, type, type, suitable suitable suitable for for for large large large tonnage, tonnage, tonnage, does does does not not not apply apply apply to to to low low low tonnage tonnage tonnage terms terms terms from from from the the the transport transport transport efficiency, efficiency, semi-trailer better than cycling, such as automobile remodeling of XX9160GSN Xinxiang City carrying gas from the discharge of bulk cement trailer , selected EQ140K type tractor, load capacity 10 tons and more, for large-tonnage trucks, cement semi-trailer is a direction.2. Under the same discharge conditions, the vertical tank less than the expected horizontal tank left. Can not required because the vertical guide plate, chamber area of suitable transport is conducive to gas fluidization, the remaining rate is very low. Guide plate with horizontal tank, the tank corners and more material on the more left. However, the overall layout of vertical tank, the vehicle center of gravity high technical performance of the vehicle impact, it is difficult to overcome the shortcomings of vertical tank.3. Fixed tilt. Discharge speed, remaining low, the higher center of gravity as to solve the problem, could offer a better type. Such as Inner Mongolia First Machinery Factory of ND2629-type bulk cement tanker is inclined horizontal tank, the discharge rate of up to 1.5 tons / min, the remaining rate of 0.2%, compared with JB3971, 1 "gas unloading bulk cement tank car technology ", on required much higher. But very few use this type.4. Lift with pump. Moving tank in a horizontal position, lifting a certain point of time after discharge gas discharge, discharge faster, less material left. Such as special car factory in Kunshan Lifting KS5301GSN type bulk cement tanker with a pump, lifting angle of 20o. However, the addition of a hydraulic lifting mechanism, not only increasing the cost and also increased operating and maintenance costs. With very little.5. 5. Horizontal tank. Horizontal tank. Array Array layout layout layout in in in the the the vehicle's total, vehicle's total, do do not affect the not affect the c hassis chassis chassis of of of the the the main performance, main performance, which which is its is its outstanding advantages, it is the domestic and international air unloading of bulk cement of a type commonly used vehicles.Horizontal tank including the cylinder and head. There are oval-shaped head head, dished the first two, an overall cylindrical tube, with the cylinder body and perfect circle platform portfolio, but also oblique circular cylindrical and rectangular platform portfolio. Kaolv to the tank arrangement of the internal needs of fluidized bed, the total volume in the same circumstances, the third form of Bi Xing Shi effective Rongji before the two big, fluidized bed and Bu Zhi Fang Bian, while easing the tank weight. We therefore propose, horizontal cylinder and the tank should be straight oblique type combination of round table body. The composition of the tank structure shown in Figure 1. Figure l Tank structure Ⅲ.The design of fluidized bedDetermine Determine the the the gas gas gas fluidized fluidized fluidized bed bed bed is is is designed designed designed for for for unloading unloading unloading of of of bulk bulk bulk cement cement cement truck truck truck key key key technology. technology. technology. Design Design Design goal goal goal is is is to to to improve improve improve the the discharge efficiency, reduce tank dead zone, lower residual rate. Fluidized bed gasification bed by the inclined baffle components, end of support board assembly, composed of compression bars and screws.1. Oblique baffle 2. Legislative panel 3. Bracket 4. Gasification board 5. Lateral 6. Countersunk head screws Figure 2 Oblique baffle component architecture 1. The choice of gasification board Gasification fluidized board is to ensure delivery of cement to meet the important parts, arrangement should be adopted when the block layout. At present, gasification panel are used in our soft, and commonly used are cotton canvas and polyester canvas. Breathable cotton canvas which is good, but easy to damp, sewage plug, so that permeability variation. As the cotton canvas and then rough surface, the remaining material will rise after discharge. Polyester, polyvinyl alcohol and other chemical fiber fabric is not easily wet, smooth etc, but the residual rate of electrostatic effects.2. Oblique baffle component design and calculation Oblique baffle design, pay attention to consider reducing the dead zone of cement delivery process, consider the oblique baffle and tank wall welded airtight. To this end, we have designed to improve the structure of helical baffle component shown in Figure 2. Inside the tank, not only vertical oblique angled baffle. Horizontal plane is also tilted, so it and the tank complex internal cross-island line. line. Accurately Accurately Accurately calculate calculate calculate the the the oblique oblique oblique baffle baffle baffle size. size. size. Material Material Material can can can be cut be cut off off to to to facilitate the facilitate the success success of of of workers, workers, workers, making making making welding welding welding firm, to firm, to ensure airtight performance.First set up the design space equation and the oblique baffle tank space equation, application of computer calculated the intersection, which was inclined baffle size. Figure 3 shows the internal structure of the tank Figure 3 The internal structure of the tankⅣ.Tank volume and load calculationAfter After investigation investigation investigation we we we found found found that that that most most most of of of the the the unloading unloading unloading of of of bulk bulk bulk cement cement cement truck truck truck gas gas gas tank tank tank is is is too too too large large large effective effective effective volume, volume, volume, that that that is, is, is, the the quality of the tank to carry more than the rated load weight. This may be because the designer take into account the angle of repose as cement loading of cement in the jar can not be filled, it may meet the user's desire to want to be able to multi-loading, but there are two important reasons:1. Cement density greater than lt / m. JB3971 JB3971 • • 1 "g as as unloading unloading of bulk bulk cement cement cement tank tank car car technology" technology" technology" specified; specified; "tank's "tank's effective effective effective volume, volume, volume, in in order to cement density lt / m. Calculated:V = G／r After our testing, cement density of 1.28t / m, so by lt / m. To calculate the effective volume of exposure on the big difference, it easy to overload. For example, the design of a car containing quality 10t, most manufacturers will be effective volume of the tank is designed to l1.5m, Akira car drivers before and after using the method will be filled with cement, thus installed 14.72t, overload too much.2. The lack of precise calculation of the effective volume As the complexity of the internal structure of the tank, in fact, estimate the volume of calculation is often simplified, the results of large deviations.粉粒物料运输车罐体设计附录B（中文翻译）摘要：摘要：本文讨论了粉粒物料运输车罐体结构形状的确定，流态化床的设计，介绍了罐体容积与载重量的计算方法。
