建筑专业英语分析解析
浅析建筑工程英语中句子翻译及例句分析
翻译研究本栏目责任编辑：梁书浅析建筑工程英语中句子翻译及例句分析彭小慧（四川建筑职业技术学院，四川德阳618000）摘要：建筑工程英语虽然都处于英语的基本框架，受英语语法规则的支配，但其在词汇、句法结构和语法的使用上有其自身的特点。
在句法结构上，较多使用长且复杂的句子；句中非限定动词形式使用较多；句子中的表示动作意义的名词化结构大量运用。
在句子翻译时，根据句子的不同结构，拆解句子,分析主干，扩词成句等，才能译出准确流畅，符合汉语习惯的译文。
关键词：建筑工程英语；句子翻译；例句分词中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-5039(2019)12-0040-02建筑工程英语是科技文体的一种，强调客观事实，注重表达的准确性和有效性。
虽然都处于英语的基本框架，受基本语法规则的支配，但是无论从词汇的使用上、句法结构还是语法规则使用上，建筑工程英语都有其自身的特点。
建筑工程英语中大量使用专业的词汇，以合成词汇居多；句子结构复杂，以长句居多；不会用到很复杂的时态和语态，以一般现在时和被动语态居多。
本文主要探讨建筑工程英语中的句子以及翻译策略。
1建筑工程英语的句法特点1.1长句使用较多，且结构复杂为了表达一些复杂的概念和工序，使之逻辑严密、结构紧凑，建筑工程英语中往往出现很多结构复杂的长句。
例如：The structure drawings for the building are sent to the precasting plant,where engineers and drafters prepare shop drawings that show all the dimensions and details of the individual elements and how they are to be connected.在这句话中使用两个定语从句，形成了“盒套式”从句，即一个从句套在另一个从句里。
建筑专业英语部分词汇 (2)
建筑设计词汇analysis of position 区位分析analysis of existing circumstance 现状分析analysis of function 功能分析sectorization 功能分区analysis of traffic/circulation/streamline 交通/流线分析 analysis of sunshine 日照分析analysis of landscape 景观分析landscape sight /view /vision景观视线analysis of space sequence 空间序列分析philosophy of design 设计理念bubble diagram 气泡图architectural conception 建筑构思architectural creation 建筑创作architectural Sketch 建筑草图layout 建筑布局presentation drawing /perspective 效果图hand drawing 手绘效果图a bird‘s-eye view 鸟瞰图Legend 图例Cover 封面Content 内容Design explanation 设计说明general layout / master plan / site plan 总平面图first floor plan 一层平面图ground floor plan 基础平面图typical floor plan 标准层平面图basement plan 地下室平面图（B1）first basement floor （G1）garage负一层roof plan 屋顶平面图elevation 立面图section 剖面图licensed architect 注册建筑师electrical engineer 电气工程师licensed structural engineer 注册结构工程师plant engineer 设备工程师mechanical engineer 机械工程师landscape architect 景观建筑师licensed planner 注册规划师plot plan engineer 总图工程师project budget 工程预算air-conditioning system 空调系统heating and ventilation 供暖与通风water supply and drainage 给水与排水structure design 结构设计acoustic design 声学设计lighting / illumination design 照明设计Indoor environment design 室内热环境设计Full-size drawing / Details drawing 详图Building code 建筑规范working drawings and the specifications 施工图与施工说明书construction site 建筑地基boundary line of roads 道路红线boundary line of land / property line 用地红线building line 建筑控制线building density / building coverage ratio 建筑密度plot ratio / floor area ratio 容积率greening rate绿地率eclecticism 折衷主义functionalism 功能主义post-modernism 后现代主义minimalism 极简主义deconstruction / deconstructivism 解构主义Italian Renaissance 意大利文艺复兴green building 绿色建筑Doric order 多立克柱式Ionic order 爱奥尼柱式Corinthian order 科林斯柱式Gothic Revival哥特复兴Greek temple 希腊神庙Triumphal arch 凯旋门URBAN PLANNING⏹town and country planning (urban and rural planning)城乡规划⏹city and regional planning 城市与区域规划⏹urban planning law of PRC 中华人民共和国城市规划法⏹城市发展战略层面：comprehensive planning / master plan 城市总体规划landuse planning 土地利用总体规划建筑控制引导层面：detailed plan 详细规划regulatory plan 控制性详细规划site plan 修建性详细规划☐R residential land 居住用地黄色☐ C public facilities 公共设施用地红色commercial ☐M industrial land 工业用地熟褐色manufacture ☐W warehouse land 仓储用地紫色☐T intercity transportation land 对外交通用地中灰色☐S roads and squares 道路广场用地留白☐U municipal utilities 市政公用设施用地蓝灰色☐G green space 绿地中草绿色☐ D specially-designed land 特殊用地深草地色☐ E waters and miscellaneous 水域和其它⏹城市分区规划city district planning⏹城市规模city size⏹城市发展模式urban development pattern⏹城市用地评价urban landuse evaluation⏹城市用地平衡urban landuse balance⏹研究切入点：⏹functional district 城市功能分区⏹urban structure 城市结构⏹urban morphology 城市形态⏹industrial district 工业区⏹residential district 居住区⏹commercial district 商业区⏹institutes and colleges district 文教区⏹Central business district 中央商务区（CBD）⏹warehouse district 仓储区⏹mixed-use district 综合区⏹scenic zone 风景区⏹civic center 市中心⏹sub-civic center 副中心⏹utility distribution 公共设施分布⏹城市给水系统water supply system⏹城市排水系统sewerage system⏹城市供电系统power supply system⏹城市供暖系统district heating system⏹城市燃气系统gas supply system⏹城市通信系统communication system⏹城市绿地系统urban green space system⏹城市道路系统urban road system⏹green belt 绿带⏹green buffer 防护绿地⏹express way 快速路⏹pedestrian street 步行街⏹city ecosystem 城市生态系统⏹balance of city ecosystem 城市生态平衡⏹city environmental quality 城市环境质量⏹city environmental assessment 城市环境评价⏹sustainable development 可持续发展⏹sustainable equilibrium 持久的平衡⏹conservation plan of historic cities 历史文化名城保护规划⏹urban renewal 城市更新⏹urban redevelopment 城市改造⏹urban revitalization 城市复苏⏹urban sprawl 城市扩张⏹urban expansion城市膨胀⏹urban flood control 城市防洪⏹earthquake hazard protection 城市防震⏹urban fire control 城市消防⏹urban air defence 城市防空⏹city (urban)planning commission城市规划委员会⏹city planning and administration bureau城市规划管理局⏹urban facilities城市设施⏹urban planning and development control城市规划建设管理⏹Integrated design for utilities pipeline城市工程管线综合⏹city style and features城市风貌⏹cityscape（city appearance）城市景观⏹city （town）refuse城市垃圾⏹city noise城市噪声⏹city skyline城市天际线住宅专业词汇总结•Villa（house、villahouse 、detached house）独栋别墅•Semi-detached house双拼别墅•Row houses 连排别墅•Townhouse城区住宅•High-grade residential高档住宅•duplex apartment跃层住宅•tall building of apartment单元式高层住宅•apartment of towerbuilding塔式高层住宅•gallery tall building of apartment通廊式高层住宅•housing cluster / group 住宅组团•residential community居住区•residential density居住密度•low-rise medium-density cluster housing低层中密度住宅群•business-living building商住楼•multiple-use （multi-use）high-rise building多功能高层建筑•dwelling size 套型•habitable space居住空间•bedroom卧室•living room 起居室•family room家庭活动室•kitchen厨房•bathroom卫生间•balcony阳台•terrace平台、露台•passage过道•ramp坡道•gallery （corridor gallery）走廊•overhanging corridor挑廊•eaves gallery檐廊•cloister回廊•bridge way架空走廊•semi-basement半地下室•empty space（open floor）架空层•refuge storey避难层•mechanical floor设备层•cabinet壁柜•wall-hung cupboard吊柜•view room眺望间•overhang骑楼•arcade过街楼•stair step 楼梯踏步•stairwell楼梯井•stair landing楼梯平台•stair railing楼梯栏杆•envelop enclosure围护结构•enclosing curtain wall围护性幕墙•decorative faced curtain wall装饰性幕墙•French windows落地橱窗•dormer window天窗•bay window凸窗/飘窗•sash-window上下推拉窗•louver window百叶窗•eaves and gable屋檐与山墙•parapet矮墙•plinth勒脚•canopy雨篷•masonry structure砖石结构/砖混结构•frame structure框架结构•steel-frame structure钢框架结构•frame-shearwall structure框剪结构•magastructure巨型结构•bearing wall承重墙•bearing strength承载力•concrete beam混凝土梁•concrete shell混凝土薄壳•reinforced concrete slab钢筋混凝土楼板•reinforced concrete column钢筋混凝土柱子•deformation joint变形缝•duration of fire resistance耐火极限•safety exit安全出口•hang wall挡烟垂壁•suspended ceiling吊顶•pipe shaft管道井•smoke uptake/flue烟道•air relief shaft通风道•motor repair shop修车库•parking area停车场•under ground garage地下汽车库•high-rise garage高层汽车库•mechanical and stereoscopic garage机械式立体汽车库•compound garage复式汽车库•Minimum turn radius of car汽车最小转弯半径。
英文建筑专业词汇解释.doc
专业词汇解释Accessory:A supplementary building product, such as a door, window, skylight, ventilator, louver, etc.Anchor Bolts:Bolts used to anchor structural members to a concrete floor, foundation or other support. Usually refers to the bolts at the bottom of all columns and door jambs.Anchor Bolt Plan:A plan view of a building(s) foundations showing all dimensions and sections required to properly locate the anchor bolts, including the projections of the bolts above the concrete surface, required recess, etc. Column reactions (magnitude and direction), and base plate dimensions are also included.Angle:A hot rolled member with two legs forming a 90o angle.Approval Drawings:Drawings sent to the customer to verify design and dimensions and to verify the sales contract description of materials and services the manufacturer has agreed to furnish.Assembly:Two or more components bolted together.Astragal:A bent plate attached to one leaf of double sliding or hinged doors to prevent dust and light ingress.Auxiliary Loads:All specified dynamic live loads, other than the basic design loads, which the building must safely withstand. Examples are loads imposed by crane systems, material handling systems and impact loads.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Back-up Plates:Additional plates used in connections to provide sufficient bolt grip, allow for erection tolerances, or increase strength.Base Angle:A continuous angle fixed to the floor slab or to the grade beam to enable the attachment of wall panels.Base Plate:The endplate of a column which rests on the supporting substructure surface.Bay:The space between the center lines of frames or primary supporting members in the longitudinal direction of the building. Also called Bay Spacing or Bay Length.Bead Mastic:A sealant furnished in a continuous roll, normally used for sealing end laps of roof panels. See also Endlap Mastic.Beam:A horizontal structural member designed primarily to resist moments.Bent Plate:A plate bent to form an angle.Bill of Materials:A list of items or components used for fabrication, shipping, receiving, and accounting purposes.Bird Screen:Wire mesh used to prevent birds from entering the building through ventilators, louvers and roof monitors.Blind Rivet:A small headed pin with an expandable shank for joining light gauge metal. Typically used to attach flashing, gutters, etc. Also referred to as a Pop Rivet.Brace Grip:Galvanized steel strands formed into a helical hair pin shape that is wrapped tightly on the strand at the end of the cable brace.Brace Rods/Cables:Rods or cables placed diagonally in the roof and walls for the purpose of transferring wind loads to the foundations and longitudinally stabilizing the building.Braced Bay:The bay where bracing is provided.Bracket:A structural support projecting from a column or rafter to which another structural member is fastened. Example: Brackets supporting crane runway beams.Bridge Crane:Overhead traveling crane supported by rails which are in turn supported by crane runway beams.Builder:A general contractor or sub-contractor responsible for providing and erecting pre-engineered buildings.Building Codes:Regulations developed by recognized agencies establishing minimum building requirements for licensing, safety and functionality purposes such as setbacks, fire regulations, spacing and clearances. Building codes usually address acceptable design codes. An example of a building code is the Uniform Building Code (UBC).Building Width:The lateral width of the building measured from out to out of sidewall steel lines.Built-up Section:A structural member, usually an "I" shape, made from individual flat plates welded together.Butt Plate:The end plate of a structural member which usually rests against a similar endplate of another member to form a moment resisting connection. Also called Splice Plate, End Plate, or Cap Plate.By-pass Girt:The girt which passes continuously along the outside flanges of the columns.By-pass Mounted:See Exterior Mounted.