(美国文学与文本的文学解读方法)：Appreciation of The cask of amontillado
6Appreciation_of_the_poems_of_the_20th_century_(大外)
Appreciation of the Writing—
The First Stanza
What does a snow-filled woods look like?
The Road not Taken
-- by Robert Frost
Literary Meaning of the Poem—
The First Stanza
point; place; branch paths
Literary Meaning of the Poem—
The Second Stanza
我的小马定是觉得离奇， 荒野中没有农舍可休息， 在林子和冰冻的湖之间， 在一年中最黑的夜里。
Chinese Version of the Poem
它把颈上的铃摇了一摇， 想问问该不是出了差错， 回答它的只有低声絮语—— 是风柔和地吹，是雪羽毛般地落。 林子真美，幽深，乌黑， 可是许诺的事还得去做。 还得走好多里才能安睡， 还得走好多里才能安睡。
Appreciation of the Implied Meaning
Universal Experience
life; travelling
come to; branch roads; life; make choices
many years; think of; miss; choices
Appreciation of the Implied Meaning
What Does This Fact Imply?
It implies that often we are not a hundred percent satisfied with the choices we have made. They often involes much dissatisfaction.
英美文学鉴赏论文英文版
Appreciation of pride and prejudice“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”. This is the first sentence in this book.It’s impressive and classical. The author’s next words are more interesting.”However litter known the feelings or views of such a man be on his first entering neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of th e surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. ”The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession. People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs.The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth reveals the characteristics which constitutes a successful marriage. Elizabeth,the second daughter of Mr Bonnet,is a smart、intelligent and active girl. One of these characteristics is that the feeling cannot be brought on by appearances, and must gradually develop between the two people as they get to know one another.There are five marriages in the book.However, unlike Darcy and Elizabeth, there is a flaw in Bingly and Jane’s relationsh ip. The flaw is that both characters are too gullible and too good-hearted to ever act strongly against external forces that may attempt to separate them.Obviously, Lydia and Wickham‘s marriage is an example of an bad marriage. Their marriage was based on appearances, good looks, and youthful vivacity. Once these qualities can no longer be seenby each other, the once strong relationship will slowly fade away.Although little is told of how Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet got together, it can be inferred by their conversions that their relationship was similar to that of Lydia and Wickham.He is Jane Austen‘s example of a weak father. Austen shows that it is necessary to use good judgement to select a spouse, otherwise the two people will lose respect for each other The last example of a marriage is a of a different nature than the ones mentioned above. The marriage between Mr. Collins and Charlotte is based on economics rather than on love or appearance. It was a common practice during Austen‘s time for women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security.After reading this book, I can strongly feel that the author ridicule the universal phenomenon in Britain at that time that younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives.Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. It’s ridiculous.We married for love but not for money.So we should pursue the true love based on freedom and equality.班级：财务102 个人主页穆格子。
英美文学赏析第一讲
MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE
By Concrete Genre
Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the lines either of metric verse or of free verse.
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Plot: story line (s) of a fiction including all events and actions taking place in the fiction
Exposition Foreshadowing Rising action Conflict: Person vs. self; Person vs. person; Person vs. society;
Art is free because an artist has the freedom to imagine. Literature is considered as Art.
DEFINITION OF LITERATURE
Literature refers to pieces of work belonging to one of four major branches or genres:
◦ Fiction: short stories and novels . ◦ Non-Fiction: prose, biographies and autobiographies. ◦ Poetry: free verse, blank verse, sonnets, ballads, songs, etc. ◦ Drama: theatrical plays.