基于有限元的S拉臂式自卸装置多目标优化设计
基于有限元的S拉臂式自卸装置多目标优化设计王中长【摘要】以有限元理论为基础,应用有限元仿真软件建立S拉臂式自卸装置有限元模型,联合多目标优化软件工具,应用遗传算法对拉臂的结构进行优化,得出在工程可行性约束条件下的拉臂设计方案,以提高拉臂性能.对比原始设计、优化结果,发现多目标优化是一种行之有效的改善拉臂设计的方法.【期刊名称】《滨州学院学报》【年(卷),期】2019(035)002【总页数】4页(P79-82)【关键词】拉臂式;多目标优化;遗传算法;结构设计【作者】王中长【作者单位】滨州学院机电工程学院,山东滨州256603【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U463拉臂式自卸装置广泛用于环卫车、物流、建筑、道路养护和工程机械施工等领域。
国内现在主要应用在环卫车领域。
拉臂式垃圾车又称车厢可卸式垃圾车，是一种常用的环卫垃圾车品种。
其特点是箱体自动装卸和垃圾倾卸，一台主车可以同时配合多个垃圾箱，成本低，便于管理。
相对于将垃圾收集然后用普通自卸车运往垃圾场的运送方式，拉臂车可以减少一次垃圾的装卸过程，减轻工人的劳动强度，提高工作效率[1]。
为提高设计水平，改善拉臂钩的使用性能，针对某专用车公司开发的S拉臂式自卸装置进行优化设计。
拉臂钩是钢板冲压焊接结构，各个部分钢板的厚度与结构的刚度、强度和质量有直接的关系。
其中板厚对拉臂钩的各个性能是相互影响、相互耦合的，如果仍采用一般传统的优化算法基本找不到最优解。
所以预采用多目标优化设计软件来更好更快地解决该计算问题，特别是利用软件里自带的多岛遗传算法可以快速发现整体最优解[2]。
1 S式拉臂钩原模型静力和模态分析1.1 S式拉臂钩结构图1所示为S式拉臂车自卸装置结构示意图，主要由上臂、下臂、举升缸、副车架、翻转架、伸缩油缸和滑块等部件组成。
工作过程中上臂需要在伸缩缸作用沿着下臂空腔滑动，为了使其运动更加顺畅，在上臂和下臂之间安装8块滑块，4块滑块固定在下臂尾部，4块滑块固定在上臂根部[3]。
干式清扫车外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
cartridge, and electric control system of walking system, etc, with high dust collection range, the net absorption rate, no secondary dust suction, and outlet no dust emissions, high working efficiency, etc. Is the preferred product for sanitation clean and material recycling. Suitable for the industrial and mining enterprises that produce dust, high concentration and high density of dust and dust; The rapid cleaning and cleaning of urban elevated, fast roads and tunnels; Cleaning and cleaning of main street, high grade highway and highway.The dry cleaning car is introducedDry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard.Multi-function all-suction cleaning carMulti-functional total suction sweep road car is to use the patent technology development of new products, it has changed the past the traditional method for cleaning the car plate rolling brush brush sweep, but all adopt the airflow to finish the homework, using air movement mode to hoard dust and garbage collection, so the efficiency is very high. This product can reduce dust pollution effectively, improve air quality, reduce the amount of particulate matter in air, and improve people's living environment.Why do you need to use a sweeping carThe traditional answer: sweep the road to clean the floor, wash the floor to wash and dry all kinds of ground.The professional answer: the road car can not only solve the problem but also make more profit for the user.The sweeping car can solve the following problems:People live in a dusty environment with health problems;Environmental indicators required by state laws or local regulations;A problem caused by premature excess of the road due to dust or garbage;The product of the production workshop is contaminated by dust;The problem of dust pollution of fixed or moving machines in production workshops;The ability to bring greater profits (or savings) :The sweeping vacuuming system of sweeping cars is equivalent to about 6-40 times artificial;The level of 2, reduce dust pollution to the environment (to save time and money, reduce artificial cleaning of product appearance, cleaning and maintenance of mechanical equipment and periodic health work environment, etc.)Improve the efficiency of work and increase the motivation of the operator.A clean and tidy environment not only improves the image of the city, but also contributes to the construction of urban culture and the initiative of the citizens.The comparison between the mechanical and the manual1, work efficiency, the same homework area time is greatly shortened;The clean cost of the mechanical unit area is, to be sure, lower than the artificial cost. Clean effect, the machine can avoid the problem that the cleaner USES not average, the clean effect is not unified;4, safety performance, let clean workers in the safe environment (the traffic on the road is too much, and the safety of the self is not strong).Economic returns, for example, take a car for example, how much money it spent on the day it stopped using, the real price. In addition to the cost of investment, there are operational costs and labor costs.Sweep road car industry in China after decades of development, products from a single pure sweep type development to the present a variety of types, product performance and product quality rapidly improved, especially after the reform and opening up, by importing key purchased components to sweep road car product performance and reliability is greatly increased. But at present, the level of the road car in China is different from that of developed countries in other countries, especially in the reliability of the product. To improve the level of the sweep road car as soon as possible, reducing the gap with advanced countries sweep road car, meet the requirements of the sanitation department for road surface cleaning operation in our country, sweep road car production enterprise should choose an appropriate sweep road car research direction. With the development of the society, the progress, are no longer satisfied with the simple sense of vacuum sweeper, will from the perspectives of multifunctional, environmental protection, economy, to ask for more, call can satisfy the various needs of vacuuming car market. Is under such circumstances, the Chinese construction bureau of luoyang construction machinery factory and luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD. Jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights of new multifunctional suction all sweep road car is now officially put on the market. