2018年最新版本高考英语语法专题复习Word版
(Word可编辑)(10套)2018年高考语法真题分类汇总 (含所有高考考点)
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如果需要更多成套资料，请微信搜索订阅号“初中英语资源库”，在页面下方找到“资源库”，就能得到您需要的每一份资源（包括小初高12000份主题班会课课件免费赠送！）（共10套285页）2018年高考语法真题分类汇总（含所有高考考点）2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态. 句意：——嗨，我是彼得. 你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你. ——你好，彼得. 我是鲍勃. 我周一刚刚开始住在这儿. 根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确.点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等.2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态. 3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态. 句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里. 该句时间状语为in the past few years. 中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态. B选项正确.点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的. 常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等.4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态. 句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者. “who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists 和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态. 由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态. 综上，D选项正确.点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done.5.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must【答案】C点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会.6.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气. 句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆. 由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟. if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确.点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do.7.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气. 句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了. 根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed. 故选A.点睛：本题考查虚拟语气. 虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整. 本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反.8.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态. 句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服. 根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态. 故选C.点睛：本题考查时态. 分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态. 选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D 是现在完成时. 再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案.9.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点. 本题抓住两点：第一、时态. 根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形. 第二、情态动词的选择. must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案.10.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developedB. had developedC. will have developedD. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态. 句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具. 根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时. 结合两者可知用将来完成时. 故选C.点睛：本题考查时态. 句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点. 所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案. 本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案.11.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan_______ in the past two years.A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态. 句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的. 根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时. 故选A.点睛：本题考查时态. 句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点. 所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案. 本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案.12.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气. 句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与. 本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时. 故选A.点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）. 2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形. 3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词. 分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望.13.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B点睛：本题考查虚拟语气. It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法. 但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气. 试比较：It is strangethat he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪. ）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错. ）14.【2018·海淀二模】13. —How was your vacation in Seattle?—Pretty good. In the evenings I __________ to pubs to enjoy beer.A. have goneB. goC. had goneD. went【答案】D【解析】考查时态. 句意：——你在西雅图的假期怎么样？——相当好. 晚上我去酒吧里喝啤酒. 由“How was your vacation”可知，第二个说话者在西雅图度假是过去的事情，晚上去酒吧喝啤酒是在西雅图度假时的行为，故该空应用一般过去时态. 故D选项正确.15.【2018·海淀二模】11. He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing __________.A. had happenedB. happenedC. would happenD. would have happened【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气. 句意：他把这个项目搞糟了，但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样. as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时，应用虚拟语气. 该句表示对过去的虚拟，根据as if 的虚拟规则，该处应用过去完成时态. A选项正确.16.【2018·海淀二模】10. When I was small, my mom ________read me stories at night.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. would【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词辨析. 句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事. could能够；should应该；might可能，可以；would过去常常，表示过去的习惯性的行为，故选D.17.【2018·海淀二模】6. By now 516 Confucius Institutes ______in 142 countries and regions, according to the Confucius Institute Headquarters.A. foundedB. would foundC. have been foundedD. had been founded【答案】C18.【2018·海淀二模】4. I _____up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.A. have madeB. had madeC. was makingD. would make【答案】B【解析】考查时态. 句意：我已经决定了在研讨会上要说什么，但是，研讨会被取消了. “make up one’s mind”这个行为发生在研讨会被取消之前，根据“it was cancelled”可知，研讨会被取消是过去的事情，那么，make up one’s mind是发生在过去某个动作之前的行为，故该空应用过去完成时态. B选项正确.19.【2018·滨海7校联考】15. But for your instruction, I ______ such great progress in so short a time. Thanks a lot.A. wouldn’t makeB. hadn’t madeC. won’t makeD. wouldn’t have made【答案】D20.【2018·滨海7校联考】7. — Is Peter coming?— No, he ______ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changesB. changedC. was changingD. had changed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了. 根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时.考点：考查动词的时态.21.【2018·滨海7校联考】2. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意，上文，你来参加Jeff的聚会吗？下文，我不确定. 我可能会去看电影. Must必须；would将要；should应该；might可能，故选D.考点：情态动词辨析22.【2018·江苏97校联考】14. —Dora, do you think Jack’s proposal reasonable?—I’m sorry I have missed that, but actually I ________ about another one.A. thoughtB. have thoughtC. had thoughtD. was thinking【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态. 句意：--多拉，你认为杰克的建议合理吗？--对不起，我没听见. 实际上我刚才在考虑另外一种想法. 表示刚才正在进行的动作，用过去进行时. 故选D. 23.【2018·江苏97校联考】6. —You look pretty tired today!—I an environmental report over the last few days, which should be submitted to the boss tomorrow.A. wroteB. was writingC. had writtenD. have been writing【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态. 句意：--你今天看起来很累！--在过去的几天里我一直在写一个环境报告，这个报告明天应要提交给老板. 表示从几天前开始一直进行持续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时，故选D.24.【2018·江苏97校联考】5. —Why didn’t you call me then?—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I ________ you otherwise.A. would callB. had calledC. have calledD. would have called【答案】D2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）2018年高考词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词. 句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室. ——早上好. 我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）. make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确.点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约.2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力. 对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆. 考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别.3.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能. A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试. 故选B.点睛：本题考查动词辨析. 动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案.4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间. A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation 邀请. 故选C.点睛：本题考查名词辨析. 名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点. 本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词. 