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件美国文学Unit 7 O.Henry
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品简介
《麦琪的礼物》选自他的短篇小说集《四百万》（1906），是各种欧 ·亨利 短篇小说集的必选作品，被称为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事”。
小说描写一对贫苦青年夫妻互赠圣诞礼物的故事。两人生活窘迫，但相亲相 爱。妻子黛拉的长长秀发，是她一直引以为豪的、唯一珍贵的东西。丈 夫吉姆有一件家传的怀表， 非常值得夸耀，但是由于表带陈旧，吉姆不 愿意在人前展示。圣诞前夜，黛拉发现自己千方百计节省的积蓄只有1美 元87美分，伤心之后，她来到理发店，将秀发卖了20美元， 为吉姆精心 挑选了一条“设计简洁，质量上乘”的铂金表链，好让吉姆可以“每天 看上金表一百遍”。吉姆准时回家。当她把表链送到吉姆面前时，丈夫 紧紧拥抱了她，送给她一套玳瑁做成的、镶有珠宝的梳子。这套梳子恰 恰是她梦寐以求的，好用它来梳理自己的秀发。两人发现，吉姆卖力自 己的金表为妻子的秀发买了梳子，而黛拉卖掉了自己的秀发为丈夫买了 表带。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation 只以货色论长短，不以装潢来炫耀
（注解：proclaim 意思是“表明，显示”；meretricious 意思是“浮华的， 耀眼的”）
他的小说一般都是短篇故事，有近300 篇，大多构思奇妙，情节机智 有趣，充满幽默，结尾往往出人意料。他善于捕捉和把握生活中的典型场 面，在一个生活片段里集中刻画人物心理，在很短的篇幅里达到一种思想 和艺术的完美结合。与他所描写的人物和场景相配， 他常在小说中使用普 通人的口语和俚语，使他的作品带有地方特色。
触描写严冬的到来。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
appreciation翻译
appreciation翻译基本解释●appreciation：欣赏，感激，理解●/əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/●n. 欣赏，感激，理解变化形式●n. 复数形式：appreciations具体用法●名词:o欣赏，感激，理解o同义词：gratitude, recognition, admiration, acknowledgment, esteemo反义词：criticism, disapproval, disdain, neglect, ignoranceo例句：●I have a deep appreciation for classical music, which I findboth soothing and inspiring. 我对古典音乐有深刻的欣赏，我觉得它既令人舒缓又鼓舞人心。
●Her appreciation of the fine arts was evident in the way shespoke about the paintings. 她对美术的欣赏在她谈论画作的方式中显而易见。
●The teacher's appreciation for the student's hard work wasexpressed through a heartfelt letter. 老师通过一封真诚的信表达了对学生努力的感激。
●An appreciation of different cultures can lead to a moreharmonious society. 对不同文化的理解可以导致一个更加和谐的社会。
●The audience showed their appreciation with a standingovation at the end of the performance. 观众在演出结束时以起立鼓掌表示他们的欣赏。
●His appreciation for nature was reflected in his beautifullandscape paintings. 他对自然的欣赏反映在他美丽的风景画中。
APS考试-文学原理要点(中英双语精华版)
文学理论的要点（中英双语版）一.文学理论的重要内容之一文学鉴赏1．文学鉴赏的含义：人们在阅读文学作品的过程中，通过把握艺术形象，体会作品中所隐含的思想感情，而获得精神满足和情感愉悦的一种审美活动。
Literature appreciation is an aesthetic activity in which people get spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure by grasping artistic images and experiencing the thoughts and feelings implied in the works while reading literary works.2 .文学鉴赏的性质包括以下几个方面第一，文学鉴赏是一种审美享受。
所谓审美享受指的是一种精神上的满足和情感上的愉悦。
阅读者在阅读文学作品的过程中，如果他沉浸在作品所描绘的世界之中，整个心灵都被作品中的形象调动起来，处于自由、和谐兴奋的状态，从而得到精神的满足和情感的愉悦，那么他就获得了审美享受。
The nature of literary appreciation includes the following aspectsFirst, literary appreciation is a kind of aesthetic enjoyment. The so-called aesthetic enjoyment refers to a kind of spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure. In the process of reading literary works, if the reader is immersed in the world depicted by the works, his whole mind is mobilized by the images in the works, and is in a state of free and harmonious excitement, thus getting spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure, then he has gained aesthetic enjoyment.第二，文学鉴赏是读者的一种再创造活动。
文学文本的解读与鉴赏
文学文本的解读与鉴赏文学作品是人类智慧的结晶，是一种特殊的语言艺术形式。
通过对文学文本的解读与鉴赏，我们可以深入理解作品背后的思想、情感和文化内涵。
本文将从解读的方法和鉴赏的角度来探讨文学文本的解读与鉴赏。
一、解读的方法1. 文本分析法文本分析法是对文学作品进行深入研究的基本方法之一。
它通过对文本的结构、语言、风格等方面进行分析，揭示作品的内在意义。
例如，通过分析小说的情节、人物形象和语言表达，我们可以理解作者想要表达的主题和情感。
2. 语言学解读法语言学解读法强调对文学作品中的语言符号进行解读。
它通过对词汇、句法、修辞等方面的分析，探究作品中的象征、隐喻和修辞手法。
例如，通过分析诗歌中的意象和押韵手法，我们可以理解诗人的情感和意图。
3. 文化解读法文化解读法关注作品背后的文化内涵和文化价值。
它通过对作品所处的时代背景、社会环境和文化传统的分析，理解作品在特定文化背景下的意义。
例如，通过对古代文学作品中的礼仪、道德观念和宗教信仰的解读，我们可以了解古代社会的价值观和文化风貌。
二、鉴赏的角度1. 内容鉴赏内容鉴赏是对作品的主题、情节和人物形象进行评价和解读。
它关注作品所表达的思想、情感和人生观。
例如，通过对小说中的主题和情节的鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的思想深度和故事情节的吸引力。
2. 艺术形式鉴赏艺术形式鉴赏是对作品的语言、结构和风格进行评价和解读。
它关注作品的艺术表现形式和美感。
例如，通过对诗歌的韵律和押韵的鉴赏，我们可以评价诗歌的音乐性和美感。
3. 文化价值鉴赏文化价值鉴赏是对作品所蕴含的文化内涵和文化价值进行评价和解读。
它关注作品对于文化传承和文化交流的贡献。
例如，通过对古代文学作品中的历史故事和文化传统的鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的历史价值和文化影响。
三、解读与鉴赏的重要性解读与鉴赏是我们理解和欣赏文学作品的重要手段。
通过解读，我们可以深入理解作品的内涵和意义，拓展自己的思维和情感世界。
通过鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的艺术价值和文化价值，提升自己的审美能力和文化素养。
外国文学名著赏析(Appreciation of foreign literary classics)