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning operation, more suitable for square, roads, residential district, parking lot, wharf, airport, station, cement plants, power plants and other places clean dust removal.In order to avoid operation error, the control valve mainly distinguishes the main valve and the auxiliary valve. Then the two valve is, where is the main difference, the main valve driven by sweep road car chassis, vice valve power from the special function of the engine. The common engine of the road scavenging car has the north facing the wood, the jiangling, cummins. Main valve management chassis shell carriage tilt and carriages behind the back door of hydraulic pressure switch, the deputy valve management four brush to sweep road car (can be individually controlled one or all of the work) and suction cups.2, the engine's secondary engine is different from the engine, but the average speed is around 1500 to 18003, according to the needs of work, generally can choose whether to take water spray dustfunction, general configuration generally take after water spray, also need to pay attention to the clear water tank of water is enough, clear water tank volume, working time may have difference.4, the road sweepers electromagnetism multi-channel valve pressure adjustment is normally on the overflow valve, the user can adjust the pressure appropriately to change the speed of the sweeping brush.5, additional sweeper can choose according to the road vehicle whether brush to brush on the left and the right to work at the same time, such as sweeping the road corner is only open one side of the brush rotation work here in the corner6, the dustbin of the scavenging car may have small dust deposits, and manual processing is required to clean up the dustbin.7, the distance from the sweeping car to the ground should be adjusted according to the condition of the road.The scavenging tube may often have dirt and mud, and it will need to be cleaned up regularly for better results.9, control the electrical parts of the box in order to use a more stable need to replace a piece.10, the sanitation worker should regularly check whether the functional areas are normalIn order to avoid the effects of foreign bodies in hydraulic oil on the normal operation of the electromagnetic control valves, the sanitation workers should check the hydraulic oil regularly.12, it is normal to check the limit device of the clutch power push rod of the engine.13, the time interval should be five seconds when the floor is converted14, when a hydraulic part of a road sweeper is not working properly, check the oil circuit before checking the circuit.(1) the reason that the circuit is partially abnormal may be: insurance disconnection, line connection looseness, line break(2) there may be reasons for the abnormal flow of oil: the oil pump failure, the breakdown of the tubing, the leakage of oil from the oil circuit, and the failure of the solenoid valve. Cleaning workOpen the control box and point the control valve to the secondary valve position2 start vice machine3 the clutch control button points to the closed position, and the fan starts to work4 point the dust box control knob to the descending positionThe left sweep or right sweep control button points to the descending position6 turn the left sweep or right sweep the control knob to the positive position (left pan clockwise, right hand counterclockwise)The left spray, the right water spray, and the rear water control knob point to the open positionSet the pump control button to the open positionThe car moves at the right speed and begins to sweepCleaning the endThe car stopped runningControl the pump control button, left spray control button, right water control button, and rear water jet control knob point to close position3 will sweep the control button to the middle position4 move the dial to the position of the liter and then point to the middle positionPoint the dust box to the top and point to the middle positionPoint the clutch to the position of the point, and then point to the middle position7 control the control key point to the middle positionClose the secondary engineTurn off the power of the control boxWaste dischargedOpen the control box and point the control knob to the main valve position2 start the main engine of the vehicleStep 3 on the clutchTurn on the oil pump clutch switch.Release the clutch at the appropriate speed6 position the back door control knob on the control box to point to the open position, and then point to the middle position in 5 secondsThe control button is pointed at the Angle of the carriage, and the control key points to the middle position at any time8 garbage cleaningWhen the garbage is cleared, the control button is pointed to the lower position, and the control button points to the middle position after the carriage returnSet the back door to the center of the lock, and then point to the middle position 10 seconds laterClean up the garbageStep on the clutch13 attach the additional pump clutch control button (inward push)Release the clutch at the appropriate speedThe control valve of the control box points to the middle positionTurn off the control boxBest environment for the type of scavenging carWet sweeping road, highway, road surface areaNo brush dry sweep road, highway, north cold outdoor workThere is a brush dry sweeping car, which is not normal, and it is the same as wet .道路清扫车是集路面清扫、垃圾回收和运输为一体的新型高效清扫设备。
车辆工程毕业设计4摆臂式垃圾车改装设计说明书
本科学生毕业设计摆臂式垃圾车改装设计系部名称：汽车与交通工程学院专业班级：车辆工程学生姓名：指导教师：职称：讲师The Graduation Design for Bachelor's DegreeDesign of Dong Feng 140 Swinging ArmType Truc kCandidate：Yin BaoshengSpecialty：Veheicle EngineeringClass：B07-2Supervisor：Lecturer Lv DegangHeilongjiang Institute of Technology摘要摆臂式垃圾车是装备有可回转的起重摆臂，车斗或集装垃圾悬吊在起重摆臂上,随起重摆臂回转、起落、实现垃圾自装自卸的专业自卸汽车。
发展摆臂式垃圾车具有节约资源,保护环境和减轻劳动强度等诸多优点。
目前，摆臂式垃圾车已经得到了广泛的应用，垃圾运输己经影响到我们生活的每一部分，对国民经济的发展有着重要的意义。
文中介绍了摆臂式垃圾车的改装设计说明。
对车厢、摆臂装置、副车架、液压系统和附属机构进行了设计，并对不同方案进行了比较分析，保证了摆臂式垃圾车的先进性及实用性。
叙述了在改装摆臂式垃圾车过程中容易出现的问题及相关专用设备的工作原理，并对整车性能进行了分析。
