研究生英语翻译第一册
最新研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS核心员工的特征What exactly is a key play?核心员工究竟是什么样子的?A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said.在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“Key players are essential to my organization.“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just:当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
研究生英语翻译第一册重点整理
第一课1. metaphors of highway and frontiers 高速公路和前沿领域的比喻2. 无边无际的虚拟空间 giant and unbounded world of virtual realestate3. capture the popular imagination 使民众为之神往4.规范网页和网站 regulate the website and the webpage5.interprete the nature of cyberspace 说明虚拟空间的本质6. 政客们实施的标准 standers enforced by politicians7. sign up for subscription 注册使用8. 限制孩子光临某些网站 restrict childrends’ access to somewebsite9.cause conflict in the terrestrial communities 在现实的社区中引起冲突10.干涉别人的爱好 interfer with anyone else’ hobby1.In their withdrawal, much of the heavy equipment had to be left behind.在撤退时,他们不得不把许多重型装备丢弃。
2.The last government has left behind a long train of problems.上届政府遗留下一大堆问题。
3.You have to follow closely if you want to avoid being left behind. 你如果不想落在后面,就得紧紧跟随。
4. I’ll leave behind these little details for you to settle.这些细枝末节我留待你去解决了。
新视角研究生英语第一册课后翻译(完整版)
新视角研究生英语第一册课后翻译(完整版)Unit 11.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。
The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business.2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力,集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。
His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist.3.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。
这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。
We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.4.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。
Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。
No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy.6.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。
研究生一年级英语课本翻译
Unit 11.The impact of saying good-bye and actually leaving did not hit me until the day of my departure.1.直到动身的那一天,我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响。
2.Its strength woke me an hour before my alarm clock would.2. 这是我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
3.The entire day was like that: a powerful awakening of whom and what I would truly miss.3.一整天都是这样:我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
4. Most importantly, I would be forced to say farewell to the ones who raised me.4.最重要的是,我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
5. All at once, the glorious hype about becoming independent and free became my sole, scary reality.5.突然间,我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的事实。
6. I suppose that goes with the territory of enrolling in a university six hours from home.6.我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家又六小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
7.Upon my decision to do so, in fact, all my personal problems had seemed to fade.7.事实上,在我决定离家的时候,我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了。
8.No one ever said divorce was easy.8.谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit1
Unit1 从能力到责任[全文翻译]1 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
2 最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?3毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?4核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
5 类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近,我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
研究生英语1课文及课后翻译