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------"C" Section:A member formed into a "C" shaped profile by cold roll-forming from coils.Cable Catch Assembly:The operating handle used to open and close the ridge ventilator.Cables:Used for cable bracing. Can also be used to operate ridge vent dampers and for temporary bracing. See Brace Cables.Cantilever:A projecting beam that is supported and restrained at one end only.Canopy:An overhanging or projecting roof structure, below the eave level, supported at one end only.Cap Plate:A plate located at the top of a column or end of a beam. Also referred to as End Plate.Capillary Action:The action of water rising to a higher level.Catwalk:A narrow walkway used to provide access to mechanical equipment normally supported on roof platforms.Caulking:A sealant used in making watertight joints.Channel (Hot Rolled):A member formed, while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill, into a "C" shaped profile having standard dimensions and properties specified by a relevant standard specification.Checkered Plate:Flat hot rolled plate with raised checkered design to prevent slipping; used for industrial equipment platforms, catwalks, stair treads, etc.Clear Height:The vertical dimension from the finished floor level to the lowest underside point of the rafter.Clear Span:A building without internal columns.Clip:A plate or angle used to fasten two or more members together.Closer:Mechanical device, usually attached to a hinged door, which automatically closes the door.Closure Strip:Purpose-made foam fillers to fit inside and outside profiles of roof and wall panels providing a weather-tight seal. Also known as Foam Closure.Coil:A roll of steel sheet or wire.Cold-Formed Member:A light gauge structural member produced from coiled steel stock running through a series of rolls at normal room temperatures.Collateral Load:The static load other than the basic design loads such as sprinklers, mechanical and electrical systems, ceilings, etc.Column:A vertical structural member used in a building to transfer loads from the main roof beams, trusses or rafters to the foundation.Component:An independent part of an assembly.Concrete Notch:A rebate or notch formed along the edge of the concrete floor slab or grade beam, allowing wall panels to end below the floor level thus preventing ingress of dust or water.Continuous Beam:A beam which has more than two points of support.Continuous Ridge Vent:Two or more ridge ventilators mounted on the building ridge that allow air circulation. See also Ridge Ventilator.Corner Column:A column at any corner of a building. Corner columns may be primary rigid frame columns or post-and-beam columns.Counter Flashing:Trim used to connect the sidewall sheeting of a main building to the roof sheeting of a lower building.Crane:A machine designed to lift and/or move material by means of a hoist.Crane Beam:A beam that supports an overhead traveling bridge crane. On underhung bridge cranes, it also acts as a crane rail. Also known as a Crane Runway Beam.Crane Bracket:Structural support welded to the primary building frame to permit attachment of a crane runway beam. See also Bracket.Crane Bridge:One or two girders or box sections supported on end carriages. See also Bridge Crane.Crane Capacity:The maximum weight a crane can safely lift. Crane capacity depends on the standard design of the crane components and their supports.Crane Rail:Rail welded or bolted to a crane beam forming the track on which the bridge crane wheels travel.Crane Stopper:A small vertical member welded to the top of the crane beam to stop the crane bridge at the end of the crane run area.Cross Section:A view formed by a plane cutting through an object usually at right angles to its axes.Curb:Raised flashing around roof openings to form waterproof openings. See also Roof Curb.Curved Eave:Curved panels provided at the eave.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Damper:Baffle plate in a ridge ventilator that can be opened or closed using the cable catch assembly.Dead Load:The self weight of the pre-engineered building structure including all its components such as frames, floors, secondary members, sheeting, bolts, etc.Design Codes:Regulations developed by recognized agencies establishing design loads, procedures, and construction details for structures. Examples are: MBMA, AISC, AISI, AWS, etc.Diagonal Bracing:See Brace Rods/Cables.Door Guide:An angle, channel, or proprietary product used to restrain a door leaf or curtain during its opening and closing.Door Stopper:A clip bolted to the vertical door member to prevent opening beyond the door limit.Double Channel:Double or back-to-back "C" sections stitch-bolted together.Double Faced Tape:Used as an aid to fix fiberglass insulation.Double Sliding Door:Sliding door with two door leaves.Downspout:Cold-formed sheet metal section used to carry water from the gutter of a building to the ground or storm drainage system.Downspout Elbow/Shoe:Cold-formed sheet metal section, matching the downspout profile, attached to the lower end of a downspout and curved in such a way as to direct water away from a wall.Downspout Straps:Metal straps used to fix the downspouts to the sidewalls.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Eave:A line along the sidewall formed by the intersection of the inside faces or planes of the roof and the sidewall panels.Eave Gutter:Gutter at the eave of a building.Eave Height:The vertical dimension from the finished floor level to the top of the eave strut.Eave Strut:A structural member, located at the eave, used for supporting the roof panels and the wall panels.Eave Strut Clip:A clip used to support the eave strut.Eave Trim/Flashing:A sheet metal closure whose function is primarily to provide weather-tightness at the eave between the eave gutter and the wall panels.Edge Distance:The perpendicular distance between the plate edge and the center of the bolt hole.Elevation:(a) Distance above or below a prescribed datum or reference. (b) Engineering term referring to any wall view of a structure.End Bay:The first or last bay in the building, as opposed to interior bay. It is the spacing between the outside face of the outer flange of the endwall columns and the center line of the first interior column.End Lap:A term used to describe the lap at a purlin location where the end of one panel overlaps the end of the panel below it.End Lap Mastic:Sealant, in extruded bead form, used to seal end laps of roof panels for weather-tightness. Also called Bead Mastic.End Plate:A plate welded at the end of a member.Endwall:A term used to describe the entire composition of a building end. See Post & Beam Endwall or Rigid Frame Endwall.End Framing:Framing located at the endwall of a building which supports the loads acting on a portion of the end bay.Endwall Post/Column:A vertical member located at the endwall which supports the girts and endwall rafter.Endwall Rafter:Normally a cold-formed "C" section supported by end posts of post-and-beam endwalls. Endwall rafters can also be built-up or hot rolled sections if required by design loadsEndwall Roof Extension:Roof cantilevered beyond the endwall.Erection:The on site assembling of pre-fabricated components to form the complete structure.Erection Drawings:Drawings and erection instructions which identify all the individual components in sufficient detail to permit the proper assembly of all parts of the metal building system furnished by the seller.Expansion Joint:A weather-tight joint across the width of the building allowing for expansion and contraction.Exterior Mounted:A girt system where the girts are mounted outside the columns and are attached directly to the outside column flange. Also called By-pass Mounted.Eye Bolt:Used in conjunction with a hillside washer for tensioning cable braces.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fabrication:The manufacturing process usually performed in a plant to convert raw material into finished metal building components. The main operations are cold- forming, cutting, punching, welding, cleaning and painting.Fascia:An accessory whose function is to enhance the appearance of a wall. Also used to cover the eave or gable of a building.Field Work:Modification or rectification carried out on site.Fin Neck Bolt:Flat dome headed bolt used in framed openings, fascias, and mezanines.Finished Floor:Top of the concrete slab or the finished concrete surface.Fixed Base:A column base that is designed to resist rotation as well as horizontal or vertical movement.Flange:The projecting edge of a structural member.Flange Brace:An angle member extending between girts or purlins to the inner flange of columns or rafters respectively, to provide them with lateral support and stability.Flashing:A sheet metal closure used to provide weather-tightness in a structure.Flowable Mastic:Supplied in a nozzled cartridge. Used to seal overlapping flashing, gutter joints, etc.Flush Mounted:A girt system where the outside flanges of the girts and columns are flush. The girts are supported by the use of girt clips bolted to the column webs.Footing:Reinforced concrete base that provides support for a column.Force:The action of one body on another body which changes or tends to change its state of rest or motion. A force may be expressed in kilonewton(s) (kN), or other similar units.Foundation:The substructure which supports a building or other structure. Usually constructed in concrete.Framed Opening:Framing (headers, sills, and jambs) and flashing which surround an opening in a building. Usually provided to accommodate field installed accessories such as sliding doors, roll-up doors, etc.Framing:Primary and secondary members (columns, rafters, girts, purlins, brace cables, etc.) which when connected together make up the skeleton of a structure to which the covering can be fastened.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gable:The triangular portion of the endwall of a building directly under the sloping roof and above the eave height line.Gable Angle:An angle fastened to the purlins at rake for the attachment of endwall sheets.Gable Trim:A flashing designed to close the opening between the roof panels and endwall panels.Gage or Gauge:The distance between holes along the transverse axis of a plate.Galvanized:Steel coated with a layer of zinc for corrosion resistance.Girder:See Beam.Girt:Secondary horizontal member attached to the main frame columns. Girts normally support wall panels.Girt Clip:Angle clips used to connect girts to the endwall columns.Glazing:Installation of glass.Grade:Ground level (or elevation) surrounding a building.Grating:Welded framework of crossbars used in flooring of equipment platforms, platform walkways, catwalks and stair treads.Grout:Non-shrinking sand and cement based mixture used under base plates to obtain a uniform bearing surface.Gusset Plate:Steel stiffener plate used to help distribute load at a connection.Gutter:Pre-formed light gauge metal channel at the roof, along the sidewalls, or in valleys of multi-gabled roofs for the collection of rainwater.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------"H" Section:A steel member with an "H" cross section.Reinforcement bars used in distributing forces from the column foundation to the floor slab.Handrails:Horizontal and vertical pipes fixed to stair stringers, edges of mezzanine floors, openings in floors and platform walkways.Hangar Door:A large multi-leaf door that is used in aircraft hangars or similar buildings.Haunch:Intersection of the column and rafter. Also referred to as Knee.Header:A horizontal member over an opening in a wall.High Strength Bolt:Any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength in excess of 690 megapascal (MPa). Some examples are: ASTM A325, A354, A449 and A490.Hillside Washer:A washer having non-parallel faces normally used on brace cables or rods. Also known as Bevel Washer.Hinged Base:See Pinned Base.Hoist:A lifting device that is mechanically, electrically or manually operated.Horizontal Knee Splice:Horizontal connection of the column to the rafter.Hot Rolled Shapes:Steel sections (angles, channels, I-sections, etc.) which are formed, while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill, into a shape having standard dimensions and properties specified by relevant standard specifications.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Impact Load:A dynamic load resulting from the motion of machinery, craneways, elevators and other similar moving forces.Any material used in building construction for the reduction of heat transfer.Interior Bay:The distance between the center lines of two adjacent interior rigid frames.Intermediate Rafter Splice:Connection of two pieces of the rafter.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jack Beam:A primary horizontal member used to support another beam, truss or rafter.Jamb:Vertical member at the side of a wall opening.Jib Crane:A cantilever boom or horizontal beam with a hoist and trolley.Joist:A horizontal member for supporting the decking of floors or roofs.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Knee: See Haunch.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lean-To:A structure dependent upon another structure for partial support and having only one slope or pitch.Liner Panel:Interior wall or roof sheeting attached to the inside flanges of the girts or purlins.Lintel:A beam (either concrete or steel) in masonry walls placed above doors, windows or openings to support masonry above.Live load:Any variable load that results from intended use of the structure during its life time.Loads:Anything that causes a force to be exerted on a structural member. Examples of different types of loads are:a. Dead Loadb. Live Loadc. Impact Loadd. Seismic Loade. Wind Loadf. Crane Loadg. Auxiliary Loadh. Collateral LoadLongitudinal:The direction parallel to the ridge line.Louver:A wall opening provided with slanted blades, fixed or movable, to allow flow of air inside the building.