英文眼科病例模板描述
看眼科的英语作文
看眼科的英语作文Title: A Glimpse into Ophthalmology: Exploring the World of Eye Care。
Introduction:Ophthalmology, the branch of medicine dedicated to the study and treatment of eye disorders, plays a crucial role in preserving and improving vision. In this essay, we delve into the fascinating field of ophthalmology, exploring its significance, advancements, and the diverse range of conditions it addresses.Significance of Ophthalmology:The eyes serve as windows to the world, facilitating our interaction with the environment. Thus, preserving ocular health is paramount for maintaining overall well-being. Ophthalmologists specialize in diagnosing and treating various eye ailments, ranging from refractiveerrors like myopia and hyperopia to complex conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. By addressing these issues, ophthalmologists not only enhance visual acuity but also alleviate discomfort and prevent potential vision loss.Advancements in Ophthalmic Technology:The field of ophthalmology has witnessed remarkable technological advancements, revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment modalities. Optical coherence tomography (OCT),for instance, enables high-resolution imaging of retinal structures, facilitating early detection of retinal diseases. Additionally, laser-assisted procedures such as LASIK and photocoagulation have become standardinterventions for refractive errors and retinal disorders, respectively. Moreover, innovations like artificial intraocular lenses and corneal implants have transformed cataract surgery, offering improved outcomes and enhanced visual quality for patients.Common Eye Conditions and Their Management:1. Refractive Errors: Conditions like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism result from abnormalities in the eye's focusing mechanism. Corrective measures includeprescription eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.2. Cataracts: Characterized by clouding of the eye's natural lens, cataracts impair vision and may necessitate surgical removal followed by intraocular lens implantation.3. Glaucoma: A group of progressive optic nerve disorders often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Treatment aims to lower pressure through medications, laser therapy, or surgical procedures to prevent irreversible vision loss.4. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): AMD affects central vision, impairing activities like reading and driving. Management strategies include anti-VEGF injections, photodynamic therapy, and lifestyle modifications.5. Diabetic Retinopathy: A complication of diabetes characterized by damage to retinal blood vessels, leading to vision impairment or blindness. Management involves strict glycemic control, laser treatment, and intravitreal injections.Collaborative Approach in Ophthalmic Care:Ophthalmology often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other healthcare professionals such as optometrists, neurologists, endocrinologists, and primary care physicians. This interdisciplinary synergy ensures comprehensive patient care, particularly in cases where ocular conditions are manifestations of systemic diseases like diabetes or hypertension.Future Directions:The future of ophthalmology holds promise with ongoing research endeavors focused on novel treatments, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and artificialintelligence applications for early disease detection and personalized treatment regimens. Moreover, efforts to improve global access to eye care services, especially in underserved regions, remain a priority to combat preventable blindness and visual impairment.Conclusion:In conclusion, ophthalmology stands at the forefront of medical specialties, safeguarding one of our most precious senses. Through continuous innovation, collaboration, and a patient-centric approach, ophthalmologists strive to enhance visual outcomes, improve quality of life, and contribute to the broader goal of global eye health. As we navigate the complexities of ocular diseases, let us appreciate the profound impact of ophthalmology in preserving sight and enriching lives worldwide.。
有关于视力疾病英语作文
有关于视力疾病英语作文英文回答：As someone who has experienced vision problems firsthand, I understand the impact that vision diseases can have on a person's life. One of the most common vision diseases is myopia, or nearsightedness. This condition causes distant objects to appear blurry, making itdifficult to see things clearly unless they are close to the eyes. I remember struggling to read the whiteboard in school and having to sit at the front of the classroom just to see the teacher's writing clearly.Another common vision disease is hyperopia, or farsightedness. This condition makes it difficult to see objects that are close to the eyes, while distant objects may appear clear. I have a friend who has hyperopia, and she often complains about having to hold books or papers at arm's length in order to read them properly.Glaucoma is another vision disease that affects many people. It is characterized by increased pressure in the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. My grandfather was diagnosed with glaucoma, and hehad to undergo surgery to relieve the pressure in his eyes. Although the surgery was successful, he still needs to take medication to manage the condition and prevent further damage to his vision.Cataracts are also a common vision disease, especially among older adults. This condition causes the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to blurred vision anddifficulty seeing in low light conditions. My grandmother had cataracts in both of her eyes, and she had to undergo surgery to have them removed. After the surgery, her vision improved significantly, and she no longer needed to wear glasses.Lastly, there is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. This disease affects the macula, which is responsible for central vision. As the macula deteriorates, it becomesdifficult to see fine details and perform tasks such as reading or driving. My aunt was diagnosed with AMD, and she now relies on magnifying devices and special lighting to help her with daily activities.Overall, vision diseases can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. They can affect one'sability to perform daily tasks, engage in hobbies, and even maintain independence. It is important to seek regular eye exams and take proactive steps to protect our vision, such as wearing sunglasses to protect against UV rays and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.中文回答：作为一个亲身经历过视力问题的人，我了解视力疾病对一个人生活的影响。
视力检查报告英语作文400字