(第一册)一、A Working Community1、I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It doesn’t say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work. 我有一个朋友,她属于这个社区医务人员。
虽然因在他信签上的地址还是他的家庭地址,她的社区身份却是来自她所从事的社区工作。
2、I have another friend who is a member of the computer community.This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.我另外一个朋友是电脑社区成员。
尽管这个行业是我们经济中的一个新部门,他还是在其中找到了属于自己的天地。
3、Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community.其他朋友或熟人有学术社区的,有商业社区的,也有新闻社区的。
4、Though you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.虽然你在任何一个地图上都找不到这些社区,但是我们却明确知道自己属于哪个社区。
5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是,我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区,也不是后来我们搬了进来。
研究生英语应用教程翻译(第一册)
UNIT 1A. 十八世纪以来,交通和道路条件有所改善,使得住在农村的人可以到附近的城镇去,进行多种娱乐活动。
一些观赏型活动随着十九世纪的工业化进程兴盛起来。
剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来,越来越多的人可以参与其中。
铁路网逐步形成,公交公司也开始出现,于是,价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游初具雏形,并最终发展成英国现在的团队游和包价游。
二十世纪,收音机、电影、电视相继问世,一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。
在所有这些变革中,参与型、观赏型、家庭型娱乐活动不断融合。
B. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵而独特的形象,同高雅文化联系在一起,而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。
大众流行文化的发展扩大了潜在观众群,使他们参与到更丰富的文化活动中。
更多人有机会接触更为广义的艺术。
流行音乐会、民间音乐、民族音乐以及青年文化消遣活动占据了年轻人很大一部分空闲时间,同时也促进了贸易和出口,并提升了英国的国内国际形象。
这些活动可能是业余的,也可能是专业的,它们进一步促进了参与型、观赏型和家庭型娱乐活动的融合。
C. 随着大多数人享有越来越多的空闲以及有了更多的收入,假期以及去哪度假成为了英国人生活中很重要的一部分。
许多人更愿意利用英国和欧洲大陆之间便利的海上和空中交通,自己安排假期。
英国本身假期的形式就多种多样,既有传统的海边家庭旅馆“住宿加早餐”,也可以入住宾馆,在房车停车场过夜或利用帐篷野营等等。
越来越多的家庭拥有汽车,进一步扩大了旅游的可能性。
今天,超过五分之三的家庭拥有至少一辆车,百分之十六的家庭拥有两辆或更多汽车。
EXERCISESI. 1. 最高限价被取消了。
2. 做这件事与其说是为了钱,倒不如说是为了荣誉。
3. 我最多只能付200美元。
4. 人的大脑越用越灵。
5. 他是最不应该受到谴责的人。
6. 他华丽宏伟的风格使得该书成为杰作。
7. 每个人都对他所属的社会负有责任,并通过社会对人类负责任。
8. 任何事情,只要他一出现就意味着能够成功。
研究生英语研一上课文翻译
U1A教育界的科技革命若是让生活在1900年的人来到咱们那个时期,他会识别出咱们当前课堂里发生的许多情形——那盛行的讲座、对操练的强调、从基础读本到每周的拼写测试在内的教学材料和教学活动。
可能除教堂之外,很少有机构像主管下一代正规教育的学校那样缺乏转变了。
让咱们把上述一贯性与校园外小孩们的经历作一番比较吧。
在现代社会,小孩们有机遇接触普遍的媒体,而在早些年代这些媒体简直确实是奇迹。
来自过去的参观者一眼就能够识别出此刻的课堂,但很难适应现今一个10岁小孩的校外世界。
学校——若是不是一样意义上的教育界——天生是保守的机构。
我会在专门大程度上为这种保守的趋势辩护。
但转变在咱们的世界中是如此迅速而明确,学校不可能维持现状或仅仅做一些表面的改善而生存下去。
的确,若是学校不迅速、完全地变革,就有可能被其他较灵活的机构取代。
运算机的变革力现今时期最重要的科技事件要数运算机的崛起。
运算机已渗透到咱们生活的诸多方面,从交通、电讯到娱乐等等。
许多学校固然不能漠视这种趋势,于是也配备了运算机和网络。
在某种程度上,这些科技辅助设施已被吸纳到校园生活中,尽管他们往往只是用一种更方便、更有效的模式教授旧课程。
但是,以后将以运算机为基础组织教学。
运算机将在必然程度上许诺针对个人的讲课,这种讲课形式以往只向有钱人提供。
所有的学生都会取得符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方式和进度的课程设置,和对先前所学材料、课程的成绩记录。
毫不夸张地说,运算机科技可将世界上所有的信息置于人们的指尖。
这既是幸事又是灾难。
咱们再也不必花费很长时刻查找某个出处或某个人——此刻,信息的传递是瞬时的。
不久,咱们乃至不必键入指令,只需高声提出问题,运算机就会打印或说出答案,如此,人们就可实现即时的 "文化脱盲"。
美中不足的是,因特网没有质量操纵手腕; "任何人都能够拨弄"。
信息和虚假信息往往混杂在一路,此刻尚未将网上十分普遍的被歪曲的事实和一派胡言与真实含义区分开来的靠得住手腕。
研究生英语一册课后翻译
1、爸爸把双手放在小汤姆的肩上以示鼓励Dad put his hands on little Tom’s shoulders to show his support.2、你还太年轻无法明辨是非。
You are too young to distinguish right or wrong.3、他的邻居得知她家的困难后,都主动对她伸出援助之手。
After her neighbors learnt about her family difficulties,they offered her a helping hand.4、除非他们被迫离开,否则他们不走。
Unless (they are)compelled,they will not go.5、他们精彩的演讲博得了满堂彩。
His remarkable speech brought down the house.6、他是个败家子,老给家里惹麻烦。
He is a black sheep,always bringing trouble to his family.7、这个国家是保持一个整体,还是陷入内战导致分裂,还要拭目以待。
It remains to be seen whether the country stays in one piece or is driven to civil war and partition.8、限制沟通是鼠目寸光的表现。
Ristricting communication is a symptom of short-sighted thinking.9、采用这种新装置可以大大的提高效率。
The adoption of this new device will greatly improve the efficiency.10、他并不满足与他现有的成就。
He is not content with his present achievements.11、我们不应该利用别人的无知。
大学研究生英文系列教程综合英语上册课文原文及翻译