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Machine Bolts:Mild steel bolts conforming to ASTM A307 standard specifications.Mastic:See Caulking.Mezzanine:An intermediate floor within a building above the ground floor that occupies all or part of the building floor area and consists of columns, beams, joists, deck panels and edge trims to receive reinforced concrete.Masonry:Construction materials such as bricks, concrete blocks and stone.Moment:The tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point or axis.Moment Connection:A connection designed to transfer moment, as well as axial and shear forces, between connecting members.Monorail Beam:A single beam support for a material handling system. It is normally a hot rolled "I" beam.Mono-Slope:A building sloped in one direction.Mullion:A vertical bar or pier between panes or sections of windows and screens.Multi-Gable Buildings:Buildings consisting of one or more gables across the width of the building.Multi-Span Buildings:Buildings with interior columns.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Notch:A rebate. See also Concrete Notch.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Panel:A piece of roof or wall sheeting. See also Sheeting.Parapet Wall:That portion of the vertical wall which extends above the roof line at the intersection of the wall and roof.Part Mark:A number physically marked on a piece or packing that identifies each component of the building for erection and shipping purposes.Partition:A non-load bearing interior dividing wall. It can sustain its own weight but does not support the ceiling or roof and is designed to withstand a maximum lateral load of 0.25 kN/m?Peak:The uppermost point of a gable. Also called Peak Point or Ridge Point.Peak Panel:Also known as Ridge Panel. Used to link and weather-seal roof panels on opposing slopes.Peak Sign:A sign attached to the peak of the building at the endwall showing the name of the manufacturer of the building. Also called Ridge Sign.Personnel Door:An access door.Pier:A concrete structure designed to transfer the vertical load from the column base to the footing.Pilot Door:A small access door within one leaf of a sliding door. Also called Wicket Door.Pin Connection:A connection designed to transfer the axial and shear forces between connecting members, but not moment forces.Pinned Base:A column base that is designed to resist horizontal and vertical movement, but not rotation.Pipe Flashing:Used in sealing roof penetrations.Pitch (Hole):Distance between center lines of holes along longitudinal axis of plate.Pitch (Roof):Slope of the roofPlan: Details of a building as viewed from the top.Pop Rivet:Used for joining flashing and light gauge metal trims. See also Blind Rivet.Portal Frame:Column and beam bracing used in lieu of standard diagonal cable bracing to provide clear access.Post-and-Beam Endwall:A system of endwall framing consisting of vertical columns (posts), with pinned ends, which support rafters (beams). These posts and beams are normally light members made from cold-formed sections.Pre-Engineer:To design and detail components beforehand.Pre-Fabricate:To fabricate parts in the shop beforehand. To manufacture standard sections that can be rapidlyassembled.Primary Framing:The main load carrying members of a structural system, generally the columns, rafters, and/or other main support members.Primer Paint:The initial coat of paint applied in the shop to the structural framing of a building for protection against aggressive environmental conditions during shipping and erection.Purlin:A horizontal secondary structural member, bolted to the rafters, which transfers the roof loads from the roof covering to the primary frames.Purlin Extension:A projecting secondary member used in roof extensions at the endwall.Purlin Line:The line joining the extreme outer, or exterior, edges of the purlins parallel to the frames.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rafter:A primary beam member supported on columns.Rake:The intersection of the plane of the roof and the plane of the gable.Rake Trim:The sheeting item joining the roof and wall sheeting at the rake. Also called Gable Trim.Reactions:The resisting forces, at the column bases of a frame, holding the frame in equilibrium under a given loading condition.Revision:A change that is made to the building design, component details, location of accessories, etc.Ridge:The peak, or highest point of a gabled building, which describes a horizontal line running the length of the building.Ridge Flashing:Continuous metal flashing used to close roofing material along the ridge of a roof. Also calledRidge Cap or Peak Panel.Ridge Connection:A connection, between two rafter members, which transfers the moment from one side of the connection to the other and maintains, under application of load, the same angle between the connected members that exists prior to the loading. See also Moment Connection.Ridge Sign:The manufacturer’s sign at the peak or highest point of the gable. Also called Peak Sign.Ridge Ventilator:The ventilator used at the ridge line.Rigid Frame:A structural frame consisting of members joined together with rigid (or moment) connections so as to render the frame stable with respect to imposed loads, without the need for bracing in its plane.Rigid Frame Endwall:A system of endwall framing where the main interior frame is used at the endwall mostly for the purpose of future expansion.Risers:The vertical rise of the steps of a staircase.Roll-Up Door:A door which opens vertically and is supported on a shaft or drum and runs along vertical tracks.Roof Covering:The exterior roof skin consisting of panels or sheets, their attachments, and weather sealant.Roof Curb:Weatherproof flashing used on roofs to support power ventilators or ducting. Roof Curbs can be fiberglass or sheet metal.Roof Extension:An extension of the roof beyond the endwall and/or sidewall of a building.Roof Monitor:Raised gable, or portion of the main building, located at the ridge, to allow lighting and ventilation.Roof Slope:The angle that a roof surface makes with the horizontal. Usually expressed in units of verticalrise to 10 units of horizontal run.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sag Rod:A tension member used to limit the movement of a girt or purlin in the direction of its weak axis before the installation of sheeting.Sealant:See Caulking.Secondary Framing:Members which carry loads to the primary framing. In metal buildings this term includes purlins, girts, eave struts, flange braces, etc.Seismic Load:The assumed lateral load acting in any horizontal direction on the structural system due to earthquakes.Self Drilling Fasteners:See Self Drilling Screws.Self Drilling Screws (SDS):Fasteners, used for attaching panels and trims to girts and purlins, which drill their own holes and eliminate the pre-drilling operation.Self Tapping Screws (STS):Have the same function as SDS but need pre-drilled holes.Sheeting:Profiled metal panels.Sheeting Angle:An angle used to support sheeting.Shims:Small steel plates used for levelling base plates or for packing between structural members.Shipping List:A list that enumerates, by part number or description, each piece of material or assembly to be shipped. Also known as Packing List.Shop Details:Drawing details for fabrication of parts and assemblies.Side Lap:A term used to describe the lap at the side or lengthwise direction of panels.Sidewall:A term used to describe the entire composition of a building side which is parallel to the ridge.Sill:The bottom horizontal member of a door or window opening.Simple Span:The term used in structural engineering to describe a support condition, for a beam, girt, purlin, etc., which offers no resistance to rotation at the supports.Single Slope Building:See also Mono-Slope.Skylight:A translucent panel used at the roof to transmit natural light. It is usually made of fiberglass.Slats:Flat strips used in the shutters of roll-up doors.Sleeve Nut:A long nut normally used to join two brace rods of the same diameter together. Also known as Coupling.Sliding Door:A single or double leaf door which opens horizontally by means of overhead trolleys or bottom wheels.Slot:An elongated hole.Soffit:The underside covering of any exterior portion of the metal building such as canopies, sidewall and endwall roof extensions.Soil Pressure:The load, per unit area, a structure will exert, through its foundations, on the soil.Soldier Column:A column, in sidewalls outside the main frame lines, located in extended bays to support sidewall girts, wall canopies and Lean-To’s.。
2019年工程造价工程师资格考试建筑工程专业英语历年真题解析
2019年工程造价工程师资格考试建筑工程专业英语历年真题解析Part I: 选择题解析1. A解析: 根据题干中的"what is 'budget cost'?"，定位到第一段最后一句"In construction, this cost is typically referred to as the 'budget cost'."，因此答案为A。
2. C解析: 根据题干中的"what is an 'addenda'?"，定位到第三段第一句"The addenda are additional drawings, specifications, or instructions that are issued by the architect or engineer during the bidding process."，因此答案为C。
3. B解析: 根据题干中的"how are bid bonds used in the bidding process?"，定位到第五段第一句"Bid bonds are used to ensure that the selected contractor will enter into a contract and provide the required performanceand payment bonds."，因此答案为B。
4. D解析: 根据题干中的"What is the purpose of the construction schedule?"，定位到第八段第一句"The construction schedule outlines the timeline and sequence of activities for the construction project."，因此答案为D。
建筑工程专业英语课件(全)
erased quickly if proper maintenance and rehabilitation procedures are enforced and funded． 如果合理的养护和修复计划得以资助并实施，就可迅速取消用 于基础建设的巨大投资。
Unit1
一、本单元学习要求 二、text学习 介绍text专业背景 词汇和短语 课程内容分析 课程内容难点分析 完成课后练习 三、reading material作为课后要求 四、supplement学习
一、本单元学习要求
1、掌握关于土木工程常用的英语专业词汇 的表示；
2、通过课程内容分析，概括土木工程所包 含的内容，并与中文专业表述进行比较， 进一步理解专业英语的表述；
combustible 可燃的
a.易燃的，
plotting municipal
n.测绘，标图 a.市政的，
市立的，地方自治的
ramp n.斜坡，斜 commission n.委任，
面，滑行台
委任（事项），委员会
excavate 开凿
precisely 正好地
v.挖掘，
runoff n.雨量，流量， 超高缓和段
subcontractor n.转包合
同，转包商，次承包商
asphalt n.地沥青
aluminum n.铝
lock
n.水闸，闸门
fill
n.填土，填方
scrubber n.洗涤器，涤
气器，滤清器
incineration n.烧尽，焚
化
toxic
建筑功能分析英文标题
建筑功能分析英文标题Analysis of Building FunctionsArchitecture is an important part of any urban environment and its function is vital. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different types of building functions and how they can be used to benefit the urban environment.The most common type of building function is residential. In residential buildings, the primary purpose is to provide living space for people. This can include apartments, homes, or even dormitories. Residential buildings usually consist of multiple levels and contain common areas, such as lobbies and laundry rooms. These buildings are designed to provide a comfortable and safe living environment for its occupants.The second type of building function is commercial. Commercial buildings typically serve as a place of business, such as offices, retail stores, restaurants, and theaters. These buildings provide necessary services to their surrounding communities and can help to stimulate economic growth. The design of these buildings is often reflective of their purpose and can be found in a variety of shapes and sizes.The third type of building function is industrial. Industrial buildings are used for manufacturing, storage, and transportation purposes. These buildings are usually large and contain many specialized features, such as conveyorbelts and loading docks. They are designed to be durable and efficient, as they are often subject to intense use.The fourth type of building function is public. Public buildings are typically used by the government and can include libraries, museums, courthouses, and other civic centers. These buildings are often designed to be open andinviting to its guests and may contain many educational and cultural features.Finally, the fifth type of building function is recreational. Recreational buildings are used for things such as amusement parks, sports stadiums, and swimming pools. These buildings are often designed to be inviting andentertaining, as they are meant to be a place of leisure and relaxation.In conclusion, buildings serve many purposes and can be tailored to fit their intended purpose. Residential, commercial, industrial, public, andrecreational buildings all serve different functions, but all are important in any urban environment. Understanding the different types of building functions can help to design an effective and safe urban environment.。