视力检查报告英语作文400字Visual Acuity Examination Report.Patient Information.Name: [Patient's Name]Date of Birth: [Date of Birth]Address: [Patient's Address]Phone Number: [Phone Number]Email Address: [Email Address]Examination Date: [Date of Examination]Examiner: [Examiner's Name]Chief Complaint: Blurred vision, difficulty seeingclearly at various distances.History of Present Illness: The patient complains of decreased visual acuity, particularly in the right eye. The patient noticed the gradual onset of blurred vision over the past few months, initially affecting only distant objects but more recently affecting near vision as well. The patient denies any pain, redness, or other ocular symptoms.Past Medical History: The patient has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which are currently controlled with medication. The patient has no previous history of eye problems.Family History: No significant ocular history in the patient's family.Medications:Lisinopril 10 mg daily for hypertension.Atorvastatin 20 mg daily for hyperlipidemia.Allergies: No known drug or food allergies.Visual Acuity:Right Eye: 20/60。
角膜炎病历书写范文
角膜炎病历书写范文英文回答：Patient Name: John Smith.Age: 35。
Date of Admission: 10/15/2021。
Chief Complaint:The patient presents with redness, pain, and blurred vision in the right eye for the past 3 days.History of Present Illness:The patient reports a gradual onset of symptoms, including eye pain, light sensitivity, and excessive tearing. He denies any trauma or foreign body sensation in the eye. The symptoms have not improved with over-the-counter eye drops.Past Medical History:The patient has a history of seasonal allergies and occasional dry eye symptoms. He denies any previous eye infections or surgeries.Medications:The patient takes over-the-counter allergy medication as needed.Family History:Non-contributory.Social History:The patient is a non-smoker and denies alcohol or drug use.Review of Systems:Negative for fever, chills, headache, or changes in vision in the left eye.Physical Examination:Visual acuity 20/30 in the right eye, 20/20 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals corneal opacity, conjunctival injection, and decreased corneal sensation in the right eye. The left eye examination is unremarkable.Diagnosis:Right eye keratitis, likely due to bacterial or viral etiology.Plan:The patient will be started on topical antibiotic eye drops and will be scheduled for a follow-up appointment in 3 days to monitor the response to treatment.英文回答结束。
英文病例报告范文 低视力
英文病例报告范文低视力When examining a patient with low vision, it is essential to take a thorough medical history to ascertain the underlying cause of their visual impairment. This may involve asking about previous eye conditions, family history of eye diseases, and any other relevant medical issues that may contribute to the low vision.在检查视力低下的患者时，需要对其进行全面的病史调查，以确定视力受损的潜在原因。
这可能涉及询问之前的眼部状况、家族中是否有眼部疾病史以及可能导致低视力的其他相关医疗问题。
Furthermore, performing a comprehensive eye examination is crucial to assess the current visual abilities of the patient. This may involve testing visual acuity, visual fields, color vision, contrast sensitivity,and other parameters to determine the extent of the visual impairment and tailor appropriate management strategies.此外，进行全面的眼部检查对评估患者当前的视觉能力至关重要。
这可能涉及测试视力、视野、色觉、对比敏感度和其他参数，以确定视力受损的程度，并制定适当的管理策略。
白内障病历模板
长期医嘱记录单姓名年龄岁科别眼科病室床号床住院号第1 页长期医嘱记录单姓名年龄岁科别眼科病室床号床住院号第2 页临时医嘱记录单姓名年龄岁科别眼科病室床号床住院号第1 页临时医嘱记录单姓名年龄岁科别眼科病室床号床住院号第2页绵阳万江眼科医院眼科入院病历（一）X片号：科别：眼科病室：病床：住院号：CT号：绵阳万江眼科医院姓名：眼科入院病历（二）住院号：绵阳万江眼科医院姓名：眼科入院病历（三）住院号：首次病程记录2013-05-05 10:02患者姓名,性别,年龄岁,因“左眼雾视半年”收入我院。
其病例特点如下：1. 病员系老年性别性，年龄岁，起病缓，病程长。
2. 以“左眼雾视半年”为主症。
3. 既往史：患“胃病”10余年。
4. 体格检查：T:36.9oC P:78次/分R:20次/分BP:110/60mmHg。
全身皮肤粘膜无黄染，浅表淋巴结未扪及肿大；头颅无畸形，颈软无抵抗，气管居中，甲状腺无肿大；心肺腹未见明显阳性体征，肛门及外生殖器未查，脊柱四肢无畸形、活动自如，生理反射存在，病理反射未引出。
5.专科情况：Vod：0.3，Vos：0.04，双眼角膜透明，前房清晰，深度正常，虹膜纹理清晰，瞳孔圆，直径约3mm，对光反射存在，右眼晶状体混浊分级：N0C0P0 ，核硬度分级：Ⅰ，左眼晶状体混浊分级：N0C0P0 ，核硬度分级：Ⅰ，右眼底模糊见视盘边界清，左眼底窥不清。
眼压：右眼13.0mmHg；左眼13.0mmHg。
双眼泪道冲洗泪道通畅，无分泌物。
6. 辅助检查：眼B超：。
综上所述，入院诊断：入院诊断诊断依据：1.病员系老年性别性，年龄岁，起病缓，病程长；2.病员以“左眼雾视半年”入院；3.专科情况：Vod：0.3，Vos：0.04，右眼晶状体淡黄色混浊，左眼晶状体黄色混浊，右眼底模糊见视盘边界清，左眼底窥不清。
眼压：右眼13.0mmHg；左眼13.0mmHg。
鉴别诊断：与外伤性白内障鉴别，患者否认眼部外伤史，亦无外伤相关体征，故不支持。
眼科医生英语阅读短文
眼科医生英语阅读短文眼科医生英语阅读短文指的是用英语撰写的关于眼科医生以及眼部健康的文章或短文。
这类短文通常包含关于眼科疾病、诊断、治疗等方面的信息，同时也可能涉及眼科医生的工作和生活。
以下是一些示例：1."The Role of an Optometrist": This article discusses theresponsibilities and duties of an optometrist, including providing eye exams, prescribing glasses and contact lenses, and managing ocular health. It also highlights the importance of regular eye exams and the role of optometrists in preventing vision loss.2."Common Eye Diseases and Their Symptoms": This brief article listssome of the most common eye diseases, including glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. It summarizes the symptoms and potential impacts of each disease to raise awareness and encourage individuals to seek medical attention promptly.3."Vision Correction Procedures": This article provides an overview ofvarious vision correction procedures, including laser eye surgery, glasses, contact lenses, and orthokeratology. It explains the benefits and risks of each procedure and helps individuals understand their options for improving their vision.总结来说，眼科医生英语阅读短文指的是用英语撰写的关于眼科医生以及眼部健康的文章或短文，旨在传播眼科知识、提高公众对眼部健康的重视，同时帮助人们了解眼科医生的工作和职责，以及常见眼科疾病的防治方法。
青光眼完整病历范文
青光眼完整病历范文英文回答：I was diagnosed with glaucoma a few years ago during a routine eye exam. The doctor noticed increased pressure in my eyes and recommended further testing to confirm the diagnosis. After a series of tests, including a visual field test and optical coherence tomography, it was confirmed that I had glaucoma.Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. It is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it can develop slowly over time without any noticeable symptoms. In my case, I didn't experience any symptoms until the disease had already progressed to a moderate stage.Treatment for glaucoma typically involves using eye drops to lower intraocular pressure and regular monitoringto track the progression of the disease. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to improve drainage and reduce pressure in the eye.Living with glaucoma has been challenging, but I have learned to adapt to the changes in my vision and prioritize my eye health. I make sure to take my eye drops regularly and attend all follow-up appointments with my eye doctor.It's important to stay proactive and informed about my condition to prevent further vision loss.中文回答：几年前，我在一次例行的眼科检查中被诊断出患有青光眼。
真实眼睛病例书评英文作文
真实眼睛病例书评英文作文英文回答：The True Eye Case - Book ReviewHave you ever wondered what it would be like to lose your precious gift of sight? The True Eye Case is a poignant and thought-provoking memoir by a young woman who recounts her experience of losing her eyesight due to a rare and aggressive eye disease. Through her raw and honest account, she takes us on an emotional rollercoaster that is both heartbreaking and inspiring.From the moment she was diagnosed with the blinding condition, Christina McDowell knew her life would never be the same. She faced her impending loss of sight with courage and determination, vowing to make the most of every moment. As darkness enveloped her world, she clung to her fading vision, savoring the beauty of the world that was slowly slipping away.McDowell's writing is intimate and deeply personal, as she shares her fears, triumphs, and moments of despair. She vividly describes her struggles with adjusting to her new reality, from learning to use a cane to navigating a world designed for the sighted. Despite the challenges she faced, McDowell refused to let blindness define her. She embraced her new life with a remarkable resilience, seeking out new experiences and pursuing her passions with unwavering enthusiasm.The True Eye Case is not just a story of loss; it is also a story of hope and redemption. McDowell's memoir is a testament to the indomitable spirit that resides within us all. It teaches us to appreciate the precious gift of sight and to live each day with gratitude and purpose.中文回答：真实的眼睛病例 - 书评你是否曾想过失去宝贵的视力会是什么感觉？《真实的眼睛病例》是一位年轻女子的感人肺腑且发人深省的回忆录，她讲述了自己因罕见且具有攻击性的眼疾而失去视力的经历。
