色彩学简介(教材)

S = 1/2
(a1b2 + a2,b3 + a3,b1)
(b1a2 + b2a3 + b3 a1)
Color gamut scope of NTSC Color gamut scope of measured sample
S Color Gamut(%) = 0.1582
NTSC ( National Television Systems Committee ) 13
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The CIE 1931 Standard Observer
700nm
546.1nm
435.8nm
CIE：国际照明委员会 CIE1931标准色度学系统，是1931年在CIE第八次会议上提 出和推荐的，包括1931CIE-RGB和1931CIE-XYZ两个系统
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XYZ System And RGB System Transformation
X=0.49R+0.31G+0.2B Y=0.1769R+0.81240G+0.01063B Z= 0 R+0.01G+0.99B
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NTSC ( National Television Systems Committee )
x R G B 0.67 0.21 0.14
y 0.33 0.71 0.08
u 0.477 0.076 0.152
V 0.352 0.384 0.130
CIE 1931 – RGB 系统色品图
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Calculation of Tristimulus Value
R =
∫
k φ ( λ ) r ( λ )d λ
λ
G
=
∫
k φ ( λ ) g ( λ )d λ
λ
B
r
=
=
CIE1931XYZ系统标准色度观察者光谱三刺激值
2
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CIE1931XYZ系统标准色度观察者光谱三刺激值
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CIE 1931 – XYZ Space
色彩学简介
Jeff Zhao
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The Structure of Human Eye
狀
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CIE Standard Sources
說
A B 量 濾
( K)
2845 4800 量
(x, y)
(0.4476, 0.4075) (0.3485, 0.3517)
C 濾 不 度
6770
(0.3101, 0.3163)
D65
6500
(0.3127, 0.3291)
E
5500
(0.3333, 0.3333)
Calculation of Tristimulus Value
X =
∫
k φ ( λ ) x ( λ )d λ
Y
Z
x
=
=
=
∫
∫
λ
k φ ( λ ) y ( λ )d λ
k φ ( λ ) z ( λ )d λ
X Y
λ
λ
X
+
+
Z
y z
= =
X X
Y + Y + Z Y
+ +
Z Z
x +y +z = 1
λ
k=
100
780
380
∫ S( λ)y ( λ)dλ
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Example
X
Y
=
=
∫
∫
λ
k φ ( λ ) x ( λ )d λ
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Color Temperature
for correlated Color temperatures from approximately 4000 K to 7000K:
0.17697r + 0.81240g + 0.01063b y= 0.66697r + 1.13240g + 1.20063b
0.0000 r + 0.01000 g + 0.99000 b z= 0.66697 r + 1.13240 g + 1.20063 b
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The function of Human Eye
眼球 : 光学系統:角膜,房水,晶狀体,玻璃体 感光系統:視網膜 視網膜: 視細胞層:錐体細胞,杆体細胞 双極細胞層 神經節細胞層
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The Structure of Retina
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xyz System and rgb System Transformation
0 . 49000 r + 0 . 31000 g + 0 . 2000 b x = 0 . 66697 r + 1 . 13240 g + 1 . 20063 b
λ
∫
λ
z
Fra Baidu bibliotek
=
X
1 + Y
+
Z
∫
kS
( λ ) β ( λ ) z ( λ )d λ
λ
φ (λ) = S (λ)β (λ) φ ( λ ) = S ( λ )τ ( λ )
Reflective ratio
Transmittance ratio
k=
100
780
380
∫ S( λ)y ( λ)dλ
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Color Gamut 色域
- NTSC regular hue : When R=(0.67, 0.33), G=(0.21, 0.71), B=(0.14, 0.08), the NTSC color coordinates area is 0.1582. - When RGB color coordinates of Display are severally (a1,b1) (a2,b2) (a3,b3), triangular area of three points is as follows.
λ
Y
Z
=
=
∫
λ
kS
kS
( λ ) T ( λ ) y ( λ )d λ
( λ )T ( λ ) z ( λ )d λ
R( ) : reflectance or permeability of the object S( ) : Spectral distribution of standard illuminant K : Coefficient
1 r = R +G + B
∫ kS ( λ ) β ( λ ) r ( λ )d λ
λ
1 g = R +G +B
1 b = R +G +B
∫ kS ( λ ) β ( λ )g ( λ )d λ
λ
∫ kS ( λ ) β ( λ ) b ( λ )d λ
λ
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Calculation of Tristimulus Value
x
y
=
=
X
X
1 + Y
1 + Y
+
+
Z
Z
∫
kS
kS
( λ ) β ( λ ) x ( λ )d λ
( λ ) β ( λ ) y ( λ )d λ
不是辐射能量越高的光就越亮！
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Character of Color
Hue red, yellow , green ,blue ,etc. Lightness light , dark, etc. , relating the color to a gray of similar lightness. saturation a color differs from a gray of the same value.
y
=
X
Y + Y
+
Z
z = 1/(3+2+1) = 0.166 x+y+z=1 : x = 0.50, y = 0.333, Y =2
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Chromaticity Diagram
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狀
狀
Cone Cell: (1) Rod Cell: (1) (3)
力
(2) (2)
度
靈
度
力
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Perception of Color
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光谱光效率函数 V(
Day and night sensitivity curves
)
<10-2 nit
>3 nit
Y = k∫
780nm
380nm
E(λ)×V(λ)dλ
K = 683 Lm/W , for V(λ) K = 1725 Lm/W , for V′(λ) K为最大光谱效能
k φ ( λ ) y ( λ )d λ
λ
色坐标模拟器
Z
=
∫
k φ ( λ ) z ( λ )d λ
λ
( )=Ccell( )P( )FCF( )BBL( )
x = X + Y
例: X=3, Y=2, Z=1
+ Z
X
x = 3/(3+2+1) = 0.50 y = 2/(3+2+1) = 0.333
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Three Important Factors Influencing Color
Source of light Object (that is illuminated) Observer (the eye and brain to perceive the color)
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CIE 1931 – RGB 系统光谱三刺激值曲线
They provide the experimental definition of 2 1931 CIE standard observer
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Calculation of Tristimulus Value
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Color Display
Three acmes
Calculation of three acmes
X
=
∫
∫
kS
( λ )T ( λ ) x ( λ )d λ
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Character of Color
Munsell图
A: B: C:
度 度
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Chromaticity Diagram
1. Purity 2. Hue, Pigment Blend 3. Lightness
∫
k φ ( λ ) b ( λ )d λ
R G
λ
R
+
+
r+g+b=1
B
g
=
=
R
+
+
G G
B G
+
+
B
b
R
B
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L=1.0000R+4.5907G+0.0601B
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Calculation of Tristimulus Value