外国文学名著赏析（Appreciation of foreign literary classics）This article is contributed by maria2gPpt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Appreciation of foreign literary classics2006 April 2006Introduction: the history of the mind - Introduction: the history of the mind - the development of Western LiteratureTwo sources: (Er Xi) ancient Greek literature two sources: (Er Xi): two and seven (Hebrew culture period: 1, seven of the Renaissance period: Neoclassical neoclassical 3 century 2,18 in eighteenth Century 4, the enlightenment, Romanticism, realism and the 6,20 5 century modernism postmodernism in twentieth Century modernism PostmodernismFirst, the source of Western literature. (1) the source of Western Literature (1)Ancient Greek mythology, ancient Greek tragedyAncient Greek mythologyThe ancient Greeks of the universe, nature and life of the ancient Greeks to the universe, understanding and thinking. The understanding and thinking of God. And people have a free,independent, God and man has free spirited, independent, carnival fun, enjoy the life of the individual consciousness. Carnival fun, enjoy the life of the individual consciousness. Life consciousness, the awareness of the people, the concept of freedom is the life consciousness, humanistic consciousness, basic spirit. The basic spirit.The story of God and the legend of HeroesThe story of Plo Michel J Jason steal the golden fleece of the story of Hera Claes's storyThe artistic features of Greek mythologyThe imagination is very strong, the imagination is very strong, the story is very strong, the story is very strong. The philosophy is very strong. The philosophy is very strongHomeric epicIn Greek mythology, Dacheng Dacheng, on the Western Anthology of Greek mythology, learn to have a huge impact, learn to have the huge influence, became the first milepost in western literature. The first milepost science. The "Iliad" "Odyssey" Iliad "" Odyssey "" Odyssey "Iliad, IliadDescribing the war of Troy for 10 years, and shaping the war of Troy for 10 years, and shaping a group of flesh and blood hero image, a group of flesh and blood heroic imageThe image of AchillesThe three great tragedies of ancient GreeceAskew Russo Lee PederssophoclesOedipus, king of OedipusKilled his father and married his motherFate tragedyArtistic achievementIt portrays a distinctive character and depicts a distinctive characterThe structure is exquisite and the structure is exquisiteThe source of Western Literature (the source of Western Literature) (two)Christian literature, Christian culture, the Bible, the BibleThe image of MoseEmbodies the basic spirit of Christian culture. They embody the basic spirit of Christian culture. It is an ordinary person, an ordinary man, chosen by God as his agent. The agent is the first national hero. Israel, is Israel's first national hero,the great prophet is the whole of the Old Testament ". The greatest prophet." the Old Testament ".A summary of Renaissance LiteratureIn general, from the beginning of the fourteenth Century to the beginning of the century, from the beginning of fourteenth Century to the beginning of seventeenth Century, from the beginning of the century to the beginning of seventeenth CenturyEstablish a new ideological and cultural system of "bourgeois humanism" based on the establishment of "people" as the center, and the new ideological and cultural systemRepresentative writerPytlak Bio La Berrie Cervantes ShakespeareQuixote "Quixote"The author's creative motivation is the author's creative motivation is "to the world hate absurd romance" knight novel. "Created about 700 different occupation different character created about 700 different occupation of different characters. The characters of Quixote character image analysis.Shakespeare(1564 - 1616) is the European Renaissance giants, 1564 - 1616) is the European Renaissance giant, Dean of the history of theworld drama, the dean of the history of the world drama, one of the greatest writers in the world. One of the creation stages: creation stages: the first period (1590 - 1600) historical dramas. The first period (1590 - 1600) historical drama, comedy and poetry. The creation of Song period. The second period (1601 - 1607) second period (1601 - 1607) peak of tragedy and tragedy and comedy creation period. The peak period, third period (1608 - 1612) romance writing period. The third period (1608 - 1612) romance writing period.Hamlet, HamletIdeological content, Hamlet, character image, artistic achievementEnlightenment literatureRational worship is the ideological basis of the Enlightenment literature. Rational worship is the ideological foundation of the Enlightenment literature. It has successfully molded a series of immortal models, and has successfully molded a series of immortal modelsThe more than 90 works are divided into three parts: "custom research