英语书名汉译开题报告上传
英文翻译及开题报告
北京建筑工程学院电气与信息工程学院电气工程系英文资料翻译PLC technique discussion and future development 可编程控制技术的未来发展与探讨指导教师栾茹学生姓名聂沐晗专业电气工程及自动化班级电083学号 2107170813231原文PLC technique discussion and future developmentAlong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best pathWe come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide.The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output toorder the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/ O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologous saving machine and I/ Os to connect after pass the calculation; The I/ O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit the data that the I/ O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and I/ Os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and dates, the ROM can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.PLC language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the PLC language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the PLC.Is PLC one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part thatthe people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error perhaps you can still accept; But lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we can't is tolerant of. New technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the HMI? Says the HMI here you basically not clear what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, and it combines with the PLC to our larger space.HMI the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. And can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in one's power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. Currently the HMI factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. The HMI foreground can say that think ° to be good very.At a lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that can't guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. For example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we will arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. Pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to reflect the result that mutually flick.The PLC correspondence has already come more body now its value, at the PLC and correspondence between PLCs, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the dates to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive already to repair with each other. Data conversion the adoption RS232 between PLC connect to come to the transmission data, but the RS232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the RS485 to carry on the correspondence, the longer distance can pass the MODEL only to carry on deliver.The PLC data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the PLC of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the operation. If the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, I want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; But take data in the watch for an instruction procedure that controls the PLC, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.The form that information transport contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workers .The meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but can't give the superior reply; A work of half is also 2 and can send out similar to accept the data, but can't send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to can't answer the phone, the other party also; But whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. Be like the Internet is a typical example.The process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: The data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the CPU to send out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the CPU and also want to be long oppositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. Its request lies in canting have an error margins in a dates deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. Applied more and more extensive in some appropriative equipments, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments...etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.And the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and want to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the CPU is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lose at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to send out have or not the mistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.A line of transmission of the information contains a string of and combine the cent of: The usual PLC is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. We can be an at the time of sending out the data a send out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiations are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out thedata. A speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to carry on the long range control. But combine the ocular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of ocular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact TTL electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for the data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does theaffair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC, also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.Each equipment always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, which is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again. Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work. Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break offto rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some dates of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establish time that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily. A state software can pass allse hardwires link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make airship go up the sky.The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain. The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.Knowing the available PLC network options and their best applications will ensure an efficient and flexible control system design.The programmable logic controller's (PLC's) ability to support a range of communication methods makes it an ideal control and data acquisition device for a wide variety of industrial automation and facility control applications. However, there is some confusion because so many possibilities exist. To help eliminate this confusion, let's list what communications are available and when they would be best applied.To understand the PLC's communications versatility, let's first define the terms used in describing the various systems.ASCII: This stands for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange." As shown in Fig. 1, when the letter "A" is transmitted, for instance, it's automatically coded as "65" by the sending equipment. The receiving equipment translates the "65" back to the letter "A." Thus, different devices can communicate with each other as long as both use ASCII code.ASCII module: This intelligent PLC module is used for connecting PLCs to other devices also capable of communicating using ASCII code as a vehicle.Bus topology: This is a linear local area network (LAN) arrangement, as shown in Fig. 2A, in which individual nodes are tapped into a main communications cable at a single point and broadcast messages. These messages travel in both directions on the bus from the point of connection until they are dissipated by terminators at each end of the bus.CPU: This stands for "central processing unit," which actually is that part of a computer, PLC, or other intelligent device where arithmetic and logical operations are performed and instructions are decoded and executed.Daisy chain: This is a description of the connection of individual devices in a PLC network, where, as shown in Fig. 3, each device is connected to the next and communications signals pass from one unit to the next in a sequential fashion.Distributed control: This is an automation concept in which portions of an automated system are controlled by separate controllers, which are located in close proximity to their area of direct control (control is decentralized and spread out over the system).Host computer: This is a computer that's used to transfer data to, or receive data from, a PLC in a PLC/computer network.Intelligent device: This term describes any device equipped with its own CPU.I/O: This stands for "inputs and outputs," which are modules that handle data to the PLC (inputs) or signals from the PLC (outputs) to an external device.Kbps: This stands for "thousand bits per second," which is a rate of measure for electronic data transfer.Mbps: This stands for "million bits per second."Node: This term is applied to any one of the positions or stations in a network. Each node incorporates a device that can communicate with all other devices on the network.Protocol: The definition of how data is arranged and coded for transmission on a network.Ring topology. This is a LAN arrangement, as shown in Fig. 2C, in which each node is connected to two other nodes, resulting in a continuous, closed, circular path or loop for messages to circulate, usually in one direction. Some ring topologies have a special "loop back" feature that allows them to continue functioning even if the main cable is severed.RS232. This is an IEEE standard for serial communications that describes specific wiring connections, voltage levels, and other operating parameters for electronic data communications. There also are several other RS standards defined.Serial: This is an electronic data transfer scheme in which information is transmitted one bit at a time.Serial port: This the communications access point on a device that is set up for serial communications.Star topology. This is a LAN arrangement in which, as shown in Fig. 2B, nodes are connected to one another through a central hub, which can be active or passive. An active hub performs network duties such as message routing and maintenance. A passive central hub simply passes the message along to all the nodes connected to it.Topology: This relates to a specific arrangement of nodes in a LAN inrelation to one another.Transparent: This term describes automatic events or processes built into a system that require no special programming or prompting from an operator.Now that we're familiar with these terms, let's see how they are used in describing the available PLC network options.PLC network optionsPLC networks provide you with a variety of networking options to meet specific control and communications requirements. Typical options include remote I/O, peer-to-peer, and host computer communications, as well as LANs. These networks can provide reliable and cost-effective