吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解(战后的现实主义小说)【圣才出品】

第10章战后的现实主义小说

10.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Overview

1. Emergence

2. Major Concepts

Ⅱ. John Cheever (1912-1982)

1. Life and Career

2. Comment

Ⅲ. James Thurber (1894-1961)

1. Life

2. Literary Career

Ⅳ. Truman Capote (1924-1984)

1. Life and Career

2. Comment

Ⅴ. Jerome David Salinger (1919-2010)

1. Life and Career

2. Comment

Ⅵ. John Updike (1932-2009)

1. Life

2. Career

3. Comment

Ⅰ. Overview

1. Emergence

①Modernist fiction declined during and after the Second World War. Famous writers like Scott Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, and Gertrude Stein died one after another.

②Postwar realism represents a general literary temper which conforms to the transformation of the new postwar world.

Ⅰ. 概述

1. 出现

①现代主义小说在二战期间和战后逐渐衰落。菲茨杰拉德，舍伍德和格特鲁德等优秀作家相继去世。

②战后现实主义代表了一般的文学倾向，符合战后社会的观点的转变。

2. Major Concepts

①Postwar realism combines the time-honored realism with the effective achievements of various literary trends, including modernism.

②Postwar realism embodies the great changes in literature along with the great changes in society.

2. 主要概念

①战后现实主义把历史悠久的现实主义和包括现代主义在内的多种文学趋势结合在一起。

②战后现实主义体现了文学和社会的巨大变化。

Ⅱ. John Cheever (1912-1982)

1. Life and Career

①Cheever was an old-fashioned realist who firmly anchored in the New Yorker school of the fiction.

②The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953) established his place in American short fiction.

③The Stories of John Cheever (1978) won him a Pulitzer Prize.

Ⅱ. 约翰•契佛(1912-1982)

1. 生平和文学生涯

①契佛是守旧的现实主义家，他是纽约派小说的代表。

②《巨型收音机和其他》奠定了他在美国短篇小说界的地位。

③《约翰•契佛短篇小说集》使他荣获普利策奖。

2. Comment

①Cheever is generally acclaimed as a realist writer about suburban manners and morals.

②Critics usually hold that Cheever’s short fiction forms his major contributions to American literature.

2. 评价

①契佛是描写郊区礼仪和道德的现实主义作家。

②评论家通常认为契佛的短篇小说是他对美国文学的主要贡献。

Ⅲ. James Thurber (1894-1961)

1. Life

Thurber has been acclaimed as the greatest American literary humorist of the 20th century. He is famous for his funny satire novels.

2. Literary Career

In 1933 he published his humorous autobiography My Life and Hard Times. Among his best works are Let Your Mind Alone (1937), The Last Flower (1939), Fables of Our Time (1940), etc.

Ⅲ. 詹姆斯•瑟伯(1894-1961)

1. 生平

瑟伯被誉为20世纪美国文学史上最伟大的幽默家。他以滑稽的讽刺小说著称。

2. 文学生涯

1933年，他发表了幽默自传《我的人生和艰难时代》。他的其他优秀作品有《让你的思想独处》《最后的花朵》和《我们时代的寓言》等等。

Ⅳ. Truman Capote (1924 – 1984)

1. Life and Career

Capote is generally regarded as the pioneer of the nonfiction genre in the postwar era. In 1958, he finished the most famous novel Breakfast at Tiffany’s, which was