大学研究生英文系列教程综合英语上册课文原文及翻译课文一:HelloHello, everyone! Today, I'm going to introduce myself. My name is Sarah Smith. I am from London, England. I am 25 years old. I am a graduate student majoring in English literature. I am very interested in reading books and writing poems. In my free time, I enjoy playing the piano and traveling to different countries. I am looking forward to getting to know all of you and studying together.你好,大家!今天我要介绍一下我自己。
我的名字是Sarah Smith。
我来自英国伦敦。
我今年25岁。
我是一名英语文学专业的研究生。
我对阅读书籍和写诗非常感兴趣。
在空闲时间,我喜欢弹钢琴和去不同的国家旅行。
我期待着与大家相互认识和一起研究。
课文二:My Hobbies我叫Mark Johnson。
我是一名计算机科学专业的研究生。
除了学术研究,我有很多爱好。
其中一个爱好是打篮球。
我参加了大学篮球队,我们经常与其他大学进行比赛。
我还有一个爱好是弹吉他。
我已经弹吉他五年了。
我觉得这个爱好非常放松和享受。
另外,我也对摄影很感兴趣。
我喜欢用相机捕捉美丽的瞬间。
这些爱好让我忙碌起来,帮助我缓解学业压力。
课文三:My FamilyHello, everyone! Let me tell you about my family. I have a small family. There are four members in my family. My parents, my younger brother, and me. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. They are both very loving and caring. My younger brother is in high school and he is very smart. We all live together in a small house. We always support and help each other. I am very grateful to have such a loving family.大家好!让我告诉你们关于我的家庭。
研究生英语系列教材上unit1 原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS核心员工的特征What exactly is a key play?核心员工究竟是什么样子的?A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。
“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said.在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“Key players are essential to my organization.“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just:当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
新视野研究生英语1 课文翻译及课后翻译
(第一册)一、A Working Community5、None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather than by street.值得一提的是,我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区,也不是后来我们搬了进来。
这些身份是我们随身携带的,没有人可以拿出文件证明我们是这个或那个群体的会员卡持有者。
然而,不知不觉中人们的身份更倾向于各自所从事的工作,而不是像以往一样由家庭住址来界定。
6、In the past, most Americans live in neighborhoods. We were members of precincts or parishes or school districts. My dictionary still defines communtiy, first of all in geographic terms, as ―a body of people who live in one place.‖过去大多数彼邻而居的美国人彼此是同一个街区、教区、校区的成员。
今天的词典依然首先从地理的角度来定义社区,称之为“一个由居住在同一地方的人组成的群体”。
7、But today fewer of us do our living in that one place; more of us just use it for sleeping. Now we call our towns ―bedroom suburbs,‖ and many of us, without small children as icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the people on our street.然而,如今的情况是居住和工作都在同一个地方的人极少,对更多的人来说家成了一个仅仅用来睡觉的地方。
研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译
研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译研究生综合英语(上)课文翻译1 ”。
西东的找寻所上身工员的好最们他在主雇有所是?合组能技套一是险风冒敢样这像。
险风冒来义意的有具所业企的你对案答该为认你据根后然?案答上迷会你终最但?程过解了要需你?里业企在。
程过于迷沉往往们家学科此因。
的义定来时同者两身本案答和程过的案答寻找由是常常学科的大伟?说步一进更。
究研的谨严而真认靠依是实其功成的上术学为因?应适不到感家学科多许让就这。
的上务财和的上织组?的人个——险风和素因定确不受接能是就那?质特个一样这有常通功成业商“。
法说一这同赞特豪9 。
道写中述描业职在户客位一”?论结出做险风着冒并素因定确不纳接能须必她或他。
力能的策决出做就息信的整完不、确准不凭仅出现表要需者职求名一“。
险风受承能工员求要业企度忍容险风?3征特8 ”。
作工的门部理管是仅仅不而?作运的门部各司公全要需这。
求要了出提都们人的事行法想的己自按气勇有并?捷敏维思些那对也?们人的速快动行些那对仅不?样这。
里哪是’地的目‘定决何如道知得还且而?来起动调都能功的转运速快司公持支能有所把要仅不你?说是就这。
’地的目‘达到地快更要是就一之法方的胜取司公“?说特豪”?行进在样同也争竞?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一着味意那?行进在终始意生?时小42天一?天7周一?天563年一“7 。
人的感迫紧视重个一是就他。
元美多亿42达高收税的缴上年每门部个这?作工发开业商和略策责负门部个一司公M3在他。
位职的理管级高到做直一并?业企了向转他前年多许。
家学科名一是前之他。
人稿撰的稿写繁频坛论站网给位一是特豪-唐感迫紧?2征特6 。
质品个这的你及谈们人的话电查调听接会些那让证保要还——人的作合动发并励鼓个一?誉声好良个一养培?间之们人的作合室验实们你和在及以?部内室验实你在要?是的利有为更。
”者作合“成变转”户干单“ 从法看的你对司公使能?”我“是不而?”们我“词代用使地明开时绩业述描在你上加?法方个这。
新发展研究生英语1课文翻译
新发展研究生英语1课文翻译Unit 1 Human Reflections婚姻为什么会失败安妮·洛芙安妮·洛芙是美国女权主义作家,因《主妇狂想曲》、《恩慈》等小说而著名。
她的作品探讨了追求家庭生活与追求事业和自主之间的冲突,因此很值得一读。
1如今有太多的婚姻以离婚而告终,我们最神圣的誓言不再鸣发出真理的回响。
“幸福美满”、“至死不渝”这类表达方式似乎越来越不合时宜了。