根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案.5.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventuallyhe___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up【答案】A点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析. 分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案. 同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语.6.【2018·江苏】34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. keenB. reluctantC. anxiousD. ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训. A. keen敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的. 故选B.点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力. 因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境. 同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语. 本题中4个选择项中都可以与to连用. be keen to渴望；be reluctant to不情愿做；be anxious to急于；be ready to乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案.7.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation andunderstanding of China globally.A. in line withB. in reply toC. in return forD. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致. A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念. 故选A.点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力. 考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别.8.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事. A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption 假设. 故选D.点睛：本题考查名词辨析. 名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点. 本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案.9.【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls offD. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程. A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起. 故选A.点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析. 分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案. 同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语.10.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.A. indicateB. investigateC. imitateD. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解. 句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情. A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革. 故选C.点睛：本题考查动词辨析. 动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案. 考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握.11.【2018·海淀二模】15. This view is common _________ all sections of the community.A. acrossB. aboveC. aroundD. along【答案】A12.【2018·滨海7校联考】14. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failed to______.A. break upB. set upC. turn upD. give up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组. A. break up 打碎，解散； B. set up建立； C. turn up出现，调高； D. give up放弃. 句意：我们安排在7:30在电影院见面，但杰克没能来. 根据句意可知答案为C.13.【2018·滨海7校联考】8. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from aproduct-making factory into a product-making power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one thatB. one thatC. oneD. the one【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查代词的用法. one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=" a/" an +n处one="a" product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity 中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导. 所以排除A、B. one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D. 句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国. 故选C.考点：考查考查代词的用法.14.【2018·滨海7校联考】6. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ______ children’s book for many years, ______ but one thing or another always got in ______ way.A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填; theD. a; the【答案】D【考点定位】考查冠词的使用15.【2018·滨海7校联考】4. The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they ______ difficulties.A. aroseB. encounteredC. emergedD. evaluated【答案】B【解析】考查动词. A. arose出现； B. encountered 遇到；C. emerged浮现，暴露； D. evaluated评估. 指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案. 可知答案为B.16.【2018·滨海7校联考】5. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ______ review of the case.A. comprehensiveB. complicatedC. consciousD. constant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词. 句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查. A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“经常的”. 故选A项.17.【2018·江苏97校联考】13. —Congratulations on your girlfriend’s being offered the job.—Thank you, but she’s got it ________ her greater perseverance.A. in terms ofB. in response toC. by virtue ofD. with respect to【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语. A. in terms of根据；B. in response to响应；C. by virtue of由于，凭借；D. with respect to关于. 句意：--祝贺你的女朋友找到了工作. --谢谢，她是凭借更大的毅力得到的. 根据句意选C.18.【2018·江苏97校联考】10. More and more people tend to go to E-libraries in that they have access to books when they are unable to get to a library.A. accidentallyB. physicallyC. voluntarilyD. appropriately【答案】B19.【2018·江苏97校联考】7. Evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.A. accumulateB. accelerateC. accompanyD. approve【答案】A【解析】考查动词. A. accumulate累积；B. accelerate加速；C. accompany陪伴；D. approve批准. 句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积. 指证据积累，故选A.20.【2018·江苏97校联考】4. Nowadays when travelling, travelers usually use the We-chat to share their feelings about their trips with descriptions of their experiences, offering viewers a(n) for the imagination of reality.A. feastB. accountC. landscapeD. principle【答案】A【解析】考查名词. A. feast盛宴；B. account账户；C. landscape风景；D. principle原理. 句意：如今旅行时，旅行者通常会利用微信来描述他们的旅行体验，并向观看者提供真实想象的盛宴. 故选A.21.【2018·江苏97校联考】1. Courage, according to some successful persons, is as to pioneering work as the intelligence, even more so.A. accessibleB. alternativeC. essentialD. commercial【答案】C23.【2018·江苏97校联考】2. The police have anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.A. appealed toB. attended toC. responded toD. attached to【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语. A. appealed to呼吁；B. attended to出席，参加；C. responded to做出反应；D. attached to附属于. 句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈. 表示呼吁，故选A.2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之语法填空2018年高考语法填空【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it'salways___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.【答案】61. longer62. to see 63. dying64. is 65. than66. that \which67. causes 68. strength69. energetic70. it \running【解析】本文是一篇说明文. 文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿.61. 考查副词的比较级. 医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年. 根据than 可知用比较级，故填longer.62. 考查不定式作目的状语. 你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处. 此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see.63. 考查动名词. 你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险. 此处of 是介词，其后用动名词. 故填dying.64. 考查动词的时态. 医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命. 这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时. 故填is.65. 考查比较句型. 跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命. 根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than.点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题. 短语give it a try不容易想出来. give a try试试. Give sb sth；give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚. 但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见. 高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语.【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.【答案】61. has grown62. the 63. actually64. to improve65. than 66. pollution67. global 68. started69. that/which70. feeding【解析】本文是一篇说明文. 文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可.61. 考查时态. since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时. 句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多. 故填has grown.62. 考查冠词. 句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%. 故是特指在过去的25年里. 故填the.67. 考查词性转换. 句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%. fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰. 故填global.68. 考查谓语动词. 句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目. 本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时. 故填started.69. 考查定语从句关系词. 根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子. 指物用that/which，故填that或者which.70. 考查省略句. 句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境. 这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验. 空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略. 故填feeding.点睛：学会分析句子成分. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句. 一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时. 另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词. 代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which. 【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He。