works, philosophical research" study "analysis" philosophic theory research "," research and analysis ". Provides a French society especially the Paris society of extraordinary realistic history. The historical realism of excellence. The representative of" Eugenie Grandet "" high old man "representative" Eugenie Grandet "" high old man "" "high old man."Senior old man", "Gao Lao man"The story happened in the end of 1819 to the story at the end of 1819 to early 1820. Paris Paris at the end of the year to early 1820 in Paris at the beginning of the year. The typical environment: remote block Fugai apartment. The typical environment: remote block Fugai apartment. Typical characters: high old man down; poor students pull typical characters: high old man down; Stine; convict Vidocu; Stine; convict Vidocu; lady Boussain."Senior old man", "Gao Lao man"Analysis of the characters in "Gao man" thought content "Gao old man" -- Gao old man Rusty NeCharlotte Charlotte Bront(1816 - 1855) in nineteenth Century, a famous British realist - 1855 nineteenth Century 1816) a famous British realist writer. Female writer. Born in Yorkshire in the north of England. The ho Chillingworth was born in Yorkshire in the north of England's Ho Chillingworth. Writing four novels: the teacher "" "" Jane has written four novel: "teacher" "Jane Eyre" Shelley "" "" "Villette Villette" Xie Li "" Villette. "Bront sistersCharlotte Bronte: Charlotte Bront: "Jane Eyre" Emily Bronte: a famous British novelist in the poet. Emily Bront: a famousBritish novelist in the poet. Eccentric temperament, masterpiece "eccentric temperament be scanty of words, representative, be scanty of words," Wuthering Heights ". Anne Bronte" Egg Jans Grey "Anne Bronte: Representative: representative of" Egg Jans Grey "Jane EyreCharlotte Bront is famous for, is Charlotte Bront's fame, and also her masterpiece. Watch as a governess. Main characters: Jane Eyre; main characters: female tutor Thornfield Manor Jane Rochester; pastor St. manor Rochester pastor in Saint John;Jane EyreThe theme of Jane Eyre -- the characters in Jane Eyre -- an analysis of the artistic features of Jane EyreRussian literature in nineteenth Century and Russian literature in nineteenth CenturyThe emergence of many great writers. Pushkin, Guo Ge emerged many great writers' works. Pushkin, Turgenev, Xue J J Ki, Turgenev, Czerny, Czerny Xue J J Ki, Tolstoy, Jef J Ki. Athos duly Tolstoy, Jef J Ki. Athos properly has a strong self reflection and repentance consciousness. With strong self reflection and repentance consciousness.dostoevsky(1821 - 1881) can be said to be the second half of nineteenthCentury, Russia 1821 - 1881) can be said to be the second half of the nineteenth Century Russian the most gifted, most personality, the most gifted, most personality, a writer but also the most controversial. A writer. Born in an ordinary family of doctors, patients with epilepsy born in an ordinary family doctor, suffering from epilepsy. Works rich: "poor" idiot "," idiot "books:" poor "" idiot "crime and punishment" and "dead house," "the" dead house, "crime and punishment" and "dead house," "brother" zuof Kalamazoo the Karamazov brothers "" insulted and injured "insulted and injured."Crime and punishment in crime and punishmentMaterial source: source material from "contemporary" magazine serialization: from "contemporary" about a French young Lachenay Jef's crime material, about a French young Lachenay Jef who killed the crime material, an elderly woman jailed. He killed an old woman jailed. The main characters: Sikeernikefu, Sonia, Du La Sikeernikefu, main characters: Sonia, NIA, Alena Ivanov Na. NIA, Alena Ivanov Na. The first chapter "the first chapter" crime "; from the second chapter to the end of write" punishment ".Crime and punishment in crime and punishmentThe theme of crime and punishment, crime and punishment, characterization of crime and punishment, crime and punishment, art characteristics of sin and punishment, crime and punishmentLev Lev Tolstoy(1828 - 1910) nineteenth Century Russia most outstanding realistic 1828 - 1910) in nineteenth Century, Russia's most outstanding realistic writer, one of the world's greatest novelist. Righteous writer, one of the world's greatest novelist. Born in a noble family, life did not stop the spirit and the birth of Yu Gui family agency, will explore the way out. Will explore the way out.Work is an autobiographical Trilogy: childhood "works