英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 5)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语 句子成分讲解及练习
英语句子成分及结构句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
一.主语:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.He is a handsome boy.He works hard all day.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.He is writing a letter.I can do it.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
句子结构及成分讲解及练习
状语种类如下: 状语种类如下 a. How about meeting again at six?(时间状语) b. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语) c. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语) d. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) e. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状 语) f. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) g. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. (目的状语) h. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状 语) i. She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) j. I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
(3)实义动词与助动词be构成被动语态,共 同做谓语.当然还可以与其他的助动词一块儿 构成不同时态的被动语态. a. He was fired. (was 为助动词,与其后的实义 动词fired构成被动语态,共同做谓语) fired ) b. The work has been finished. (has been 为 助动词,与其后的实义动词finished构成现在 完成时的被动语态,共同做谓语)
d. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) e. We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) Don’t keep the lights burning. f. We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) Please make yourself at home. g. We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) h. I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
中考英语句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
4)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 注意:系动词不用于被动语态. 5)变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 6)终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意 例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
பைடு நூலகம்
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
(四)表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over.
2. They seem to know the truth.
3. Time is precious.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习seek; pursue; go/search/hanker after; crave; court; woo; go/run after英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame..主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we--saw--you.we--did--thework.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”.通常用名词或代词担任.如:I’mMissGreen.我是格林小姐2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做什么”.主要由动词担任.如:Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.杰克每天打扫房间3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”.通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.如:MynameisPingping.我的名字叫萍萍4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”.通常由名词或代词担任.如:Hecanspelltheword.他能拼这个词有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如:Hewrotemealetter.他给我写了一封信有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如:Hewrotealettertome.他给我写了一封信5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任.如:Shanghaiisabigcity.上海是个大城市6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任.如:Heworkshard.他工作努力7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如:Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.他们通常让教室保持清洁/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.他常常帮我做功课/ TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.老师要我自学法语8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如:WhereisyourclassmateTom你的同学汤姆在哪里1.主语subject:句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast名词Helikesdancing.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.动名词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语一指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语predicate:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.二.选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DouallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语predicative:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher.名词Youdon’tlook it.代词Fiveandfiveisten.数词Heisasleep.形容词Hisfatherisin.副词Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.形容词化的分词Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.表语从句常见连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”.常见的有:be是,look看起来,feel摸上去,seem似乎是,appear似乎、显得,prove证明是,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来等.例如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调“持续”.常见的有:remain依然,keep保持,stay保持,continue继续、仍旧,stand处于某状况或情形等.例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become变成,turn变成,grow变得,get变得等.例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.三挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first4.宾语:1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:IlikeChina.名词Hehatesyou.代词Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo.数词Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式Didyouwritedownwhathesaid宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney四挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.Weelectedhimmonitor.名词Weallthinkitapity thatshedidn’tcomehere.名词Wewillmakethemhappy.形容词Wefoundnobodyin.副词Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语Don’tlethim dothat.省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.带to不定式Don’tkeepthelights burning.现在分词I’llhavemybike repaired.过去分词扩展:主补:对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool ③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme6.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.Yanlingisachemistryteacher.名词Heisourfriend.代词Webelongtothethirdworld.数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.形容词Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.现在分词Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.不定式YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.定语从句六挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs7.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.以下例句按上述顺序排列Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.七挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm 八、同位语当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语.Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手.Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯.Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好. Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作.Youstillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学.同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包括:fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,ques tion.这类从句常常有that引导,有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引导.九插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.1.插入语常以副词副词短语、形容词形容词短语、介词短语、短语等形式出现.1常见的副词及短语:indeed,surely,however,obviously,frankly,naturally,luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等.九■Therebe句型拓展:Therebe+句词词组”中,there为虚词,be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语.该句式在使用时须注意如下几点:★Therebe句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“什么地方时候有……”.句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组,此外,其主语还可以带前置或后置定语.例如:1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenwaitingforyouatthegate.★在正式文体中,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况:1该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数;主语若为复数,be动词也用复数.2该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致.例如:1.Thereisroomforimprovement.2.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.3.Therewereonlytwopens,adictionaryandatextbookonthedesk.★“Therebe+主语+不定式”中,不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式,不过在口语中主动形式更为常见.例如:1.Thereisalettertotypetoday.2.Thereisnotimetolose.3.Therearemanythingstobedonenow.★Therebe句式中,be动词有各种变化形式.1be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等.例如:1.Therearealotofpeopleinthemeeting-room.2.Therewaslittleleft.3.Therehavebeenmanysuchtrafficaccidentsinthepastfewyears.4.Whenhegotthere,hefoundtherehadbeennoonewaitingforhimintheroom.5.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.6.Thereisgoingtobeastormtomorrowmorning.2Therebe句式中,be之前可以有情态动词.例如:1.Theremaybesomepeoplewhodon’tlikethefilm.2.Thereusedtobeatempleinthevillage.句子种类一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.1陈述句DeclarativeSentences:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快.Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味.Ihaven’tgotacamera.我没有相机.Theyhavenevermetbefore.他们以前从没见过面.疑问句InterrogativeSentences:提出问题.有以下四种:a.一般疑问句GeneralQuestions:Canyoufinishtheworkintime你能按时完成工作吗b.特殊疑问句WQuestions;HQuestionsWheredoyoulive 你住那儿Howdoyouknowthat 你怎么知道那件事c.选择疑问句AlternativeQuestions:Doyouwantteaorcoffee你是要茶还是要咖啡d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions:Heknowsher,doesn’the他不认识她,对不对=Doesheknowheryes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.3祈使句ImperativeSentences:提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sitdown,please.请坐.Don'tbenervous别紧张4感叹句ExclamatorySentences:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis多好的消息啊HowgoodthenewsisWhatbeautifulflowerstheyare多美丽的花啊HowbeautifultheflowersareHowlovelythechildis多可爱的小孩啊Whatalovelychildheiswhatacutechildheis二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1简单句SimpleSentences:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮.Weallstudyhard.我们都努力学习.Ilovesportsverymuch.我非常喜欢运动.Mummadeabeautifulskirtforme.妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.Weelectedhimourclasspresident.我们选了他做班长.Therearemorethan3000studentsinourschool.我们学校的学生超过3000名.2并列句CompoundSentences:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句. Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.Let’shurry,orwewillbelate.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.Hestudiedhard,andhepassedtheexam.他努力学习并通过了考试.Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.Hewassick,sotheywerequiet.他病了,所以他们很安静.3复合句ComplexSentences:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Doyouknowthemanwhoisinthecar你认识坐在汽车里的人吗Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话.Iknowit’sdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.我知道学好一门外语不容易.Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干. TheideathatIraqcouldbetakenwithinaweekortwowasanunderestimation.伊拉克可以在一两周内就可以拿下的这一想法是估计不足的想法.Togetintouniversity=Ifyouwanttogetintouniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexams.进入大学,你必须通过一系列的考试.元音和辅音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音.不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音.发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音.发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音.巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括.有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握1.音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中2.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列.3.下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意:ai和au不要写成Ai和Au,A:不要写成a:.在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:,也不要用g来代替G,把GE:l打成gE:l.4.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列元音音标学习元音概述:元音是有噪音的语音.形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声.英语里共有20个元音单元音12个,双元音8个.•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的.所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁.但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置:舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音;舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音.牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响.因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形.Lesson1元音i:i:学习i:发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeee:mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词.1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherd3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthei发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyay•i:pigfishinfifteensixshipthin•e:beginbehindjacketbasketball•y:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunny•lovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainy•ey:monkeymoney•ay:SundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词.•1.sofasitkicklip•2.inkgiftjamship•3.handpicturebigsister•4.hotlickpigjelly:发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词.1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则,找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderLesson2音标:u:u学习发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch根据发音规则,找出发:的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirlu:发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词.1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatchu发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolf•oo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词.1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname四.