眼科英文病例模板(myself)(可编辑)
眼科英文病例模板（myself ）Medical Records for AdmissonMedical Number: 701721 General informationName: Liu XiaojingAge:56Sex: MaleNationality: ChinaMotherland:ChongqingAddress:Occupation: workerMarital status: MarriedDate of admission:Date of record:Complainer of history: himselfReliability: ReliableChief complaint:Prese nt ill ness: Contain: main symptoms e g. The patie nt felt •…; symptomsfor differential diagnosis e g. without vomiting;examination and therapeutic proceduree g. drugs 、surgery;Is he going well or worse?; So why he came to our hospitale g. for further treatment;the diagnosis in outpatient clinicPast history:Contain: Is the patient healthy before?、DM、History of infective diseasee g. hepatitis B,TB ; History of HBP CHD;History of trauma and surgery; Allergy history of food and drugseg. penicillin 、sulfamide; History of blood transfusion; History of vaccinatione g. he was inoculated according to the national planSystems review:Head and neck: no history of deaf, tinnitus, vertigo, headache, epistaxis, gum hemorrhage and hoarseness.Respiratory system: No history of respiratory diseaseCirculatory system: No history of precordial pain.Alimentary system: No history of regurgitation.Genitourinary system: No history of genitourinary diseaseHematopoietic system: No history of anemia and mucocutaneous bleedingEndocrine system: No acromegaly. No diabetes mellitusKinetic system: No history of confinement of limbsNeural system: No history of headache or dizziness.Personal history:e g. Hewas born in Chongqing on Nov 19th, 1921 and lived in Chongqing. His living conditions were good. He has never been to malaria, paragonmiasis, and schistosoma prevalent areas. He works as worker, and has college education. He never smokes, drinks, or has any drug abuses.No bad personal habits and customs.Menstrual and Obstetrical history: He is a male patient.Family history: No history of special hereditary disease and infective disease are found in his family. His parents are both healthy.Physical examinationT 36.5 °C ,P 80/min,R 20/min, BP 100/60mmHg He is well developed and moderately nourished. Active position. His consciousness was clear. His face was sanguine and the skin was not stained yellow. No cyanosis. No pigmentation. No skin eruption. Spider angioma was not seen. No pitting edema. Superficial lymphnodes were not found enlarged.Head Cranium: Hair was black and well distributed. No deformities. No scars. No masses. No tenderness Ear: Bilateral auricles were symmetric and of no masses. No discharges were found in external auditory canals. No tenderness in mastoid area. Auditory acuity was normal Nose: No abnormal discharges were found in vetibulum nasi. Septum nasi was in midline. No nares flaring. No tendernessin nasal sinuses Eye:The details is in the “special examination ” Mouth: Oral mucous membranewas smooth, no ulcer can be seen. Tongue was in midline. Pharynx wasn 't congestive. Tonsils were not enlargedNeck: Symmetric and of no deformities. No masses. Thyroid was not enlarged. Trachea was in midline.ChestChestwall: Veins could not be seen easily. No subcutaneous emphysema. Intercostal space was neither narrowed nor widened. No tenderness Thorax: Symmetric bilaterally. No deformities Breast: Symmetric bilaterally Lungs: Respiratory movement was bilaterally symmetric with the frequency of 20/min. thoracic expansion and tactile fremitus were symmetric bilaterally. No pleural friction fremitus. Resonancewas heard during percussion. No abnormal breath sound was heard. No wheezes. No rales Heart: No bulge and no abnormal impulse or thrills in precordial area. The point of imum impulse was in 5th leftintercostal space inside of the mid clavicular line and not diffuse. No pericardialfriction sound. Border of the heart was normal. Heart sounds were strong and no splitting. Rate 80/min. Cardiac rhythm was regular. Nopathological murmurs.Abdomen: Flat and soft. No bulge or depression. No abdominal wallvaricosis. Gastralintestinal type or peristalses were not seen. Tenderness was obvious around the navel and in upper abdoman. There was not rebound tenderness on abdomen or renal region. Liver and spleen was untouched. No masses.Fluidthrill negative. Shifting dullness negative. Borhorygmus not heard. No vascular murmurs.Extremities: No articular swelling. Free movements of all limbs.Neural system: Physiological reflexes were existent without any pathological ones.Genitourinary system: Not examed.Rectum: not exanedEye exam Right eye Left eyeVisual Acuity:Visual acuity - uncorrected: OD: 20/200OS: 20/100Refraction:Lenses - final:OD: +6.00 +4.50 X 90 Prism 4.00 —20/100; OS:+6.00 +3.50 X 125 Prism4.00 —20/20 IOP: 10mmHg10mmHgMotility: Ocular motility exam reveals gross orthotropia with fullductions and versions bilateral.Lids/Orbit: Bilateral eyes reveal normal position without infection. Bilateral eyelids reveals white and quiet.Conjunctiva:Cornea:Anterior angle chamber:Pupils: Pupil exam reveals round and equally reactive to light andaccommodation.Iris:Visual Fields: Confrontation VF exam reveals fullconfrontation OU.Slit Lamp: Corneal epithelium is intact with normal tear filmand without stain. Stroma is clear and avascular. Cornealendothelium is smooth and of normal appearance.Anterior Segment: Bilateral anterior chambers reveal no cellsor flare with deep chamber.Lens: Bilateral lenses reveals transparent lens that is innormal position.Posterior Segment: Posterior segment was dilated Bilateralretinas reveal normal color,contour, and cupping.Retina: Bilateral retinas reveals flat with normal vasculature out to the far periphery. Bilateral retinasreveal normal reflex and color.Test Results: No tests to report at this timeImpression: Eye and vision exam normal.Plan: Return to clinic in 12 months.InvestigationBlood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC 2.70T/L WBC 1. 1G/L PLT 120G/L to fingerbilateral.History summaryPatie nt was male, 80 years oldUpper bellyache ten days, haematemesis, hemafecia and uncon scious ness for four hoursNo special past history.Physical examination: T 37.5 °C , P 130/min, R 23/min, BP 100/60mmHg Superficial lymph no des were not found enl arged. No abdo minal wall varicosis. Gastrali ntest inal type or peristalses were not see n.Tendern ess was obvious around the n avel and in upper abdoma n. There was not rebo und tendern ess on abdome n or renal regi on. Liver and splee n was untouched. No masses. Fluidthrill negative. Shifting dullness negative. Borhorygmus not heard. No vascular murmurs. No other positive sig ns.investigation information:Blood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC2.80T/L WBC.1G/LPLT 120G/L Impression: upper gastrointestine hemorrhageExsanguine shockSignature: He Lin 95-10033。