are autobiographical Trilogy:" childhood "Youth" "Youth" "war and peace" "" Youth "" war and peace "juvenile" "Youth" "war and peace" Resurrection "and" Anna Karenina "" Anna "" Resurrection "and" Anna Karenina "a landlord" morning "a landlord morning".Anna, Karenina, Anna, KareninaIs one of the outstanding representatives of Tolstoy. Tolstoy is one of the outstanding representatives. Consisting of two clues. Composed of two clues. The main characters: Anna Karenina; Levin; Ottawa Lun main characters: Anna Karenina; Levin; Minkowski; Karenin. Kandinsky; Ning calle.Title Page"The New Testament" Bible New Testament "vengeance is mine, I will repay. Vengeance is mine, I will repay. The opening of the novel: the opening of the novel: happy families are all alike, all happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy. Is unhappy.Modernist literature in the twentieth CenturyIs a general term for the first half of the twentieth Century in Europe and the United States has many during the first half of twentieth Century against the traditional European and American anti traditional feature of literary genres. All literary genres syndrome. In twentieth Century a representative of the literary thoughts of the 20th century a representative literary trend. Twentieth Century is a representative of the literary trend. The main schools are: Symbolism; expressionism; main genres: Symbolism; expressionism; futurism; surrealism; stream of consciousness novels. Futurism; surrealism; stream of consciousness novels.Ideological characteristicsIt has a strong tendency of cultural criticism and has a strong tendency of cultural criticismHighlight the theme of alienation and highlight the theme of alienationKafka(1883 - 1924) Austria novelist,. 1883 - 1924) Austria novelist. Born in Prague, parents are of Jewish descent, born in Prague, his parents were Jewish, from his father's strict discipline. Under his father's strict discipline. The three novels "missing" "lawsuit" to "the castle" in three novel "missing" "lawsuit" to "Castle" and "Castle" lawsuit "to" not finished, is representative of the "Metamorphosis" unfinished masterpiece, is a novella "Metamorphosis".Metamorphosis in metamorphosisIt's an absurd and sad story. It's an absurd and sad storyThe people in the modern society due to communication caused by loneliness, indifference and sorrow, caused by loneliness, indifference and sorrow, depicts the people with each other as a heterogeneous alienation. People see each other as a heterogeneous state of alienation.One。
Appreciation of the Poem
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean, know Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear, And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
•
In the second canto, the west wind sweeps the residual cloud in the air , and brings out the storm clouds.The second canto of the poem is much more fluid than the first one. Shelley employs the following images : cloud、 rain、and lighting. Angels of rain and lighting is rightly the storm of revolution brought by the west wind，here by employ personification, it express the majestic momentum of the west wind.
经典英美文学的译文批评与赏析之方法
经典英美文学的译文批评与赏析之方法经典英美文学的译文批评与赏析之方法在我国，英美文学的经典作品赢得部分中文作家和学者普遍认可，本文浅谈谈经典英美文学的译文批评与赏析之方法，欢迎阅读。
【摘要】通过使用中文进行英美经典文学的翻译，也让越来越多人的开始认识和了解经典的英文文学作品，但是因为不同的理解角度不同的翻译方式也让翻译的文本呈现出不同的赏析内涵，以及不同的翻译理念。
本次研究就针对翻译批评和赏析方式进行研究探讨，希望掌握其中的内涵价值。
【关键词】经典英美文学译文批评赏析方法前言随着我国社会经济的不断发展，我国人民在满意物质生活的基础上，同时开始开始追求精神生活层面的享受。
伴随我国加入世贸组织，经典的西方文学在我国迅速普及，在很大程度上缓解人们的精神文明建设层面的迫切需求。
但是，因为西方文学经典在创作的过程中使用的语言体系与我国人民的母语体系存在很大差别，所以需要在语言结构和内涵上进行深入理解和研究。
一、批评与赏析1.大众理解角度的翻译批评和赏析。
根据我国中文语言体系的理解范畴和认知进行分析，目前我国文学研究工作者对于翻译批评和赏析两种研究体系的概念理解还存在一定程度的困难。
因为翻译批评和翻译赏析的概念存在相似的内容，所以需要深入的进行分析和理解才能够掌握两种概念的内涵。
这两种翻译文学的概念存在很高的专业性，翻译批评在我国英汉翻译词典中的解释为相关的翻译工作者通过一些固定的翻译参考标准进行外文内容和词语的翻译，与此同时应当关注文本翻译的文学质量，通过文学翻译和理解的模式翻译出需求的文学文本，并针对翻译的文本进行翻译价值的全面评估。
2.文学中的翻译批评。
从文学翻译批评的工作角度进行分析，针对翻译的文学作品和原作者的思维进行深入的体会和理解，才能够达成翻译批评和赏析的需求。
很多时候不能够完全的理解和掌握翻译文学原作者的思维，就需要进行文学作品的深入解读，通过联系常这个文学作品、翻译文本工作者和读者之间的关系，进一步在翻译文学作品中体会其文学价值和内涵，这也是翻译批评工作三个重要的组成部分。
英美文学的译文的赏评方式
英美文学的译文的赏评方式首先，何为翻译批评？在《中国翻译词典》中，翻译批评被定义为：“参照一定的标准，对翻译过程及其译作质量与价值进行全面的评价。
”笔者认为，所谓的全面评价可以从以下四个方面入手。
首先，翻译本身是一个综合多的对象的过程，它至少包括写作者、翻译者以及译语读者这三个方面，因此，从逻辑上来看，由于文字所蕴含的艺术魅力是源于文本自身的，这就要求必须从文本出发来品味。
翻译批评首先应该从阅读原作入手，从中了解原作者的目的和原作的表达功能；作为语言文化的研究者，在阅读原著的基础上，从中捕捉西方文学的特别元素，了解英美经典文学的基本架构，并总结西方文学阅读的经验，熟知欣赏、评价西方文学作品的基本方法。
为文学批评与赏析奠定良好的基础。
其次，分析比较不同译者的译本，从译作内容层面研究译者的翻译目的、译作体现的翻译方法和原则以及针对特定时代背景下的读者对象的接受程度。
