小学生英语小报手抄报A4模板
四年级英语上册小报1至6单元
四年级英语上册小报1至6单元第一单元：Hello在第一单元中，学生们学习了打招呼和自我介绍的基本用语。
他们学会了用英语向他人问好，并且能够简单介绍自己的尊称和芳龄。
通过这一单元的学习，学生们的英语口语能力得到了初步的培养和提升。
第二单元：Numbers在第二单元中，学生们学习了从1到20的基本数字，并且能够用英语进行简单的数数。
他们还学会了用英语表达日期和问别人的芳龄，这为日常交流提供了基础。
第三单元：Colors在第三单元中，学生们学会了各种颜色的英文单词，并且能够简单地用英文描述物品的颜色。
通过这一单元的学习，学生们不仅提升了英语词汇量，还培养了对颜色的英语表达能力。
第四单元：Animals在第四单元中，学生们学习了一些常见动物的英文单词，并且能够简单地描述这些动物。
学生们通过与动物有关的故事和游戏，激发了他们学习英语的兴趣。
第五单元：Action verbs在第五单元中，学生们学习了一些常见的动作动词，并且能够用英语描述他们自己的日常活动。
通过这一单元的学习，学生们的日常生活英语表达能力得到了提升。
第六单元：Family在第六单元中，学生们学习了一些家庭成员的英文单词，并且能够简单地介绍自己的家庭情况。
这一单元的学习让学生们了解了家庭成员之间的称谓，同时也培养了他们的家庭情感。
总结：四年级英语上册小报1至6单元的学习内容丰富多彩，涵盖了打招呼、数字、颜色、动物、动作动词和家庭等多个方面的基础知识。
通过这些学习，学生们在英语口语、词汇量、日常生活表达等方面都得到了初步的提升。
希望学生们在接下来的学习中能够继续努力，不断提升英语能力。
第七单元：Daily Activities在第七单元中，学生们将学习一些日常活动的英文单词，例如吃饭、睡觉、上学等，同时学会用英语描述自己的日常活动。
这一单元的学习将进一步提升学生们的日常生活表达能力，让他们能够用英语简单而准确地描述自己的日常生活。
第八单元：Food and Drinks第八单元将引导学生学习食物和饮料的英文单词，学生将会了解许多日常生活中常见的食物和饮料，并掌握如何用英语对它们进行简单描述。
四年级上册英语第六单元手抄报模板
四年级上册英语第六单元手抄报模板
以下是一个适用于四年级上册英语第六单元手抄报的模板：
标题：英语学习之旅
主题：探索英语世界
内容：
1. 单元主题：介绍第六单元的主题和内容，例如"动物世界"。
2. 基础词汇：列出本单元学习的基础词汇，并附上图片和中文意思。
3. 语法重点：总结本单元的语法知识点，例如"形容词的比较级"，并提供相关例句。
4. 对话练习：展示几个本单元对话的场景，包括角色的对话内容和配图。
5. 阅读理解：挑选一篇与本单元主题相关的阅读文章，并附上问题，供同学们进行阅读理解练习。
6. 小作文：给同学们留下一篇小作文的写作题目，鼓励他们运用本单元所学知识进行写作。
7. 单元活动：介绍一些与本单元主题相关的游戏或活动，例如"动物拼图游戏"，或者"动物声音猜猜猜"等。
8. 学习心得：鼓励同学们分享自己对本单元学习的感悟和体会，可以提供一些学习心得的模板，供同学们填写。
9. 练习题：准备一些与本单元内容相关的练习题，供同学们
进行复习或者自测。
10. 参考资料：提供一些与本单元学习内容相关的参考书籍或网站，供同学们进一步学习。
结束语：鼓励同学们继续努力学习英语，开启更广阔的语言世界。
希望以上模板能够帮到你，祝你手抄报制作顺利！。
四年级上册英语手抄报1~6单元
四年级上册英语手抄报1~6单元Four Year English Hand Memorial 1~6 UnitUnit 1: Hello!In this unit, students learn basic greetings and introductions. They will learn how to say “hello”, “goodbye”, “thank you” and ask “What’s your name?” They will also learn how to respond to these questions.Unit 2: My familyIn this unit, students learn how to talk about their family members. They will learn the words for father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather and grandmother. They will also learn how to ask and answer questions about family members.Unit 3: My friendsIn this unit, students learn how to talk about their friends. They will learn how to say “This is my friend…” and “These are my friends…” They will also learn how to describe their friends using adjectives such as kind, funny, smart, etc.Unit 4: My schoolIn this unit, students learn how to talk about their school. They will learn how to say the names of different school subjectssuch as math, science, English, etc. They will also learn how to say what they like and don’t like about school.Unit 5: My houseIn this unit, students learn how to talk about their house. They will learn the names of different rooms in the house such as living room, kitchen, bedroom, etc. They will also learn how to say what furniture and appliances are in each room.Unit 6: My hobbiesIn this unit, students learn how to talk about their hobbies and interests. They will learn how to say “I like…” and “I don’t like…” They will also learn how to talk about activities they enjoy such as playing sports, reading, drawing, etc.Overall, these units cover basic language skills that students can use in their everyday lives. By the end of this hand memorial, students should be able to have basic conversations in English and describe themselves and their surroundings.。
六年级上册第四单元英语少手抄报模板