写出单词或音标.•bru:m d: sit b:d•fut wi: dg ′sist •lookdowatergood•toofootclockfirst •worksisterdoctorsea•五.将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来.•hot blu:•football huk •blue ki:shook futb:l kiss ht Lesson3音标a:Λe练习a:发这个音的字母和字母组合aarauear •a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarf au:laughauntear:heart•根据发音规则,圈出发a:的2个单词. 1.armlipdoctorcard•2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger•4.joblorryMarchparkΛ发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry•根据发音规则,找出每组中发Λ的单词.1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词.1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapplee发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词.1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy音标a:Λe练习•一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•a::Λ:•:e:____•二.选出下列没有相同发音的词.•1.cararmfoodgarden•2.truejumpbuscut•3.bagshortmapflag•4.eggpenheadsmall•5.gotclockbelldog•6.rabbitbookwoodfoot•7.ratbatappleten•8.gunstarduckmoneg•三.写出单词或音标.•pa:stru:mswetsit•f tgtcΛpsh:t•bagcarbusbreadstarhead•四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇•1.hatfastcooklast•2.jeepdoorsungum•3.dadcaphandmap•4.starcarcutfrom•5.skirtsheepbirdher•五.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________交通工具•hat________________动物•lake________________食品•nice_______________数字•hot_________________用品•well_______________用品Lesson4元音音标eiaiiau练习ai发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuy•i:kitebikenicetigerwriteknife•y:bycryflymyskytrywhy•ie:tiepie•uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发ai的2个单词.•1.ricegoodjamright•2.shipmineice-creammouse•3.cloudsittieeye•4.writesmalltenniskitei发这个音的字母和字母组合oioy•oi:oilboilcoin•oy:boytoy根据发音规则,找出每组中发i的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilkau发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowou:housemousemouthtrousersow:flowercowhownowdown•根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词. 1.mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby四.把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来•bowbau•gatepai•traygeit•pietrei•poisonpizn五.看图、填空、标号•h___t→s__n→e____s__r→•r__l____→c__k___→m____thLesson5元音音标uieu的练习u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowo:noserosepoenoveroa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的2个单词. 1.coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselampi发这个音的字母和字母组合eareerear:earhearteareer:deerbeer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发i的1个单词.1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethreee发这个音的字母和字母组合airearair:hairchairpairear:pearbearwear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词.1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethreeu发这个音的字母和字母组合oorourureoor:poorour:tourure:surepure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的1个单词.1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer辅音爆破音:ptkbdg摩擦音:fvszθe破擦音:trdrtsdzt∫t3鼻辅音:mnη舌侧音:1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音:擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音wj •3∫•hrLesson6辅音音标pbtd练习p发这个音的字母和字母组合pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词.1.shipphonesleeppear2.pickpenbigpineapple3.taxiparrotsheeppig4.pandaponypettruckb发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的2个单词.1.cabgiftbeachlove2.petgodtubbed3.weatherboybusmake4.rabbitreaddressbabyt发这个音的字母和字母组合tttt:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的1个单词.1.taxifatbagtoy2.hatticketteaduck3.pocketpacketcatraind发这个音的字母和字母组合dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的1个单词.1.bedclotheshand2.dogcoldfive3.danceduckgrape音标pbtd练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•p:b:t:d:_______二.选出下列没有相同发音的词•1.pearshipcoatpig•2.taxibeancabcabbage•3.hatseaticketwallet•4.seeddancehandfull•5.pickpensitpineapple•6.coldfinddoorchair•7.clothpurplepoolpush•8.eatfanquietset三.写出单词或音标.•p ndkΛtdi:pklaud•applepearrabbitread四.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词.•short→_____________衣物sea→_________________感官动词•pet→______________蔬菜ten→___________________动物Lesson7辅音音标kgsz学习g发这个音的字母和字母组合gggg:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflaggg:egg根据发音规则,圈出发g的单词.gasdrivegumgiveviolinbagjeansorangelogbridgeguesstankgradelonglanguages发这个音的字母和字母组合scssces:starsunsnakeseaseec:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebratess:grassglassclassbossce:faceracericenice根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发s的单词.1.whosejuicelickstudent2.thosecasescarfshoes3.spacenosesciencemeat4.tearspiecebusnoseLesson8辅音音标∫3t∫d3练习3发这个音的字母和字母组合ss:television,usually,Asiameasureagarage,anunusualcollision;agreatdecision;mypleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词.1.shellshipgaragedesk2.truckshirtpleasureship3.brushcasualsheepsleep4.heroshapeleisureshelft∫发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchch:teacherpeachcherrychairtch:watchmatch根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t∫的单词,并抄下来. chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatchLesson9音标fvθe的练习v发这个音的字母和字母组合vvev:videovasevestve:fiveloveviolin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打×violinmovevotewindowvanvolcanowhitewomanvictorywetwavevasee发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:fathermotherbrotherclothesweather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词. 1.thansisterbrotherthree2.weatherthanknightgood3.tielookteeththey4.thinfatherthroatwatchLesson10辅音音标tsdztrdr的练习dz发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdes:rides根据发音规则,找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上. coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgatestr发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr:treetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick根据发音规则,找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上. seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousersdr发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry根据发音规则,找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.dreamduckdressrain2.ratdraindrugdoor3.treetreasuredrawerdrink4.truckdragondishdrumLesson11辅音音标hrlm的练习r发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrr:riceroomrideroadroserr:mirrorcarrotparrotwr:writewrongwrap根据发音规则,选出发r的单词,打√.1.breaddriverwrongrainworker2.riverfatherrobotropesister3.writefruitrabbitcrowndruml发这个音的字母和字母组合lll•l:looklightlockluckyliontail•ll:ballpulldollartell根据发音规则,选出每组中不发l的单词.