英文病例报告范文 低视力
英文病例报告范文低视力Case Report: Low VisionIntroduction:Low vision refers to a significant visual impairmentthat cannot be fully corrected with glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery. It is a condition that affects individuals' ability to perform daily activities, impacting their quality of life. This case report aims to present a comprehensive analysis of a patient with low vision, including their medical history, diagnostic findings, treatment options, and the impact of low vision on their daily life.Medical History:The patient, a 60-year-old male, presented with a complaint of gradually worsening vision over the past year. He had a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension,both of which were well-controlled with medications. The patient reported no family history of visual impairments or ocular diseases. He had undergone cataract surgery in both eyes five years ago, which improved his vision temporarily. However, his visual acuity had been declining since then, leading to difficulty in reading, recognizing faces, and performing routine tasks.Diagnostic Findings:Upon examination, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopy revealed bilateral optic disc pallor and retinal pigment epithelium changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer and macular degeneration. Visual field testing demonstrated significant peripheral visual field loss. These findings indicated a progressive degenerative condition, possibly age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading to the patient's low vision.Treatment Options:Low vision rehabilitation is the mainstay of managing patients with low vision. The patient was referred to a low vision specialist who prescribed customized visual aids, including magnifiers, telescopes, and electronic devices. Additionally, the patient was advised on appropriate lighting techniques and contrast enhancement strategies to optimize his remaining vision. The low vision specialist also recommended regular follow-ups to monitor disease progression and adjust visual aids accordingly.Impact on Daily Life:Low vision significantly affects the patient's daily life, making simple tasks challenging and reducing independence. The patient reported difficulties in reading newspapers, watching television, and recognizing people's faces. The inability to engage in these activities led to frustration, social isolation, and a decline in overall well-being. Moreover, the patient's occupational performance was compromised, as he struggled to perform his job duties effectively due to his visual limitations.Psychosocial Support:The emotional impact of low vision cannot be overlooked. It is essential to provide psychosocial support to patients with low vision to help them cope with the challenges they face. The patient was referred to a support group for individuals with visual impairments, where he could sharehis experiences and learn from others. Additionally, counseling sessions were organized to address the patient's emotional concerns and provide guidance on managing depression and anxiety related to his visual impairment.Conclusion:Low vision poses significant challenges to individuals, impacting their daily activities, independence, and emotional well-being. This case report highlights the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate management, and psychosocial support for patients with low vision. By implementing low vision rehabilitation strategies and providing emotional support, healthcare professionals canhelp patients adapt to their visual limitations and improve their overall quality of life.。
急性结膜炎病历范文
急性结膜炎病历范文英文回答：Patient Name: XXX.Age: XX.Gender: Male/Female.Date of Admission: XX/XX/XXXX.Chief Complaint: The patient presents with redness, irritation, and a gritty feeling in the eyes.History of Present Illness: The patient reports a sudden onset of symptoms in both eyes, including redness, itching, and a discharge. The symptoms began approximately 3 days ago and have been progressively worsening. The patient denies any trauma to the eyes or exposure to any irritants.Past Medical History: The patient has no significant past medical history of eye disorders or allergies.Family History: No known family history of eye disorders.Social History: The patient is a non-smoker and denies alcohol or drug use. The patient works in an office environment and denies any recent travel or exposure to individuals with similar symptoms.Review of Systems: The patient denies any fever, chills, headache, or changes in vision. The patient reports mild discomfort with bright lights.Physical Examination:Vital signs are within normal limits.Examination of the eyes reveals bilateral conjunctival injection, watery discharge, and mild edema of the eyelids.Visual acuity is intact, and there is no evidence ofcorneal involvement.Diagnosis: Acute conjunctivitis, likely viral in nature.Plan:1. Symptomatic treatment with artificial tears torelieve discomfort.2. Education on proper hand hygiene and avoidance ofeye rubbing to prevent spread of the infection.3. Follow-up appointment in 1 week for re-evaluation.Patient Education: The patient has been educated on the nature of the condition, the expected course of the illness, and the importance of good hygiene practices to prevent transmission to others.Follow-up: The patient will return for a follow-up appointment in 1 week for re-evaluation of symptoms and toensure resolution of the infection.中文回答：病人姓名，XXX.年龄，XX.性别，男/女。
眼科英语资料
眼科英语资料As an ophthalmologist, I am dedicated to preserving and enhancing vision. My practice is grounded in the latest medical advancements and a patient-centric approach.The eye is a complex organ, and understanding its structure is crucial for effective treatment. The cornea, iris, and retina are just a few of the components that play a vital role in vision.Cataract surgery has come a long way, with modern techniques allowing for quicker recovery and improved outcomes. It's a common procedure that can significantly restore vision.Glaucoma, a condition that can lead to vision loss, requires careful monitoring and treatment. Early detection is key to managing this silent thief of sight.Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication that affects many with diabetes. Regular eye exams are essential for those at risk to prevent vision loss.Macular degeneration is another leading cause of vision impairment. While there's no cure, there are treatments available to slow its progression.Dry eye syndrome can be a nuisance, causing discomfortand irritation. Fortunately, there are various therapies and lifestyle changes that can provide relief.Protecting your eyes from harmful UV rays is essential. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection can help prevent cataracts and other eye diseases.In conclusion, eye health is an integral part of overall well-being. Staying informed and proactive about your eye care can make a world of difference.。