英语少手抄报模板一、标题：English Handwritten Report Template二、概述：Hello everyone！Today, I'm going to introduce a template for English handwritten reports in grade six, unit four. I hope it will be helpful for you toplete your English assignments.三、模板内容：1.标题页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"English Handwritten Report"或者“英语手抄报”- 在页面中间位置写上你的名字、年级和班级信息- 在页面下方写上报告的日期2.目录页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Table of Contents"或者“目录”- 按照报告的顺序列出各部分的标题和页数3.第一页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Introduction"或者“概述”- 简单介绍本手抄报的主题和目的4.第二页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Vocabulary"或者“词汇”- 列出本单元学习的重点词汇，每个词汇后附上中文释义和例句5.第三页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Grammar"或者“语法”- 汇总本单元学习的重点语法知识，例如时态、句型等6.第四页至第八页- 分别用一个页面介绍本单元的每一个课文，包括文章的标题、内容梗概和重点句型7.第九页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Review"或者“复习”- 总结本单元的重点内容，包括词汇、语法和课文内容8.最后一页- 在纸张的上方居中位置写上"Conclusion"或者“结论”- 简要总结本手抄报的内容，表达对英语学习的期望和建议四、结尾：希望以上模板对你完成英语手抄报有所帮助，祝你学习进步！五、参考资料：无六、致谢：感谢各位老师和同学的支持和帮助。
英语小报四年级下册一等奖
英语小报四年级下册一等奖四年级下册的英语学习已经结束啦！在这个学期里，同学们在英语学习方面取得了很大的进步，他们的努力和成果应该得到充分的肯定和赞赏。
为了表彰他们的努力和奖励他们的成绩，我校决定举办一个英语小报评比活动。
经过评委老师的严格评选和观众的投票，我校的英语小报四年级下册一等奖评选结果揭晓了。
英语小报四年级下册一等奖得主是《English Fun》！《English Fun》小报在所有参赛小报中脱颖而出，成为本次评选活动的一等奖获得者。
下面，我将为大家详细介绍一下《English Fun》小报，并分享一些获奖的亮点。
《English Fun》小报的整体风格明快、活泼，以孩子们感兴趣的主题为线索，引导孩子们通过英语的学习来拓展视野、增长知识。
整个小报以彩色印刷展示，画面鲜艳，给人一种欢快的感觉。
每个栏目都有相应的标题和图片，让读者一目了然地了解内容。
在小报的第一页，主题是“My Favorite Food”。
这个主题旨在培养学生对食物的认知，鼓励学生用英语描述自己喜欢的食物。
在这个栏目中，同学们通过描绘食物的形状、颜色，以及描述味道和口感，使文章更加生动有趣。
同时，图片和文字相结合，加深了读者对食物的理解和记忆。
小报的第二页主题是“My Daily Routine”。
通过描述一天的安排，同学们学会使用英语表达时间和活动的顺序，提高了学生的写作能力和交流能力。
同学们用简单明了的句子描述了自己的早晨活动、上学路上的情景以及在学校里的学习和活动，内容丰富多样，充分展示了同学们的能力和成果。
除了内容的丰富和多样化，《English Fun》小报还注重了对同学们创意的发掘和培养。
小报的倒数第二页是一个“Creative Corner”，同学们在这个角落里可以自由发挥，用自己的创意进行绘画、插图和写作。
这一栏目鼓励学生们展示自己的才华和创意，给小报增添了一丝童真和活力。
最后，小报的最后一页是“Fun Games”。
小学生手抄报英语小报精品模板(可直接打印)【精品版】
英语自我介绍Good morning , everybody（大家早上好！）I'm interested in learning English very much, and I believe that I will do well in the future.I won't let you down!（我很喜欢学习)hello, everyone, it's my honor to stand here introducing myself. (大家好，很高兴有机会在这里介绍我自己。
)Thanks for your listening.(谢谢你们的聆听。
)英语小短文Enjoy that uniquenesss1. You do not have to pretend in orderto seem more like someone else. You do not have to lie to hide theparts of yothat are not like what you see in anyone else.You weremeant to be different. Nowhere, in all of history, will the samethings be going on in anyone’s mind, soul and spirit as are goingon in yours right now.I f you did not exist, there would be a hole in creation, agap2 in history, and something missingfrom the plan fo to you. Enjoy it and share it!No one can reach out to others in the英语常用语Could you do me a favor? 能请你帮个忙吗？Happy Birthday！生日快乐!Happy new year! 新年快乐r congratulations to you ! 祝贺你！。
四上英语1至6单元小报简单版