为什么夫妻之间变得如此难以相处呢?究竟什么地方出了差错?我们怎么了以至于几乎一半的夫妇注定要走向离婚法庭?我们怎么创造了这样一个社会,竟有42%的儿童要生活在单亲家庭中?如果统计学能够衡量孤独、后悔、痛苦、自信心的丧失及对未来的恐惧的话,那么这样的统计数字恐怕将难以计算。
2虽然每个破裂的家庭都有其独特的情况,但我们仍然可以发现其共同的危险:即人们对婚姻感到绝望的共同原因。
每个婚姻都有危机点,每个婚姻都是对耐久力,即对夫妻间亲密及变化的承受能力的考验。
外界的压力如失业、疾病、不孕、孩子的问题、照料年迈的父母以及生活中的其它麻烦都冲击着婚姻,就像飓风猛烈袭击海岸一样。
有些婚姻在这些暴风雨中得以生存,而有些却经不住这些风浪。
但是,婚姻失败不纯粹是因为外界天气的影响,更是因为内部气候变得太冷或太热、太动荡不安或太冷淡麻木。
3当我们着眼于我们如何选择伴侣以及在温柔的爱情初期有何期望的时候,某些婚姻失败的原因就变得相当清晰了。
我们都无意识却又准确地选择一个伴侣,他(她)们会和我们共同创建我们第一个家的感情模式。
威斯康星大学婚姻问题专家及精神病学荣誉教授卡尔·A·威特克博士解释说:“从童年的早期开始,我们每一个人都会具备婚姻、女性的温柔、男子汉气概、为父之道、为母之道以及家庭其他成员角色的模式。
”我们每个人都会爱上具有自己父母品质的人,来帮助我们重新发现过去生活中的喜怒哀乐。
我们或许以为我们找到的人并不像父亲,但是之后我们发现他开始酗酒或吸毒,或者一次又一次地失去工作或默默地坐在电视机前,同父亲如出一辙;一个男人可能选择的女人就像他的母亲一样也不喜欢小孩子或者像母亲一样因为赌博把家里的积蓄输得精光。
研究生英语text1翻译
翻译最近,我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
她将与给她布置论文撰写任务的Dr.Z一起完成该项目。
Dr.Z已经设计好研究工具,并收集数据,整理了实验结果。
该学生只需做做文献检索,然后撰写初稿。
这样,在论文最终出版的时候,她就可以成为第一作者。
然而,当该项目受到越来越多非议时,Dr.Z震惊之余无辜地说,“我以为我是在帮她,而我也确实讨厌写作”。
Dr.Z或许有一点天真。
当然,大多数研究人员都知道,该学生所做的工作并不称第一作者这个头衔。
他们知道,这种“赠予”原创作者头衔的做法,并不是可以接受的科研行为。
然而,早期的工作经验使我们产生疑问。
若干年前,在高等教育改革(FIPSE)基金的援助下,一个由哲学家和科学家组成的团队在达特茅斯学院,为全体教员举办以“科学研究中的伦理问题”为主题的系列讲座。
在其中一次研讨会上,一个资深研究员(让我们叫他R教授)与Dr.Z持有相似的观点。
在这个案例中,R教授明知道把原创作者身份“赠予”没有研究贡献的人是不符合学术道德规范的。
然而,他却有理由给他的学生一个作者身份。
因为这个学生已经在他所建议的项目上花费了几年的功夫,然而却没能发表任何研究结果。
他认为他有责任帮助这名学生发表论文。
于是R教授给了该学生一些他自己收集的数据,让其撰写一篇论文。
R教授说这名学生一直努力的做项目,尽管不是同一项目,而且该生还负责论文写作,所以他认为原创作者头衔并不算“赠予”。
这两个故事都强调了推动开设科研伦理课程的重要性,即:并非好的意愿就能引导人们做出正确的道德选择。
上述两个情节中的教师本意是好的。
这两个案例中的教师认为他们所做的事情在道德层面上是可以接受的。
在第一个案例中,Dr.Z的解释之所以站不住脚是因为他没有意识到这一领域的公约。
而他似乎也遗忘了第一作者的概念。
在第二个案例中,R教授自认为他所做的事情都是对他学生最有益的,然而却没有考虑道德是一个公共体系,他对这一名学生的做法却对科学研究产生了公共影响。
研究生英语教材—第一册 课文翻译及翻译练习参考
《研究生英语阅读教程》上册课文翻译及翻译练习答案Unit OneWestern Legal SystemPassage AThe Law and the PoorⅤ. Translation1. By this measure, emerging Asia's middle class remains relatively small.2. I would take issue with you on your statement that we know all the facts about this matter.3. Far from admitting his own mistake, he falsely accused his critic.4. Despite some failures, our firm has had quite a good year on balance.5. You could call in the twelve guys who had access to the report.6. Lawyers are less than 1% of American adults, but they are well-represented in government. Both the president and the vice-president trained as lawyers. So did 55% of senators and 100% of Supreme Court justices. There are advantages to having a bit of legal expertise among those who write and execute the nation’s laws, or assess their constitutionality. But there is also a potential conflict of interest.课文翻译法律与穷人印度内阁于12月通过了一项名为―食品权利‖的议案,一旦通过,该法案将赋予印度三分之二的人口获得廉价食品的权利。
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班级:自研1303班学号:1049721303699 姓名:郭心悦Unit 11.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘,而且能引起广泛关注,激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service messages are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量,他们是否精于知识的运用,是否接受了扎实的基础教育,是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The final outcomes of university education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间,让我们沉思找到灵感,以助我们更好地旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.4.在知识之旅上,你们不是独行者。
我们有出色的师资和员工。
他们致力于求知和理解,将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
It is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities. You’ll not be expected to undertake thisintellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5.人们的生活离不开自然,这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。
然而,人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造。
People cannot live without nature: this is the first principle of the conservationists. But people cannot live in nature without changing it.6.世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争,对教育提出了强有力的挑战。