眼科复诊病例书写范文
眼科复诊病例书写范文英文回答：I had a patient come in for a follow-up appointment in the ophthalmology department last week. The patient, Mr. Li, had undergone cataract surgery in his left eye about a month ago. During the follow-up visit, I conducted a thorough examination of his eye to check on the healing process post-surgery. I also tested his visual acuity tosee if there were any improvements since the surgery.After reviewing the test results, I found that Mr. Li's left eye was healing well and his visual acuity had improved significantly. However, he mentioned that he was experiencing some dryness and irritation in his left eye. I explained to him that this was a common side effect of cataract surgery and recommended using artificial tears to alleviate the discomfort.I also took the time to educate Mr. Li on theimportance of regular eye exams and proper eye care to maintain his vision health. I emphasized the need for wearing sunglasses outdoors to protect his eyes fromharmful UV rays and reminded him to follow up with me in a few months for another check-up.Overall, the follow-up appointment went smoothly, and Mr. Li left the clinic feeling satisfied with the care he received. It was rewarding to see the positive impact ofthe cataract surgery on his vision and to know that he was taking the necessary steps to ensure his eye health in the future.中文回答：上周，有一位患者来到眼科部门进行复诊。
眼科标准英文病历(眼科检查)
眼科标准英文病历( 眼科检查)Charting Plus? - Electronic Medical Sample History and Physical Note RecordsNote for John Doe on 6/6/02 - Chart 1124Chief Complaint: This 26 year old male presents today for a complete eye examination.Allergies: Patient admits allergies to aspirin resulting in disorientation, GI upset. Medication History: Patient is currentlytaking amoxicillin-clavulanate 125 mg-31.25 mg tablet, chewable medication was prescribed by A. General Practitioner MD, Adrenocot 0.5 mg tablet medication was prescribed by A. General Practitioner MD, Vioxx 12.5 mg tablet (BID). PMH: Past medical history is unremarkable.Past Surgical History: Patient admits past surgical history of (+) appendectomy in 1989. Social History: Patient denies alcohol use.Patient denies illegal drug use. Patient denies STD history. Patient denies tobacco use.Family History: Unremarkable.Review of Systems: Eyes: (-) dry eyes (-) eye or vision problems (-) blurred vision ConstitutionalSymptoms: (-) constitutional symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, dizziness Musculoskeletal:(-) joint or musculoskeletal symptomsEye Exam: Patient is a pleasant, 26 year old male in no apparent distress who looks his given age, is well developed and nourished with good attention to hygiene and body habitus. Visual Acuity: Visual acuity - uncorrected: OD: 20/10 OS: 20/10 OU: 20/15Refraction:Lenses - final:OD: +0.50 +1.50 X 125 Prism 1.75OS: +6.00 +3.50 X 125 Prism 4.00 BASE IN FresnelAdd: OD: +1.00 OS: +1.00OU: Far VA 20/25Pupils: Pupil exam reveals round and equally reactive to light and accommodation. Motility: Ocular motility exam reveals gross orthotropia with full ductions and versions bilateral. Visual Fields: Confrontation VF exam reveals full to finger confrontation OU.IOP: IOP Method: applanation tonometry OD: 10 mmHg Medications: Alphagan; 0.2% Condition: improving.Keratometry:OD: K1 35.875K2 35.875OS: K1 35.875K2 41.875Lids/Orbit: Bilateral eyes reveal normal position without infection. Bilateral eyelids reveals white and quiet.Slit Lamp: Corneal epithelium is intact with normal tear film and without stain. Stroma is clear and avascular. Corneal endothelium is smooth and of normal appearance.Anterior Segment: Bilateral anterior chambers reveal no cells orflare with deep chamber.Lens: Bilateral lenses reveals transparent lens that is in normal position. Posterior Segment: Posterior segment was dilated bilateral. Bilateral retinas reveal normal color, contour, and cupping.Retina: Bilateral retinas reveals flat with normal vasculature outto the far periphery. Bilateral retinas reveal normal reflex and color.Test Results: No tests to report at this timeImpression: Eye and vision exam normal.Plan: Return to clinic in 12 month(s).Patient Instructions:Patient was given verbal and written instructions regarding eye care following pupil dilation.__________________________________ Dr. An. Ophthalmologist, MDCharting Plus? - Electronic Sample Referral LetterMedical Records6/6/02Marcus Welby, M.D. th1231 8 Street, Suite 222West Des Moines, IA 50265Dear Dr. Welby:John Doe was seen in my office in consultation as requested by youas a new patient for evaluation and care. The following is a summary of my findings and recommendations:Impression: Eye and vision exam normal.Plan: Return to clinic in 12 month(s).If I may be of any further assistance in the care of your patient, please let me know. Thank you for providing me the opportunity to participate in the care of your patients.Sincerely,An. Ophthalmologist, MDCharting Plus? - Electronic Sample Prescription Medical RecordsDr. An. Ophthalmologist, MDDEA#:_________________________________________________________Name: John J Doe Date: 6/6/02OD: +0.50 +1.50 X 125 Prism 1.75OS: +6.00 +3.50 X 125 Prism 4.00 BASE IN FresnelAdd: OD: +1.00 OS: +1.00Dr._____________________________________________Charting Plus? - Electronic Sample Billing Statement Medical Records Billing Statement - Thursday, June 06, 2002Provider: An. Ophthalmologist, MDPatient: John J Doe, Chart 1124123 E. Freckle St.Jersey City, NJ 07040Diagnoses1. V72.0 Examination Of Eyes And VisionTreatments1. 99213 Office or other outpatient visit - est. patient - 15 min.Related Diagnoses: V72.0Modifiers:Units:Referring Physician: A. General Practitioner, MDDate Last Seen: 07/26/2001Charting Plus? - Electronic Medical Sample Patient Instructions RecordsPatient Instructions for John Doe on 6/6/02YOUR EYES HAVE BEEN DILATEDDilation drops temporarily increase the size of your pupils. This lets us accurately investigatethe health of your eyes and other important general health aspects. Dilation of your eyes is atemporary inconvenience; however, benefits far outweigh the inconvenience.The effects of eye dilation drops will gradually decrease. It typically takes TWO to SIX HOURS for the effects to wear off. During this time, reading may be more difficult andsensitivity to light may increase. For a short time, wearing sunglasses may help. Notify usif you feel your long distance vision is blurred excessively before attempting to drive. Your patience during this very important procedure is appreciated!CALL MY OFFICE IMMEDIATELY AT 515-327-8850 IF YOU EXPERIENCE EXCESSIVE PAIN, DISCOMFORT OR NAUSEAREMEMBER TO HAVE REGULAR MEDICAL EYE EXAMINATIONS.Eye disease can occur at any age. Since most blindness is preventable if diagnosed andtreated early, it is extremely important to have regular eye examinations. Keep in mind thatmany eye diseases are asymptomatic until after the damage to the eye has already occurred so early detection is the key. Use this as a reminder to plan for regular eye examinations to maintain sight throughout a lifetime._______________________________An. Ophthalmologist, MDCATARACTWhat is a cataract?