四上英语1至6单元小报简单版英文回答：Unit 1: My School Life.In Unit 1, we learned about school life. We talkedabout our school subjects, our favorite activities, and our daily routines. For example, I enjoy studying English and playing soccer during recess. On the other hand, my friend prefers math and playing chess. We also discussed our morning routines. I usually wake up at 7 o'clock, brush my teeth, have breakfast, and then catch the school bus. My friend, on the other hand, wakes up at 6:30, takes a shower, eats breakfast, and walks to school.Unit 2: My Family.Unit 2 was all about our families. We learned how to introduce our family members and describe their appearances and personalities. For instance, I have a younger sisterwho has long brown hair and is very friendly. My dad istall and has a beard, while my mom is short and has curly hair. We also talked about our family activities. On weekends, my family likes to go hiking or have a picnic in the park. We enjoy spending quality time together.Unit 3: My Friends.In Unit 3, we discussed our friends and how to describe them. I have many friends, but my best friend is Jack. Heis funny, kind, and always there for me when I need him. We often hang out together and play video games or go to the movies. On the other hand, my other friend, Sarah, is more serious and studious. She helps me with my homework and we often study together. It's great to have different types of friends who bring different qualities into my life.Unit 4: My Hobbies.Unit 4 focused on our hobbies and interests. We shared what we like to do in our free time. Personally, I enjoy playing the guitar and painting. I find it relaxing and itallows me to express my creativity. On the other hand, my friend enjoys playing basketball and cooking. We often exchange ideas and share our hobbies with each other. It's interesting to learn about different hobbies and try new things.Unit 5: My Daily Routine.Unit 5 was all about our daily routines. We learned how to talk about our activities from morning to night. In the morning, I wake up, brush my teeth, and have breakfast. Then, I go to school and attend my classes. After school, I do my homework, have dinner, and spend some time with my family. Before going to bed, I read a book or listen to music. It's important to have a structured daily routine to stay organized and make the most of our time.Unit 6: My Future.In Unit 6, we discussed our future plans and aspirations. We talked about what we want to be when we grow up and how we can achieve our goals. For example, Iwant to become a doctor and help people. I plan to study hard and go to medical school. My friend, on the other hand, wants to become a teacher and make a difference inchildren's lives. We support each other's dreams and encourage each other to work towards our goals.中文回答：第一单元，我的学校生活。
英语四年级上册第四单元手抄报模板
英语四年级上册第四单元手抄报模板一、手抄报背景背景可以选择浅蓝色或浅绿色，以体现出英语学习的轻松氛围和四年级学生的活泼特点。
可以在背景上加上一些简单的图案，如星星、云朵、彩虹等，使画面更加生动有趣。
二、手抄报内容1. 单元主题介绍：在左上角或右上角写上本单元的主题，如“Unit 4 Season and Activities”，并对主题进行简要的介绍。
2. 单词学习：将本单元所学的单词和短语按照字母表顺序进行排列，并在每个单词下面标注中文意思。
可以使用彩色笔标出重点单词和短语，如“spring”、“summer”、“autumn”、“winter”等季节词汇和“play football”、“go swimming”、“make a snowman”等与季节相关的活动词汇。
3. 句型练习：在本单元句型部分，可以设计一些互动问题或小测试，让学生进行回答或选择。
例如：“Which season do you like best? Why?”、“What do you usually do in winter?”等。
4. 文化交流：在中间部分可以添加一些与季节相关的文化介绍，如不同季节的习俗、传统活动等，增强学生对英语文化的了解和认识。
5. 精彩瞬间：将本单元的学习过程中一些有趣的瞬间或活动照片展示在手抄报上，并配以简单的文字说明，如“我们在春天放风筝”、“我们在夏天游泳”等。
6. 自我评价：在最后可以留出一部分空间，让学生写下对本单元学习的自我评价和感受，也可以鼓励他们提出自己对未来的英语学习期望和建议。
三、手抄报排版排版要简洁明了，色彩搭配要合理，突出重点内容。
可以将单词和短语按照字母顺序排列，使整个手抄报看起来整齐有序。
同时，要注意留白，使手抄报看起来更加清新自然。
在排版过程中，可以使用一些简单的图形和线条，使手抄报更加生动有趣。
四、手抄报装饰为了使手抄报更加美观，可以在适当的位置添加一些装饰元素，如边框、图案、插图等。
四年级上册第一单元英语手抄报模板