关键词：专用汽车；液压系统；垃圾运输；摆臂装置；附属机构ABSTRACTSwinging arm type truck is equipped with can turn around lifting swinging arm, the car fight or containers junk is suspensory on lifting swinging arm, with lifting swinging arm again, taking off and landing from the pack of MSW dump professional dump trucks.Development of swing arm garbage trucks with saving resources, protecting the environment and reduce labor intensity, and many other advantages. At present, swinging arm type truck has a wide range of applications, garbage transportation already affected every part of our lives for the development of national economy, has an important significance.This paper introduces the modification of swing arm garbage design explains. For car, swinging arm device, hydraulic system and affiliates carried on the detailed design, and the different schemes are compared and analyzed, and guarantee the swing arm advanced and practical roll-off garbage trucks. Describes the modification process of roll-off garbage trucks swing arm of the problems and related to the working principle of special equipment, and the vehicle performance is analyzed.Key words:Special Vehicle；Hydraulic system；Junk transportation；Swinging arm device；Subsidiary body目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 摆臂式垃圾车的目的和意义 (1)1.2 国内外现状及发展前景 (1)1.2.1 国内外发展现状 (1)1.2.2 摆臂式垃圾车的发展前景 (1)1.3 国外专用汽车产品的特点及其发展趋势 (2)1.3.1 国外专用汽车产品的特点 (2)1.3.2 国外专用汽车产品的现状及其发展趋势 (3)1.4 课题主要内容 (3)第2章方案设计分析与整车总布置 (5)2.1 方案设计与分析 (5)2.2 整车总布置 (5)2.2.1 车厢厢体布置及副车架外型尺寸的确定 (5)2.2.2 摆臂形式的选取与布置 (5)2.2.3 液压装置的布置 (5)2.3 二类底盘选型 (7)2.3.1 二类底盘初选 (7)2.3.2 二类底盘装载质量的初步校核 (7)2.4 本章小结 (8)第3章车厢装置及副车架设计计算 (9)3.1 车厢外形尺寸设计 (9)3.1.1 初步确定车厢尺寸及材料 (9)3.1.2 车厢的设计规范及尺寸确定 (9)3.2 副车架的设计 (9)3.2.1 副车架的截面形状及尺寸 (10)3.2.2 加强板的布置 (10)3.2.3 副车架前端形状及尺寸 (11)3.2.4 纵梁与横梁的连接设计 (13)3.3 本章小结 (15)第4章液压系统 (16)4.1 液压油缸的选择 (17)4.2 举升能力的校核 (17)4.2.1 初始位置状态的校核 (17)4.2.2 液压油缸举升状态的校核 (17)4.3 液压泵及控制阀的选择 (18)4.3.1 液压泵及流量确定 (19)4.3.2 液压原理及液压控制阀的确定 (20)4.4本章小结 (21)第5章摆臂的结构与设计计算 (22)5.1 吊装工况受力分析 (22)5.2倾卸时的受力分析 (23)5.3 本章小结 (24)第6章辅助系统设计 (24)6.1 取力机构的设计与选型 (24)6.2 液力马达的选型 (25)6.3 本章小结 (27)结论 (28)参考文献 (29)致谢 (30)附录 (31)第1章绪论1.1摆臂式垃圾车的目的和意义垃圾处理工作是城市建设和管理的重要内容，与人民生活密切相关。
拉臂式垃圾车的改装设计
关键词：自卸功能；举升机构；一车多箱；液压机构；翻转架
ABSTRACT
Garbage disposal is an important content of urban construction and management, which is closely to people’s life .As the development of our country economy and the growth of people’s living standard, sanitation departments need to dispose an increasing number and kinds of garbage. It’s no doubt that the workload of garbage disposal will be increased, in this way, the efficiency of garbage disposal will be a significant problem we are facing. The truck can drag the underground rubbish along with the dustbin up to the truck, then carry away and download automatically, that decrease greatly worker’s power of work. The truck can also realize” one truck several carton”, which reduce tremendously the match cost and space, etc. The function of its isolated plant was powered by automobile engine, and realized by the manual or electric operation of hydraulic mechanism. The body of carton adopts quality carbon steel totally-sealing welding structure, it has strong point of high strength, light weight, do not produce secondary pollution. The article acts as the design specification of the pull arm garbage truck, first introduced the pull arm garbage truck research situation, as the class of vehicle design data is not perfect, considering the car can achieve dump function at the same time, by the same type of vehicles’ related design to finish the design of lifting bodies, the subframe and flip stand, and different designs were compared to ensure that the pull arm garbage trucks advanced and practical.
微型拉臂式垃圾车液压系统的设计
微型拉臂式垃圾车液压系统的设计作者：王海峰，周远，屈渊波来源：《专用汽车》 2010年第5期摘要：通过对拉臂式垃圾车在各种工作状态下主推油缸的受力分析及计算，介绍了微型拉臂式垃圾车的液压系统的设计方案和主要液压元件选型。
关键词：拉臂式垃圾车受力分析液压系统Abstract Through the calculation and analysis of the strength bearing of the main cylinder push of the garbage truck working under any condition, the design of the hydraulic pressure of the garbage truck and the different types of hydraulic components was introduced.Key words arm type garbage truck;force analysis;hydraulic pressure中图分类号：U469.6+91.02文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-0226(2010)05-0062-031 前言拉臂式垃圾车又称为车厢可卸式垃圾车，它同时具有垃圾自卸和厢体自动装卸功能。
该车工作效率高且可服务于多个垃圾厢体。
随着中、小城市规划的日益完善，微型拉臂式垃圾车也逐渐走进了乡村、生活小区、校园，使之逐步成为生活设施的一部分。
本文以1 t拉臂式垃圾车为例，通过对拉臂架在不同工作状态下的受力分析，介绍其液压系统主要参数的确定以及关键液压元件的选型方法。
拉臂式垃圾车整车如图1所示，其液压系统如图2所示。
2 拉臂架装置的结构和工作原理2.1 结构特点1 t拉臂式垃圾车拉臂架装置，主要由拉臂和主推油缸、锁臂架、车厢锁臂和锁臂油缸以及副车架组成。
拉臂架装置结构如图3所示。
拉臂采用的是不可伸缩的直角折弯结构，其一端与主推油缸的活塞杆端铰接于铰支点B；另一端与锁架前端C点铰接，形成了拉臂的旋转轴心。
自卸汽车举升系统浅谈外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题 A Brief Description of Lift Truck System
译文标题自卸汽车举升系统浅谈
作者所在系别机械工程系
作者所在专业车辆工程
作者所在班级B13141
作者姓名马兴瑜
作者学号201322283
指导教师姓名刘志强
指导教师职称讲师
完成时间2017 年 3 月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。
2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。
城市拉臂式环卫车结构设计
城市拉臂式环卫车结构设计拉臂式垃圾车作为现代环卫设备的主要组成部分，论文着重对1 t拉臂式垃圾车为例介绍一种小型的城市使用的拉臂垃圾车的结构设计。
主要对副车架、翻转架及锁止机构等结构进行讲解。
标签：拉臂式垃圾车；副车架；锁止机构1 引言近十几年来国内外环卫装备的出现和发展使得城市垃圾处理变得得心应手，现代环卫设备已经能够实现清扫、收集、运输、预处理和处理等多种工作，大大提高了城市环卫部门的效率。
但近几年城市交通堵塞问题越来越严重，大多数城市禁止大型车辆进出市区，大型的环卫车辆的出入不仅影响市容市貌，还带来交通上的拥堵。
所以小型及美观型环卫装备越来越受城市环卫工人喜爱。
本文便以1 t拉臂式垃圾车的设计为例，介绍其重要结构参数的确定及车辆性能。
2 城市拉臂式环卫车2.1 1t拉臂式垃圾车简述1t拉臂式垃圾车是一款小型垃圾收集和运输功能为一体垃圾收运车辆。
它主要由汽车底盘、拉臂上裝及液压系统总成三大部分组成。
拉臂上装通过销轴将拉臂、翻转架及副车架连接组成。
拉臂上装具有垃圾自卸和箱体自动装卸的功能且可实现箱体与汽车底盘的结合和分离，同时能够对车箱内垃圾实现自卸作业。
2.2 拉臂上装1 t拉臂式垃圾车上装由拉臂、翻转架及副车架等结构组成。
拉臂上装结构布置如图2.1所示。
2.2.1 拉臂结构设计拉臂采用了不可伸缩直角折弯式通用结构。
拉臂底部留有三处销轴安装孔，前端与拉臂油缸的活塞杆端铰接，中间轴心与翻转架前端轴心铰接，形成拉臂的回转轴心，后端与锁止油缸无杆端铰接。
2.2.2 副车架结构设计副车架底框采用一张板整体制作成型，相比传统小型拉臂装置副车架使用板料拼接或矩管焊接成型，除整体结构强度较高优势之外，上装更具美观性，符合城市用车要求。
副车架底框与副车架后横梁采用对接方式进行焊接，为保证副车架整体强度，较少焊接变形对副车架影响，利用副车架底框与后横梁之间板料，折弯形成底框加强筋，同时增加原材料利用率。
副车架前端与拉臂油缸固定端铰接，形成拉臂油缸回转中心，副车架后端与翻转架后端铰接，铰接轴心在副车架后端的铰支点上，形成联动架的回转轴心。
车厢可卸式垃圾车英文
车厢可卸式垃圾车英文Removable Garbage TruckRemovable garbage truck is a kind of sanitation car. Generally, its main body is composed of five parts: main boby, cargo compartment, cab, tailgate and dumper. The main body is mainly used for controlling and housing the engine,dynamo and transmission. The cab can comfortably accommodate two people and has a good field of view to improve safety and operating efficiency. The tailgate is equipped with unlocking device, which is convenient for discharging garbage from the rear. The cargo compartment has a large capacity, strong adhesion and convenient cleaning, which can effectively reduce pollution.The most important feature of removable garbage truck is that it can be dismantled, and the whole car body can be divided into several parts, which can be easily adsorbed on the road surface. When the garbage is unloaded out, the car body can be disassembled and carried away by a dump truck to another construction site. That can achieve the purpose of cleaning up the construction environment in a short time.Removable garbage truck is mainly used in large-scale construction projects with short time constraints, such as city beautification. Its small turning radius and good maneuverability make it very suitable for working in cities or streets.Removable garbage truck is an important model of clean car, which is favored by many users with its small size, large capacity and simple operation. With the emergence of this kind of vehicles, the working efficiency of the cleaning car industry is further promoted, which has become an important part of mine construction.。