* A cataract is the loss of transparency of the lens of the eye. It often appears like awindow that is fogged with steam.What causes cataract formation?* Aging, the most common cause.* Family history.* Steroid use.* Injury to the eye.* Diabetes.* Previous eye surgery.* Long-term exposure to sunlight.How do I know if I have a cataract?* The best way for early detection is regular eye examinations by your medical eye doctor.There are many causes of visual loss in addition to the cataract such as problems involvingthe optic nerve and retina. If these other problems exist, cataract removal may not result inthe return or improvement of vision. Your eye doctor can tell you how much improvement in vision is likely.Does it take a long time for a cataract to form?* Cataract development varies greatly between patients and is affected by the cause of the cataract. Generally, cataracts progress gradually over many years. Some people,especially diabetics and younger patients, may find that cataract formation progresses rapidly over a few months making it impossible to know exactly how long it will take for the cataract todevelop.What is the treatment for cataracts?* The only way to remove a cataract is surgery. If the symptoms are not restricting youractivity, a change of glasses may alleviate the symptoms at this time. No medications, exercise, optical devices or dietary supplements have been shown to stop the progression or prevent cataracts.It is important to provide protection from excessive sunlight. Making sure that the sunglassesyou wear screen out ultraviolet (UV) light rays or your regular eyeglasses are coated with aclear, anti-UV coating will help prevent or slow the progression of cataracts.How do I know if I need surgery?* Surgery is considered when your vision is interfering with your daily activities. It is important to evaluate if you can see to do your job and drive safely. Can you read and watchTV in comfort? Are you able to cook, do your shopping and yard work or take your medications without difficulty? Depending on how you feel your vision is affecting your dailylife, you and your eye doctor will decide together when it is the appropriate time to do surgery.What is involved with cataract surgery?* This surgery is generally performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. With the assistance of a microscope, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a permanent intraocular lens implant.Right after the surgery you should be able to immediately performall your normal activities except for the most strenuous ones. You will need to take eye drops as directed by your eyedoctor. Follow-up visits are necessary to make sure the surgicalsite is healing withoutproblems.This procedure is performed on over 1.4 million people each year in the United States alone,95% without complications. With this highly successful procedure, 90% of the time visionimproves unless a problem also exists with the cornea, retina or optic nerve. As with any surgery, a good result cannot be guaranteed._______________________________ An. Ophthalmologist, MD。
结膜炎门诊病历书写范文大全
结膜炎门诊病历书写范文大全英文回答：Conjunctivitis Outpatient Medical Record.Patient Information:Name: [Patient's Name]Age: [Patient's Age]Gender: [Patient's Gender]Date of Visit: [Date of Visit]Chief Complaint:The patient presents with redness, itching, and discharge in both eyes.History of Present Illness:The patient reports experiencing symptoms of redness, itching, and discharge in both eyes for the past three days. The symptoms have gradually worsened, and the patient has been experiencing discomfort and blurred vision.Past Medical History:The patient has no significant past medical history of eye-related conditions or allergies.Family History:There is no family history of eye-related conditions or allergies.Social History:The patient denies any recent exposure to irritants or allergens. There is no history of contact lens use orrecent eye trauma.Physical Examination:Visual acuity: 20/20 in both eyes.External examination: Bilateral conjunctival injection and edema.Slit-lamp examination: Presence of watery discharge, conjunctival follicles, and papillary hypertrophy.No corneal involvement or anterior chamber reaction.Diagnosis:Conjunctivitis, likely viral in nature.Treatment:1. Symptomatic relief:Cold compresses to reduce inflammation and sootheitching.Artificial tears for lubrication and relief of dryness.Avoidance of eye rubbing.2. Hygiene measures:Frequent handwashing.Avoidance of sharing towels, pillows, or eye makeup.Proper disposal of used tissues or wipes.3. Education:Inform the patient about the contagious nature of viral conjunctivitis and the importance of good hygiene practices to prevent its spread.Advise the patient to avoid contact with others,especially in crowded places, until symptoms resolve.Follow-up:The patient is advised to return for a follow-up appointment in one week to assess the progress of symptoms and evaluate the need for further treatment.中文回答：结膜炎门诊病历。
急性结膜炎病历范文
急性结膜炎病历范文英文回答：Patient Name: [Patient's Name]Age: [Patient's Age]Gender: [Patient's Gender]Date of Admission: [Date]Chief Complaint: The patient presents with redness, irritation, and discharge in both eyes.History of Present Illness: The patient reports experiencing redness and irritation in both eyes for the past three days. There is also a watery discharge and a gritty sensation in the eyes. The symptoms have been progressively worsening since onset.Past Medical History: The patient has no significant past medical history of eye diseases or allergies.Family History: There is no family history of eye diseases.Social History: The patient denies any recent travel, contact with individuals with similar symptoms, or exposure to irritants or allergens.Ocular Examination:Visual Acuity: 20/20 in both eyes.Pupils: Equal, round, and reactive to light.Extraocular Movements: Intact.Conjunctiva: Bilateral conjunctival injection, with mild chemosis.Cornea: Clear bilaterally.Anterior Chamber: Deep and quiet in both eyes.Intraocular Pressure: Within normal limits.Fundus Examination: Normal findings.Diagnosis: Acute Conjunctivitis.Plan:Prescription of antibiotic eye drops to be used four times a day for one week.Education on proper eye hygiene and handwashing to prevent spread of infection.Follow-up appointment in one week for re-evaluation.Prognosis: The patient's symptoms are expected to improve with the prescribed treatment. However, it is important to monitor for any worsening of symptoms ordevelopment of complications.英文回答结束。