communications between as few as two or as many as several hundred PLCs, computers, and other intelligent devices.Many PLC vendors offer proprietary networking systems that are unique and will not communicate with another make of PLC. This is because of the different communications protocols, command sequences, error-checking schemes, and communications media used by each manufacturer.However, it is possible to make different PLCs "talk" to one another; what's required is an ASCII interface for the connection(s), along with considerable work with software.Remote I/0 systemsA remote I/O configuration, as shown in Fig. 4A, has the actual inputs and outputs at some distance from the controller and CPU. This type of system, which can be described as a "master-and-slave" configuration, allows many distant digital and analog points to be controlled by a single PLC. Typically, remote I/Os are connected to the CPU via twisted pair or fiber optic cables.Remote I/O configurations can be extremely cost-effective control solutions where only a few I/O points are needed in widely separated areas. In this situation, it's not always necessary, or practical for that matter, to have a controller at each site. Nor is it practical to individually hard wire each I/O point over long distances back to the CPU. For example, remote I/O systems can be used in acquiring data from remote plant or facility locations. Information such as cycle times, counts, duration or events, etc. then can be sent back to the PLC for maintenance and management reporting.In a remote I/O configuration, the master controller polls the slaved I/O for its current I/O status. The remote I/O system responds, and the master PLC then signals the remote I/O to change the state of outputs as dictated by the control program in the PLC's memory. This entire cycle occurs hundreds of times per second.Peer-to-peer networksPeer-to-peer networks, as shown in Fig. 4B, enhance reliability by decentralizing the control functions without sacrificing coordinated control. In this type of network, numerous PLCs are connected to one another in a daisy-chain fashion, and a common memory table is duplicated in the memory of each. In this way, when any PLC writes data to this memory area, the information is automatically transferred to all other PLCs in the network. They then can use this information in their own operating programs.With peer-to-peer networks, each PLC in the network is responsible for its own control site and only needs to be programmed for its own area of responsibility. This aspect of the network significantly reduces programming and debugging complexity; because all communications occur transparently to the user, communications programming is reduced to simple read-and-write statements.In a peer-to-peer system, there's no master PLC. However, it's possibleto designate one of the PLCs as a master for use as a type of group controller. This PLC then can be used to accept input information from an operator input terminal, for example, sending all the necessary parameters to other PLCs and coordinating the sequencing of various events.Host computer linksPLCs also can be connected with computers or other intelligent devices. In fact, most PLCs, from the small to the very large, can be directly connected to a computer or part of a multi drop host computer network via RS232C or RS422 ports. This combination of computer and controller maximizes the capabilities of the PLC, for control and data acquisition, as well as the computer, for data processing, documentation, and operator interface.In a PLC/computer network, as shown in Fig. 4C, all communications are initiated by the host computer, which is connected to all the PLCs in a daisy-chain fashion. This computer individually addresses each of its networked PLCs and asks for specific information. The addressed PLC then sends this information to the computer for storage and further analysis. This cycle occurs hundreds of times per second.Host computers also can aid in programming PLCs; powerful programming and documentation software is available for program development. Programs then can be written on the computer in relay ladder logic and downloaded into the PLC. In this way, you can create, modify, debug, and monitor PLC programs via a computer terminal.In addition to host computers, PLCs often must interface with other devices, such as operator interface terminals for large security and building management systems. Although many intelligent devices can communicate directly with PLCs via conventional RS232C ports and serial ASCII code, some don't have the software ability to interface with individual PLC models. Instead, they typically send and receive data in fixed formats. It's the PLCprogrammer's responsibility to provide the necessary software interface.The easiest way to provide such an interface to fixed-format intelligent devices is to use an ASCII/BASIC module on the PLC. This module is essentially a small computer that plugs into the bus of the PLC. Equipped with RS232 ports and programmed in BASIC, the module easily can handle ASCII communications with peripheral devices, data acquisition functions, programming sequences, "number crunching," report and display generation, and other requirements.Access, protocol, and modulation functions of LANsBy using standard interfaces and protocols, LANs allow a mix of devices (PLCs, PCs, mainframe computers, operator interface terminals, etc.) from many different vendors to communicate with others on the network.Access: A LAN's access method prevents the occurrence of more than one message on the network at a time. There are two common access methods.Collision detection is where the nodes "listen" to the network and transmit only if there are no other messages on the network. If two nodes transmit simultaneously, the collision is detected and both nodes retransmit until their messages get through properly.Token passing allows each node to transmit only if it's in possession of a special electronic message called a token. The token is passed from node to node, allowing each an opportunity to transmit without interference. Tokens usually have a time limit to prevent a single node from tying up the token for a long period of time.Protocol: Network protocols define the way messages are arranged and coded for transmission on the LAN. The following are two common types.Proprietary protocols are unique message arrangements and coding。
英语翻译方向的开题报告
英语翻译方向的开题报告英语翻译方向的开题报告一、选题背景及意义英语翻译作为一门重要的语言学科，对于促进不同国家和文化之间的交流与合作起着至关重要的作用。
随着全球化进程的加快，英语翻译的需求也越来越大，因此深入研究英语翻译方向的问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。
二、研究目的和研究问题本研究旨在探讨英语翻译方向的相关问题，包括翻译理论、翻译方法和翻译实践等方面。
具体研究问题如下：1. 英语翻译的理论基础是什么？2. 英语翻译的方法有哪些？各自的特点和适用场景是什么？3. 英语翻译实践中存在的问题有哪些？如何解决这些问题？通过对这些问题的研究，可以为英语翻译的发展提供理论指导和实践经验。
三、研究方法和步骤本研究将采用文献综述和实证研究相结合的方法，具体步骤如下：1. 收集相关文献，包括翻译理论、翻译方法和翻译实践方面的经典著作和最新研究成果。
2. 对文献进行综述和分析，总结英语翻译的理论基础和方法特点。
3. 结合实际案例，对英语翻译实践中存在的问题进行调研和分析。
4. 提出解决问题的建议和措施，为英语翻译实践提供参考和借鉴。
通过以上步骤，可以全面了解英语翻译方向的现状和问题，并提出有针对性的解决方案。
四、预期研究结果和创新点本研究预期将得出以下结果：1. 对英语翻译的理论基础进行梳理和总结，明确其核心概念和基本原则。
2. 对英语翻译的方法进行分类和评价，分析各自的特点和适用场景。
3. 对英语翻译实践中存在的问题进行深入分析，提出解决问题的建议和措施。
本研究的创新点在于对英语翻译方向的综合研究，将理论和实践相结合，旨在为英语翻译的发展提供理论指导和实践经验。
五、研究的局限性和可行性分析本研究的局限性主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 数据的获取和分析可能存在一定的困难，需要耗费一定的时间和精力。
2. 由于研究时间和资源的限制，无法对所有英语翻译方向的问题进行全面研究，可能只能选择一些典型问题进行深入分析。
然而，本研究的可行性较高，主要原因如下：1. 文献综述是一种常见的研究方法，相关文献资源丰富，易于获取和分析。
翻译开题报告
翻译报告暂不评价，本次考察课程所授内容thesis proposal题目：Why Study History? Reflecting on the Importance of the Past第一章节选翻译及其报告1. 翻译项目背景及译文需求翻译原文节选自由Baker Academic, Div of Baker Publishing Group于2013年出版的英文图书Why Study History? Reflecting on the Importance of the Past中的第一章What Do History Do?的部分内容。
这本书内容基于美国历史，向读者展示了何谓历史并阐述了于今学习历史的意义，对于历史专业学生来说具有重要帮助。
翻译者可以在翻译的同时学习语言并进一步了解美国文化，并了解到历史对当代社会的发展影响。
同时，读者通过阅读美国历史，可以了解到从最初北美十三个殖民地脱离英国的统治成立国家的到后来美国强大繁荣的发展历程，对比中国发展历程。
鉴古识今以史为镜，历史的学习对人的素质、修养及智慧都有重要作用。
2. 原文描述本书作者为Professor John Fea，原文共分为八个章节，每章标题分别：1. What Do History Do?、2.In Search of a Usable Past、3.The Past Is a Foreign Country、4.Providence and History、5.Christian Resources for the Study of the Past、6.History for a Civil Society、7.The Power to Transform、8.So What Can You Do with a History Major?这本书目前暂无中文译本。
3. 所选文本翻译方法研究4. 翻译项目意义、翻译难点、处理方法及其理论依据项目意义：翻译难点：（1）特定名词的翻译。
英文电影片名的汉译开题报告
4.2.文化传播和重构原则
4.3.美学欣赏原则
4.4.商业宣传原则
5.英文电影片名的翻译方法
5.1.直译
5.2.意译
5.3.音译
5.4.创译
6.结束语
四、完成期限和预期进度：
2013年12月7日前参加开题答辩
2014年1月－3月交论文初稿及修改论文
2014年4月1日前交论文定稿
2014年5月前参加答辩
[10]邓龙.关联理论对英文电影片名翻译的论释[J].电影文学,2008(10):15-18.
[11]陈陵娣.中外电影译名中的“信、达、雅”[J].艺术学苑(13): 7-11.
六、指导教师意见：
签名：
年月日
五、主要参考资料：
[1]Jauss, Hans Robert. Tow and an Aesthetic of Reception[M]. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press，1989
[2]Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation[M]. Oxford:Pergamon Press Ltd，1981
[6]贺莺.电影片名的翻译理论和方法[J].外语教学,2001(1):13-17.
[7]林秋云.外国电影片名翻译简论[J].上海科技翻译,1996(3):30-32.
[8]庞炜.外国影片名在翻译过程中的信息和美感功能的再创造[J].涪陵师范学院学报,2003(5):15-18.
[9]何宁.英语电影片名翻译纵横谈[J].上海科技翻译，1998(3):28-30.
[4]Verschueren, Jef.Understanding Pragmatics [M].London: EdwardArnold Ltd., 2000.
最新英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告（翻译方向）
最新英语专业本科毕业论文开题报告（翻译方向）How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese TranslationI. Purpose and SignificanceWith the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text,making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.II. Literature ReviewLong befo re, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, m aking foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s internationalimage, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky(1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.III. Feasibility Analysis。
英语专业毕业论文开题报告(汉英公示语的翻译)
题目：On English Translation of Chinese
Public Signs
院（系）：外语系
班 级：
姓 名：
学 号：
指导教师：
教师职称：
本科毕业论文开题报告
题 目
汉英公示语的翻译
来源
自拟题目
1、研究目的和意义
公示语向来被称作“城市的脸孔"，是给所有到中国来的外国人士留下第一印象的中国名片。然而，公示语翻译的错误比比皆是，这大大影响了公示语作用的发挥，削弱了我国的国际形象。为了树立我国良好的国际形象，不断规范和完善城市公示语的翻译成为了一项亟待完成的工作。
2005年9月中国译协在国际翻译日到来之际在北京第二外国语学院举办了“首届全国公示语翻译研讨会”，大会围绕“全球化的语言环境下的公示语翻译”展了热烈的讨论。会上,戴宗显指出:“公示语的翻译虽然区区几个字,绝不是任何学过外语的人都熟悉的。”北京第二外国语学院成立了“汉英公示语研究课题组”,并开通了“汉英公示语研究在线www. e-sign. info”;商务印书馆出版了《汉英公示语词典》。
吕合发在2004年提出“英语公示语具有严格的规范性、标准性、沿袭性, 因此进行公示语的汉英翻译必须在汉英两种文化中对相同使用场合的具有相同功能的公示语进行一对一的汉英对译。”
2004年 9 月初，上海市语言文字工作委员会为加强上海市公共场所英文译名使用管理组建了“上海市公共场所中文名称英译专家委会”，负责研究制定上海市公共场所中文名称英译规范，对上海市公共场所英文译名使用进行审核，协调处理上海市公共场所中文名称英译方面有争议的问题，以及为社会规范使用英文提供咨询服务。委员会由英语语言学、汉语语言学、汉英翻译学、法学、社会学专家以及在沪的外籍专家共26人组成。北京第二外国语学院开办的网站“汉英公示语研究在线English-Chinese Expressions on Signs research andService Online”正式运营已经2年；商务印书馆于 2004年9月出版发行了由北京第二外国语学院单丽平编审、陈祝秀教授等人编写，英国专家Steve Samuels和美国专家Jane 与John Strode夫妇的悉心指导、校订的《汉英公示语词典》；国外还有一些政府机构、民间团体、个人开设的网站介绍、服务、搜藏公示标志和公示语。
英语翻译开题报告展示