自卸汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Dump TruckDump Truck mainly refers to the delivery of goods unloaded the car and there is dumping the car, also known as Dump Trucks.Dump Truck is characterized by its compartment can be tilted a certain angle, so that unloading the goods inside. Tilting train is a Dump Truck engine power, through the dumping of bodies to complete.Dump Truck from the early 20th century there has been continuous development and perfection, has become the main vehicle of transport of goods. Dump Truck unloading a high degree of mobility and mechanization a bit, usually with shovel loaders, excavators, or belt conveyors and other ancillary use to achieve loading and unloading mechanization, which can greatly shorten the handling time and improve transport efficiency and save labor, reduce labor strength. As the car manufacturing industry, Dump Truck continued introduction of new materials, new technology, improve the quality of the utilization factor, with great speed range and high transmission efficiency, control and manipulation of better and more convenient.First, the status of technology development at home and abroad1. HumanizationFurther improve vehicle safety, vehicle safety, including performance, braking performance is further enhanced convenience and driver control, comfort is the car at home and abroad reflect the requirements of human development, which is reflected in the body, chassis and other aspects .(1)Suspension SystemForeign high-end Dump Truck, such as SCANIA, VOLVO, etc., air suspension with automatic adjustment, and basic domestic or leaf spring, a better use of the rubber suspension.(2)Transmission SystemMain Foreign is automatic transmission. China mainly with manual gearbox, there are some manufacturers began to try to configure the chassis automatic transmission.(3)Braking SystemsElectric control system mainly foreign (ECBS) and air disc brakes and ABS electronic control system installed. China mainly uses drum brakes, ABS, electronic brake system installed in the smaller, but also began developing the disc brake manufacturers.(4)Body SystemsDump Truck body of domestic comfort than the gap in Europe is still a great car.But high-end cab, driving and ride comfort has been greatly improved than before.2. SpecializationExclusive of foreign Dump Truck classification is increasingly apparent. In addition to general engineering of Dump Truck, but also according to the needs and purposes century, the development of a dedicated is Dump Truck.(1)Road salt cleaning truckOf snow, snow days will be transported to the road salt, snow on the road sweeping, snow spraying of salt.(2) Class of fluid transport truck pollutionAchieve pollution class fluid collection, transportation and dumping, can better protect the vehicle chassis, suitable for road paving and construction of the gravelmaterial transport.China Dump Truck of professional classification is not very clear that the Dump Truck currently mainly used in construction, mining, coal transportation, and its degree of specialization than the foreign classification there a larger gap.3. Structure OptimizationEuropean high-strength steel materials often used Dump Truck or a U-shaped carriage frame structure, the advantages are: light weight, great load, more payload can be loaded indirectly increase the loading efficiency; reduce fuel consumption, low center of gravity, good stability , lifting more goods at the time the play, easy todischarge; integral bearing, no or only a few ribs, a small amount of welding; more modern design, the outer surface of a large flat, easy to paste advertisements, or other patterns. Europe is very special car made extensive use of plastic toolbox fender cover.Plastic material has certain of toughness, resistance to low temperature and impactresistance, easy to rattle, and light weight, attractive appearance, lightweight is process in playing an important role.There are also a part of the manufacturers of high technical level, through changes in the structure reduces weight and do not reduce the cars performance, the main frame is the use of the car structure.For cost and processing considerations, the domestic truck still ordinary steel, steel plate as the main material.4. Environmental protectionAs the world's growing environmental protection, national environmental protection requirements on the vehicles are more stringent. Dump Truck load of goods sealing requirements increasing.Automotive engine technology represents a country's industrial level. Developed countries in Europe to Euro V vehicle emissions standards, and requirements of the domestic truck is currently the country Ⅲstandard, domestic and foreign well as very large gap, and reduce vehicle emissions of key technologies are only few the hands of countries, China still has great technical follow up and development process. Further enhance the environmental protection requirements, sealing requirements of the Dump Truck also mentioned the agenda, both at home and abroad using a variety of methods to prevent the Dump Truck's cargo spilled. Dump Truck in the professional classification abroad also help protect the environment, such as pollution category of fluid transport development and use of Dump Truck, but most major blessing Oh compartment sealed by a Dump Truck's way. Dump Truck of the closures are mainly two: one for soft tarpaulin cover and a metal hard cover. Therefore, foreign vehicles generally do not overload, the basic goods does not exceed the car along. The Dump Truck is the domestic have both, the majority of urban environmental requirements of the high metal cover, seal better, but the cost is high; environmental requirements of the majority of the lower soft cover, seal less, but the cost is low.Second, the main structure and functionDump Truck chassis and coat by the two major components, two types of chassis they use a stereotypical car chassis. Dump Truck as a shorter wheelbase than the