四年级上册第一单元英语手抄报模板四年级上册第一单元英语手抄报模板如下：Title: Unit 1 - GreetingsIntroduction:- Include a colorful and eye-catching title for your handout, such as "Unit 1 - Greetings" or "Learn English Greetings".Content:- Divide the handout into sections, each focusing on a different topic or aspect of greetings. For example:1. Basic Greetings: Write down common greetings like "Hello", "Good morning", "Good afternoon", and "Good evening". Include their meanings and when to use them.2. Introducing Yourself: Explain how to introduce oneself in English, such as "My name is..." or "Nice to meet you".3. Polite Words: Include phrases like "Please", "Thank you", and "You're welcome", along with when and how to use them.4. Farewells: Provide a list of English phrases for saying goodbye, such as "Goodbye", "See you later", and "Take care".5. Dialogues: Display sample dialogues to practice greetings and conversations, such as "A: Good morning! B: Good morning! A: What's your name? B: My name is Lily. A: Nice to meet you, Lily."Visualization:- Add pictures and illustrations to make the handout more engaging and visually appealing. Use clip arts or draw simple drawings that relate to greetings, such as handshakes, waving hands, or friends greeting each other.Language Learning Tips:- Include a separate section providing language learning tips, such as practicing greetings with friends or family members, watching English videos or cartoons to hear greetings in context, and using greeting flashcards or apps.Exercises:- Finally, include a section with exercises or activities for students to practice greetings. These can include fill-in-the-blank exercises, matching the greetings with their meanings, or role-playing simple dialogues.Conclusion:- Conclude the handout by reiterating the importance of greetings in different situations and cultures, and encourage students to continue practicing and using English greetings in their daily lives.Note: Feel free to modify and adapt this template according to your needs and preferences.。
英语手抄报模板(A4).doc
ELECTRICAL ENGLISHWe all know that English is very useful. Many people in the worldspeak English. So more and more people in China study it.How to study English well I think we must have a good way to study English. If you want to learn English well, listening, speaking,reading and writing are important. You should listen to tapes everyday. You should often speak English with your teachers and friends.You should read English every morning. And, you had better keep a diary every day. In this way, you can study English well.参考译文：我们都知道英语很有用，世界上有许多人讲英语。
所以中国也有越来越多的人学英语。
怎样把英语学好我想我们必须有一个好的学习英语的方法。
如果你想学好英语，听、说、读、写很重要。
你应该每天听磁带，你应该经常同老师和朋友们讲英语，你应该每天早晨读英语，而且你最好每天记一篇日记。
用这种方法，你就能学好英语。
v1.0可编辑可修改HUMOR幽默Not long after an old Chinese woman came back toChina from her visit to her daughter in the States,she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars herdaughter gave her. At the bank counter, the clerkchecked each note carefully to see if the money wasreal. It made the old lady out of patience.常见英文简写PKG =一包，一捆，一扎，一VIP = 重要人物件等CBD =中央商务区WT =重量IT = 信息技术.=毛重DIY = 动手制作.=净重INT = 国际的Humor 幽默P/L = 装箱单、明细表Mother asked her littleWhen—什么时候daughter who was reading a book.Where—在哪里"What are you reading, dear"Who—谁"I don't know." the little girlWhat—做什么answered.Why—为什么做1。
四年级下册英语小报1到3单元