建筑英语 2讲解
1. abbreviationsn. [语] 缩写词，缩略语；[语] 缩写（abbreviation的复数）Abbreviations: 缩略语表| 略语表| 缩写2. plan [plæn]n. 计划；平面图n. (Plan)人名；(瑞典)普兰；(法)普朗vt. 计划；设计；打算vi. 计划；打算plan: 计划| 平面图| 规划3. egress ['iːgres]n. 外出；出口vt. 使外出vi. 外出egress: 出口| 终切| 外出4. PVTabbr. 私有的（private）；压力、体积、温度（Pressure-Volume-Temperature）PVT: 价量趋势指标(Price And Volume Trend)5. Ltdabbr. 有限责任公司（Limited）；激光目标指示器（等于Laser Target Designator）LTD: 长时程抑制(Long Term Depression)6. Colombo [kə'lʌmbəu]n. 科伦坡（斯里兰卡首都）Colombo: 可伦坡| 科伦坡| 哥伦布7. Lankan. 兰卡；楞伽Lanka: 楞伽| 楞伽城| 楞伽岛8. architect ['ɑːkɪtekt]n. 建筑师缔造者Architect: 建筑师| 建筑工程师| 设计师9. consultant [kən'sʌlt(ə)nt]n. 顾问；咨询者；会诊医生consultant: 顾问| 咨询员| 咨询10. structural ['strʌktʃ(ə)r(ə)l]adj. 结构的；建筑的structural: 结构| 结构性| 结构上的11. engineer [endʒɪ'nɪə]n. 工程师；工兵；火车司机vt. 设计；策划；精明地处理vi. 设计；建造Engineer: 工程师| 技师| 工兵12. mechanical [mɪ'kænɪk(ə)l]adj. 机械的；力学的；呆板的；无意识的；手工操作的mechanical: 机械的| 排名| 机械性13. issue ['ɪʃuː; 'ɪsjuː]n. 问题；流出；期号；发行物vt. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出vi. 发行；流出；造成…结果；传下issue: 发行| 问题| 发出14. description [dɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]n. 描述，描写；类型；说明书description: 描述| 产品描述| 简介15. schematic [skiː'mætɪk; skɪ-]n. 原理图；图解视图adj. 图解的；概要的Schematic: 原理图| 使用符号代表电路布置的图| 示意16. extended [ɪk'stendɪd; ek-]adj. 延伸的；扩大的；长期的；广大的v. 延长；扩充（extend的过去分词）extended: 扩展端口信息| 扩展| 延伸17. SDabbr. 标准偏差（standard deviation）；美国南达科他州（邮政编码，South Dakota）；侧视图（sight draft）18. development [dɪ'veləpm(ə)nt]n. 发展；开发；发育；住宅小区（专指由同一开发商开发的）；[摄] 显影Development: 发展| 开发| 发育19. seal [siːl]n. 密封；印章；海豹；封条；标志n. (Seal)人名；(英)西尔vt. 密封；盖章vi. 猎海豹seal: 密封| 海豹| 席尔20. signature ['sɪgnətʃə]n. 署名；签名；信号signature: 签名| 署名| 签字21. project ['prɒdʒekt]n. 工程；计划；事业vt. 设计；计划；发射；放映vi. 设计；计划；表达；投射project: 项目| 工程| 计划22. scale [skeɪl]n. 规模；比例；鳞；刻度；天平；数值范围n. (Scale)人名；(意)斯卡莱vt. 测量；攀登；刮鳞；依比例决定vi. 衡量；攀登；剥落；生水垢Scale: 缩放| 比例| 规模23. Gensler根斯勒（人名）Gensler: 詹斯勒| 晋思| 美国晋思24. architectural [,ɑːkɪ'tektʃərəl]adj. 建筑学的；建筑上的；符合建筑法的Architectural: 建筑设计| 建筑| 建筑材质25. index ['ɪndeks]n. 指标；指数；索引；指针vt. 指出；编入索引中vi. 做索引index: 索引| 指数| 指标26. sheet [ʃiːt]n. 薄片，纸张；薄板；床单n. (Sheet)人名；(英)希特adj. 片状的vt. 覆盖；盖上被单；使成大片vi. 成片流动；大片落下sheet: 床单| 被单| 单27. general ['dʒen(ə)r(ə)l]n. 一般；将军，上将；常规n. (General)人名；(英)杰纳勒尔adj. 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的General: 上将| 一般| 综述28. cover ['kʌvə]n. 封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物n. (Cover)人名；(英)科弗；(意)科韦尔vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及vi. 覆盖；代替cover: 覆盖| 封面| 涵盖29. electrical [ɪ'lektrɪk(ə)l]adj. 有关电的；电气科学的electrical: 电气| 电的| 电器30. alarm [ə'lɑːm]n. 警报，警告器；惊慌vt. 警告；使惊恐alarm: 警报| 报警| 惊恐31. fighting ['faɪtɪŋ]n. 战斗，搏斗adj. 战斗的；好战的；适于格斗的v. 奋斗（fight的ing形式）；打仗；与…进行拳击Fighting: 战斗| 搏击| 战斗力32. interior [ɪn'tɪɜːrɪə]n. 内部；本质adj. 内部的；国内的；本质的Interior: 内部| 内饰| 室内33. symbols ['sɪmbəls]n. 符号；象征；标志；符号表（symbol的复数）Symbols: 符号| 符号文件| 标志34. program ['prəʊɡræm]n. 程序；计划；大纲vt. 用程序指令；为…制订计划；为…安排节目vi. 编程序；安排节目；设计电脑程式Program: 程序| 节目| 程式35. elevator ['elɪveɪtə]n. 电梯；升降机；升降舵；起卸机Elevator: 电梯| 升降机| 卸货机36. ground [graʊnd]n. 地面；土地；范围；战场adj. 土地的；地面上的；磨碎的；磨过的v. 研磨（grind的过去分词）；压迫vt. 使接触地面；打基础；使搁浅vi. 着陆；搁浅Ground: 接地| 地面| 地上37. promenade [,prɒmə'nɑːd; -'neɪd; 'prɒm-]n. 散步；舞会；骑马adj. 散步的vt. 散步，漫步；骑马vi. 散步Promenade: 漫步| 人行漫步道| 散步38. lobby ['lɒbɪ]n. 大厅；休息室；会客室；游说议员的团体vt. 对……进行游说vi. 游说议员Lobby: 大堂| 前厅| 大厅39. pool [puːl]n. 联营；撞球；水塘；共同资金n. (Pool)人名；(英、西)普尔；(芬、德)波尔vt. 合伙经营vi. 联营，合伙经营pool: 水池| 池| 水塘40. compartment [kəm'pɑːtm(ə)nt]n. [建] 隔间；区划；卧车上的小客房vt. 分隔；划分compartment: 隔间| 隔室| 格41. refuge ['refjuːdʒ]n. 避难；避难所；庇护vt. 给予…庇护；接纳…避难vi. 避难；逃避refuge: 避难| 安全处| 避难所42. residential [rezɪ'denʃ(ə)l]adj. 住宅的；与居住有关的Residential: 住宅| 住宅区| 居住的43. totalsn. 总计（total的复数）；总量v. 合计（total的单三形式）；计算…的总数Totals: 总量| 总计| 总数44. towers ['tauəz]n. [建] 塔；塔器；空中跳台（tower的复数）n. (Towers)人名；(英)托尔斯Towers: 扑克塔| 古塔| 各出奇谋45. exterior [ɪk'stɪərɪə; ek-]n. 外部；表面；外型；外貌adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的Exterior: 外部| 外景| 外观46. isometric [aɪsə(ʊ)'metrɪk]n. 等容线adj. [数] 等距的；等角的；等轴的；等体积的isometric: 等轴测| 等距| 等长47. envelope ['envələʊp; 'ɒn-]n. 信封，封皮；包膜；[天] 包层；包迹envelope: 信封| 封套| 包络线48. banquet ['bæŋkwɪt]n. 宴会，盛宴；宴请，款待n. (Banquet)人名；(法)邦凯；(西)班克特vt. 宴请，设宴款待vi. 参加宴会banquet: 宴会| 酒宴| 正式的宴会49. transition [træn'zɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːn-; -'sɪʃ-]n. 过渡；转变；[分子生物] 转换；变调transition: 过渡| 转变| 转换50. podium ['pəʊdɪəm]n. 乐队指挥台；矮墙；墩座墙podium: 颁奖台| 领奖台| 指挥台51. west elevation西向立面52. escalator ['eskəleɪtə]n. （美）自动扶梯；电动扶梯53. elevation [,elɪ'veɪʃ(ə)n]n. 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图54. level ['lev(ə)l]n. 水平；标准；水平面n. (Level)人名；(法)勒韦尔adj. 水平的；平坦的；同高的vt. 使同等；对准；弄平vi. 瞄准；拉平；变得平坦55. occupant ['ɒkjʊp(ə)nt]n. 居住者；占有者occupant: 占有人| 占有者| 住客56. parking ['pɑːkɪŋ]n. 停车n. (Parking)人名；(英)帕金adj. 停车的v. 停车（park的ing形式）Parking: 停车| 泊车| 停车处57. loadfactorloadfactor: 负载系数| 荷载系数| 负荷系数58. keyplankeyplan: 位置图| 索引图| 分区索引图59. occupant load居住荷载60. maximum ['mæksɪməm]n. [数] 极大，最大限度；最大量adj. 最高的；最多的；最大极限的61. distance ['dɪst(ə)ns]n. 距离；远方；疏远；间隔vt. 疏远；把…远远甩在后面62. legend ['ledʒ(ə)nd]n. 传奇；说明；图例；刻印文字n. (Legend)人名；(西)莱亨德；(英)莱金德63. general notes一般注意事项(general note的复数）64. compartments[电] 隔室65. ICTADICTAD: 建筑培训与发展协会66. table ['teɪb(ə)l]n. 桌子；表格；平地层n. (Table)人名；(罗)塔布莱adj. 桌子的vt. 制表；搁置；嵌合67. floodsn. [水文] 洪水（flood的复数）v. 淹没（flood的三单）Floods: 洪水| 洪涝灾害| 年水灾68. special ['speʃ(ə)l]n. 特使，特派人员；特刊；特色菜；专车；特价商品adj. 特别的；专门的，专用的Special: 特别| 特殊| 特殊技69. dump [dʌmp]n. 垃圾场；仓库；无秩序地累积vt. 倾倒；倾卸；丢下，卸下；摆脱，扔弃；倾销vi. 倒垃圾；突然跌倒或落下；卸货；转嫁（责任等）n. （英）邓普（人名，男子教名Humphrey、Humphry的昵称）dump: 倾倒| 转储| 倾卸70. sitesn. 网站（site的复数）；遗址，举办地点v. 使...位于（site的单三形式）n. (Sites)人名；(英)赛茨sites: 网站| 站点| 府邸71. sanitary ['sænɪt(ə)rɪ]n. 公共厕所adj. 卫生的，清洁的sanitary: 卫生的| 清洁的| 卫浴72. transportation [trænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːns-]n. 运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放73. urban ['ɜːb(ə)n]adj. 城市的；住在都市的n. (Urban)人名；(西)乌尔万；(斯洛伐)乌尔班；(德、俄、罗、匈、塞、波、捷、瑞典、意)乌尔班；(英)厄本；(法)于尔邦urban: 城市的| 都市的| 市区的74. plannersn. 规划师；规划人员（planner的复数）；计划人员Planners: 规划师| 策划者| 计划人员75. strength [streŋθ; streŋkθ]n. 力量；力气；兵力；长处Strength: 力量| 优势| 力气76. engineerinengineerin: 工程造价| 轨道| 国家77. pipeline ['paɪplaɪn]n. 管道；输油管；传递途径pipeline: 管道| 流水线| 管线78. install [in'stɔ:l]vt. 安装；任命；安顿Install: 安装| 安置| 设置79. pressure ['preʃə]n. 压力；压迫，[物] 压强vt. 迫使；密封；使……增压pressure: 压力| 压强| 加压烧结80. ownersn. [工经] 业主（owner的复数）；[经] 所有者Owners: 车主| 业主| 联名业主81. community [kə'mjuːnɪtɪ]n. 社区；[生态] 群落；共同体；团体Community: 社区| 社会| 废柴联盟82. develop [dɪ'veləp]vi. 发育；生长；进化；显露vt. 开发；进步；使成长；使显影develop: 发展| 开发| 发挥83. photogrametryphotogrametry: 摄影测量84. engineering management[经管] 工程管理85. teaching ['tiːtʃɪŋ]n. 教学；教义v. 教学；教导（teach的ing形式）Teaching: 教学| 教导| 任教86. dweller ['dwelə]n. 居民，居住者87. dwell [dwel]vi. 居住；存在于；细想某事88. illumination [ɪ,ljuːmɪ'neɪʃən]n. 照明；[光] 照度；启发；灯饰（需用复数）；阐明89. column ['kɒləm]n. 纵队，列；专栏；圆柱，柱形物Column: 柱| 专栏| 栏90. compress [kəm'pres]vt. 压缩，压紧；精简vi. 受压缩小compress: 压缩| 敷布| 压紧91. fibrous ['faɪbrəs]adj. 纤维的，纤维性的；纤维状的fibrous: 纤维状的| 纤维的| 纤维体92. skeleton ['skelɪt(ə)n]n. 骨架，骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的人adj. 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的；概略的93. roof [ruːf]n. 屋顶；最高处，顶部；最高限度vt. 给…盖屋顶，覆盖n. (Roof)人名；(英)鲁夫roof: 屋顶| 车顶| 顶板94. cantilever ['kæntɪliːvə]n. 悬臂95. gothic ['ɡɔθik]n. 哥特式adj. 哥特式的；野蛮的GOTHIC: 哥特式| 哥特风格的| 哥德96. cathedrals教堂Cathedrals: 教堂| 大教堂| 教堂崖97. height [haɪt]n. 高地；高度；身高；顶点Height: 高度| 身高| 高98. width [wɪtθ; wɪdθ]n. 宽度；广度Width: 宽度| 仓库| 宽阔99. length [leŋθ]n. 长度，长；时间的长短；（语）音长Length: 长度| 衣长| 裤长100. breadth [bredθ; -t-]n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏breadth: 宽度| 幅度| 幅面101. 黄金分割[huáng jīn fēn gē]golden cut[数] golden section黄金分割: Golden Section | golden ratio | Golden cut 102. balustradesn. [建] 栏杆（balustrade的复数）；扶手装置103. doorway ['dɔːweɪ]n. 门口；途径doorway: 门口| 门道| 门前104. Colonnan. (Colonna)人名；(法、西、意、葡)科隆纳Colonna: 科隆纳| 再倡克罗娜| 纪念柱105. summit ['sʌmɪt]n. 顶点；最高级会议；最高阶层adj. 最高级的；政府首脑的106. perimeter [pə'rɪmɪtə]n. 周长；周界；[眼科] 视野计107. tender ['tendə]n. 偿付，清偿；看管人；小船adj. 温柔的；柔软的；脆弱的；幼稚的；难对付的vt. 提供，偿还；使…变嫩；是…变柔软vi. 投标；变柔软n. (Tender)人名；(罗、葡)滕德尔108. document ['dɒkjʊm(ə)nt]n. 文件，公文；[计] 文档；证件vt. 用文件证明109. contents ['kɒntents]n. 内容；[图情][计] 目录；要旨（content的复数）v. 使满意（content的三单形式）110. volume ['vɒljuːm]n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vt. 把…收集成卷vi. 成团卷起111. Instruction to TenderersInstruction to Tenderers: 投标者须知112. instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃ(ə)n]n. 指令，命令；指示；教导；用法说明113. appendix to tenderappendix to tender: 招标附录| 投标函附录| 投标书附录114. tender invitation邀请投标招标115. terms and conditions条款和条件；合同条款；费率表116. terms [tɜ:mz]n. 地位，关系；[法] 条款；术语；措辞；价钱（term的复数形式）v. 把…称为（term的三单形式）117. conditionsn. 条件（condition的复数）；情况v. 使习惯于；作为…的条件（condition的第三人称单数形式）118. adjustment [ə'dʒʌs(t)m(ə)nt]n. 调整，调节；调节器119. basic rate[通信][交] 基本运费率；[金融] 基本汇率120. proposed plant拟议的工厂121. proposed [prəu'pəuzd]adj. 被提议的；所推荐的v. 提议；计划（propose的过去式和过去分词）122. institutional areainstitutional area: 制度领域123. piling works打桩工程124. glazing ['gleɪzɪŋ]n. 上釉；玻璃装配业v. 上釉（glaze的ing形式）125. MEP worksMEP works: 机电工程126. external works外部工程127. External ServicesExternal Services: 外部服务| 对外服务| 外围服务128. landscape work庭园工程129. tender documents招标文件；提供证件；交单130. forming ['fɔːmɪŋ]n. 形成v. 形成（form的ing形式）131. Tender DrawingsTender Drawings: 投标图纸132. tender specifications投标规定133. specificationsn. 规格（specification的复数形式）；说明书134. LEEDabbr. 低能电子衍射（Low Energy Electron Diffraction）135. import [ɪm'pɔːt; 'ɪm-]n. 进口，进口货；输入；意思，含义；重要性vt. 输入，进口；含…的意思vi. 输入，进口136. severally and jointlyseverally and jointly: 个别及连带协议137. page [peɪdʒ]n. 页；记录；大事件，时期；男侍者vt. 给…标页码vi. 翻书页，浏览n. (Page)人名；(西)帕赫；(英)佩奇；(意)帕杰；(法)帕日138. schedulesn. 时间表；日程安排（schedule的复数形式）；待办事项v. 安排；预定；编制目录（schedule的三单形式）139. No claimsNo claims: 不予理赔140. ascertain [,æsə'teɪn]vt. 确定；查明；探知141. preliminariesn. 预赛；初期微震；正文前书页（preliminary的复数）142. tender submissiontender submission: 投标申请书| 投标建议书| 投标申请书;投标建议书143. the due datethe due date: 到期日144. stipulated instipulated in: 订购145. hard copy[计] 硬拷贝；复印件146. manner ['mænə]n. 方式；习惯；种类；规矩；风俗n. (Manner)人名；(德、芬、瑞典)曼纳147. private and confidential机密；保密148. alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv; ɒl-]n. 二中择一；供替代的选择adj. 供选择的；选择性的；交替的149. cost of tenderingcost of tendering: 投标价格150. bear [beə]n. 熊vi. 承受；结果实vt. 忍受；具有；支撑n. (Bear)人名；(英)贝尔151. site visits实地视察现场参观站点访问152. site [saɪt]n. 地点；位置；场所vt. 设置；为…选址153. investigationsn. 调查（investigation的复数）154. no case罪名不成立155. employer [ɪm'plɒɪə; em-]n. 雇主，老板156. The employerThe employer: 雇主| 业主| 用人单位157. amendmentsn. 修正（amendment的复数）；修正案158. tender pricingtender pricing: 投标报价159. pricing errorspricing errors: 定价误差160. tender security投标保证书161. tender validity投标的有效期162. valid ['vælɪd]adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的163. validity [və'lɪdɪtɪ]n. [计] 有效性；正确；正确性164. performance security履约担保；履约保证金165. ethical standards道德标准；伦理标准166. ethical ['eθɪk(ə)l]n. 处方药adj. 伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的167. confidentiality [,kɒnfɪ,denʃɪ'ælɪtɪ]n. 机密，[计] 机密性168. joint venture合资企业；[经管] 联合经营169. joint [dʒɒɪnt]n. 关节；接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉n. (Joint)人名；(法)茹安adj. 共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的vt. 连接，贴合；接合；使有接头vi. 贴合；生节170. venture ['ventʃə]n. 企业；风险；冒险n. (Venture)人名；(法)旺蒂尔vt. 敢于vi. 冒险；投机171. acknowledge [ək'nɒlɪdʒ]vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到172. commercial [kə'mɜːʃ(ə)l]n. 商业广告adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的commercial: 商业的| 商务的| 商业广告173. structures [st'rʌktʃəz]n. 结构；[建] 构筑物；业务方式（structure的复数）v. 建造（structure的第三人称单数形式）Structures: 结构| 业务方式| 结构体174. materials [mə'tɪərɪəlz]n. [材] 材料；材质（material的复数）；材料科学；材料费materials: 物料| 材质| 原材料175. asphalt ['æsfælt; -əlt]n. 沥青；柏油vt. 以沥青铺adj. 用柏油铺成的176. concrete ['kɒŋkriːt]adj. 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的vi. 凝结vt. 使凝固；用混凝土修筑n. 具体物；凝结物177. maintain [meɪn'teɪn; mən'teɪn]vt. 维持；继续；维修；主张；供养178. canalsn. [水运] 运河；隧道（canal的复数）n. (Canals)人名；(西、法)卡纳尔斯v. 在…开凿运河（canal的第三人称单数）Canals: 卡纳尔| 卡纳尔斯| 运河179. locksn. 锁；水闸；锁定器（lock的复数）v. 锁上；卡住；使紧密相连；紧抱住（lock的三单形式）Locks: 内核锁| 门锁装置| 锁具180. soilsn. [土壤] 土壤；泥土；滋生地（soil的复数）v. 