电子信息类专业英语 李白萍编 第二版译文
第17章电子信息类专业英语(李白萍)
Unit Seventeen Others (Ⅱ)
On the other hand, in Europe, which consists of many small or medium countries, microwave systems in the network seems to be slightly less important. In many developing countries, microwave radio-relay systems play the key role in the network. It is quite logical because the microwave system has the following features: the initial investment required for the construction of transmission routes is low; the construction can be completed within a relatively short period; it is suitable for television transmission.
Unit Seventeen Others (Ⅱ)
Radio communication operating at medium or high frequencies was first applied to the fieldtime mobile and intercontinental communication, where its superiority was evident. It was only after the advent of microwave communication technology that it became possible for radio technology to be applied in full scale in the field where cable transmission had been dominant. Thus, the microwave radio-relay system using analogue modulation grew into a very important transmission medium in the overall telecommunications networks in many countries. Recently, a rapid advance in semiconductor and pulse circuit technologies gave impetus to the research and development of digital radio-relay systems.[2] There is now a marked trend that the telecommunication network is moving gradually towards digital systems.
Unit 19_The General System_通用系统_译文
电子信息类专业英语（第二版李白萍）Unit 19 Passage A The General System 译文19、光纤通信Passage A 通用系统通信杯广泛地定义为信息从一个点至另外一个点的传输。
当信息进行长距离传输时，通常需要一个通信系统。
在一个通信系统中信息的传输可以通过将信息叠加或者调制到作为信息信号的载体的电磁波上。
调制载波再传输到需要的接收端，并通过解调获得原始信号。
····然而，“通信”可以通过使用从光波范围内的频率选择的载频实现。
光纤通信系统与其他任何一类通信系统在基本概念上是相似的。
图19.1（a）是一个通用通信系统的方框图解，其功能是将信号从信息源节点通过传输媒介传递至目的地。
因此，通信系统包括与信息源相连接的发射器或调制解调器，传输媒介，以及终端的一个接收器或者解调器。
在电通信系统中，信息源提供由非电的信息信号转化而来（声音信号）的电信号，给包含电以及电子元件的发射器，发射器将信号转化为适合通过传输媒介传输的合适的形式。
这个过程通常是通过调制载波实现的。
正如上述所说，可能是电磁波。
传输介质可以是一对导线，同轴电缆或者是通过自由空间的无线电，经过传输媒介信号被传递至接收者，信号在传递到终端之前会被转化为原始的电信息信号。
然而，值得注意的是，信号在任何介质中都会衰减或遭到损失，并且会受到通信过程中随机信号以及噪声的损害，并且可能会受到传输媒介自身的机制带来的失真。
因此，在任何通信系统中在发射器以及接收器之间都有一个最大允许距离，超过这个距离，通信系统将会中断通信。
由于上述因素，对于长距离应用，需要（要求）按照一定的间隔安装中继器或者是线路放大器，这样不仅能够消除信号的失真并且能够增加信号电平，以使得沿着链路能够继续传输下去。
相较于图19.1（b）中所给定的图，图19.1（a）中给定的关于光纤通信系统的图可能考虑的更为详细。
在图中，信息源为发射器提供电信号，发射器包含一个电子平台以驱动光源调制光仔波。
电子信息专业英语(第二版)(李白萍)章 (16)
Unit 16 3rd Generation Mobile Communications · Outstanding Spectrum Efficiency increases
capacity. As already stated, with asymmetric traffic applications, TD-SCDMA utilizes the available spectrum more efficiently than other 3G standards since it employs only one band for both uplink and downlink traffic (TDD unpaired band) instead of two separate bands for uplink and downlink (FDD paired bands).［4］ Moreover, highly effective technologies like smart antennas, joint detection and dynamic channel allocation -which are integral features of the TDSCDMA radio standard-contribute to minimize intra-cell interference (typical of every CDMA technology) and inter-cell interference leading to an outstanding spectrum efficiency (3-5 times GSM). This is especially helpful in densely populated urban areas, which are
电子信息类专业英语第五单元译文 李白萍主编
电子信息类专业英语（第二版）李白萍主编第五单元译文第五单元A compact disc (CD) is a laser-read (also termed “optically read”) data storage device on which audio, video, or textual material can be stored. Although it has been used primarily to record stereophonic sound and has supplanted the long-playing PHONOGRAPH record as the principal medium for music storage, it offers a huge potential as the medium for the storage of massive amounts of many types of information.[1]一个光盘（CD）是在其上的音频，视频或文本材料可被存储在激光读取（也称为“光学读取”）数据存储设备。