英语翻译开题报告展示English Translation of Opening Report PresentationOpening Report PresentationGood morning, teachers and fellow students. Today, I am honored to have the opportunity to present my opening report to all of you.The topic of my report is "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers". I chose this topic because social media has become an integral part of our lives, especially for teenagers. It is important to understand the positive and negative effects it has on our mental health, relationships, and overall well-being.In my research, I found that social media can have both positive and negative impacts on teenagers. On the positive side, social media allows us to stay connected with friends and family who are far away, sharing our thoughts and experiences with them. It also provides a platform for expressing creativity and talent through photos, videos, and writing. Furthermore, social media can be a valuable tool for learning and gaining knowledge, as there are many educational resources available online.However, there are also negative effects of social media that we need to be mindful of. Excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, causing us to neglect our studies, hobbies, and even relationships in the real world. It can also have a negative impact on our self-esteem, as we constantly compare ourselves to others who seem to be living perfect lives on social media. Cyberbullying is another issue that arises from social media, leading to emotionaldistress and even mental health problems in teenagers.To address these issues, it is crucial for both parents and schools to play a role in educating teenagers about the responsible use of social media. Parents should monitor their children's online activities and have open conversations about the potential dangers and benefits of social media. Schools can also incorporate lessons on digital citizenship and online safety into their curriculum to empower students with the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate the digital world.In conclusion, social media has become an influential force in the lives of teenagers. While it brings many positive opportunities for connection, creativity, and learning, it also carries the potential for negative effects on mental health and relationships. By fostering responsible usage and educating teenagers about the risks and benefits of social media, we can ensure a healthier and more balanced relationship with the online world.Thank you for your attention. I am open to any questions or feedback.。
2020年英语翻译开题报告
英语翻译开题报告最近发表了一篇名为《英语翻译开题报告》的范文，觉得有用就收藏了，重新了一下发到这里[]。
一．国内外研究现状The writer of this paper has searched and collected a large number of researches and papers related to the topic of military English.In China,It includes the Stylistic features and translation of military English written by Xin Min and Yu Jie,which has a deep study in the stylistic features and translation of military English.Aording to their paper,the stylistic features include lexical feature and syntactic feature.Aording to them,the translationof military English should include the following four steps: a brief professional knowledge,exact understanding of its meaning,careful analysis in the long sentences,and proper use of vocabulary.Another article written by Zhang Ju is The language features and translation principles of military English,in which the wide use of clipping words is its language feature,and its translation principles are: exact use of words,concise form and translation standardization.Moreover,I have also sought for many other articles such as Zhu Lianhong's the vocabulary in militaryEnglish,LiWeizhong's the parison between Chinese and English military terms and any other materials related to my research paper.Of course,they can give me help with my article and I surely get much information from the previous achievements.二．本课题研究内容This paper focuses on the characteristics and E-C translation of sentences in military English,then states the significance of it.1.The language features of military English,mainly includes Compound word formation,Acronym,Concise orallanguage,soldiers' emotional and politicalfeatures,Semantic fuzzy expression,Irony,Borrowing and so on.2.As to the translation of sentences in military English,it consists of two aspects: the translation and its principles.The former one includes: a brief professional knowledge,exact understanding of its meaning,careful analysis in the long sentences,and proper use of vocabulary.The later has three principles: exact use of words,concise form and translationstandardization.Furthermore,some detailed examples can be found to support my views.[英语翻译开题报告]相关文章：1.英语翻译论文开题报告2.课题开题报告及开题报告的3.开题报告格式及开题报告的写法4.开题报告硕士开题报告5.开题报告:区域课题开题报告6.开题报告的写法及课题开题报告格式7.开题报告8.开题报告格式与开题报告写作技巧9.如何开题报告以及开题报告的格式10.开题报告的格式及如何写论文开题报告以上就是《英语翻译开题报告》的范文全部内容，主要描述写法、如何、格式、英语翻译、写论文、国内外、文章、论文，希望大家能有所收获。
英语翻译论文开题报告范文
Larry, A. Samovar, & Richard, Porter. Communication between Cultures, 3rd Edition.
Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.
Roger, Bell. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Beijing: Foreign Language
英语专业毕业论文开题报告
学生 姓名
年级 05 级 学号指导教师Fra bibliotek论文 题目
About Transform of Parts of Speech in Translation 论翻译中词性的转换
本选题国内外研究现状及研究意义：
翻译是语言交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁和消除语言差异的途径，把握汉英两种语言之 间的相互转换尤为重要。词性转换作为一种翻译技巧是译者必用的手法。在词性转换的研究方 面，其中以美国著名的翻译理论学者尤金·奈达（Eugene Nida）的研究最具代表性，创造了一 个新的分类系统，并运用到翻译实践上。国内对词性转换的研究以毛荣贵为主要代表。在近期 出版的刊物中有对词性转换翻译研究方面的文章，其中以项伙珍的《谈翻译中转性译法》和梁 超的《浅谈英译汉中的英汉词性的转换》为主要代表。