•mpnailflagwoman•2.yellowfruitlionlychee•3.grapebulllaughlake•4.dumplingmoonwheelwhaleLesson12音标nηwj的练习n发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnn:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownkn:kneeknifeknockgn:sign根据发音规则,找出发n的单词并抄下来.1.mirrorwheelyesknock2.mallhenlaughnut3.earringsplanewingbreadη发这个音的字母和字母组合nngn:inkbanktankfingerng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发η的单词. 1.netringfingermeat2.tennismouthsongswing3.dumplingwingrunnail4.hangswiminknotew发这个音的字母和字母组合w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwouldwh:whitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发w音的1个单词.1.woodwritewheelwhich2.wheatsnowwetwoman3.whitewindownowwhy4.whalewaterwatchrowj发这个音的字母和字母组合yy:yo-yoyogurtyardyesyouyour根据发音规则,找出发j的单词写在下面横线上. cryyouyourskyyellowlorry moneyjellytoyboyyogurtsoy。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习18028
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1。
主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing。
(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing。
(动名词)To see is to believe。
(不定式) What he needs is a book。
(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree。
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom。
② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult。
2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall。
A。
don't B。
like C. picture D。
wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A。
get B。
longer C。
days D。
(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.()()
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?()
考点10.Theyleftlast week.()
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及试
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及试————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词短语等She always keeps the houseclean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语+不及物动词She came..❖主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.❖主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.❖主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.❖主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名/代--动词--名/代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
英语句子成分句子结构讲解及练习含答案
英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解及练习1主语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. 〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态与特征。
He is a teacher. 〔名词〕Seventy-four! You don’t look it.〔代词〕Five and five is ten. 〔数词〕He is asleep. 〔形容词〕His father is in. 〔副词〕The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.〔形容词化的分词〕To wear a flower is to say “I’mpoor, I can’t buy a ring. 〔不定式〕The question is whether they willcome. 〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词有: be, sound〔听起来〕, look〔看起来〕, feel(摸起来,smell〔闻起来〕, taste〔尝、吃起来〕, remain第1 页〔保持,仍是〕, feel〔感觉〕 ...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语:1〕动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. 〔名词〕He hates you. 〔代词〕How many do you need We need two. 〔数词〕We should help the old and thepoor.I enjoy working with you. 〔动名词〕I hope to see you again. 〔不定式〕Did you write down what he said〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词与动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are manyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕与直宾〔指物〕He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(表示主语的身份--性质)He is ill. 他病了。
(表示主语的状态)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时,open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时,open是及物动词。
)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同。
如:The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,但词义不同。
如:The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词,“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词,“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。
【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析
【英语】初中英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1.Which structure is right?A.Your father is ill in bed.(S+V)B.Your friend fell down.(S+V+O)C.Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC)D.He seems ill.(S+V+P)【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:哪个结构是正确的?A is是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V 表示主谓,B fell是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式,S+V+P表示主系表,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法。
2.—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes,and her voice sounded________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。
sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。
sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
3.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。
A是主谓结构;B 是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补。
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.三、表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.四、宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词She came..主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.主语+系动词+主语补语She is happy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.( There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。
如:He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) /He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。
常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。
例如: The story sounds true.Those oranges taste good star.2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。
这类连系动词强调“持续”。
常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。
例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。
这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等。
例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)扩展:主补:对主语的补充。