虽然它被主要用来记录立体声声音，并已经取代了留声机成为了主要的音乐存储媒体，但它作为能存储大量多种信息的媒体仍具有巨大的潜力。
Unlike the conventional phonograph record, the CD stores information in digital form. Stereophonic (two-channel) sound signals are digitally sampled at a rate of 44,100 times per second per channel. Each sample is expressed as a binary number value consisting of 16 binary digits, or bits. The sampled digital values, along with error correction data, tracking codes, and cueing data, are recorded on a digital tape, which is used to make compression-molded plastic discs 12 cm (4.72in) in diameter, each covered by a thin, reflective metallic layer and protected by a clear plastic coating.[2] During playback, a low-powered laser beam reads the digital data through the reflective rear surface of the disk.[1]与传统的照片记录不同，光盘以数字形式存储的信息。
电子信息类专业英语 李白萍编 第二版译文
第19章B 光纤通信的优点利用一根玻璃光纤引导的光载波通信有许多突出的优点，其中的一些优点在最初构思这种技术时就已经显而易见了。
然而，当今的技术发展已经超越了当初最乐观的预测，产生了另外一些优势。
因此，有必要考虑光纤通信与许多传统电子通信相比带来的优点和专业特色。
本文先介绍最初预想的优点，接着介绍随着科技发展而出现的另外的突出优点。
a）巨大的潜在带宽：频率为1013到1016 Hz（通常接近大约1014Hz红外线的频率）的光载波产生比金属电缆系统（如同轴电缆的带宽最高为500MHz）甚至毫米波无线电系统（例如系统当前工作在700MHz调制带宽）大得多的潜在传输带宽。
目前，光纤系统可以用带宽并没有被完全利用，但是，不需要中继器而传输100Km的几Ghz的调制和传输300km的几百Mhz的调制是可能的。
光纤系统的信息携带能力远优于最好的铜电缆系统。
比较而言，宽带同轴电缆系统在100Mhz以上带宽内的损耗将传输距离限制在只有几千米的范围内。
虽然可以利用的光纤带宽可以被进一步扩展到光载波频率，但是很明显这一参数（可用带宽）被单个光载波信号所限制。
因此，通过在同一个光纤中并行传输几个工作在不同的中心波长的光信号可以实现带宽利用率的很大提高。
利用波分复用技术，尤其是密集波复用（或者说，实质上的频分复用）使得光纤的信息载容量超过电缆或者宽带无线系统好多个数量级。
b）小尺寸和轻重量：光纤的直径非常小，通常比头发丝的直径还要细。
因此，就算这些光纤被涂覆层包裹时，它们都要比铜电缆直径更小并且重量更轻。
这对于缓解城市的管道拥挤而言占有很大的优势，并且允许在移动体（如飞机、卫星甚至船舶）内进行信号传输。
c）电绝缘：由玻璃或者塑料聚合物制造的光纤是电绝缘体，因此与其他对应的金属物不同，它们不存在接地循环与接口问题。
而且，该优点使得光纤十分适宜于在对电子比较敏感的危险环境中的通信，因为光纤在受侵蚀或者短路的情况下不会产生电弧或者电火花的危险。
第4章电电子信息类专业英语(第二版)_李白萍
Unit Nine Microelectronics
Passage A Introduction to Microelectronics Passage B The Simple Atom, Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors Passage C Diode and Transistor
Unit Nine Microelectronics
FET (Field effect transistors)场效应管 impedance 阻抗 dissipation 损耗 extractive 抽出; 释放出 fabrication 制造, 装配; 捏造事实 bias 偏差; 偏置 capacitor 电容 inductive 电感 dispense 分配 lumped element 集总元件 transistor 晶体管
Unit Nine Microelectronics
Most electronic circuits are composed of active devices, e.g. transistors and diodes, together with resistors (for bias, collector load, impedance transformation, etc.) and capacitors (e.g. for coupling ac signals while blocking dc supplies). Each of these elements can be produced in a form suitable for integrated circuit inclusion within limitations, e.g. capacitance values must not be too large. Some elements are difficult to produce in a suitable form, e.g. inductive elements, or large capacitors. Usually some alternative circuit form can be devised that dispenses with the requirement. Otherwise they must be included as an external lumped element.
第12章电子信息类专业英语(李白萍)
Unit Twelve DataBase
Unit Twelve DataBase
How does a database help to solve the data dependency problem? Since the responsibility for accessing the physical data rests with the database management system, the programmer can ignore the physical data structure.[1] As a result, programs tend to be much less dependent upon their data, and are generally much easier to maintain. Expect the trend toward database management to continue.
