组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1. 主语：主语是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，表示句子主要说明的人或事物，

一般放于句首，常由名词，数词、动名词、动词不定式或代词等充当。

（1）The book sells good.

（2）Marry didn’t finish her work until 9 p.m.

（3）The teacher with two of his students is walking into the

classroom.

（4）There is an old man coming here.

（5）The useful dictionary was given by m y mother last year.

（6）Three plus four equals seven.

（7）To see is to believe.

（8）Eating too m uch is bad for your health.

2. 谓语：谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，具有的特征或所处的状态。指出主语“做

什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样. 一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成：一般可分为两类：

1)简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

（1）We study for the people.。

（2）Your ship enters a different tim e zone every day.

(3) Henry travel by ship across the Pacific Ocean.

(4) He took off when he was 30.

2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词原形或系动词+表语

（1）I can speak a little English.

（2）You need finish your work.

(3) Som etimes small children must be driven to school．

（4）Lucy m ay com e yesterday.

（5）The boy sitting under the tree is m y brother.

(6) They are friendly to us.

(7) The m usic sounds nice.

（注意：谓语是句子的生命。英语句子中没有谓语动词必定是错误的句子。英语句子不管主句还是从句，只能允许一个动词。）

3. 表语:表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be之后)，说明主语身份，特征，

属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词等充当。

(1) My sister is an urse.

(2) The old man was tired.

(3) Game is over,so we can go home now.

(4)The food tastes good,please give me another one.

英语句子中主谓一致的几个注意点

在初中英语句子中，谓语必须在人称和数方面与主语保持一致，下面是在学习中要注意的几种特殊情况：

1、由every- ，any-，some- ， no-等构成的不定代词和each 作句子的主语时，

谓语动词用单数。如：

例句1：Each of the students has a dictionary.

例句2：Nobody knows him here.

2、当句子中有两个主语，而它们又是由neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

例句1：Neither she nor I am a teacher.

例句2：Not only Mike but also they have seen the movie.

3、在there be句型中，如果主语不止一个，那么谓语动词必须和最近的一个主语保持一致。如：

例句1：There is a book and two pens on the desk.

例句2：There are some students and a teacher in the classroom .

4 、两个主语由and 连接时，谓语动词用复数。如：

例句1：An old man and a boy were here a moment ago.

例句2：My mother and I have seen the movie.

(注意：如果and 连接的两个名词是表示同意人或物时，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：

A worker and writer is coming to our school.)

5、表示时间、金钱、距离等名词的复数作主语时，通常把其看作一个整体，句中谓语动词

用单数形式。如：

例句 1：Seven days is a long time.

例句 2：Twenty dollars is enough.

6、由动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

例句 1：To learn English well is not easy.

例句 2：Smoking is not good for your health.