然后，对于译作本身，除了刚刚提及的内容层面，还可以从结构层面上对译作语言本身进行分析，语言是文学内容及情感主题的载体，译作作者只有通过对语言的精心筹划与安排才能塑造出生动形象而符合原作的人物艺术形象，才能讲述出经典永恒的故事情节。
因此，译作作者的语言风格是翻译批评的一个重要研究对象。
对此，笔者认为，至少应该从两个角度进行分析。
1．从修辞的角度文学作品中的修辞手段非常丰富并且不胜枚举，有明喻、暗喻、转喻、提喻、拟人、排比、反语、夸张、委婉语、反讽、对比、押头韵、斜韵等。
在比较不同译作时，应该有意识地分析这些修辞手段的运用，对照原作的语言修辞风格，分析译作使用修辞表达功能的优劣。
这一方面有助于我们深入了解不同语言的生动形象、含蓄幽默以及新颖多彩之处，另一方面，也能最直观最大限度地了解到原作作者的独特风格，从而加深对作品本身价值的掌握。
例如，简•奥斯汀的经典之作《傲慢与偏见》（PrideandPrejudice），小说字里行间俯拾皆是的都是她幽默与讽刺的智慧对白，就拿其标题来说，就运用了压头韵的手法，从语言表达层面上，这迎合了大众文学易读且又极富趣味性的要求。
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件美国文学Unit 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson
（注解：在这里，人与自然已经浑然成为一体。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
爱默森作过牧师，所以遣词造 句颇为讲究，并带有一种宗教的虔 诚，很有震撼力。文中充满了象征、 比喻，使读者迅速进入到一种意境， 并能静下心来，展开想象的翅膀， 做一次精神上的旅游与思考，去细 细体味爱默森笔下的沐浴着宇宙光 辉的大自然。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
爱默生的作品以散文为主，主要著作有：《论自然》 （Nature, 1836）、《散文集：第一集》（Essays: First Series, 1841）、《散文集：第二集》（Essays: Second Series, 1844）、 《代表性人物》（Representative Men, 1850）、《英国人的性格》 （English Traits, 1856）等。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品欣赏
本篇选读选自《自然》的导言和第1章。 在导言中，爱默生提出我们 自己亲眼所见生发出我们自己的诗和哲学，要拥有上天的直接启示的 宗教，在这个过程中，直观自然就能给予我们启发。
在第1章中， 他具体化了人与自然沟通的方式。要真正的独处，就应 该凝视星空。感悟“向我们发出意味深长的微笑的星光”。星星能够 唤起崇高之感，能够令我们油然而生诗意。像孩子一样用眼睛去看， 又用心去看，才能得到这种诗意的感悟。自然教我们 成为永恒之美的 热爱者，人沉于自然的和谐之中，就能感悟到自然的精神。
英美文学欣赏第四版英美文学欣赏第四版爱默生出生在美国波士顿一个世代牧师家庭年轻时做过牧师后辞去牧师职务去欧洲旅行在那里结识了英国浪漫主义大诗人柯勒律治samuleltaylorcoleridge17721834华兹华斯williamwordsworth17701850和史学家卡莱尔thomascarlyle17951881深受英国浪漫主义思想的影响
从格律的角度欣赏英诗
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Ⅱ. Foot （音步）
❖ 1. Concept: a unit of poetic meter of stressed and unstressed syllable
❖ 2.Types:
• Monometer: one foot; Pentameter: five feet • Dimeter: two feet; Hexameter: six feet • Trimeter: three feet; Heptameter: seven feet • Tetrameter: four feet; Octameter: eight feet
Contents
❖ Ⅰ. Meter ❖ Ⅱ. Foot ❖ Ⅲ. Rhythm ❖ Ⅳ. Sound patterns ❖ Ⅴ. Rhyme ❖ Ⅵ. Rhyme Scheme ❖ Ⅶ. Forms of poem ❖ Ⅷ. Appreciations
Ⅰ.meter （格）
❖ 1.concept:the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
❖ Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring
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Ⅶ.Forms of poem （诗体）
❖ Form is the design of a poem, the particular pattern it takes when it is written on paper. In each poem, we usually find a number of similar units. Each unit may have three lines, four lines or more. This recurring unit of a poem is called stanza.（诗节）
欣赏和方法的英语作文高中
欣赏和方法的英语作文高中Appreciation and MethodsAppreciation is a valuable quality that enriches our lives and broadens our perspectives. It allows us to see the beauty and significance in various aspects of the world around us. However, to truly appreciate, one needs to adopt appropriate methods.Firstly, being observant is crucial. We should trn ourselves to notice the small detls and nuances that often go unnoticed. For example, when looking at a pnting, instead of just giving it a quick glance, we can focus on the brushstrokes, the use of colors, and the emotions conveyed. This level of observation helps us gn a deeper understanding and appreciation of the artist's work.Secondly, having an open mind is essential. We should avoid being judgmental and be willing to embrace different viewpoints and experiences. When encountering a new form of art, a different culture, or an unfamiliar idea, we should approach it with curiosity and a willingness to learn. By doing so, we expand our horizons and are able to appreciate the diversity and plexity of the world.Another important method is to reflect and analyze. After experiencing something, we can take the time to think about what we have witnessed and felt. This reflection helps us extract the essence and meaning, there enhancing our appreciation. For instance, after reading a book, we can consider the themes, the character development, and the author's message, which allows us to appreciate the literary value more profoundly.In conclusion, appreciation is not just a passive act but an active process that requires us to be observant, keep an open mind, and reflect. By using these methods, we can truly appreciate the beauty and significance in life, and gn a greater sense of fulfillment and wisdom.。
Appreciation__of_Shakespeare's_sonnet_18.