average, the prices require higher strength and stiffness, so characteristic for the Dump Truck, Dump Truck chassis are often designed to be specific. Tipper tops, including cars, subframe, hydraulic lift dump bodies, electrical are systems.Dump Truck lifting mechanism is the core of the Dump Truck judge the merits of the primary indicators.Lifting mechanism of the type currently common are: F-type lifting mechanism to enlarge tripod, T-style tripod zoom lifting mechanism, lift cylinder, front roof lift and double roll.Dump Truck engine, chassis and cab of the truck are the same structure and general.Points after Dump Truck of the car to rollover and side tipping two, by manipulating the system control rod movement, the more common after the tipping, tipping push rod to make car, a small number of two-way is tipping.Distribution of high-pressure oil through the valve, tubing into the lift cylinder, front-end with the cab car is safety board.The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, hydraulic tipping body compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components.Hydraulic tipping body is compartments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other components.The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, distribution valves for high pressure oil through the tubing into the lifting cylinder, push rod to make car rollover. More common after the rollover, by manipulating the system control rod movement, can stop the train tilted in any desired position. Compartments use of their owner gravity and hydraulic control reset.Tripod enlarge Lifting Mechanism is currently the most widely used way of lifting for 8 to 40 tons of load compartment length of 4.4 to 6 meters. Structural advantages of mature, stable lifting and low cost; drawback to the main frame on the floor inside is the closed height of the larger plane.Most of lift cylinder form of Dump Truck used in the 6X4 on the bridge in front of each side of the second installation of a multi-cylinder (generally 3 to 4), the hydraulic cylinder directly on the pivot point on the compartment floor. Twin advantages of lifting the main frame for the compartment floor and a high degree of closure on the smaller plane; disadvantage is that the hydraulic system is difficult to ensure synchronization of two hydraulic cylinders and held steady and poor students, the overall stiffness of the cars require a higher floor.Way before the top lift of simple structure, with the main frame on the floor inside the closed surface height can be very small, vehicle stability, low pressure hydraulic system, but the first big trip at the most-cylinder, high cost.Double roll force cylinders good, travel less, achieve double roll; but more complex hydraulic piping, give students a higher incidence of rollover accidents.Dump Truck with the development and improvement of domestic purchasing power, Dump Truck is not in the traditional sense of what life can be dry universal truck, from the design point of view but also according to different goods, different conditions, different is regions developed different products. This requires the user to purchase vehicles to the manufacturer for specific use.1.ChassisIn the choice of chassis, generally is based on economic benefits to consider, such as: the price of the chassis, loading quality, overload capacity, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers, road maintenance and so on. In addition, the user must also consider the chassis of the following parameters:①H eight of the chassis frame on the plane. General 6x4 chassis frame height of the upper surface of 1050 to 1200. The higher the number the greater the vehicle center of gravity, the more easily cause an overturn. The main factors affecting the value of the tire diameter, suspension layout and the main frame is cross-section height.②Chassis rear overhang. The number of Dump Trucks moves through the General Assembly, growth stability, gives students a rollover accident caused. This value is generally between 500-1100 (except Dump Truck roll).③Vehicle matching rational use and reliable.2.UploadCurrently converted Dump Truck manufacturers was mixed, select the Dump Truck manufacturers over the selection of choice products are equally important. In addition to looking products, but also understand the capabilities of equipment manufacturers, Dump Truck tops the design, technology and equipment is mature, service commitments, it can buy other accessories.Third, the lifting mechanism of choice:1. Recommended to choose a tripod for general use zoom-type Dump Truck lifting mechanism, the structure in China has a 40-year history, technology is relatively mature, suitable for carriage 4 to 6 meters in length Dump Truck.2. Reasonable arrangement, the parts Shouli Bu exceed the capacity of components, system hydraulic smaller, in order to ensure the seal life.3. The choice of quality hydraulic cylinders. Lifting hydraulic cylinder is the power unit, try to choose a quality assurance products, such as: blue post card hydraulic cylinder, the manufacturers promised lifetime warranty.4. Compartment of the truck longer than 6 meters generally used inmulti-cylinder front-top lifting structure.5. Cylinder lifting structure is generally used with a wheelbase of the truck 3 to 4meters.Fourth, selection issues to the attention of1. Transport large items must be selected inside the bucket.2. Car is longer than 5.4 meters to pay special attention when the cars center ofgravity and lifting stability.3. Can not be transported by special vehicles to transport coal earth. Private carcoal train general height of 1.6 ~ 1.9 m, length how the design of these vehicles is based on light goods (weight less than 1.2) to consider, for transporting earth and stone lifting may have poor stability, which seriously may lead to lifting a rollover accident.4. Do not use the bucket car transporting silt, clay and other sticky goods, thestructure of the bucket carriage of goods more difficult to remove the sticky.5. Transport iron ore in the Dump Truck manufacturers to keep up when thestatement selection, selection of the best choice for iron ore carrier.6. For the transportation of asphalt paving, the lifting mechanism requires slowdown device.Fifth, use and maintenance of Dump TruckHow several common errors:1. Engine running, take power in the "on", lift the handle in the "lift" and Menglift the clutch. Since leaving the