四年级下册英语小报1到3单元Unit1:My School BagLet me introduce my school bag.It is blue and has two shoulder straps.There are three compartments in my bag.In the first compartment,I put my English book,math book,and Chinese book.I also keep my pencil case and eraser there.In the second compartment,I put my water bottle and lunch box. It's important to stay hydrated and have a healthy lunch.In the last compartment,I keep my art supplies,including colored pencils,crayons,and paintbrushes.I love painting during my art class.Unit2:My FamilyIn this unit,we learn to talk about our families.I have a small family.There are four members in my family-my parents,my younger brother,and me.My father is a doctor, and my mother is a teacher.They both work hard to take care of our family.My brother is in kindergarten.He is very cute and always makes me laugh.We have a pet dog named Max.He is very friendly and loves to play fetch.We often go for walks with Max in the park.Unit3:My Daily RoutineIn this unit,we learn about our daily routines.Let me tell you about my daily routine.I usually wake up at7o'clock in the morning.After brushing my teeth and washing my face,I have breakfast with my family.Then,I go to school.School starts at8:30am and ends at3:30pm.We have different subjects like English,math,science,and PE.After school,I do my homework and review what I learned in class. In the evening,I have dinner with my family and then spendsome time playing with my brother.Finally,I take a shower and go to bed at9o'clock.I have a good night's sleep and prepare for another day at school.This concludes the first three units of the fourth-grade English textbook.I hope you enjoyed reading about my school bag,family,and daily routine.Remember to always stay organized,cherish your family,and manage your time well. Keep up the good work in learning English!。
小学生趣味英语阅读小报手抄报word模版
英语美文-青春（节选）Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。
如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。
年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
英文励志名言Snow nothing, reap nothing. 春不播，秋不收。
Keep on going never give up. 勇往直前，决不放弃！The wealth of the mind is the only wealth.精神的财富是唯一的财富。
The best preparation for tomorrowis doing your best today. 对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好！Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.今日事今日毕！Do one thing at a time, and do well.一次只做一件事，做到最好！自我介绍Hello!Every one. 大家好！My name is .. 我的名字是...... I'm a girl. 我是一个女孩。
小学生手抄报模板国庆英语小报
Various countries National Day origin The National Day is each nationalimportant holiday, but the name has differently. Many countries are called "the National Day" or "the National Day", but also has some countries to call "the independent date" or "the independent festival", also some calling "republican date", "republic date", "revolutionary date", "liberation date", "national revival festival", "constitution date" and so on, but also has directly to the country's name adds on "the date", like "the Australian date", "the Pakistani date", some take king's birthday or ascends the base date as the National Day, in case king changes, National Day specific date also along with it replacement. Girls like flowers, and more broad-minded inclusion, in order to open up new possibilities and awaken the sleepy mountain, the river changed its appearance. This is a beautiful motherland is where my growth.Every time meets the National Day, the various