弄脏；玷污；败坏（soil的第三人称单数）Soils: 土壤| 土| 土壤成分分析标准物质181. rocksv. 轻轻摇摆；发抖；演唱摇滚乐（rock的第三人称单数形式）n. [岩] 岩石，岩礁；岩石礁石（rock复数形式）n. (Rocks)人名；(英、德)罗克斯Rocks: 岩石类玩家| 岩石区| 岩石182. settlement ['set(ə)lm(ə)nt]n. 解决，处理；[会计] 结算；沉降；殖民183. hydroelectric [haɪdrəʊɪ'lektrɪk]adj. 水力发电的；水电治疗的184. properties ['prɒpətɪz]n. 性能；道具，内容（property的复数形式）185. slopesn. 倾斜，斜坡；[数] 斜率；山坡翱（slope的复数形式）186. fillsn. 填充物；乱纹（fill的复数）v. 填充（fill的第三人称单数形式）Fills: 加花| 填充| 网桥187. landfills填埋Landfills: 垃圾填埋| 垃圾填埋场| 垃圾埋填地188. sturdy ['stɜːdɪ]n. 羊晕倒病adj. 坚定的；强健的；健全的n. (Sturdy)人名；(英)斯特迪Sturdy: 彪悍| 强健的| 壮实189. tensile ['tensaɪl]adj. [力] 拉力的；可伸长的；可拉长的190. Tensile Strength[力] 抗张强度191. tensile shear strength192. tensile failure拉力毁坏；拉伸断裂193. deposit [dɪ'pɒzɪt]n. 存款；保证金；沉淀物vt. 使沉积；存放vi. 沉淀194. Earnest Money DepositEarnest Money Deposit: 定金195. earnest ['ɜːnɪst]n. 认真；定金；诚挚n. (Earnest)人名；(英)欧内斯特adj. 认真的，热心的；重要的196. nil [nɪl]n. 零；无；无价值的事物adj. 零的，无的，没有的；不存在的197. submittedv. 递交；主张；屈服（submit的过去分词）198. alleged [ə'ledʒd]v. 宣称（allege的过去式和过去分词）；断言adj. 所谓的；声称的；被断言的199. bidders投标人200. comprise [kəm'praɪz]vt. 包含；由…组成201. Luxury ApartmentsLuxury Apartments: 豪华公寓酒店| 高级公寓| 豪华公寓旅店202. Façaden. （法）建筑物正面；外观203. ID [ɪd]身份证件204. general conditions一般条件；一般条款；普通保险条款205. particular [pəˈtɪkjələ(r)]n. 详细说明；个别项目adj. 特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的206. appendices [ə'pendɪsiːz]n. 附件；阑尾；附加物；充气管（appendix的复数）207. content [kən'tent]n. 内容，目录；满足；容量n. (Content)人名；(法)孔唐adj. 满意的vt. 使满足208. institutional [ɪnstɪ'tjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l]adj. 制度的；制度上的；学会的209. attention [ə'tenʃ(ə)n]n. 注意力；关心；立正！（口令）210. stamped [stæmpt]v. 贴上邮票（stamp的过去式）；顿足adj. 铭刻的；盖上邮戳的；顿足的211. registration [redʒɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n]n. 登记；注册；挂号212. company registration公司登记213. attorney [ə'tɜːnɪ]n. 律师；代理人214. power of attorney委托书215. conform [kən'fɔːm]adj. 一致的；顺从的vi. 符合；遵照；适应环境vt. 使遵守；使一致；使顺从216. arithmetical [,æriθ'metikəl]adj. 算术的；算术上的217. discrepancy [dɪs'krep(ə)nsɪ]n. 不符；矛盾；相差218. contract ['kɒntrækt]n. 合同；婚约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短vi. 收缩；感染；订约219. void [vɒɪd]n. 空虚；空间；空隙n. (Void)人名；(俄)沃伊德adj. 空的；无效的；无人的vt. 使无效；排放220. contractual [kən'træktʃʊəl]adj. 契约的，合同的221. completed [kəm'plitɪd]v. 完成（complete的过去分词）adj. 完整的；完全的222. exception [ɪk'sepʃ(ə)n; ek-]n. 例外；异议223. sub-clause ['sʌbklɔ:z]n. 副条款224. TBDabbr. 旅游商务区tourism Business District；待定To Be Determined 225. completion of works完工；工程竣工226. structure ['strʌktʃə]n. 结构；构造；建筑物vt. 组织；构成；建造227. civil works土木工程；建筑工程228. defects notification perioddefects notification period: 缺陷通知期限| 缺陷通知期229. from [frɒm; frəm]prep. 来自，从；由于；今后n. (From)人名；(瑞典、丹、德)弗罗姆230. electronic transmission systemselectronic transmission systems: 电子传输系统| 电子传动系统231. transmission [trænz'mɪʃ(ə)n; trɑːnz-; -ns-]n. 传动装置，[机] 变速器；传递；传送；播送232. electronic [ɪlek'trɒnɪk; el-]adj. 电子的电子地233. applicable [ə'plɪkəb(ə)l; 'æplɪk-]adj. 可适用的；可应用的；合适的234. ruling languageruling language: 主导语言235. access ['ækses]n. 进入；使用权；通路vt. 使用；存取；接近236. item ['aɪtəm]n. 条款，项目；一则237. data ['deɪtə]n. 数据（datum的复数）；资料n. (Data)人名；(日)驮太(姓)；(印、葡)达塔238. contractors ['kɑntræktɚ]n. [经] 承包商；[法] 立约人；合约商（contractor的复数）239. statutory regulations法令规定240. damagesn. 损害赔偿（damage的复数）；伤害v. 伤害；毁坏（damage的第三人称单数）241. delay damages延迟损失242. The contract priceThe contract price: 合同价格| 合同价款| 合同总价243. total advance paymenttotal advance payment: 总预付款| 预付款总额| 总预付款项244. excluding [ɪk'skluːdɪŋ]prep. 将……排除在外；不包括……v. 排除；除外；拒绝（exclude的ing形式）245. provisional [prə'vɪʒ(ə)n(ə)l]n. 临时邮票adj. 临时的，暂时的；暂定的246. timing ['taɪmɪŋ]n. 定时；调速；时间选择v. 为…安排时间；测定…的时间（time的ing形式）247. installmentsn. [会计] 分期付款（installment的复数形式）248. pertaining [pɜː'teɪnɪŋ]n. 关于（pertain的ing形式）adj. 附属的；与…有关的249. currenciesn. 货币；货币流通（currency的复数）250. proportions [prə'pɔ:ʃəns]n. [数] 比例；大小（proportion的复数形式）251. advance payment[会计] 预付款252. repayment [riː'peɪm(ə)nt; rɪ'peɪm(ə)nt]n. 偿还；[金融] 付还253. amortisation [ə,mɔːtaɪ'zeɪʃən]n. 摊还；阻尼；分期偿还254. cumulative ['kjuːmjʊlətɪv]adj. 累积的255. respective [rɪ'spektɪv]adj. 分别的，各自的256. percentage of retentionpercentage of retention: 保留的百分比| 正在翻译257. retention [rɪ'tenʃ(ə)n]n. 保留；扣留，滞留；记忆力；闭尿258. not applicable不适用，不适用的259. shipped [ʃipt]v. 装船（ship的过去分词）；发货adj. 装船的260. deliveredv. 递送（deliver的过去分词）adj. 业已交货；已递送，已投递261. evidence of insuranceevidence of insurance: 保险的证据| 证据的保险262. relevant policiesrelevant policies: 相关政策| 出台相关政策| 政策突破263. evidence ['evɪd(ə)ns]n. 证据，证明；迹象；明显vt. 证明264. Third Party CoverThird Party Cover: 保险265. third party第三方266. appointed [ə'pɒɪntɪd]v. 任命；指定；约定时间，地点（appoint 的过去分词形式）adj. 约定的，指定的267. dab [dæb]n. 轻拍；少量；熟手；比目鱼n. (Dab)人名；(法)达布v. 轻拍；涂；轻擦；轻敷（过去式dabbed，过去分词dabbed，现在分词dabbing，第三人称单数dabs）268. appointment [ə'pɒɪntm(ə)nt]n. 任命；约定；任命的职位269. revision [rɪ'vɪʒ(ə)n]n. [印刷] 修正；复习；修订本270. be governed by取决于，以…为转移271. amended [ə'mendid]v. 修订；改进（amend的过去分词）adj. 修正的272. amended by修正文；被修正273. general provisions总则274. provisions [prə'viʒn]n. 规定（provision的复数）；食品；预备v. 供应补给品；供应粮食（provision的三单形式）275. clause [klɔːz]n. 条款；[计] 子句n. (Clause)人名；(法)克洛斯276. specialist contractor专业承包商277. various specializedvarious specialized: 各个专业278. contractor [kən'træktə]n. 承包人；立契约者279. nominatedadj. 被提名的；被任命的v. 提名；任命（nominate的过去分词）280. sub-contractor [,sʌb,kɔntræktə]n. 分包商281. STAFF AND LABOURSTAFF AND LABOUR: 员工| 职员与劳工282. workmanship ['wɜːkmənʃɪp]n. 手艺，工艺；技巧283. commencement [kə'mensm(ə)nt]n. 开始，发端；毕业典礼284. delaysn. 延迟；延期（delay的复数）v. 延误（delay的单数第三人称）；推迟285. suspension [sə'spenʃ(ə)n]n. 悬浮；暂停；停职286. Taking Over掌握（歌曲名）287. defects liability缺陷责任288. defects [dɪ'fekts]n. 缺点；瑕疵；不合格品（defect的复数）v. 叛变（defect的三单形式）289. liability [laɪə'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 责任；债务；倾向290. measurement and evaluation测量与评价291. evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn]n. 评价；[审计] 评估；估价；求值292. measurement ['meʒəm(ə)nt]n. 测量；[计量] 度量；尺寸；量度制293. VARIATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTSVARIATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS: 变更和调整294. variations [,veəri:'eiʃənz]n. 变奏曲，变更；[生物] 变种（variation的复数形式）295. adjustmentsn. 调整，调整数（adjustment复数形式）296. conditions of contract合同条件；[法] 契约条件297. SUSPENSION AND TERMINATION BY CONTRACTORSUSPENSION AND TERMINATION BY CONTRACTOR: 由承包商暂停和中止298. termination [tɜːmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 结束，终止299. responsibility [rɪ,spɒnsɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 责任，职责；义务300. force majeure [,fɔ:smɑ:'dʒɔiə][保险] 不可抗力301. arbitration [ɑːbɪ'treɪʃ(ə)n]n. 公断，仲裁302. executedadj. 已执行的；已生效的v. 履行（execute的过去分词）303. accordance [ə'kɔːd(ə)ns]n. 一致；和谐304. in accordance with依照；与…一致305. specification [,spesɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 规格；说明书；详述306. orders ['ɔːdərs]n. 订单；[军] 命令；决议；整齐；勋章（order的复数形式）n. (Orders)人名；(英)奥德斯v. [军] 命令；调整（order的第三人称单数形式）307. drawings ['drɔːɪŋz]n. 图纸；图示；提用，[金融] 提款（drawing的复数）308. majeure [mæ'ʒɜ:]n. 无可抗拒的力量；压倒的力量309. disputesn. 争论（dispute的复数）v. 争论（dispute的单数第三人称）310. claim [kleɪm]n. 要求；声称；索赔；断言；值得vt. 要求；声称；需要；认领vi. 提出要求311. insert [ɪn'sɜːt]n. 插入物vt. 插入；嵌入312. issued by由…签发；由…发行313. mounted ['maʊntɪd]adj. 骑马的；安装好的；裱好的v. 安装（mount的过去式和过去分词）；爬上；骑上314. devicesn. [机][计] 设备；[机] 装置；[电子] 器件（device的复数）315. Equipment tagEquipment tag: 设备标记316. duplex receptacle双工插座317. duplex ['djuːpleks]n. 双工；占两层楼的公寓套房n. (Duplex)人名；(法)迪普莱adj. 二倍的，双重的318. receptacle [rɪ'septək(ə)l]n. [植] 花托；容器；插座319. QuadraplexQuadraplex: 唱片名320. thermostat ['θɜːməstæt]n. 恒温器；自动调温器vt. 为…配备恒温器；用恒温器控制321. rack [ræk]n. [机] 齿条；行李架；拷问台n. (Rack)人名；(法、德、意、匈)拉克vt. 折磨；榨取vi. 变形；随风飘；小步跑322. demountable [di:'mauntəbl]adj. 可拆卸的；可分离的323. partition [pɑː'tɪʃ(ə)n]n. 划分，分开；[数] 分割；隔墙；隔离物vt. [数] 分割；分隔；区分324. demountable partition可拆式隔断；灵活隔断325. twist [twɪst]n. 扭曲；拧；扭伤n. (Twist)人名；(英)特威斯特vt. 捻；拧；扭伤；编织；使苦恼vi. 扭动；弯曲326. outlet ['aʊtlet]n. 出口，排放孔；[电] 电源插座；销路；发泄的方法；批发商店327. occupancy ['ɒkjəpənsɪ]n. 居住；占有；占用328. sensor ['sensə]n. 传感器329. plug [plʌg]n. 插头；塞子；栓vt. 插入；塞住；接插头vi. 塞住；用插头将与电源接通330. WiremoldWiremold: 线模公司331. conduit ['kɒndjʊɪt; 'kɒndɪt]n. [电] 导管；沟渠；导水管332. fused [fju:zd]adj. [物] 熔化的，[化学] 熔凝的；装有保险丝的v. 混合；熔解（fuse的过去分词）333. disconnect [dɪskə'nekt]vt. 拆开，使分离vi. 断开334. switch [swɪtʃ]n. 开关；转换；鞭子vt. 转换；用鞭子等抽打vi. 转换；抽打；换防335. MEP [,em i: 'pi:]abbr. 平均有效压力（ean Effective Pressure）；工程实践手册（Manuals of Engineering Practice）336. glass [glɑːs]n. 玻璃；玻璃制品；镜子n. (Glass)人名；(英、法、德、意)格拉斯vt. 反映；给某物加玻璃vi. 成玻璃状337. masonry ['meɪs(ə)nrɪ]n. 石工；石工行业；石造建筑338. coursing ['kɔːsɪŋ]n. 追赶；奔驰；携带猎犬狩猎v. 跑过；追逐；指引航线（course的ing形式）339. wood [wʊd]n. 木材；木制品；树林n. (Wood)人名；(英、法、西、葡、阿拉伯)伍德vt. 植林于；给…添加木柴vi. 收集木材340. veneer [vɪ'nɪə]n. 外表；虚饰；饰面；胶合板的一层；薄木片vt. 胶合；虚饰；给…镶以饰片341. plastic laminate层压塑料342. laminate ['læmɪneɪt]n. 薄片制品；层压制件vt. 将锻压成薄片；分成薄片vi. 分成薄片343. indications [,indi'keiʃənz]n. 适应症，显示；标志（indication复数形式）344. acoustical [ə'kuːstɪkəl]adj. [声] 声学的；听觉的；音响的345. ceiling ['siːlɪŋ]n. 天花板；上限346. tile [taɪl]n. 瓷砖，瓦片n. (Tile)人名；(俄、塞、萨摩)蒂勒vt. 铺以瓦；铺以瓷砖347. aluminum [əˈluːmɪnəm]n. 铝348. finish ['fɪnɪʃ]n. 结束；完美；回味（葡萄酒）vt. 完成；结束；用完vi. 结束，终止；终结349. special finish特种处理，特种加工350. floor finish地板的刷油；楼面成就；地面终饰；地板装修351. wall finish墙面装修352. Base FinishBase Finish: 基地完成353. extent of finishextent of finish: 加工范围354. extent [ɪk'stent; ek-]n. 程度；范围；长度355. continuous membercontinuous member: 连续构材| 连续构件356. grout [graʊt]n. 水泥浆；薄浆n. (Grout)人名；(法)格鲁；(英)格劳特vt. 灌浆；用薄泥浆填塞357. sand [sænd]n. 沙；沙地；沙洲；沙滩；沙子n. (Sand)人名；(英、德、意、芬、罗、捷、挪)桑德；(瑞典)桑德；(法)桑vt. 撒沙于；以沙掩盖；用砂纸等擦平或磨光某物；使撒沙似地布满；给…掺沙子vi. 被沙堵塞358. pre-cast ['pri:ka:st]adj. 预制的；（指混凝土）预先浇铸的359. plywood ['plaɪwʊd]n. 夹板，胶合板360. wood veneer薄木片361. Section indicationsSection indications: 剖宫产率362. section ['sekʃ(ə)n]n. 截面；部门；地区；章节vt. 把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分363. carpet ['kɑːpɪt]n. 地毯；地毯状覆盖物n. (Carpet)人名；(罗)卡尔佩特vt. 在…上铺地毯，把地毯铺在…上；斥责364. concrete masonry unitconcrete masonry unit: 混凝土砌块| 混凝土砌筑构件365. masonry unitmasonry unit: 砌块| 块体材料| 砌体单元366. cutstonecutstone: 琢石367. wrapped [ræpt]adj. 有包装的v. 包裹；覆盖（wrap的过去分词）368. gravel ['græv(ə)l]n. 碎石；砂砾n. (Gravel)人名；(英、法、西)格拉韦尔vt. 用碎石铺；使船搁浅在沙滩上；使困惑369. gypsum board[建] 石膏板370. insulation [ɪnsjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n]n. 绝缘；隔离，孤立371. batt [bæt]n. 棉絮；油页n. (Batt)人名；(英、法、德、瑞典)巴特372. metal ['met(ə)l]n. 金属；合金n. (Metal)人名；(捷)梅塔尔；(瑞典)梅塔尔adj. 金属制的vt. 以金属覆盖373. plaster ['plɑːstə]n. 石膏；灰泥；膏药n. (Plaster)人名；(英、德)普拉斯特vt. 减轻；粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药；使平服374. lath [lɑːθ; læθ]n. 板条；瘦人n. (Lath)人名；(老)拉vt. 给…钉板条375. construction [kən'strʌkʃ(ə)n]n. 建设；建筑物；解释；造句376. column grid柱网377. grid [grɪd]n. 网格；格子，栅格；输电网378. New partitionNew partition: 新的分区| 选择为新磁盘| 新分区379. reference ['ref(ə)r(ə)ns]n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书vt. 引用vi. 引用380. primary ['praɪm(ə)rɪ]n. 原色；最主要者adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的381. scope of work工作范围382. datum point[测] 基准点383. detail ['diːteɪl]n. 细节，详情vt. 详述；选派vi. 画详图384. Reflected CeilingReflected Ceiling: 吊顶设计385. accessory [ək'ses(ə)rɪ]n. 配件；附件；[法] 从犯adj. 副的；同谋的；附属的386. above [ə'bʌv]n. 上文prep. 超过；在……上面；在……之上adj. 上文的adv. 在上面；在上文387. refer to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于388. voltage ['vəʊltɪdʒ; 'vɒltɪdʒ]n. [电] 电压389. electrical junctionelectrical junction: 电学结| 电接点390. junction box[电] 接线盒；[电] 分线盒391. electrical junction boxelectrical junction box: 接线盒| 电接线箱392. instant ['ɪnst(ə)nt]n. 瞬间；立即；片刻adj. 立即的；紧急的；紧迫的393. low [ləʊ]n. 低；低价；低点；牛叫声n. (Low)人名；(英、德)洛adj. 低的，浅的；卑贱的；粗俗的；消沉的adv. 低声地；谦卑地，低下地vi. 牛叫394. Cable TVn. 电缆电视；有线电视（等于cable television）395. A/Vabbr. 按价（ad valorem）；音频/视频（audio/video）396. voice [vɒɪs]n. 声音；嗓音；发言权；愿望vt. 表达；吐露397. rigid ['rɪdʒɪd]adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的398. fabric ['fæbrɪk]n. 织物；布；组织；构造；建筑物399. secondary ['sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ]n. 副手；代理人adj. 第二的；中等的；次要的；中级的400. path [pɑːθ]n. 道路；小路；轨道401. align [ə'laɪn]vt. 使结盟；使成一行；匹配vi. 排列；排成一行402. spec [spek]n. 投机；说明书；细则403. Revision ReferenceRevision Reference: 修正参考404. direction [dəˈrekʃn]n. 方向；指导；趋势；用法说明405. millwork ['mɪlwɜːk]n. 水车机械；磨光工作406. wall type（墙）壁式；墙上的，墙式的407. reference number参考号408. section symbolsection symbol: 剖面符号409. reflected [rɪ'flektɪd]adj. 反射的；得自他人的v. 反射；思考（reflect的过去式和过去分词）410. ceiling mounted安装在顶棚上的411. sprinkler head洒水装置的莲蓬头412. warden ['wɔːd(ə)n]n. 区长；看守人；典狱官；学监n. (Warden)人名；(德、瑞典)瓦尔登；(英)沃登413. strobe [strəʊb]n. 闸门；闪光灯；频闪观测器n. (Strobe)人名；(英)斯特罗布adj. 频闪的（等于stroboscopic）vi. 闪光414. speaker ['spiːkə]n. 演讲者；扬声器；说话者；说某种语言的人n. (Speaker)人名；(英)斯皮克415. firefighter ['faɪəfaɪtə]n. 消防队员。