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1、A Discribe SampleA vertical OCT tomogram is acquired through the macula which shows from above down neurosensory retinal detachment to the inferior fovea in the scan fields. The fovea is obviously elevated to 1000μm,2、ACUTE RETINAL NECROSISOCT shows cystoid macular edema and diffuse outer retinal edema and exudates.3、AIONThe papillary swells and is elevated obviously. The physiologic cup slmost disappears. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber swells, the thickness of which is increased obviously.4、BECHETThere is cystoid edema in the macula, with well-defined detachment of neurosensory retina in the fovea and diffuse periphery retinal edema. (serous detachment of neurosensory retina ) Retina in the fovea is thinned. Sporadic hyperreflective points due to the exudates of hard lipids shadows the reflection from the tissues below. The margin of the optic disc is elevated obviously, which represents papilledema. ( papilledema) The retina in thefovea is thickened. Hyperreflective band just anterior to the neur5、BEST DISEASERPE/choriocapillaris in the macula is elevated, in deeper layer of which there is moderate reflective band.(RPE solid elevation)There is serous pigment endothelium detachment in the superior of vitell6、CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY There is serous retinal detachment in the macula, with retinal edema or cystoid edema. The neurosensory retina is elevated in the fovea, with the thickness of . Liquid dark area exists below. The RPE/choroicapillaris reflective band is clearly visible or damaged. The RPE may be elevated and detached.7、CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMARetina is sphere-like elevated. Neurosensory retinal detachment is visible in the margin of the tumor. The reflective band of RPE/choroidocapillay is disordered，only sporadic and thin choroidal reflective bands are visible in below. The retina is elevated, with serous retinal detachment around the tumor, intraretinal fluid in the retina above the tumor. (RPE damage) There isintraretinal department with tissues connecting in between in the retina above the tumor. There is shallow retinal detachment in the8、CHOROIDAL OSTEOMAThe RPE/choroid reflective band is enhanced and broadened irregularly, partially elevated and breaks in temperal papillary. The shallow neurosensory retinal detachment is observed in the macula, (neurosensory retinal detachment). The retina in the fovea is thinned, The retina is intraretinal departed with reflection of tissues in between, representing secondary retinoschisis in the macula and papillary, with disordered reflection. 9、CNVThe strongest reflective band (RPE/CC) ruptures. There is a multilayer hyperreflction subretinal elevation in the rupture. Neurosensory retinal detachment, retinal edema and exudation are visible.10、CONTUSION OF RETINAThere is full-thickness retina loss in the macula, with surrounding neurosensory retina edema. (macular hole and edema) Moderate reflection in the fovea and the both sides hyperreflection of hemorrhage are observed whenRPE hemorrhagic detachment exists. The choroidal reflective band is enhanced in the temporal fovea, which represents choroid rupture.(choroid rupture with hemorrhagic RPE detachment) The RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band is broken and disordered in the temporal fovea, with the reflective11、DIABETIC RETINOPATHY(macular edema)The neurosensory retina shows thickened thickness and diffuse reduced interlaminar reflection in the macula and periphery retina. There are sporadic hyperreflective points in outer retina shadowing the reflection returning from below, due to hard exudates. The serous neurosensory retina detachment exists in the macula, with detachment cavity shown as fluid dark area. The local elevation of retinal nerve fiber layer shows enhanced reflection and shadows the reflection returning from below, wh12、DrusenHard drusen shows the local elevation of RPE and tissues below, with hyperreflectivity. Soft drusen shows semispherical elevation of RPE.13、Dry AMDHard drusen shows the local elevation of RPE and tissues below, with hyperreflectivity. Soft drusen shows semispherical elevation of RPE.RPE/choriocapillaris is elevated well-defined. (hard drusen) The neurosensory retina is normal or thinned in corresponding area. The reflection band of RPE/choriocapillaris is elevated like semisphere or merged-semisphere. There is moderate density reflection band below, connecting with the choroidal reflection band. (soft drusen) . Retina above is thinned, while the reflection band of RPE/choriocapillaris is enhanced.(choroidoretinal geographic atrophy). The RPE reflection band disappears somewhere.(RPE a14、EPIRETINAL HEMORRHAGERetina seems to be elevated, with dense hyperreflection anterior to the retina. All the reflection from tissues behind it disappears. It’s hard to identify the hemorrhage is located under the inner limiting membrane or behind the posterior limiting membrane of the vitreous.15、EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE IN THE MACULA The epiretinal membrane appears as a streaky-like enhanced reflective band just attached anterior to theneurosensory retina. The depression of the fovea disappears, and macular edema forms. The thickness of the retina is increased in the fovea, with steep contour and pseudohole forms.16、EPIRETINAL MEMBRANEThe moderate and high reflective band is shown adhered tightly anterior to the retina, which may track the retina, resulting in retinal pucker and retinal edema.17、GLAUCOMA RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER The reflection of retinal nerve fiber layer is thinned diffusely.18、GLAUCOMAThe physiologic cup is enlarged and deepened, the reflective band is thinned or breaks in the superior cup wall. The cup is enlarged.19、HARD EXUDATIONPotted and sheet hyperreflection is shown in outer plexiform layer, attenuating the reflection behind.20、IDIOPATHIC CNVRetina swells and is thickened. Serous retinal detachment is shown, while choroidal neovascular is visible under the macula.21、IDIOPATHIC CNV-1There is cystoid edema in the fovea. The hyperrefletive points in the outer retina which attenuate the tissues behind represent the hard exudation. Hemorrhagic or serous neurosensory retinal detachment forms. The RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band is fusiform-like enhanced in the upper macula, consistent with choroidal neovascular. The topography map shows that the retina is thickened, white and red, in the fovea and above (correspongding the CNV) .22、JUVENILE RETINOSCHISISCystoid alteration is seen in the macula, and the cavity is departed by tilted and vertical tissues. Peripheral neurosensory retina shows intraretinal department, with column tissues connecting in between. The thickness of the retina is increased in the fovea, especially in the inferonasal retina, with the superotemporal retina thinned. (cystoid macular edema). The inner wall ruptures after cystoid alteration in the macula, then the lamellar hole forms.