论文的基本结构：
本文分四个部分。 一、简要介绍词性与词性转换的基本概念，并简述本论文的主要内容。 二、重点论述翻译与词性转换的关系及词性转换重要性。 三、举例说明词性转换的方法。 四、讨论词性转换以及相关的问题，并提供相应的对策。 结论部分，总结词性转换在翻译中的重要性。
1
英语短篇小说翻译开题报告
英语短篇小说翻译开题报告1. 引言翻译是一种语言跨越的艺术，当涉及到文学作品的翻译时，翻译者既要传达作者的原意，又要确保读者在目标语言中能够获得与原作相似的阅读体验。
本开题报告旨在介绍我计划翻译的一篇英语短篇小说，并提供一个大致的翻译方案。
2. 研究目标本次翻译的目标是将英语短篇小说《The Lost Key》翻译成中文。
该小说以简洁生动的语言描述了一个关于失去钥匙的普通人的故事，虽然情节简单，但通过对角色的刻画和事件的描述，传达了人们在面对挫折和失去时的心理状态和应对方式。
3. 研究内容在翻译这篇英语短篇小说时，我将主要关注以下几个方面：3.1. 语言风格的保留为了确保读者在中文版中能够感受到英文原作的语言风格和情感表达，我将努力在翻译过程中保留原文的原汁原味。
我会特别注意原作中的幽默、戏剧性和抒情的表达方式，并尽量通过精确的用词和句式保持中文版的相似度。
3.2. 角色描绘的准确性在短篇小说中，角色的描绘是非常重要的，它可以帮助读者更好地理解故事的情节和主题。
因此，在翻译过程中，我将注重从原文中准确地传达每个角色的特征和个性。
3.3. 文化适应性的转化作为一名翻译者，我明白文化差异对于翻译工作的影响。
在翻译该短篇小说时，我将特别留意在文化适应性方面的转化。
对于一些与英国文化相关的细节，我将尽量找到中文文化中与之相似的元素，并进行相应的调整，以便读者能够更好地理解和接受故事。
4. 研究方法为了完成这次研究目标，我将采取以下方法：4.1. 词汇分析和翻译通过对原文进行词汇分析，我将识别原文中的重点词汇和短语，并找到与之相应的中文翻译。
在翻译时，我将尽量使用准确且恰当的词汇，并提供必要的背景信息以确保读者的理解。
4.2. 确定上下文和语境翻译不仅仅是将单词一个一个翻译过来，更重要的是要理解原文所表达的上下文和语境。
我将认真阅读并分析原文的语境，以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
我也会查阅相关资料和参考其他翻译版本，以提高翻译质量。
2018-2019-开题报告,翻译-精选word文档 (6页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==开题报告,翻译篇一：开题报告模板(翻译)运城学院本科生毕业论文开题报告篇二：翻译实践开题报告附录３：编号：毕业设计开题报告题目:“面向未来的美国教育改革”之中译及A Tentative E-C Translation of院（系）：外国语学院专业：英语班级：xxxxxxx学号： xxxxxx姓名：指导教师：填表日期：201X年1月10日开题报告填写要求1．开题报告作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见审查后生效。
2．开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写，或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印，禁止打印在(来自: 在点网)其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。
3．学生查阅资料的参考文献应至少20篇（本）（不包括辞典、手册）。
4．有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。
如“201X年4月26日”或“201X-04-26”。
毕业设计开题报告篇三：翻译硕士开题报告doc开题报告论文题目：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》(节选)翻译报告A Translation Project Report for Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development (excerpts)1. 论文简介：本次翻译项目有两部分组成：首先是将《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》的前20章内容进行汉译英的翻译实践。
其次，根据此次翻译实践撰写一篇相关的翻译报告。
英语翻译开题报告
英语翻译开题报告英语翻译开题报告一、研究背景和意义随着全球化的不断推进，英语作为国际交流的主要工具，其在各个领域的重要性越来越凸显。
英语翻译作为一种将英语与其他语言相互转换的技能，对于促进跨文化交流、扩大国际合作具有重要意义。
因此，本研究旨在探讨英语翻译的方法和技巧，为提高翻译质量和效率提供参考。
二、研究目标和内容本研究的目标是深入分析英语翻译过程中的问题和挑战，并提出相应的解决方案。
具体内容包括以下几个方面：1. 翻译理论探讨：通过对翻译理论的研究，探讨不同翻译方法的优缺点，为翻译实践提供理论支持。
2. 翻译技巧总结：总结常见的翻译技巧，如同义替换、意译等，分析其适用场景和效果，以提高翻译质量。
3. 文化因素分析：研究英语和其他语言之间的文化差异，分析其对翻译过程的影响，为跨文化翻译提供指导。
4. 机器翻译评估：对比人工翻译和机器翻译的优劣，评估机器翻译的准确性和可行性，探讨二者的结合方式。
三、研究方法和步骤本研究将采用以下方法和步骤：1. 文献综述：通过查阅相关文献，了解翻译理论的发展和应用，为后续研究提供基础。
2. 实证研究：通过实际案例的翻译实践，收集翻译过程中的问题和挑战，并分析其原因和解决方案。
3. 调查问卷：设计调查问卷，收集翻译从业人员的意见和建议，了解他们在翻译实践中遇到的问题和需求。
4. 数据分析：对研究中收集到的数据进行整理和分析，提取有用信息，为后续结论的形成提供依据。
四、预期成果和创新点本研究的预期成果包括以下几个方面：1. 理论贡献：通过对翻译理论的探讨和总结，为英语翻译提供理论支持，推动翻译学科的发展。
2. 技术指导：通过总结翻译技巧和分析文化因素，提供实用的指导和建议，帮助翻译从业人员提高翻译质量和效率。
3. 实践应用：通过对机器翻译的评估和探讨，为机器翻译技术的应用提供参考，促进翻译行业的创新和发展。
本研究的创新点在于对翻译理论和实践进行综合分析，结合实证研究和调查问卷的数据，提出针对性的解决方案。
英语字幕翻译开题报告报告
西方影视翻译研究较我国先进了许多，研究比较广泛和深入，相关理论已成体系。相比较而言，欧洲学者的研究成果更加显著。比如芬兰的Gambier，希腊的Karamitroglou，瑞典的Ivarsson，西班牙的Chaume等。Gambier从语言学的角度对于影视翻译的分类，策略和技巧进行了颇有造诣的研究，如习语的翻译。另外，有他主编的大量相关期刊和专著为西方的影视翻译研究做出了巨大贡献。丹麦的Gottlieb也可称得上是影视翻译研究界理论最成体系的的学者。除此之外，西方还有一些以影视翻译研究为主题的的会议，重点是字幕翻译。例如，2004年2月，主题为“屏幕上的语言转换”的国际研讨会议在伦敦举行，百余名学者在大会上进行学术交流。这无疑是一场学术的盛宴，对影视翻译领域的研究起着巨大的促进作用。2005年10月，主题为“文本与图像之间：影视翻译的最新研究”的国际学术会议在意大利的博洛尼亚大学召开。这些学术会议云集了西方众多影视翻译学者和业内人士。另外，许多相关的学术组织也大力发展，如欧洲影视翻译协会（ESIST,European Association for Studies in Screen Translation），这是欧洲影视翻译研究领域影响最大的学术组织。
双语转换这一行为的复杂过程研究的不够深入，导致译学界长期以来陷入直译与意译、科学与艺术、归化与异化等纷争的泥潭。难怪有学者抱怨，忽视对翻译过程的研究是造成议论研究不够健全的一个重要原因（吴义诚，1997）。
1,国内研究现状
影视作品对于社会的影响力是不言而喻的，然而影视翻译的相关研究却相对不足。我国著名学者钱绍昌曾明确的指出：“译制片受众（观众）的数量远远超过翻译文学作品受众的数量，但与之相反，翻译界对影视翻译的重视却远不如文学翻译”。近年来人们对影视翻译的关注度有所提高，一些影视翻译工作者的研究意识逐渐增强，许多高校的硕士，博士，以及高校教师已经开始关注该领域，但就有真正价值的相关专著和学术论文依旧很少。在此领域比较有成就的有钱绍昌，李运兴，麻争旗等几位学者。钱绍昌教授在“影视翻译—翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域”一文中突出了影视翻译的重要性，并根据自己多年翻译经验总结了影视语言的五个特点，即：聆听性，综合性，瞬间性，通俗性和无注性。李运兴教授通过“字幕研究策略”一文从语篇翻译的角度结合实例从多方面分析了字幕翻译的特点，并提出了相应的策略。麻教授的《影视译制概论》可以说是我国影视翻译研究的专著。该书运用语言学、翻译学、传播学、符号学和解释学等学科的基本理论和研究方法，探讨了影视作品的译制原则，对我国的影视译制工作进行了深入、系统的研究，并且创造性的从美学的角度分析影视译制，这对影视翻译研究具有开拓性的里程碑意义。另外，麻教授的《论影视翻译的基本原则》一文，结合大量的翻译实例提出了影视翻译的五项基本原则：口语化，人物性格化，情感化，口型化，通俗化。这是非常具有专业眼光的。总之，我国的影视翻译研究起步晚，还没有形成相应的理论体系，研究所用的理论武器较为老套，如目的论，功能对等，文化对等等。
翻译书名论文开题报告
翻译书名论文开题报告1. 研究背景翻译是语言交流的重要环节，而翻译书名作为一种特殊的翻译形式，在跨文化交流中起着重要的作用。
然而，由于不同语言之间的差异以及文化背景的不同，翻译书名往往面临着诸多挑战。
因此，研究翻译书名的翻译策略和技巧对于提高翻译质量具有重要意义。
2. 研究目的本文旨在通过对翻译书名的研究，探讨翻译书名的翻译策略和技巧，为翻译工作者提供指导，并提升翻译书名的质量。
具体目标包括：•分析不同语言背景下的翻译书名的特点和问题；•探讨翻译书名的翻译策略和技巧，包括音译、意译等；•分析翻译书名的翻译效果和影响因素；•提出翻译书名的翻译规范和标准。
3. 研究内容本文将围绕以下几个方面展开研究：3.1 不同语言背景下的翻译书名的特点和问题首先，本文将分析不同语言背景下的翻译书名的特点和问题。
不同语言中对于书名的翻译方式和表达习惯存在差异，这将对翻译书名的准确性和传达效果造成影响。
通过对不同语言背景下翻译书名的特点和问题进行深入研究，可以为翻译工作者在翻译书名时提供参考和指导。
3.2 翻译书名的翻译策略和技巧其次，本文将探讨翻译书名的翻译策略和技巧。
翻译书名需要考虑到原书名的意义和韵味，同时还要考虑到目标语言读者的理解和接受程度。
因此，在翻译书名时，需要灵活运用音译、意译等翻译技巧，以达到适应文化背景和传达原意的目的。
本文将从实践经验和理论角度出发，总结和归纳出一些实用的翻译策略和技巧。
3.3 翻译书名的翻译效果和影响因素同时，本文还将分析翻译书名的翻译效果和影响因素。
翻译书名的质量直接关系到读者对该书的兴趣和期待，因此翻译效果的好坏对于书名的传达效果和市场推广具有重要影响。
本文将研究翻译书名的影响因素，并通过实证研究和案例分析，评估和分析翻译书名的翻译效果。
3.4 翻译书名的翻译规范和标准最后，本文将提出翻译书名的翻译规范和标准。
在跨文化翻译中，规范和标准可以提供指导和约束，使翻译结果更加标准化和准确。
翻译目的论开题报告
[9] 杰里米 • 芒迪. 翻译学导论—理论与实践[M ]. 北京：商务印书馆，2010.
[10]秦绪.英语书名的翻译技巧[J].湖北广播电视大学学报，2011. [11]熊鹰飞.英语书名的翻译原则[J].考试周刊,2012. [12]谭载喜. 西方翻译简史（增订版）[M ]. 北京：商务印书馆，1991. [13]杨岂深. 漫谈书名和人名的翻译当代文学翻译百家谈[C].北京大学出版社，1989． [14]张培基. 英汉翻译教程[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 2008. [15] 张锦兰.目的论与翻译方法[J]. 中国科技翻译,2004.