Appreciation of Shakespeare's sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564～1616) born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights .Shakespeare’s reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, Sonnet 18 is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them.Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language. It is memorable not only for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter ,in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets, but also for Shakespeare’s ability to capture the essence of love so cleanly and succinctly. The poet here abandons his quest for theyouth to have a child, but glories in the youth’s beauty instead.It is said that Shakespeare's sonnets is dedicated to two people: the former 126 poems dedicated to a noble youth, and the latter dedicated to a black skin girl. Obvio usly Sonnet 18 is the former, which sparks many debates about Shakespeare’s sexuality. But the nature of the relationship between the two men is highly ambiguous and it is often impossible to tell if Shakespeare is describing platonic love or erotic love. It was also said that his sonnets are just professional literature. However, these are irrelevant, poetry itself is great.Sonnet18 is a lyric poem consisting of 14 lines-three quatrains and one couplet, in an iambic pentameter, restricted to the rhyme scheme ababcdcdefefgg Initially, the poet poses a question, "Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?" This question is comparing the youth to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the youth and summer days.The imagery is very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds”. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the youth from the summer's day: he is "more lovely and more temperate."Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" which happens and is not always as welcoming as the youth.However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often too short by saying, "And summer's lease hath all too short a date."In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" , often shines "too hot" or too dim."his gold complexion dimmed" , that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." The final portion of the sonnet tells how the youth differs from the summer in various respects. His beauty will beone that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." and never end or die.In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how the youth's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because his beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see."On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the youth, and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the youth in the poem is always mild and temperate by his nature and nothing like the summer at all. Summer is tainted by occasional winds and the eventual change of season, summer mu st always come to an end, but the speaker’s love for the man is eternal. For the speaker, love transcends nature in two ways: The speaker begins by comparing the man’s beauty to summer, but soon the man becomes a force of nature himself. In the line, “thy eternal summer shall not fade,” the man suddenly embodies summer. As a perfect being, he becomes more powerful than the summer’s day to which he was being compared.The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare’s sonnets, i t is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line has its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that affects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. An important theme of the sonnet, throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the youth down to future generations and eventually for all of eternity. The youth's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."With this the speaker is able to accomplish what have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and moretemperate", that the youth is deserving to live on forever. The young man to whom the poem is addressed is a muse for Shakespeare’s first 126 sonnets. Although there is some debate about the correct ordering of the texts, the first 126 sonnets are thematically interlinked and demonstrate a progressive narrative. They tell of a romantic affair that becomes more passionate and intense with each sonnet.Sonnet 18 铁冰译文1 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 我该不该把你比作怡人的夏天？2 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你却比她更加可爱更加温情。
英美文学作品赏析王苗苗22
英美文学作品赏析 Appreciation of Masterpieces in English and American Literature
--英国文艺复兴时期（1558-1603 ）
王苗苗 著
Who is this?