2018年高考英语专题一 语法知识 第10讲 Word版含答案
第10讲代词1．In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.(2016·浙江，3)A．that B．thisC．one D．it答案 A解析句意为：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。
代词that 指代前文中出现的the education system。
this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。
根据语境可知应选A项。
2．To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________.(2015·陕西，13) A．another B．the otherC．other D．either答案 B解析句意为：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。
表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”用one...the other...。
3．The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.(2015·重庆，2) A．everybody B．nobodyC．anybody D．somebody答案 B解析句意为：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。
句中的but表转折，根据句意可知应选nobody。
4．The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.(2015·福建，21)A．all B．noneC．either D．neither答案 D解析句意为：这个研究组发布了以这个调查为基础的两个报道，但是二者没有一个包含有用的建议。
2018年高考英语考前三个月文档专题一 语法知识 第9讲 Word版含答案
第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。
句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。
因此选C。
2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。
句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。
故选B项。
3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。
(完整word版)2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括
高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数的规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passerby→passersby, soninlaw→sonsin-law, lookeron→lookerson, gobetween→go-betweens, grownup→grownups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a p leasure“一件乐事”。
(word完整版)高考英语语法知识点总结,推荐文档
专题一定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括(K12教育文档)
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高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座:名词-—-基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数的规则形式：1）。
一般情况下直接加s： book---—--books cup---—-cups2）. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加es：city———-—-—cities family———-—families3）。
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus—-———buses wish-----—wishes watch--——--watches4）. 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato--———tomatoes potato—---——potatoes hero-———-heroes Negroes5)。
以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf-———leaves self———selves shelf——-—shelves life-—-—lives thief———thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的:man——--men woman---women child-——-children foot-—--—feet tooth-———teeth mouse—-—mice3. 单数和复数形式相同:deer--—deer fish---—fish sheep—--—sheep Chinese -——-Chinese Japanese--—Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1)。
18年高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破第一讲动词的时态和语态课件
②This/It/That is the first/second/third…time that…表示“这/ 那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that 从句中要用现在完成时。 ◆It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次游览这座城市。 ③This is＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that…结构，that 从句要用现 在完成时。 ◆This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结 果，常用的时间状语：already, so far, never, just, before, recently, for a long time, in the past/last few years 等。 ◆Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. 们确信一定会按时完工。 到目前为止，工作进展顺利，我
writing [典例] (2015· 北京高考书面表达)I am ____________(write) to tell
you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
解析：此句是书信的开头语，强调现在正在写信，故用现在进 行时。
1．过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状 态。 ◆He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 p．m. yesterday. 昨天下午 3 点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。 2．表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。 ◆She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. 当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。
「最新」人教版高考英语语法专题复习Word完整版-可编辑修改
高考英语语法专题复习(附参考答案)一、冠词The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。
a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。
the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。
这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。
如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。
如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。
如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
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高考英语语法专题复习(附参考答案)一、冠词The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。
a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。
the是定冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。
这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。
如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。
如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。
如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。
如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。
如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。
二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
这是定冠词the的基本用法。
如：Beijing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
如：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。
如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。
如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些习惯用语中。
如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。
如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。
如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。
如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。
如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。
如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。
如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。
如：Go down this street.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
如：We are students.I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。
如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Women’s Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。
如：What’s the matter, Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。
如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。
如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、科目前不加。
如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.【专项训练】：1、We can’t live without air.A．an B．×C．the D．some2、——Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.——Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a3、I’ve been waiting for him for hour and half.A．×; ×B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a4、What fine weather we have today!A．a B．×C．some D．an5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree6、Children usually go to school at age of six.A．×; the B．a; an C．the; ×D．the; the7、Himalayas is highest mountain in world.A．×; the;×B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×8、They each have __book. Li Hu a’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on science.A．a; a; ×B．the; ×; the C．×; the; ×D．a; the; a9、Physics is science of matter and energy.A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; the D．A; a10、sun rises in east and sets in west.A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.A．a;×B．the; an C．the; the D．×; the12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in badtemper. A．×;a B．A;×C．The; the D．A; a13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.A．a; the B．×;×C．×;a D．a; a14、what kind of car do you want to buy?A．×B．the C．a D．an15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.A．×; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.A．the; ×B．×; the C．×;×D．the; the17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A．×B．a C．the D．one18、——Where’s Jack?——I thin k he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.A．×;×B．the; the C．the; ×D．×; the19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A．the; the B．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the20、——I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.——Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.A．some; a B．an; some C．some; some D．an; a【答案】：1、B air是不可数名词。