sudden engagement PTO, oil pump and oil pump drive shaft causes a lot of impact load, could easily lead to early damage (usually occurred as the oil pump drive shaft damage.) High-speed operation in the engine compartment fully loaded, cold winter with high viscosity hydraulic oil under even more prominent.2. In the middle of a sudden the elevator full of lifting the handle into the "down position", when the car was not touched down, but suddenly rushed down, this will bring great impact frame, and even accidents. Although the single-acting hydraulic cylinder piston set a throttling device to ensure that the decline in the car before the end of the throttling effect have landed on the car speed is automatically slowed down, but the cars full effect has been obvious, therefore, should try to avoid these operations, If special circumstances must also be careful, try to slow down the landing speed, do not suddenly have to avoid the car off in the end.3. Xiewan goods, do not forget to disengage the power take off, or disengage the power take off will be driving, so the car is moving, due to take power in the "engagement" position, the lift pump in the "small cycles" state No load speed for a long time operation. The so-called "small cycles" when running the oil pump oil pump hydraulic oil only in the high and low voltage circuit between the loop. In this case the hydraulic oil temperature rises quickly, easily lead to damage to pump seals, or even pump "burned" phenomenon; Also in the high-speed driving, the oil pump drive shaft will also result in high centrifugal force early damage. More seriously, the operation means that the hydraulic pump system has a power source, the driving process will occur for various reasons, the rising car auto accident. Therefore, in the unloaded vehicle, you must promptly confirm the power take disengaged and then the vehicle has been disengaged.4. By Meng mention car - brake suddenly unloading. Meng mentioned as the inertial force of a great car (usually the rated lifting force of 5 to 20 times), can easily cause permanent deformation of the frame, open frame car and pay for welding, burning or destruction of oil pump seal, hydraulic cylinders and other damage damage , reduces the life of the vehicle, serious rollover accidents also occur. Therefore, when lifting the general ban truck traffic.5. Driving power take off in the "ON" position: If "on" state (red light), the pump will continue to rotate, there is power source of the hydraulic system, which would control valve because the gas control misoperation caused by cars on the auto-lifting; time distribution of air control valve even in the "down" position, the oil should enter the pump, it would pump burned out.6. Moving to lift the handle placed in the "stop" position: At this point the hydraulic system in a closed state, the impact of the ground while driving throughthe lifting mechanism can be passed to cars , some connected parts are easily damaged. So when driving down the handles is put some "down" position.7. In a great venue for cross slope of discharge: trunk askew when lifting, car flip axis may produce permanent deformation may occur more serious when it overturned.8. Goods have not been fully discharged when the use of safety rod may result in accidents, the safety pole inspection and maintenance is only used for carriages.自卸汽车自卸汽车是指以运送货物为主且有倾卸货厢的汽车，又称翻斗车。
外文翻译--垃圾车的发展史中文版-精品
垃圾车的发展史摘要：当然，我们首先应该讨论如何收集和倾倒垃圾观念的演变。
不幸的是，在整个汽车收集垃圾的历史上，没有任何一种来源谈及，更谈不上在网上查询，(我们将其称之为垃圾车)。
或许写此主题最好的书是John B. Montville的《关于垃圾车的照片档案》，这本书显示的垃圾车的照片，是从普通翻斗车演变过来的。
第一种垃圾车是在摩托运输出现不久后诞生的。
翻斗车有十几种共同的地方，但具体的说，他们不是设计用来盛装垃圾的。
他们不太卫生容易招惹苍蝇、老鼠、无助于遏制难闻的气味。
因此，二十几种机动车用来设计处理垃圾，从中收获很大。
也许垃圾车的演变是依靠技术的革新，而不是由事件，时间的顺序来决定的，每类的公共用处都有重叠的地方。
应当指出的是，通常制造的垃圾车的车厢是跟底盘机构分开的。
我们将垃圾问题集中处理。
关键词：垃圾车，垃圾收集，液压缸覆盖式垃圾车人们很快发现开放式卡车垃圾收集不太适合。
开放式卡车容易发生溢出，更不用说控制不良气味和粉尘了。
尤其是在温暖的季节，他们是吸引老鼠和苍蝇的好场所。
已经成为严重的卫生问题，尤其是在人口密集的城市。
车厢式卡车淘汰的问题，一开始出现在欧洲，那里的人口密度远远大于美国。
通常的特征是一个不漏水的箱体和一个举重倾倒机构。
液压缸成为倾倒垃圾的动力装置。
我们将看到，液压缸在垃圾收集中如此重要的另一个原因。
这里显示了一些英国卡车：装载这种卡车，必须把负荷举起到大约肩的位子。
此外，倾倒的很多是煤渣。
因为在那些日子很多人有一个木头炉，他们经常焚烧废料并且让卡车运走。
在倾倒的位置旁有一辆卡车，注意车身的顶部，有一块帆布覆盖在车身上。
这种卡车是由地区委员会道利什经营的。
在车身上有这样的宣传文字“焚烧垃圾保护环境”。
焚烧垃圾，除了减少了垃圾的体积(因此降低成本)以外，还可以消除细菌和异味。
在20世纪30年代，覆盖式垃圾车在美国已经很普通。
1938辆垃圾车被交付到城市洛兰，俄亥俄。
外部漏斗式垃圾车虽然覆盖式垃圾车确实能够消除很多问题，如：异味、苍蝇和垃圾四散，但安装他们是很麻烦的。
拉臂式垃圾车车厢设计
本科毕业设计（论文）通过答辩目录第一章前言 (2)第二章总体方案论证 (4)2.1 本课题基本前提条件和技术要 (4)2.2 结构方案确定 (4)第三章垃圾车厢体设计 (7)3.1 合理选择卸料方式 (7)3.2确定厢体设计方案 (8)3.3 垃圾车厢体成型工艺 (9)第四章垃圾车排出油缸安装角及排出板斜度取值 (13)4.1 排出板的结构及工作情况 (13)4.2 排出板的受力分析 (13)4.3 取值范围的探讨 (14)第五章液压系统的设计 (15)5.1 确定液压系统方案 (15)5.2 液压缸设计计算 (18)5.3 油箱的设计 (28)5.4 液压泵的装置 (29)5.5 液压元件的选用 (30)第六章结论 (32)参考文献 (33)致谢 (34)附录1 (35)附录2 (36)第一章前言目前我国城市生活垃圾(MSW) 年总产生量已达1. 8 亿吨，而且仍在不断增长，年增长率为8 %～10 %。
随着城市建设规模的不断扩大和人们生活水平的不断提高，一方面，城市生活垃圾的成份发生了很大变化，其变化的主要特点是：垃圾密度不断降低，可压缩性增加。
如果继续采用常规的垃圾运输方式，容易造成垃圾清运中的亏载，使垃圾转运效率降低；另一方面，近郊可利用来填埋垃圾的洼地越来越少，人们不得不考虑在远离市区的郊区建立垃圾处理处置场所。
据统计国内几个大城市的垃圾处理厂距离市区均在50km 以上，运输费用占垃圾处理费用的比例较高。
在一些发达国家运输费用已占垃圾处理费用的80 %以上。
所以，降低垃圾清运费用是降低整个城市垃圾处理处置费用的关键。
垃圾压缩可以解决垃圾运输中的亏载问题，降低垃圾的运输费用，是城市生活垃圾集运的发展方向。
因此拉臂式垃圾车的优势日渐明显，高效的垃圾压缩运输方式有了长足的发展。
后拉臂式垃圾车便是其中的一种常见结构形式，它由汽车底盘、填料器、上装厢体和排出板机构等组成。
其发展方向是：提高垃圾的装载量；改善车辆的密封性；垃圾的分类处理。
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附录AThe Design of Pull Arm Garbage Truck1The introduction of Pull Arm Garbage TruckPull arm garbage truck is equipped with two types of chassis that has a trunk load and unloading functions to pull arm device-specific vehicles. It can be achieved with car trunk the combination and separation, while the bulk of the trunk to achieve self-unloading cargo operations. The model has been widely used in foreign countries, often in the domestic industry as a sanitation refuse collection vehicles. 