The soaring development of science and technology worldwide, as well as fierce competition in economic and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.7.由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用,包装行业目前受到了从未有过的严格监督。
The packing industry now suffer from scrutiny as never before, because EU has see tough targets to reduce landfilling and increase recycling.8.中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距,因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推行可持续发展战略。
There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology, so it must depend on science,technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.Unit 3有人说这个世界是男人的天下,然而,根据市场调查公司NPD的研究,大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的。
人们早就知道,家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主,但这次对美国5.1万个家庭所做的调查却表明,其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。
根据调查结果,在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候,男人也会听从女人的意见。
此外,调查数据还表明,由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。
实际上,男人只在选购个人电子产品、买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些发言权。
主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说,购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、传媒业及培训行业来说意义重大。
他说:“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化。
”Someone says it’s the man’s world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. As is known to people long ago, women decide most of the clothes for the family and home furnishings, but this study of 51000 American families showed that surprising faces of other purchasing decisions broken down by gender.When men facing choosing movies, restaurants and television shows,they usually turn to women for advice,according to the survey.What’s more,the data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests will be invited to come to the family home. In fact, men can only have words on which electronics and family car to purchase and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen,who presided over the survey.Cohen said:”Anyone who managing a band, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency must pay close attention to the changes in consumer dynamics.”Unit 51.我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。
I can’t agree with any characters in this film.2.数月来他经历挫折而不断努力,终于有了收获。
After months of frustration, his perseverance was finally rewarded.3.她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚。
She made her meaning crystal clear.4.像大多数的夫妻一样,他俩的婚姻波折迭起,但生活就是这样。
Like most married couples they’ve had their ups and downs, but life is like this.5.经过寒冷的冬天,大家都渴望天气有所好转。
Everyone is yearning for a better change of weather, after sucha cold winter.6.这个广告是针对儿童设计的。
This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.7.这种骚乱仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已。
This riot is only one manifestation of people’s discontent.8.原始人用尖石头块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。
Primitive man use sharp stones and animal bones to make primitive tools for himself.Unit 7Historically, Jeep’s reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.在历史上,吉普车以能在任何地方行驶闻名于世,这种美名的由来可以追溯到二战时期,当时,由威利斯公司提供的原始的吉普车能载着盟军部队,在太平洋沿岸和欧洲战场自由行驶。
The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Army’s decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep” from the pronunciation of the letters GP, and became a trademark owned by the Willys company.《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书记载,“吉普”这个名字源于美军决定把这种车叫做GP(General Purpose)即多功能汽车。