电阻应变式测力仪 切削力

传感器课程设计

题目: 应变式测力仪

指导教师:

班级: 机检

姓名:

摘要

随着切削加工向着高速、高精度、高度自动化方向发展，对切削过程的监控技术也提出了越来越高的要求，而各种自动化机械加工设备与制造系统绝大多数并不具备加工过程的监控功能。为了使这些高度自动化加工设备充分发挥其优良性能，确保加工质量，提高生产效率，对刀具加工过程进行状态监测与控制就越来越重要。大量的研究结果表明，切削状态的每个微小变化都能通过切削力的变化反映出来。检测切削力是目前国内外研究与应用最多的监测方法之一，但这些方法在使用时或多或少地要改变机床的原有部件，影响机床的系统特性，并且在机械加工过程中，车削测力仪的应用最为广泛。针对这些问题，需要设计出一种外型尺寸和使用状态都类似于普通外圆车刀的车削测力仪。

本文针对电阻应变式传感器对切削力的测量进行设计，应变式传感器具有灵敏度和精度高，性能稳定、可靠、尺寸小、重量轻、结构简单、使用方便、测量速度快等优点，且能在恶劣环境下工作，在力、压力和重要测试中有非常广泛的应用。

关键词：应变式测力仪；弹性元件；电阻应变；切削力

应变式测力仪

目录

一概述·····················································································································- 2 -二应变式测力仪的工作原理及组成·····································································- 2 -

2.1工作原理····································································································- 2 -

2.2传感器的组成····························································································- 3 -

2.2.1 敏感元件·······················································································- 3 -

2.2.2转换元件························································································- 3 -

2.2.3测量电路························································································- 3 -

2.2.4辅助电源························································································- 3 -三切削测力传感器的主要性能及要求·································································- 4 -

3.1金属切削测力仪主要性能指标的基本要求············································- 4 -

3.2弹性体的设计过程必须满足的要求························································- 4 -

3.3提高应力水平的应力集中原则································································- 5 -四应变式测力仪的结构设计·················································································- 6 -

4.1应变式测力仪的测量原理········································································- 6 -

4.2 弹性敏感元件的设计···············································································- 6 -

4.2.1剪切梁式测力传感器的工作原理················································- 6 -

4.2.2应变片的布局方位········································································- 7 -

4.3 应变片的选择···························································································- 8 -

4.3.1结构形式的选择············································································- 9 -

4.3.2尺寸的选择····················································································- 9 -

4.3.3 阻值的选择···················································································- 9 -

4.3.4使用温度的选择············································································- 9 -

4.4 电路的设计·······························································································- 9 -

4.5 元件清单·································································································- 11 -小结·························································································································- 11 -参考文献·················································································································- 12 -

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