目的论指导下汉译的英文作品
《Gone with the Wind》- Margaret Mitchell 《飘》
《The Wind in the Willows》-Kenneth Grahame 《风语河岸柳》
《 A Farewell to Arms》-Ernest Hemingway 《战地春梦》
研究意义
按照目的性原则行动，目的论是一种具有可 操作性的，对翻译实践具有指导性的理论,目的 论为译者提供了指导书名翻译的新视角，实现 翻译的目的，译出好的书名，有针对性地翻译 出更为读者所接受和欣赏的准确译名。
目的论（Skopos Theory）
翻译目的论是由德国功能派翻译学家从翻译行为的目的视角提出的一个理论。
因此翻译亦由目的支配。翻译的时候时译者要根据翻译的目的和译文读者的特殊情况，
从原作所提供的多元信息中进行选择性的翻译。目的论的三个原则，目的原则，连贯 原则和忠实原则。目的论认为,翻译活动要遵循的首要原则就是“目的原则”,即翻译 应能在译入语情境和文化中按译文接受者期待的方式发生作用。翻译行为所要达到的 目的决定整个翻译过程,即结果决定方法。
中英文开题报告
中英文开题报告中英文开题报告中英文开题报告Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claimsits legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis. A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitutedescriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. In this regard, my observationsare limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this partI will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.) 0000Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152. 张南峰(译). 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990. 戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“1条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001(5).研究方向：作者：导师：写作时间：—对外经济贸易大学英语学院 (英文)School of International StudiesUniversity of International Business and Economics Pragmatic Strategiesin Advertising: Implicatures Wang Ying A thesis submitted to School of International Studies ofUniversity of International Business and EconomicsIn partial fulfillment of the requirementFor the degree of Master of ArtsApril 2002Beijing, China。
电影名翻译开题报告范文
课题研究的⽬的和意义： ⽬的：随着对外开放的深⼊，中外在⽂化领域交流的渠道和形式越来越多样化。
对影视翻译的 深⼊研究，可以使⼤量优秀的中国影⽚⾛出国门跨⼊世界影坛，让许许多多外国观众透过这些影⽚窥探到中国⼏千年博⼤精深的⽂化，感受到⾊彩绚丽的东⽅⽂明; 同时，随着⼤量优秀的外国影⽚的引进，也给中国观众带来了洋溢着浓郁的异国情调的⽂化盛宴。
翻译活动的产⽣及其发展均伴随着社会发展的需要，其⽬的和⽅法 在不同历史阶段亦有所不同。
在国际化社会不断发展的今天，对影视翻译的研究可以帮助⼈们理解影⽚内容和含义，展现汉语的表现⼒及英汉语的差异，翻译是促进跨⽂化交流、理解、沟通的重要活动。
意义：在⼤众传媒⾼度发达的今天，不同国家的影视⽂化之间既有交流融合，同时也存在竞争。
对影视作品翻译的研究⽇益凸现其重要的时代意义，极⼤地促进了中外⽂化的交流，顺应全球化的发展。
对翻译的研究有助于更好地体现每种语⾔的特点，传神地传达出影⽚要表达的意义，激发了⼈们对电影事业的兴趣和关注，也激发了对外语⽂学的兴趣以及作翻译⽅⾯的启蒙。
影视翻译的研究拉近了两种⽂化间的距离，同时保证了语⾔的地道。
国内外同类课题研究现状及发展趋势： 国外：影视翻译领域的研究最早开始于西⽅，如今活跃在该领域前沿的专家也主要是西⽅学者。
西⽅影视翻译研究在1995年进⼊了迅速发展的时代，相关的理论研究明显增加，欧洲学者的研究成果尤其显著。
其中，Gambier可以说是影视翻译领域当仁不让的领军 ⼈物。
他的研究涉及范围既深⼜⼴，对于不同影视翻译的模式的如何分类，影视翻译的策略和技巧，影视翻译的受众等等的研究都颇有造诣。
他从语⾔学的⾓度对影视字幕翻译进⾏了详细研究，研究在影视作品众如何翻译习语，还在字幕翻译的教学⽅⾯颇有见地。
他的研究还包括在配⾳和字幕的英⽂电影的流⾏下，丹麦本国语⾔是如何受到影响的。
总体来说，欧洲近年来影视翻译的相关研究已经得到了⼀定的重视，理论研究开展的较为⼴泛和深⼊，在翻译策略、翻译规范和质量控制⽅⾯都形成了⼀定的共识和规范。
电影名字翻译开题报告
电影名字翻译开题报告电影名字翻译开题报告一、引言电影作为一种重要的文化艺术形式，已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
随着电影产业的全球化发展，电影名字的翻译也变得越来越重要。
本文旨在探讨电影名字翻译的意义、现状以及存在的问题，并提出相应的解决方案。
二、电影名字翻译的意义电影名字作为电影的重要组成部分，承载着电影的核心主题和情感内涵。
一个好的电影名字能够吸引观众的注意力，激发观影兴趣，甚至成为电影的品牌标识。
因此，电影名字的翻译至关重要。
首先，电影名字的翻译能够传达电影的主题和情感。
通过恰当的翻译，观众可以在第一时间了解电影所要表达的核心思想和情感。
比如，电影《霸王别姬》的英文名字“Farewell My Concubine”通过直译的方式传达了电影的离别情感和戏剧性。
其次，电影名字的翻译能够吸引观众的注意力。
一个独特、有趣的电影名字往往能够引起观众的好奇心，激发他们去观看电影。
比如，电影《飞屋环游记》的英文名字“Up”通过简洁明了的方式吸引了很多观众的兴趣。
最后，电影名字的翻译对于电影的宣传和推广也起到了重要的作用。
一个好的翻译能够在全球范围内传达电影的品牌形象，提高电影的知名度和市场价值。
比如，电影《阿凡达》的英文名字“Avatar”通过与电影主题相关的翻译，成功地打造了一个全球知名的品牌。
三、电影名字翻译的现状然而，目前电影名字的翻译存在一些问题。
首先，一些电影名字的翻译过于直译，缺乏创意和艺术性。
这种翻译方式虽然能够准确传达电影的核心意义，但却无法吸引观众的注意力，影响了电影的宣传效果。
其次，一些电影名字的翻译过于自由，失去了原作的精神和内涵。
这种翻译方式虽然能够吸引观众的注意力，但却可能导致电影与原作之间的差异，降低了电影的艺术价值。
四、解决方案为了解决电影名字翻译存在的问题，可以采取以下措施。
首先，翻译者应该注重电影名字翻译的创意和艺术性。
通过巧妙的翻译方式，将电影的核心主题和情感传递给观众，同时吸引观众的注意力。
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English Books’ Title Translation of Cultural StrategiesBased on the Skopos Theory开题报告英语1101班 2011012406 XXX指导教师：XXX一、综述随着网络及经济的飞速发展，人们的生活节奏也越来越快，越来越少的时间被花在在看书上。