Unit Twelve DataBase
Why is this a problem? For one thing, different application often need the same data elements. For example, schools generate both bills and student grade reports. View the applications independently. The billing program reads a file of billing data, and the grade report program reads an independent file of grade data. The output of both programs are mailed to each other student’s home; thus, student names and addresses must be redundantly recorded on both files. What happens when a student moves? Unless both files are updated, one will be wrong. Redundant data are difficult to maintBase
电子信息类专业英语第二版 李白萍主编十七单元译文
电子信息类专业英语第二版李白萍主编第十七单元B译文Passage B Compression/Decompression Techniques压缩/解压缩技术Numerous methods have been developed for the compression of digital image data. One of the principal drivers for this development is the television industry where quality image data must be transferred to receivers using relatively simple equipment. The development of high definition television is further focusing the attention of industry and university scientists toward problems of data reduction and digital transmission. The principal evaluation criteria for the analysis of compressed versus uncompressed imagery is whether a person can tell the difference between the images. A more implemental measure is the Root Mean Square (RMS) error between the original image and the image that has been compressed. Compression rates may be generated by determining the size of the compressed image in terms of number of bits per image pixel for the original image.[1]数字图像数据的压缩的许多方法已经开发出来。
第14章电子信息类专业英语(李白萍)
commercial applications are now underway. Expert systems are being
developed to assist managers with complex planning and scheduling tasks, diagnose diseases, locate mineral deposits, configure complex
corporations are assembling AI departments, venture capitalists are
rushing to invest in entrepreneurial expert systems companies, and expert systems technology is well on its way to commercial success.
Unit Fourteen Artificial Intelligence
Unit Fourteen Artificial Intelligence
Passage A Artificial Intelligence Passage B Expert Systems and Robotics Passage C Development of AI
Unit Fourteen Artificial Intelligence
Expert systems technology will also help American solve its productivity problems. It will help businesses reorganize themselves into more efficient and effective organizations. It will do this by helping individuals solve problems more quickly and efficiently than they can today.
电子信息专业英语课文翻译(20210311174048)
电子信息专业英语课文翻译1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Technology 电子技术简介 . Lesson 1 Development of Electronics 电子技术发展史 电子技术的历史是一个关于二十世纪的故事， 电子学的三个关键元件是真空管、 晶体管 和集成电路。
真空管也叫做 电子管， 它是一个密封的玻璃管， 在它里面， 电子在有真空隔离的电极之 间流动。
在20 (19X )世纪早期发明了真空管，随着真空管的发明，放大和传输电能成为 可能。
电子管的第一应用在于无线电通信。
在第二次世界大战之前， 随着越来越多的专门真 空管被制造出来用于各种用途，通信技术从而能得到了巨大的进步。
在20 世纪 20 年代时， 无线电广播呈天文数字地增长并且成为家庭娱乐的主要来源。
电视机是在1927 年发明，并 且最终得到了广泛的应用。
电视机作为一种电子设备， 其发展得益于在二次世界大战期间雷 达上的许多进步。
雷达利用无线电微波回声来测量一个物体的距离和方向，被用于检测飞机 和船只。
世界大战之后， 电子管被用于开发第一台计算机， 但是因为电子元件的尺寸， 所以这些 计算机是不切实际的。
在 1947 年，来自贝尔实验室的一组工程师们发明了晶体管，因为发 明了晶体管，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。
晶体管的功能类似于真空管， 但与真空管相比，它体积 小、重量轻、消耗功率低、 更加可靠和制造成本低。
在几乎所有的电子设备中晶体管取代了 真空管。
在 20 世纪 50 年代时，美国德州仪器公司发展出第一个集成电路。
第一个集成电路仅 包含了几个晶体管， 在随后的 20 世纪 70 年代中期， 出现了大规模集成电路和超大规模集成 电路。
超大规模集成电路技术允许我们在一个单芯片中构建一个包含有成千上万晶体管的系 统。
摄像机、手提电话和个人电脑仅仅是集成电路使之成为可能的一些设备实例。
电子信息类专业英语(第二版)(李白萍)
On the contrary,TS-SCDMA adapts the uplink/downlink radio according ro the data load within a single unpaired frequency thus utilizing the spectrum more efficiently,and provides dara rates ranging form 12kbps to 2Mbps.
6.作为一种以同步模式运行的结合CDMA自适应技术的高级TDMA、TDD系统，TD-SCDMA具有对称电路交换服务业务（如语音和视频）和非对称组交换服务业务（如手机上网）。
Designed as an advanced TDMA,TDD system with an adaptive CDMA component operating in synchronous mode,TD-SCDMA masters both symmetric circuits switched services (such as speech or video)as well as asymmetric packet switched services(such mobile internet access).
The signal-processing block at the transmitter conditions the source for more efficient transmission.
5.此外信号处理器还可以给数码子加入奇偶校验位，即提供信道编码 ，使的接收机的信号处理器可以进行误码检测和纠错，以减少或消除由信道噪声所引起的误码。
电子信息专业英语(第二版)(李白萍)章 (9)
Unit 9 Digital Signal Processing 1. The essentials of analog-to-digital and digital-
to-analog conversion
The first essential step in analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion (as shown in Figure 9.1) is to sample an analog signal. This step is performed by a sample and hold circuit, which samples at regular intervals called sampling intervals. The length of the sampling interval is the same as the sampling period, and the reciprocal of the sampling period is the sampling frequency fs. According to the Nyquist theorem, a signal with a maximum frequency of W Hz (ignal) must be sampled at least 2W samples per second to ensure accurate recording. When this minimum is not respected, distortion called aliasing occurs. Aliasing causes high frequency signals to appear as lower frequency signals.