土建专业英文解析
混凝土成分concrete composition混凝土稠度concrete consistence混凝土构造物concrete construction混凝土输送管concrete conveying pipe混凝土空心板concrete core slab混凝土养护concrete curing混凝土切断机concrete cutting machine混凝土坝concrete dam浇注混凝土concrete deposit混凝土混合料离析concrete desintegration混凝土分配器concrete dispenser混凝土整面机concrete finishing machine混凝土底板concrete floor放射线屏蔽用混凝土concrete for radioactive ray shielding 浇混凝土用模板concrete form混凝土基础块concrete foundation block混凝土构架concrete frame混凝土梁式桥concrete girder bridge混凝土格床concrete grillage混凝土浆concrete grout混凝土灌浆机concrete grouter混凝土喷枪concrete gun混凝土硬化concrete hardening混凝土空心砌块concrete hollow block大体积混凝土concrete in mass水中混凝土concrete in water混凝土工业concrete industry混凝土联锁瓦concrete interlocking tile混凝土接缝封塞料concrete joint sealing compound混凝土试验室concrete laboratory混凝土层concrete layer混凝土摊铺机concrete laying machine混凝土整平层concrete levelling course混凝土照鸣concrete lighting columm混凝土拌合料的振动concrete mix vibration运货汽车混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer on truck混凝土振动搅拌机concrete mixer with vibrating blades 混凝土搅拌concrete mixing混凝土混合料concrete mixture混凝土灰浆concrete mortar混凝土模板用油concrete mould oil混凝土钉concrete nail干稠度混凝土concrete of dry consistency早强混凝土concrete of high early strength等稠度混凝土concrete of one consistency干硬性混凝土concrete of stiff consistency混凝土涂料concrete paint混凝土路面修补concrete patching混凝土面层concrete pavement混凝土路面摊铺机concrete pavement spreader 混凝土铺路机concrete paver混凝土桩帽concrete pile follower混凝土桩基础concrete pile foundation混凝土排桩concrete piling混凝土浇注机concrete placer混凝土塑化剂concrete plasticiser混凝土准备设施concrete preparing equment混凝土制品concrete products混凝土工程进度表concrete progress chart混凝土泵送concrete pumping混凝土防辐射罩concrete radiation shield混凝土反应堆护罩concrete reactor shield混凝土钢筋concrete reinforcement混凝土钢筋笼concrete reinforcing cage耐气侯混凝土concrete resistant to weather混凝土道路concrete road混凝土屋顶concrete roof混凝土屋顶板concrete roof deck混凝土锯concrete saw混凝土凝固concrete setting混凝土收缩concrete shrinkage混凝土骨架concrete skeleton混凝土喷洒concrete spraying钢筋混凝土建筑物concrete steel building混凝土石concrete stone混凝土立方体试块concrete test cube混凝土纹理concrete texture混凝土瓦concrete tile混凝土运送机concrete transporter混凝土混合料输送车concrete truck混凝土格子板concrete waffle slab混凝土防水剂concrete waterproofer碎石混凝土concrete with crushed stone蜂窝状混凝土concrete with honeycombed spots 混凝土工程concrete work混凝土工concrete worker浇注混凝土起重机臂concreting boom混凝土工奏concreting gang冻期灌筑混凝土concreting in freezing weather分层灌筑混凝土concreting in lifts现场灌筑混凝土concreting in site混凝土施工设备concreting outfit混凝土浇筑用纸concreting paper混凝土浇注次序concreting sequence 混凝土吊斗concreting sk混凝土浇灌塔concreting tower混凝土列车concreting train冷凝水管路condensate line凝结水泵condensate pump凝结水回收管condensate return pe 凝汽筒condensate trap凝结condensation冷凝水槽condensation tank冷凝器condenser冷凝压力condensing pressure冷凝装置condensing unit契约条例condition of contract不稳定性条件condition of instability 劳动条件condition of labor负载情况condition of loading空气第空间conditioned space第器conditioner第conditioning曝光条件conditions of exposure 导体conductor水路conduit圆锥cone圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer 锥形薄壳cone shell锥体试验cone test受压水confined water圆锥形屋盖conical broach roof 共轭梁conjugate beam共轭水深conjugate depths结合conjugation连接螺栓connecting bolt22 楼Date: 2008-06-25 07:55:38可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复连接钢筋connecting reinforcement接头connection连接尺寸connection dimension劈锥曲面壳conoidal shell守恒conservation稠度consistance稠度指数consistency index混凝土稠度试验consistency test of concrete稠度计consistometer固结灌浆consolidation grouting固结仪consolidation test apparatus等截面柱constant dimension column施工程序表construction schedule建筑规范construction specifications建筑用钢construction steel建筑施工监督管理机构construction supervising authority 建筑施工方法construction techniques建筑工艺学construction technology建筑理论construction theory施工容许误差construction tolerances工程运输列车construction train有执照建筑construction under licence构造混凝土constructional concrete建筑缺点constructional defect构造详图constructional detail建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑计划constructional project施工人员constructor构造用涂料construuction paint施工缝constuction joint建筑载荷constuction loads用户煤气管道consumer gas ping消费曲线consumption curve接触曝气池contact aerator接触表面contact area接触滤床contact bed接触过滤contact filtration接触絮凝搅拌器contact flocculator接触压力contact pressure无触点传感器contactless pick up反应堆的外壳结构containment structure 捣土建筑物contbeat cob construction 意外费用总额contingency sum连续性continuity连续性方程continuity equation连续矩continuity moment连续计量器continuous batcher多跨连续梁continuous beam on many supports 连续浇筑混凝土continuous concrete连续灌筑混凝土continuous concreting连续施工法continuous construction连续性开裂continuous cracking连续怜曝气槽continuous flow aeration tank连续怜沉淀槽continuous flow settling basin连续基础continuous foundation连续梁桥continuous girder bridge连续级配continuous grading连续拌合装置continuous mix plant连续搅拌机continuous mixer连续式配料设备continuous proportioning plant连续板continuous slab连续流continuous stream连续结构continuous structure连续悬梁continuous suspension girder连续式浓缩器continuous thickener连续焊continuous welding连续级配骨料continuously graded aggregate连续配筋的混凝土continuously reinforced concrete围线排水contour drainage承包合同contract agreement合同条件contract condition发包工程contract construction合同文件contract documents承包管理者contract manager合同价格contract price契约技术条件contract specifications控制酌control action等室control building控制舱control cabinet混凝土质量管理control of concrete quality校核试验control test受控条件controlled condition控制的行人横道controlled pedestrian crossing 可胆风controlled ventilation对寥convected heat对寥传达convection heat transfer对两供热convection heating对寥交换convective heat exchange锯材converted timber可交替附件convertible attachments床椅两用长沙发convertible couch凸面convex camber凸状瓦convex tile输水建筑物conveyance structure传送带conveyor带式戽斗搬运设备conveyor type bucket loader 厨房cookhouse冷却剂coolant冷却空气cooling air降温及栎暖cooling and heating供冷供热装置cooling and heating unit冷却弃cooling apparatus冷却盘管cooling coil排管蒸发器cooling grid冷却负载cooling load冷却池cooling pond冷却能力cooling power冷却塔cooling tower冷却塔罩cooling tower packing坐标轴coordinate axes坐标coordinates坐标示图coordination drawing复制装置copying mechanism支架corbel piece挑砖corbelling绳索cord中心地区core area岩芯钻core drill柱芯子core of column截面核心core of section心墙core wall心墙坝core wall dam软木cork墙角护条corner bead墙角柜corner cabinet角凿corner chisel隅角柱corner column角柱corner post隅角抹子corner trowel走廊形房屋corridor type block of flats防锈掺会料corrosion inhibiting admixture 卷曲钢纤维corrugate steel fibers波状铝板corrugated aluminium波状石棉水泥板corrugated asbestos波纹齿环corrugated toothed ring成本计算cost account有经济效益的设计cost efficient design施工材料费用cost of construction materials23 楼Date: 2008-06-25 07:57:33可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复建筑施工费cost of construction work合同费用cost of contract设计费用cost of design工程的装配施工费cost of erecting work of construction 七费cost of furniture劳动工资费cost of labour养护费cost of maintenance材料费cost of materials运转费cost of operation生产成本cost of production运输费cost of transportation维持费cost of upkeep单价cost per unit棉织带cotton tape睡椅couch副斜杆counter交叉撑counter brace吊平顶counter ceiling逆两拌合机counter current mixer泛水帽盖counter flashing粗地板counter floor逆两热交换器counter flow heat exchange计算机构counter mechanism交叉斜撑counterbracing逆龄却塔counterflow cooling tower后扶垛坝counterfort dam后扶垛式发电厂counterfort type powerhouse 扶壁式围墙土墙counterforted retaining wall 竖旋吊桥counterpoise bridge逆斜度counterslope郊区住宅country house农村居住区规划country planning农村道路country road力偶couple闭合式对偶屋顶couple close roof对椽屋顶couple roof成双屋顶结构couple roof construction 耦合器coupler联接器coupling对角砌砖层course of diagonal bricks 丁砖层course of headers成层的砌砖coursed brickwork成层砌体coursed masonry成层铺面coursed pavement成行缝coursing joint庭院court法院court building凹圆形天棚照明cove lighting盖子cover保护层厚测定仪cover meter盖板cover plate瓦片屋面covering in scale tiles覆盖灰浆covering mortar道路铺面covering of roadway盖面护墙板covering panel盖面石板瓦covering slate盖面瓷砖covering tile牛栏cow house起重绞车crab裂绞控制crack control裂缝形成crack formation裂纹图形crack pattern裂缝宽度crack width裂开cracking开裂极限状态cracking limit state 开裂力矩cracking moment壁钩crampet起重机梁crane beam起重机吊架crane boom起重机安装crane erection起重机吊钩crane hook吊车荷载crane load起重机轨道crane runway手摇钻crank brace安全护拦crash barrier窄小空间crawl space覆带起重机crawler crane覆带挖土机crawler excavator履带式打桩装置crawler mounted piling rig 窄小通道crawlway裂纹craze托儿所creche蠕变系数creep coefficient蠕变线creep line混凝土蠕变creep of concrete蠕变率creep rate蠕变试验creep test门窗长插销cremorne bolt框形物crib木龙围堰crib cofferdam木龙填石坝crib dam筛cribble十字形斜撑criss cross diagonals纵向弯曲准则criterion of buckling临界纵向弯曲载荷critical buckling load临界密度critical density临界流critical flow临界水头critical head临界高度critical height临界水力陡度critical hydraulic gradient临界极限状态critical limit state临界载荷设计法critical load design 临界力矩critical moment临界压力critical pressure临界坡度critical slope临界孔隙率critical void ratio钩crook四通管cross横撑cross arm横杆吊索cross bar sling横向弯曲cross bending横向支撑cross binding交叉砌合cross bond横向联接cross connection横割锯cross cut saw横向坡cross fall交叉流cross flow横向力cross force横撑架cross frame字形蝶铰cross garnet butt t十字铁cross iron横缝cross joint横钢筋cross reinforcement十字路cross road廉横截面cross section of stream横截面尺寸cross sectional dimensions 24 楼Date: 2008-06-25 07:59:14可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复十字形截面柱cross shaped column人行横道cross walk横墙cross wall横墙构造cross wall construction交叉道路cross way横盖缝条cross welt交叉钢筋cross wise reinforcement撬杆crow bar拱顶铰crown hinge顶点标高crown level拱顶crown of arch坩埚钢crucible steel十字形交叉路cruciform cross生污水crude sewage原焦油crude tar碎骨料crushed aggregate粉碎的混凝土crushed concrete碎砾石crushed gravel碎石块底盘crushed stone base course碎石灰尘crusher dust未筛碎石crusher run stone压碎crushing破碎节选装置crushing and grading plant压碎试验crushing test立方体压碎强度cube crushing strength立方体冲豢度cube impact strength方块造型cube mould二十八天龄方块强度cube strength of 28 days 立方体强度试验cube strength test容积应变cubic strain容积量cubical content体积膨胀cubical dilatation有棱角颗粒骨料cubicle aggregate体积测量cubing累积径龙线cumulative runoff diagram方头螺栓cup square bolt碗柜cupboard圆屋顶cupola穹顶坝cupola dam路缘curb固化剂curing agent养护毯子curing blanket养生开裂curing cracking养护用薄膜curing membrane养护周期curing period养护温度curing temperature翘曲并开裂curling cracking电流流current水链态current regime窗帘curtain幕墙结构curtain wall construction曲率curvature最大弯矩曲线curve of maximum bending moments 曲线描绘仪curve plotter曲梁curved beam曲线桥curved bridge曲线curved line曲面石料curved stone曲面curved surface缓冲层cushion coat软垫层cushion course定制模板custom built forms泌工艺cut and cover technique稀释沥青cut back asphalt屋顶台地cut roof无门坎门cut through door截璃cutoff valve切断机cutting off machine自行车道cycle path多次重复酌cyclic action周期载荷状态cyclic load regime周期应变cyclic strains乱石cyclopean aggregate巨型毛石方块cyclopean block毛石混凝土cyclopean concrete毛石砌筑cyclopean rubble masonry 蛮石砌体壁cyclopic wall沉井cylinder caisson管状沉箱基础cylinder caisson foundation 混凝土圆柱试件cylinder of concrete管柱基础cylinder pile foundation圆筒状壳体cylinder shell圆筒形围堤cylindrical cofferdam圆筒形水闸cylindrical sluice gate圆筒形储罐cylindrical tank25 楼Date: 2008-06-25 08:00:39可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复形裂纹 d cracking d灰浆饼块dabbed mortar昼夜第池daily pondage basin装饰板材dalle坝dam坝体dam body坝混凝土dam concrete堤坝工程dam construction水坝取水口dam intake水坝排水闸dam outlet坝址dam site挡起dam up筑坝damming防潮damp proofing减震能力damping capacity吸音材料damping material混凝土弄湿damping of concrete舞厅dance hall危险断面dangerous section刮板抹子darby浇泼涂层dash coat资料data实际竣工日期date of substantial completion 石面凿毛daubing天日day日产量day output昼夜供给蓄水池day supply reservoir每日现场检查day to day site supervision日光daylight日光照檬daylight factor昼光照明daylight illumination天然采光面积daylighting area直接照明ddirect lighting假门dead door终端锚dead end anchor固定静负荷挠曲dead load deflection挡墙dead wall死水空间dead water space自重dead weight死窗dead window分支deadleg锚定桩deadman真空混凝土deaerated concrete除气deaeration脱灰deashing拦砂坝debris dam衰减;腐败decay拆除模架decentering分散排水系统decentralized sewage system 上路桥deck bridge屋顶面钢夹deck cl桥面构筑框架deck framing上承式大梁deck girder铺板标高deck level上承结构deck structure上承式桁架deck truss结合破坏decohesion脱色剂decolorizing agent降压室decompression chamber 去污系数decontamination factor 装饰砌块decorative blck装饰砌合法decorative bond装饰设计decorative design装饰玻璃decorative glass装饰涂料decorative paint装饰肋decorative rib装饰者decorator除尘dedusting壁梁deep beam深水段水门deep gate底部闸门deep sluice深井泵deep well pump防御物defence国防工程defence construction挠曲钢筋束deflected tendon挠度计deflectometer变形性deformability变形测定计deformability meter变形deformation每单位长度变形deformation per unit of length 变形钢筋deformed bars溶解defrosting退降degradation去油脂degreasing度degree日degree day 度老化程度degree of aging压实度degree of compaction压缩度degree of compression污染程度degree of contamination不燃性程度degree of incombustibility净化度degree of purification安全度degree of safety泡胀度degree of swelling干燥dehumidification减湿能力dehumidifying capacity防结冰剂deicer延迟delay迟发雷管delay action detonator延迟介质delay