5 t pull arm garbage truck is one of the commonly used models, compared to 8 t Arm pull over large tonnage trucks, the pull-arm device structure is relatively simple and easy to domestic Manufacturers; And large tonnage often imported pull arm device. Domestic Manufacturers producing 5 t pull the car pulling the boom arm structure of the device, although about the same, but the important structural parameters of the selection and design of different structural arrangement, it will directly affect the car performance]20[.2 Pull the boom structure and principle of the device2.1 The structural characteristics of pull-arm device5 t pull arm garbage truck pulling device consists of pulling the boom arm and pull arm cylinder, the United Moving frame, trunk insurance hook and cylinder, and the frame. La Boom device structural arrangement shown in figure 2, pull telescopic arm is not used right-angle bend structure. the end of the cylinder and pull the piston rod side arm hinged on the hinge pivot B; Another linkage frame front end and hinged at the hinge pivot C, the formation of a rotary arm pull heart. Cylinder head cylinder arm pull side hinged front frame on the hinge pivot A; linkage frame hinged rear axle frame rear hinge pivot D, the formation of linkage rotary frame heart. Insurance linkage trunk rack hook set the hook cylinder and insurance cylinder.2.2 The working principle of the device arm pullPulling garbage truck arm by pulling the device to complete the function of two different dynamic, for boxes and dumping. When the pull device for boom box action, the first cylinder insurance hook action open the trunk insurance hook, trunk lift insurance. Pull lift arm cylinder piston rod elongation from the pull arm, pull arm to pivot around the hinge C clockwise rotation, the hook arm to pull back move. If the frame is equipped with a trunk, the trunk was pushed home ground. When put on the frame, so that the first hook retractor trunk rings, and contraction of the piston rod, pull arm to hinge pivot counter-clockwise rotation axis C, will put on the flat trunk, the insurance cylinder hook action, pull carriagesinsurance hook fixed to the frame to the trunk.When the pull-arm device dumping action, and action for different box, trunk insurance hook dump in the whole process to ensure that tension in the arm and trunk are not isolated, that is pull arm、the linkage through the trunk rack and trunk link between the insurance as one of the hook, by the deputy rear frame hinge pivot clockwise rotation axis D, lifting carriages lifted until the refuse rubbish. Trunk reset, as long as the retraction of cylinder piston rod pull arm, the pulling arm body still hinge pivot point D is the shaft counterclockwise rotation, until the trunk reset.3 La Boom Selection and design of device structure parameters3.1 Device to pull the boom pivot hinge arrangement and geometry of the main structureDetermined by the following three areas:a. Arm by pulling a dump truck performance, it is 5 t pull the best selection of cars from the arm unloading chassis, the chassis can be selected according to the length of pull arm device to determine frame the total length. To ensure the car to pull arm for changing trunk and dumping action by the force of the chassis reasonable and complete the dumping arm pull action pivot hinge rotation axis D of the location should be arranged in behind the rear spring plate from the chassis rear bearing axis, the spacing is about 0 ~ 100 mm.b. According to the first hinge pivot D arm pull for me the beginning of the selected pivot hinge rotation axis C. In the design and production of the actual process of pulling the car arm in arm had appeared during the pull action although the initial state, pull arm lift carriages, failed to pull arm pivot around the hinge C rotation, but with the linkage frame with the rotation around the hinge pivot point D, which can not get trunk open the beginning of fall; when lifting a certain height, the action of gravity in the trunk, the hinge will pivot C a sudden fall, so pull arm, the linkage frame and carriages suddenly drop, resulting in relatively large; in hit, resulting in extremely unsafe for me a smooth action. To resolve this problem, determine the hinge point C of the axis position is especially important. First the one hand, the horizontal axis of pivot C can not above the level layout of pivot D. In addition, by the hinge can pivot C stress analysis know, the hinge pivot axis of C must be below the level of tension hinge pivot arm cylinder head horizontal axis, while the hook arm pull-start action must be arranged in the vertical axis of the hinge pivot between C and the hinge pivot left foot.c. Important geometrical parameters arm pull a pull arm foot radius of gyration for pull the oil boom turning radius of the cylinder piston rod end of radius of gyration of the angle between the two radius. From the above points analysis we know that, The smaller of radius. The greater the force needed to pull the smaller cylinder arm. Meet the requirements underthe premise of arms-for-me pull-foot turning radius, the smaller the better, La boom cylinder rod side radius of gyration R. The bigger the better as far as possible, so that can pull compact boom, operating small space]21[.3.2 The selection of pull arm cylinder and cylinder installation angle y. The range ofDetermined by the following two aspects:a. By mapping method or analytical method to determine the location of the above the hinge pivot and Pull arm geometry and other components, may initially determine the pull-stroke arm cylinder and installation distance.b. Pull arm cylinder mounting angle of La Boom is the important structural parameters of devices. By the former knowledge, pull the boom box or device for carrying out the process of dumping action, pull the oil boom cylinders have to be overcome trunk (full load) resistance torque generated by gravity, and the lifting crane action start unloading boxes when the moment of resistance is the greatest moment of resistance to overcome, and in Boom began pulling action of the hinge pivot device static friction and inertia moment of resistance Maximum torque. So pull arm cylinder mounting angle y. From the previous analysis we know, when angle larger, the pull arm cylinder smaller maximum thrust required, select the pull arm cylinder bore can be smaller.By pulling in the boom cylinder is installed between the frame and trunk floor, oil cylinder installation layout space is limited, so the pull arm cylinder mounting angle range is also very limited. Design principles to children as much as possible to install a large angle, choose the right drawing arm oil pulling arm cylinder bore to meet performance requirements for the use of vehicles, without increasing the cost and fuel tank weight, and easy layout. Analysis and comparison of some domestic manufacturers to produce 5 t pull arm ,the actual design and production of cars and trucks pulling arm experience, 5 t pull arm around the installation space vehicles between 250 ~ 300 mm, the general tension arm cylinder mounting angle should be Taken between 3°~5°.附录B拉臂式垃圾车设计1拉臂车概述拉臂式垃圾车是在二类汽车底盘上装有使车箱具有装载和卸载功能的拉臂架装置的专用汽车。