(lamellar macula hole) . Neurosensory retinal detachme23、MACULAR HOLEFull-thickness hole: loss of full-thickness retina shows no reflection. Lamellar hole: The loss of the inner retina, part of the reflection is absent. stage I macular hole shows disappearance of the normal foveal contour and a low reflection field in below , but the inner layer of the retinal doesn’t break in the macula. Vitreous traction to the fovea is visible. Alleviation happens spontaneously in some cases. Stage II shows the breaks of inner surface and small full-thickness loss of the retina, accounti24、MELANOMA OF CHOROIDThe retina shows a flat and uneven elevation, the reflective band of the RPE/choriocapillaris is enhanced mildly, while the reflective band of the retina is almost normal. The pigment eddothelium is elevated in the fovea, with serous retinal detachment and disorders of the reflective band of RPE above the fovea. (RPE damage) Neurosensory retina is elevated and detached. (retinal detachment).25、NORMAL MACULAThe thickness of the retina of the fovea is mm. There is no significant abnormality in the macular contour. 26、NORMAL OPTIC DISCThe superior, inferior and nasal margin of the optic disc is elevated mildly. The physiologic cup is small and shallow. The depression and the slope are symmetric. The moderate reflective band representing the tissues before the cribriform form is visible in the bottom of papillary, under which is the hyperreflective band of the cribriform plate. (normal optic disc).27、OPTIC DISC PITThe vertical scan through the optic disc shows a dark area without reflection, because of loss of cribriform plate in the inferior papillary, which represents optic disc pits. Horizontal scan shows loss of cribriform plate in the temporal optic disc, which connects with outer retinal retinoschisis and edema in the macula. Neurosensory retinal detachment exists in the macula, and there is only inner tissue with thin-wall, which represents outer wall hole. (optic disc hole and retinal edema and retinoschisis 28、OPTIC NERVE ATROPHYThe normal elevation of the papillary margin disappears. The physiologic cup shallows, with thinning of the peripapillary retina and reflection band of the retinal nerve fiber layer.29、OPTIC NEURITIS(epiretinal hemorrhage) The reflection in front of the retina is enhanced and attenuates, while hemorrhage is shaped in fluid level, attenuating the tissues below. The inner limiting membrane departs from the retina in superior of hemorrhage level.(intraretinal hemorrhage)The retina is elevated where retina hemorrhage exists. The intraretinal hemorrhage is shown as dark area, attenuating the reflection from below. The retinal detachment exists above the hemorrhage field.(subretinal hemorrhage) neurosensory30、PapilledemaThe margin of the papillary is moderately or mildly elevated. The physiologic cup gets shallow and elevated. (mild edema) Papillary is elevated obviously like mountain, and the cup almost disappears. (obvious edema) The papillary is elevated highly, and the cup disappears. (high cranial pression papilledema) The papillary is elevated, with papilledema, peripheral retina edema, cystoid macular edema, obvious retina edema in the posterior pole.(stasis retina edema) The papillary gets edema, with margin eleva31、PATHOLOGIC MYOPIAOCT shows thinning of the neurosensory retina in the central macula. The intralamellar department exists in the outer retina and inner retina, with columns connecting in between. The reflectivity of outer neurosensory retina in the inner side of RPE is visible (secondary retinoschisis) , as well as detachment of neurosensory retina. Neurosensory retina in the macula losses partially and epiretinal membrane forms.(retinoschisis and lamellar hole)OCT shows loss of full-thickness neurosensory retina in the m32、PCVPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy shows cone-like steep elevation. There is thin discontinuous streaky-like hyperreflective band departing from RPE in the side of elevation, which is consistent with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. The neurosensory retina is thin above the elevation. Moderate reflective points are visible below the elevation, attenuating the reflection from choroid. There is neurosensory retinal detachment, with exudation in outer retina and hemorrhage pigment endothelium detachment besi33、PIGMENT ENDOTHELIUM DETACHMENT Retinal pigment endothelium is elevated, with fluid dark area or reflective points below, shadowing the reflection from bruch membrane and choroid.34、POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENTA moderate reflective band departs with the retina, floating in the posterior vitreous cavity like an irregular curve or a semiarc.35、RAO(In the early stages of CRVO) There is cystoid macular edema, uncomplete posterior vitreous detachment tracking the macula. Retina shows edema and enhanced reflection, is thickened. The dark area of photoreceptor is broadened. (CRAO edema recedes)The cystoid edema in the macula recedes, uncomplete posterior vitreous detachment is thinned and weak. The dark area of photoreceptor is broadened. (CRAO atrophy stage)the thickness of the retina in the centre is mildly thinned, uncomplete posterior vitreous detac36、REDIATION RETINOPATHYThere are retinal cystoid edema ,intraretinal exudation and neurosensory retinal detachment in the macular,(neurosensory retinal detachment)OCT shows serous neurosensory retinal detachment, neurosensory retinal cystoid edema and diffuse edema in the macular.(papilledema)papillary elevates, the physiologic cup almost disappears.(retinal exudates)Well-defined edema and elevation of retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with the soft exudates attenuates the reflection from below. The exudates appear as the37、RETINAL ANEURYSM(epiretinal hemorrhage) The reflection in front of the retina is enhanced and attenuates, while hemorrhage is shaped in fluid level, attenuating the tissues below. The inner limiting membrane departs from the retina in superior of hemorrhage level.(intraretinal hemorrhage)The retina is elevated where retina hemorrhage exists. The intraretinal hemorrhage is shown as dark area, attenuating the reflection from below. The retinal detachment exists above the hemorrhage field.(subretinal hemorrhage) neurosensory38、RETINAL DETACHMENTNeurosensory retina is elevated. The fluid below shows liquidity dark area with non-reflection, or potted or sheetmoderate or high reflection in the liquidity dark area. 39、RETINAL DETACHMENT-1 Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (mild and moderate retinal detachment in the macula)Retinal detachment exists in the macula and inferior retina, with retinal edema. (highly retinal detachment in the macula)highly retinal detachment exists in the macula, OCT cann’t show RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band.(neurosensory retinal department)Outer and inner neurosensory retinal departs。