medium精确蝶delicate adjustment杨程高delivery head输出软管delivery hose输送压力水头delivery pressure head需要demand峰值需要量demand pattern拆毁demolition拆毁工作demolition work脱模demoulding灵活隔断demountable partition密实骨料dense aggregate密实石碴混凝土dense ballast concrete浸灌防腐剂的木材densified impregnated wood 密度控制density control除臭deodorization部department粉石齿面depeter磕曲线depletion curve浇管depositing淤积地区depositing site平坦拱depressed arch降落曲线depression curve梁高度depth of beam建筑物高度depth of building压实分层厚度depth of compacted layer 排泄深度depth of drainage基础深度depth of foundation冻结深度depth of frost penetration粉刷层厚度depth of plastering径令度depth of runoff截面高度depth of section桁架高度depth of truss高与跨度比depth to span ratio水深临关系曲线depth velocity curve导出derivation引水道隧洞derivation tunnel德立克吊derrick改变起重臂倾角derricking干燥剂desiccant图样design设计通行能力design capacity设计合同design contract设计坝顶标高design crest level设计标准design criteria设计资料design data设计方案design decision设计图试制阶段design development phase设计量design discharge设计文件design document设计特点design feature设计适应性design flexibility计算公式design formulas设计原则design fundamentals设计坡度design grade设计水头design head计算热耗design heat loss设计限制design limitations计算力矩design moment模壳设计design of form配合比设计design of mix proportion生产构造物设计design of production structure 修复设计design of repair断面设计design of section地下构造物设计design of underground structure 设计室design office设计最优化design optimization设计机关design organ绘图纸design paper26 楼Date: 2008-06-25 13:14:58可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复设计参数design parameters设计基准期design reference period设计状况design situation设计温度地图design temperature map计算极限载荷design ultimate load设计能力designed output设计designing设计院designing institute清淤desilting独立烟囱detached chimney独立式车库detached garage详细detail详图detail drawing零件细目表detail sheet细部计划detailed plan绘制详图detailing蓄洪水库detention basin蓄洪坝detention dam沉砂池detritor发展development张拉区间粘着应力development bond stress 传达长度development length开拓工作development works施加预应力装置device for prestressing铺沥青路面加热器devil带钉抹子devil float露dew露点dew point排水系数dewatering coefficient排水装置dewatering installation凹地排水dewatering of excavation 露点温度dewpoint temperature斜杆diagonal对角钢筋带diagonal band对角砌合diagonal bond对角撑diagonal brace对角裂缝diagonal crack受压斜杆diagonal in compression受拉斜杆diagonal in tension斜拉杆diagonal member斜角覆盖层diagonal sheathing斜拉应力diagonal tensile stress简图diagrammatic drawing斜肋楼板diagrid floor直径diameter劈裂试验diametral compression test 菱形筛孔diamond mesh隔膜泵diaphragm pump薄膜阀diaphragm valve硅藻土砖diatomaceous brick硅藻土滤池diatomite filter硅酸二钙dicalcium silicate热反应涂料dicating paint差动压力differential pressure差动压调differential pressure controller 差动式倒水箱differential surge tank散光照描备diffuse light luminaire扩散空气曝气diffused air aeration扩散空气装置diffused air device扩散式空气补充diffused air supply散光照明diffused illumination漫射光diffused light扩散器diffuser扩散板diffuser plate化污池digestion tank挖土铲斗digging bucket挖掘深度digging depth挖掘半径digging radius堤坝决口dike breach护堤dike dam破烂建筑物dilapidated building伸缩缝dilatation joint稀释剂diluent尺寸线dimension line标准尺寸木材dimension lumber有尺度的图dimensional drawing尺寸稳定性dimensional stability硅石砖dinas brick小餐室dinette勾缝dinging厨房餐间dining kitchen食堂dining room铲斗dper直接空气供热系统direct air heating system 27 楼Date: 2008-06-25 13:16:49可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复直接倾倒direct dumping直接电气养护direct electric curing顺廉加热器direct flow water heater天然基础direct foundation直接供热direct heating直接热水系统direct hot water system 直射光照描备direct light luminaire直接应力direct stress直射阳光direct sunlight直接系统direct system下坡方向direction of fall解体disassembly圆盘disc过水断面面积discharge area泄水渠discharge canal排泄能力discharge capacity排放开关discharge cock排水渠道discharge conduit量曲线discharge curve排气风扇discharge fan排水沟断面discharge section水文测站discharge site卸货discharge 量;卸货站台discharging platform不连续结构discontinuous construction 间断级配discontinuous grading松散集料discrete aggregate圆盘式机械抹子disk type power float拆卸式家具dismantling furniture分配器dispenser消散器dissator溶剂dissolvent梁间隔distance between girders防火间隔distance separation变形强度distortion strength混凝土裂缝distress in concrete分布力distributed force分布钢筋distributing bars配水管道distributing pe line分配板distributing plate分配总管distribution header混凝土混合料分配distribution of concrete 日光分布distribution of daylight力分布distribution of forces配水池distribution reservoir区域district区域锅炉房district boiler house分区冷却district cooling区域供热district heating区域公园district park区域性道路district road均衡破坏disturbance of equilibrium昼夜温度幅度diurnal temperature range昼夜变化diurnal variation差异系数diversity factor造船厂dockyard第杆件doctor bar文件document扒钉dog抓钩dog iron白云石灰岩dolomitic limestone系船柱dolphin穹顶天窗孔dome light圆顶状薄壳dome shell居住建筑domestic architecture家用锅炉domestic boiler生活垃圾domestic garbage民用煤气设备domestic gas installation家用供热domestic heating家用供热装置domestic heating appliance 家用热水domestic hot water居住房屋domestic house生活污水domestic sewage生活污水管系统domestic sewerage system 民用给水domestic water supply圆顶式建筑domical architecture大型垫圈donut门的装配door assembly门销door bolt门边立木door buck门铰链door butt门闩door catch门钩door hanger挂门door hanging门环door knocker窗门扇间竖框door mullion门洞door opening门自动启闭装置door operator门牌door plate门一览表door schedule门扇边挺door stile门道door way双扉门door with two leaves门铃doorbell门制止器doorstop老虎窗dormant window宿舍区dormitory area点线dot line推拉门double acting door双酌液压油缸double acting hydraulic jack 复动桩锤double acting pile hammer双角钢double angle复式钢筋double armouring双重板条double batten可容双人床卧室double bedroom双窝double box双支管double branch pe双层桥double bridge双重涂层double coat双层式道路double deck road双层筛double deck screen双层沉淀池double deck settling basin双开门double door双鸠尾键double dovetail key双滚筒提升机double drum hoist双头板手double end wrench双重铺地面double flooring镶双层玻璃double glazing双头钉double headed nail双铰拱double hinged arch拼连住宅double house双进风口扇风机double inlet fan复式交叉桁架double intersecting truss工字钢double iron双板条double lath双翼式开合桥double leaf bascule bridge双翼大门double leaf gate双翼平旋桥double leaf swing bridge套管冷凝器double pe condenser双管供热系统double pe heat supply system 双坡屋顶double pitch roof双杆支脚手架double pole scaffold双柱式屋架double post roof truss复式屋顶double roof双层升降窗double sashed window双层板桩double sheetpiling双立管系统double stack system双重楼梯double stairs双重立式缝double standing seam形梁double t beam 双t双榫double tenons双线桥double track bridge双层窗double window双翼门double wing door双重预应力混凝土doubly prestressed concrete配复筋的梁doubly reinforced beam配复筋的混凝土doubly reinforced concrete双对称断面doubly symmetrical section灌洗douche胶dough燕尾榫dovetail装配用喷枪dowel driver榫钉接合木结构doweled joint wooden construction 倒风down draft下给系统down feed system自俩水管down service落水管downcomer下坡downgrade暴雨downpour肋形楼板梁downstand beam下游护坦downstream apron下游侧第downstream control下行通风downward ventilation 通风第器draft check damper 通风安定器draft stabilizer制图drafting绘图室drafting department绘图员draftman28 楼Date: 2008-06-25 13:20:25可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复牵引索drag cable牵引碎石撒布机drag spreader 拉铲挖掘机dragline排水面积drainage area排水工程师drainage engineer 排水柴排drainage mattress排水设备drainage plant排水构筑物drainage structures排水的地基drained ground base通风计drauft gage地下水降落曲线drawdown curve图纸drawing绘图用两脚规drawing compass绘图墨水drawing ink不按比例尺绘图drawing not to scale绘图笔drawing pen图钉drawing pin绘图台drawing table修整过的顶棚板条dressed ceiling boarding 修琢过的尺寸dressed size修琢石dressing of stone更衣室dressing room干燥机drier钻孔岩心drill core钻孔桩drilled pile钻台drilling platform钻探装置drilling rig滴水挑檐dr cap掘进driving铁箍桩帽driving band替打桩帽driving cap打桩试验driving test吊顶drop ceiling跌水槽drop chute退潮曲线drop down curve下给式供热系统drop heating system 挂梁drop in beam动力触探试验drop penetratoin test 落差结构drop structure跌水墙drop wall引入线drop wire潜堰drowned weir圆桶drum滚筒混合机drum mixer转筒筛drum screen鼓形溢吝drum weir干空气滤器dry air filter干拌物dry batch干拌分批重量dry batch weight干拌骨料dry batched aggregate干砌砖dry brick building干密度dry density干砌筑dry masonry干拌混合料dry mix干灰浆dry mortar干燥混合料dry pack干捣实混凝土dry packed concrete干法充填dry packing干压砖dry pressed brick干制法dry process干残渣dry residue干燥饱和蒸汽dry saturated steam干权面dry shake建筑物的干式工艺dry technique of construction 清水墙壁结构dry wall construction干重分拌dry weighed batch干重dry weight干燥室drying chamber干性油drying oil干燥设备drying unit曲线筛dsm screen两用房间dual purpose room风沟duct风道截面计算duct sizing风管网路duct system打气式模型ductube仿真负载dummy load假置单位荷载dummy unit load假置单位荷载法dummy unit load method 假置单位力矩dummy unit moment应急排放阀dump valve翻车机dumptruct耐久性durability耐用材料durable material耐久设计duration design拌合时间duration of mixing日照时间duration of sunshine尘埃收集器dust accumulator垃圾溜槽dust chute尘土滤器dust filter防尘口罩dust mask防尘构造dust tight construction防尘性dust tightness垃圾箱dustbin垃圾间dustbin room集尘器duster无尘环境dustfree environment起尘dusting防尘围栏dustproof enclosure防尘照冒置dustproof lighting fitting 粉状粒级dusty fraction荷兰式拱门dutch arch荷兰式砌合dutch bond荷兰式柴排dutch mattress值班室dutch tongs冲坏数duty cycle短隔屏dwarf partition居住条件dwelling condition住宅建筑dwelling construction居住环境dwelling environment居住单元dwelling unit染料dye动态酌dynamic action动力学解析dynamic analysis动平衡dynamic balance动态dynamic behavior动态压曲dynamic buckling动力蠕变dynamic creep排出动压头dynamic delivery head动酌系数dynamic effect factor动水头dynamic head动力荷载dynamic loading转动惯量dynamic moment of inertia动力打桩阻力dynamic pile driving resistance 动力打桩公式dynamic pile formula动压dynamic pressure动阻力dynamic resistance动力强度dynamic strength吸引动压头dynamic suction head动态试验dynamic testing动力荷载. dynamical load动力学dynamics29 楼Date: 2008-06-25 13:23:37可爱的小金鲤看我其他帖子看我的日志看我该帖回复早期养护early curing早硬强度early strength早强剂early strength admixture 快硬混凝上early strength cement 土石坝earth and rockfill dam土背压earth back pressure粘土防渗层earth blanket土渠earth canal土围堰earth cofferdam土壤夯实earth compaction土混凝土earth concrete土壤固结earth consolidation土坝earth dam挖土工程earth excavation土木坎earth fill timber dam土基础earth foundation地面坡度earth grade土混合物earth mixtures土方机械earth moving machinery 土质颜料earth pigment土龙earth ridge土样品earth sample半土屋earth sheltered home土坡earth slope。
土木工程专业英语讲解
由于英语和汉语的表达习惯不同，翻译建筑英语专业 术语时，应力求合乎汉语和专业术语规范要求。 如作为动词的 build 的本义只有“建立、建造”，而 在build a house／build a bridge／build a dam ／build a highway 中分别译为建房或盖房、架桥、 筑坝、修公路， 又如normal 的英语意义单一，在normal concrete ／normal stress／normal atmosphere／normal bend ／ normal setting capacity 中，应分别译成 普通混凝土、法向应力、标准大气压、直角弯头和额 定容量 再如undesirable phenomena 不能译成“不受欢迎 的现象”，而应译为合乎专业表达的“不良现象”。
第一，多用陈述句。 建筑英语叙述的往往是一种工艺、一个过程，论证的是 一个原理、一个方案。完整的句子表义准确、清晰、可 信、严肃、正式，符合科技文体的要求。 Concrete is strong in compression，but weak in tension: its tensile strength varies from 8 to 14percent of its compressive strength. Due to such a low tensile capacity, flexural cracks develop at early stages of loading. In order to reduce or prevent such cracks from developing, a concentric or eccentric force is imposed in the longitudinal direction of the structural element. 混凝土的力学特征是抗压不抗拉：他的抗拉强度是抗 压强度的8%- 14%。混凝土的抗拉强度如此低，因 此在加荷的初期阶段就产生弯曲裂缝。为了减少或防 止这种裂缝的发展，所以在结构单元纵向施加
建筑学英文介绍
Hello, everyone, my name is****, from ***, Hebei province. I graduated from *** undergraduate course, now read in *** graduate student, majored in architecture.First, let me simple introduce architecture. Architecture, broadly speaking, is the study of building and its environment. Architecture is the art across the engineering technology and the humanities disciplines. Architecture is involved in the art of architecture and technology, as well as practical art included aesthetic aspect of architectural art and practical side, although they are clearly different but closely related, and its component along with the specific conditions and the structure of the different and different.The research object of traditional architecture including buildings, buildings and indoor furniture design, landscape architecture and urban planning and design of the village. With the development of architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning gradually separated from the architecture, become a relatively independent discipline.Architecture of the service object is not only a natural person, but also for the people of the society, not only to meet the requirements of people's material, but also to meet their spiritual requirements. So the change of the social productive forces and production relations, politics, culture, religion, the change of the habits and customs and so on, are closely affects the construction technology and art.Architecture in the study of human change nature of technology and other similar engineering discipline. But building and reflect a certain age people's aesthetic ideas and thoughts of social art works of art, architecture has a strong artistic nature, on this point and other engineering disciplines and is not the same.Architectural art mainly through visual give a person with beautiful feeling, this is art and other visual similarity. Architecture