电子信息专业英语(第二版)(李白萍)章 (22)
Unit 22 Modern Digital Design
2. Logic gates The basic building blocks of digital circuits are gates. A gate is an electronic component with a number of inputs and, generally, a single output. The inputs and the outputs are normally in one of two states: logic 0 or logic 1. These logic values are represented by voltages (for instance, 0 V for logic 0 and 3.3 V for logic 1) or currents. The gate itself performs a logical operation using all of its inputs to generate the output. Ultimately, of course, digital gates are really analogue components, but for simplicity we tend to ignore their analogue nature.
mass-produced integrated circuits, ranging from flipflops through to microprocessors. With increasing complexity comes flexibility-a microprocessor can be programmed to perform a near-infinite variety of tasks. Digital system design therefore consists, in part, of taking standard components and connecting them together. Inevitably, however, some aspect of the functionality will not be available as a standard device. The designer is then left with the choice of implementing this functionality from discrete gated or of designing a specialized integrated circuit to perform that task. While this latter task may appear daunting, it should be remembered that the cost of a system will depend to a great extent not on the cost
电子信息类专业英语李白萍 翻译 Unite5 passageA
对空间和地球卫星的发展的探索已经增加减少电子电路的尺寸和重量的重要性。另外，即使政治部流动较快的计算机的信号的电子元件之间的互连的时间延迟是一个重要的考虑因素。如果互连减小尺寸，计算机可以以更快的速度进行操作。
2 microelectronics involves the miniaturization of regular electronic circuits . A complete electronic circuit ,an operational amplifier for example ,which contains larger numbers of individual interconnected components , such as diodes resistors, transistors,etc. may be formed on a very small single substrate. the complete miniaturized circuit is then called an integrated circuit
引进于1992年，索尼迷你光碟措施仅6.35厘米（2??.5英寸）的直径，但它可以被用来记录以及播放长达74分钟的音乐。它的小尺寸使得可以通过数据压缩的系统，它利用心理声学原理来消除数据是不正常的牛群被监听器有通过降低数据密度的五分之一，需要对传统的CDs.Mini，光盘只能用于自己的录放机。
u5
passage A
CD and CD-ROM
CD和CD-ROM
1
a compact disc(CD) is a laser-read (also termed "optically read") data storage device on which audio,video,or textual material can be stored. although ithas been used primarily to record stereophonic sound and has supplanted the long-playing PHONOGRAPH record as the principal medium for music storage of massive amounts of many types of information .
电子信息类专业英语(第二版) 课件李白萍
Unit 1 科技英语基础知识(一)
数词: naught，one，two，ten，twenty-eight，hundred， thousand，million，billion，trillion，first，second，third， one half，two third，a quarter，seven percent 连接词: and，as，as if，as well as，both ... and，either ... or，but，not only ... but also，for，if，even if，or，yet， while 名词: energy，form，material，line，process，time， result，unit，value，area，field，method，effect，distance， limit，period，direction 代词: other，such，that，this，their，these，which，it， its，itself 这些词汇在科技英语中的意义和用法与在普通英语中基 本上是一致的，因此读者一般不会有多大困难。
Unit 1 科技英语基础知识(一)
冠词: a(或an)，the 动词: be，do，take，have，get，give，find，form， increase，obtain，show，work，operate, perform，carry， account 副词: all，more，ago，already，before，finally， immediately，nearly，usually，never，frequently，actually， so，slowly 形容词: all，great，high，large，more，small，good， big，round，square，hard，little, simple，complex，basic， common，internal，external，usual 介词: about，above，after，among，at，behind，beside, between，beyond，by，except, for，from，in，into，of，off， on，over，up，upon，to，by means of，toward
第11章电子信息类专业英语(李白萍)
Unit Eleven A Laser Bestiary: Different Types of Lasers
The longest wavelengths, several centimeters(an inch or two) long, which are in the microwave region, are produced by masers. Masers, though discovered first, are actually regarded as a subcategory of the laser family. As their name indicates, masers operate only in the microwave spectral region. The shortest wavelengths at which laser amplification has been reported is 1.4 nanometers; that’s 1.4 billionths of a meter (5.5×10-8 in), at the long-wavelength end of the X-ray region of the spectrum. This feat was accomplished by a group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, according to report in Aviation Week and Space Technology that has yet to be confirmed in the scientific literature—or by Livermore, where the official reaction is “no comment” because of possible military applications.