countries all must hold the different form celebratIn order to celebrate the National Day, the various countries' government usually must hold a time of National Day reception, by the head of state, the head of government or foreign minister acts on behalf of to manage, the invitation is stationed at the locality the various countries' diplomatic agent and other important foreign guests participates. The motherland in the everybody in my heart this lives happily now is hard-earned, the heroism that this is the our great hero that fight day and they are not afraid of death for us the following person can have to make the same score installed life. To us the values this hard-earned life that we had been close friends for the child of 21 centuries. Well grasp this opportunity well study, learn my each lesson the good student that does to taste actor learning a needle to contend for the person that take the success that becomes new generation, for our national win honour for, for ours domestic ancestor contends for a tone to be absent let those foreigners look not to remove us. After I want to be in, we want unitive at one, everybody is in one collective each are to want to had been done, the study that in the following day I had been close friends well forging, the country is after be brought up win honour for.I n this season of heavy fragrance, pleasant day across the country, there is a feeling worried about is, there is a miss is thinking. Sincerely wish you a happy National Day. T h e P e o pl e's R e p u bl i c o f C h i na h a sb e en s e t u pf o r60y e ar s.A f t e r t he d a r k a nd def f i c u l tt i m e,w eb ec o m em u c h s t ro n g e r,r i c he r.T h e qu a l i t y o ur p e o p l e's l if e h a s i m pr o v e d a l ot.W h e n w el o o k b a c k,w e c a ns e e t h e po o r a n d w e a k i nt h e p a s ty e a r s.O n ce n o n e on e i n t h e w o r l d r e sp e c t e d u s,o r o u r co u n t r y.B u tt h a t h a db e e n t h e PA S T!W e a r e pr o u d o f t he s e.W e ar e p r o u dt h a t o u rg r e a t c o u nt r y i s b e c om i n g s t r o ng e r a n d s tr o n g e r!1..2。
小学生趣味英语阅读小报手抄报word模版
Snow nothing, reap nothing.春不播，秋不收。
Keep on going never give up.勇往直前，决不放弃！The wealth of the mind is the only wealth.英语美文-青春（节选）Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is amatter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs oflife.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the loveof ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. Wegrow old by deserting our ideals.精神的财富是唯一的财富。
The best preparation for tomorrowis doing your best today.对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好！Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.今日事今日毕！Do one thing at a time, and do well.一次只做一件事，做到最好！青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
英语诗词手抄报 a4纸
英语诗词手抄报
英语诗词手抄报a4纸内容可以根据您的喜好选择一首英文诗进行抄写，可以选择以下内容：
A Grain of Sand
William Blake
To see a world in a grain of sand
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour.
在一张A4纸上抄写这首诗，可以按照以下步骤进行：
1.准备一张A4纸，将它放置在平稳的桌面上。
2.将诗的标题“A Grain of Sand”写在纸的中央，字体大小适中，颜色可以
根据您的喜好选择。
3.在标题下方留出适当的空间，开始抄写诗的内容。
可以使用英文字体书写，
注意保持字迹整洁清晰。
4.在抄写的过程中，可以根据诗的意境在合适的位置加入插图或装饰，使手
抄报更加美观。
5.抄写完毕后，可以在空白处写下自己的感想或者对这首诗的理解，让手抄
报更加有个人特色。
6.最后，可以对整个手抄报进行检查和修正，确保整体效果符合您的预期。
希望这个例子能给您提供一些启示，让您更好地完成自己的英语诗词手抄报。