1564年4月26日他出生了，默 年 月 日他出生了 日他出生了， 默无闻。 默无闻。1616年4月26日他去 年 月 日他去 世了，举世闻名。 世了，举世闻名。 在整整52年的生涯中 年的生涯中， 在整整 年的生涯中，他为世 人留下了37个剧本 个剧本， 人留下了 个剧本，154首十 首十 和两部叙事长诗。 四行诗和两部叙事长诗 四行诗和两部叙事长诗。 他的剧本至今还在世界各地演 在他生日的那天， 出。在他生日的那天，每年都 有许多国家在上演他的剧本纪 念他。 念他。 最伟大的戏剧天才（马克思） 最伟大的戏剧天才（马克思） 英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的艺 术大师。 术大师。
பைடு நூலகம்
文学地位
在西方世界，一般人家必备的两本书， 在西方世界，一般人家必备的两本书，一 本是《圣经》 一本就是《 本是《圣经》，一本就是《莎士比亚全 1984年选举世界 名伟大作家 年选举世界10名伟大作家， 集》。1984年选举世界10名伟大作家，莎 士比亚名列第一。 士比亚名列第一。这些都说明莎士比亚是 有史以来最负盛名的作家。他被誉为“ 有史以来最负盛名的作家。他被誉为“奥 林匹亚山上的宙斯” 林匹亚山上的宙斯”，他的戏剧已被公认 为是不可企及的典范。 为是不可企及的典范。
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Toni Morrison
1993 "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"
John
1962 "for his realistic and imaginative writings,
Steinbeck
combining as they do sympathetic humour
and keen social perception"
Saul Bellow
1976 "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"
“The Cask of Amontillado”
1. Warming-up Exercises:
Read the following passages and answer the questions.
Example:
1. …And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to
(5) Modern American Literature (19181945)
(6) Contemporary American Literature (1945- )
2. Three Major Themes of American Literature
(1) Sense of place or frontier (地域意识或边 疆意 识)
Ernest
1954
Miller
Hemingway
"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"
"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
2012年10月11日，瑞 典文学院诺贝尔奖评审委 员会宣布，中国作家莫言 获诺贝尔文学奖。评委会 的理由是“莫言的幻觉现 实主义作品融合了民间故 事、历史和当代性”，莫 言成为首个获奖的中国籍 作家。
Chinese author Mo Yan has been awarded the 2012
Questions:
1.According to the Bible, how was human created?
2. How was the first woman created?
3. From this description, what is the relationship between Adam and Eve /man and woman?
4. Have you noticed any problem concerning the relationship between man and woman?
5. What is your opinion on the relationship between man and woman?
6.When created, Adam and Eve were both naked, but why not ashamed?
★ Generally, we can interpret a literary work from the following three aspects:
(1) theme (2) writing features (3) character portrayal
Part II. Case Study: Appreciation of
Major Works by Mo Yan
《红高粱》 Red Sorghum
《檀香刑》 Sandalwood Death
《丰乳肥臀》 Big Breasts and Wide Hips
《酒国》
The Republic of Wine
《生死疲劳》 Life and Death Are Wearing
(2) Individualism or individual freedom (个 性自由)
(3) The American Dream
3. Nobel Prize Winners in American Literary History
(1) Sinclair Lewis, (6) Ernest Hemingw4. Learning Method sources of work and genre contents of the work (plot, theme, position in literary history) author’s attitude style
And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
…And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
tales, history and the contemporary.”
The 57-year-old is the first Chinese resident to win
the prize. Chinese-born Gao Xingjian was honoured in
2000, but is a French citizen.
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
WHEN
WHY
1930 "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Joseph Brodsky
1978 1987
"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
Hallucination: False or distorted perception of objects or events with a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug. 幻觉：对于事物或事件错误的或扭曲的看法，同时坚信 这些看法的真实性 ，它主要产生于精神错乱或药物反 应.
Nobel Prize for literature.
A prolific author, Mo has published dozens of short
stories, with his first work published in 1981.
The Swedish Academy praised his work which “with hallucinatory realism （谵妄现实主义） merges folk
7. Had Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden eternally? Why?
8. What does the “Garden of Eden” symbolize?
9. What is your comment on the eating of he forbidden apple, thus the “original sin” of human beings?
fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
(5) William Faulkner, (10) Toni Morrison, 1993 1950
Sinclair Lewis, 1930
Eugene O’Neill, 1936
Pearl Buck, 1938