can evoke a certain emotional like music, such as create a solemn, majestic, darkness, Anacreon tic atmosphere, make the person produces reverence, proud, depression, cheerful, and so on. The early han built up we yang palace said, "son of heaven to homelessness, the magnificent beyond the heavy", can explain this problem. The German writer Goethe architectural metaphor as "frozen music", is this meaning.But building and is different from other arts, it requires a lot of wealth and technology conditions, a large number of labor and collective wisdom to achieve. It means the scale of the material performance, as any other art categories. Magnificent buildings built, retention time is longer, these conditions lead to change of architecture aesthetics is relatively slow. Architecture art also often need to apply the painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, garden art, indoor and outdoor space environment art. Therefore, architectural art is a very strong comprehensive art.Architectural design is the core of the architecture, to guide the architectural design creation is the ultimate goal of architecture. Architectural design is a kind of art, the ancient by mentoring, KouChuanXinShou, although later open schools, adopt the mode of classroom teaching, but still must through the design practice to learn.The study of architectural design content can be roughly divided into two classes. One kind is to summarize all kinds of architectural design experience, according to the various construction contents, features, functions, etc., through the example, the design should be paid attention to when the problems and the methods to solve these problems. Another kind is to explore the general rule of architectural design, including the plane layout, space combination transportation arrangement, as well as the aesthetics of architectural art effect and so on. The latter is called architectural design principle. Interior design are separated from architectural design, it mainly studies the art of indoor processing, space utilization, decoration and furniture.Introduced construction disciplines, I'd like to introduce my favorite building great master,Le Corbusier.He was born on October 6, 1887, the French architect, urban planner, writers, artists, is one of the most important architects in the 20th century, is the modern architecture movement activists and creation, known as "flagman" of modern architecture. He and Walter Gro skin us, mies van DE Lou and set called modern architecture or international form construction of the main representatives.Le Corbusier was an imaginative architect, his interpretation of the ideal city, the understanding of the natural environment as well as to the traditional strong faith and worship are quite unique. As an internationally influential architect and urban planner, he is good at application of popular style rare talent -- -- - his ability to fashion the rolling element and rough, delicate factors such as the perfect combination.He grid, cube to carry on the design, but also often use a simple geometric shapes, average square, round and triangle graphics, and deceptively simple model built. As an artist, le Corbusier understand the importance of control volume, surface and contour, he created a lot of abstract sculpture pattern also reflected this. Therefore, in the design of le Corbusier, who, by a large number of patterns to produce a vivid visual effect to occupy the dominant position, and the architectural model into a physical situation as artists on the clay mold to engraving and cutting. Through elaborate design, under the light of light and shade contrast, he successfully to maximize limited space, and can produce a good visual effect.His representative works with Mr. Fu's villa, Lang Xiang church, and Marseille apartments,etc. And put forward a new construction of five features:1. The underlying use of independent pillar;2. Roof garden;3. The free surface;4. The horizontal window;5. The facade of freedom.So many representative works, my favorite building is the Marseilles apartment. In Stuttgart, Germany's designer le Corbusier Marcelo apartment design, not only their own haggard the design style of representative works, but also the modernist design style of the classic, the original can accommodate 1600 Marcelo workers live in apartment buildings, is now a lot of Germany to yearn for the dwelling place of the middle class, this apartment building, is the appearance of founder, seems to be a bit heavy, but bare on the appearance of the reinforced cement-soil is coarse, shows a man's power. This is a famous in the history of design examples of the change decayed for magical. As if a Noah's ark, carrying a lost after little world. In fact, on the one hand, Marcelo apartment has absolute personal privacy, each member of the family has a small private room, like monks each apartment unit is sound insulation, are like live in a cave. On the other hand it is in direct contact with the surrounding scenery, at the same time, social function has been greatly exaggerated, in fact up to 26 different kinds of social space is designed.That’s all, thank you.大家好，我叫***，来自河北省***。
《新职业英语》土建专业类英语Unit4剖析
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Unit 4 Constructing A Building
Reading A
The construction work can be divided into a number of stages:
1. Evaluating the site 2. Planning the job 3. Preparing the site 4. Building the structure 5. Cleaning up
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Unit 4 Constructing A Building
Warming-up
Task 2 Discuss whether the following statements are true or false on the basis of your own understanding of the construction industry.
工完成，工地必须彻底清理干净并美化，最后建筑
物移交经理和维修人员。
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Unit 4 Constructing A Building
Reading A
工地上的建筑工人应得到工作技能及健康和 安全方面的培训。随着科学技术的发展，施工方 法不断变化。许多原来手工完成的工作现在都实 现了自动化和计算机控制，尤其是在住宅施工方 面。因此对于技术工人，尤其是具有技术背景的 工人的需求将增加。
1. What is construction? 2. What is structure construction?
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建筑类专业英语分析解析
英语建筑专业词汇a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean)rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop 电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain waterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall 承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面 linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concreteslab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 folding door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window钢窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver(louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃 mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch 暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass着色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 hydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum大理石 marble 汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand细砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage翘曲 warping原木 log圆木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木条 batten板条 lath木板 board 红松 red pine白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木 birch冷杉 fir栎木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbBar方钢 square steel扁钢 steel strap,flat steel型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formedsteel shape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low carbon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum 铅 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶 neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture 农村建筑 rural architecture农业建筑 farm building工业建筑 industrial building重工业的 heavy industrial轻工业的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 modern architecture标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 offsite封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume人流量 pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model Architectural Physics 建筑物理照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光强 light intensity侧光 side light顶光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation恒温 constant temperature恒湿 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露点 dew point隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理 project manager (PM)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect 总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer 机械工程师 mechanical engineer 计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technicianDrafting 制图总说明 general specification 工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes 剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description图例 legend示意图 diagram草图 sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图 standard drawing．．．布置图 layout of ...地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标 technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号 serial No.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straight Line曲线 curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash line轴线 axis等高线 contour Line中心线 center Line双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线 dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical 抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch磅 pound吨 ton加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 quantity百分比 percentage净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 clear distance净跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension开间 bay进深 depth单跨 single span双跨 double span多跨 multi-span标高 elevation, level绝对标高 absolute elevation设计标高 designed elevation室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积 service area通道面积 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑 sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher。
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KEY POINTS
重点 The response to the formalism of the modern style involved sampling old styles but breaking traditions, and was part of a movement that continues to influence contemporary architecture. Postmodern trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism, which they viewed as boring, or even unwelcoming and unpleasant. 形式主义的现代风格响应了旧风格，虽然形式主义突破了传统，但一直延续并 影响、成为现代建筑运动的一部分。 后现代主义的发展在20世纪的最后一个季度变得明显，一些建筑师开始远离现 代功能主义，他们认为是枯燥的，甚至是不受欢迎的。
极简派艺术就是赞赏这种小空间的美，在这里，越少真的是得到越多。
极权主义 totalitarian [toˌtælɪˈtɛriən] Almost all government adopt totalitarian measures in time of war. 几乎所有的政府在战时都采取极权主义的措施。
文脉主义 contextualism [kɔn'tekstjuəlizəm]
I basically agree with the criticism of skepticism from contextualism.
我基本赞同用文脉主义对怀疑主义进行批判。
装饰主义 ornamentalism [,ɔːnə'mentəlɪzəm] Ornamentalism is postmodernism to advocate the decoration used in construction 装饰主义是后现代主义重新提倡在建筑中使用装饰
后现代主义建筑
Postmodernism architecture
关键词:
Keywords: 后现代主义Postmodernism [,post'mɑdɚnɪzəm]
The writer is japan's biggest postmodernism literary superstar.
这个作家是日本后现代文学领域最大的超级明星。
装饰Ornament [ˈɔrnəmənt]
The ornament of their door is very beautiful . 他们门上的装饰很漂亮。
极简主义minimalism [ˈmɪnəməˌlɪzəm]
Beauty in small spaces is the appreciation of minimalism, where less truly is more.
Modernist Mies van der Rohe is associated with the phrase "less is more"; in contrast Venturi famously said, "Less is a bore." Postmodernist architecture was one of the first aesthetic movements to openly challenge Modernism as antiquated and "totalitarian", favoring personal preferences and variety over objective, ultimate truths or princi
Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ Ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄ
Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a movement until the late 1970s and continues to influence present-day architecture.
后现代主义建筑作为一个国际化风格的开端，首例始于20 世纪50年代，当时没有兴起风潮，直到20世纪70年代末期 才形成风潮并持续影响今天的建筑。
It is this atmosphere of criticism, skepticism, and emphasis on difference over and against unity that distinguishes the postmodernism aesthetic. Among writers defining the terms of this discourse is Charles Jencks, described by Architectural Design Magazine as "the definer of Post-Modernism for thirty years" 现代主义大师密斯凡德罗的名言 “少即是多”;相反的文丘里有句名言，“少则 乏味。”后现代主义建筑是最早在美学运动中公开挑战现代主义的陈旧和“极 权主义”的建筑形式，个人的喜好，种类的多样性是最终的真理或原则 这是批评，怀疑，以及对差异和反对统一的区分，后现代主义美学强调这种 气氛。查尔斯· 詹克斯以一个作家身份做出这种定义，被建筑设计杂志描述为 “三十年来第一个后现代主义的定义者”