图书作为人们生活的精神寄托，时刻都会出现在人们视野中。
然而，越来越少的人愿意停下来，细细品读书中的道理。
翻译作为不同文化、思想交流的必要途径，他扮演着十分重要的角色。
可以说，没有翻译，就无法进行交流。
所以，在翻译的过程中，准确表达原文本思想，并能够恰巧的适应目标读者的理解和文化，这样的翻译才是最准确的翻译。
而书名作为作品的窗口，要起到让读者了然并吸引读者的作用，受到了广大的关注和研究。
20世纪后期，中西方对于翻译理论方面的研究都取得了突破性的成果。
尤其是在西方国家，很多的翻译理论被提出，如美国奈大的功能对等理论和克里斯蒂娜·诺德的“功能翻译理论等，更有各种翻译书籍被出版。
有关书名汉译的文章也是层次不穷。
尽管有关英文书名汉译的研究很多.但是，在奈达的目的论下，来研究汉语书名的翻译略少，而研究书名中文化的宣传和受众读者心里接受程度不同所要采用翻译策略和方法的研究是比较少的。
所以本文是基于目的论，来探讨英语书名汉译过程中对文化宣传所起到的作用，及在这个过程中所用到的翻译方法和策略。
二、研究内容翻译作为一项有目的的活动，本文基于德国目的论的三大准则——目的准则、连贯准则和忠实准则，通过对大量的英文著作书名的汉译过程所运用的翻译技巧的整理和分析，来研究英语书名汉译过程中，采用什么样的翻译方法，能将西方文化融入到书名的翻译中，并使读者能够学习到西方本土文化。
如英文著作Gone with the wind被译为《乱世佳人》，“乱世”道出了故事的社会背景。
而“佳人”指的是美女。
所以在一定的翻译策略下，就有了文化差异的影响。
三、实现方法及预期目标实现方法：通过书籍、网络、期刊，学术论文等媒体，收集有关英文书名汉译的有关资料，从中找出大量的有关文化差异所导致的同一本著作不同的书名翻译。
通过文献综述法和对比法来收集翻译大量的西方文学作品书名。
重点结合文化和心里接受程度不同，所要求的翻译方法和翻译策略有所差异的问题，来研究如何翻译可以使读者即能理解著作的原内容，又能从中学习西方文化的同时能宣扬的中国文化。
预期目的：首先，能够顺利完成毕业论文的写作。
其次，对英文书名的翻译技巧和翻译策略有所掌握。
最后，能够将西方本土文化和中国文化融入到英文书名翻译中的翻译方法和策略给出自己的一点见解。
四、论文结构Abstract (Chinese)Abstract (English)Chapter 1.IntroductionChapter 2.Skopos Theory2.1 History and Development2.2 Rules of Skopos TheoryChapter 3.Books’ Titles Translation3.1 General History of Books’ Titles Translation3.2 Application of Translation Principles and Methods Based on Skopos Theory3.3 Culture3.3.1 Difference in Culture between English and Chinese3.3.2 Function of CultureChapter 4.Analysis of Translation Principles and Strategies on Cultural Aspect4.1 Analysis of Books’ Title Translation principles4.2 Cultural Strategies of English Books’ Titles TranslationChapter 5.ConclusionsReferences五、对进度的具体安排第1-2周：提交5000字的资料翻译，开始毕业实习，查阅资料第3周：学习任务书，准备开题报告第5周：开题第6周：交修改后的纸质开题报告至导师处及电子版发至指定电子邮箱第7-10周：撰写初稿第10周（4月27号前）：交论文初稿给导师第13周（5月18号前）学生提交论文二稿第15周（5月30号）学生提交论文定稿第16周学院论文答辩六、参考文献Amparo Alcina. (2007).Translation Technology Skills Acquisition[J].Perspectives,154.Intan Safinaz Zainudin. (2012).Translation Techniques: Problems and Solutions [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,59.Liu Ling. (2006).A brief analysis of English translation of the book title of ShanghanZabingLun[J].Zhongxiyi Jiehe Xuebao,46.Rebecca Piekkari, Lawrence Stephenson Welch.(2013).Translation Behavior: An Exploratory Study Within a Service Multinational[J].International Business Review ,225.Reiss, Katherina, Vermeer, Hans J. (2013). Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained [M]. Germany: St Jerome Publishing.Tatiana Volkova.(2014).Translation Model,Translation Analysis,Translation Strategy:An Integrated Methodology[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,154.Toru Ishida, Donghui Lin.(2014).Translation Agent: A New Metaphor for [J].New Generation Computing,322.Xue Lianhe. (2012).Cultural Awareness and Translation Teaching at Higher V ocational College: Problems and Solutions [J].Journal of Language Teaching and Research,31.陈雅(Chen Ya).(2004).文化对翻译的影响以及译者如何处理翻译中的文化因素[A].福建省外国语文学会.福建省外国语文学会2004年会论文集[C].福建省外国语文学会,8.胡冬宁（Hu Dongning）. (2010).书名翻译的目的性原则和策略[J].湖南医科大学学报, 04何子章(He Zizhang). (2009).差异及对立的结[D].上海外国语大学.李玲、李艳(Li Lin、Li Yan). (2012).从目的论视角看英语文学书名的翻译[J].英语广场,05,23-24. 刘立翔、王达金(Liu Lixiang、Wang Dajin).（2004）.合意合宜、意形兼似——浅议三部书名汉译[J].湖北大学成人教育学院学报,05,40-42.梁前刚(Liang Qiangang).（2005）.浅谈书名的基本特征[J].中国编辑研究,00刘福莲(Liu Fulian).(2010).语言文化对翻译的影响——以林语堂译《浮生六记》为例[J],24,21-24. 刘扬珺(Liu Yangjun). (2011).从功能派理论的角度评析詹姆斯•乔伊斯三部作品作品名的汉译[J].语文学刊(外语教育与教学),05,77-78.彭璇、隋长红(Peng Xue、Sui Changhong). (2010).书名翻译的文化策略[J].科技信息,23钱斌(Qian Bin). (2003).谈英美文学名著汉译中的多书名问题[J].绍兴文理学院学报,04, 65-69.秦绪(Qing Xun). (2011).英语书名的翻译技巧[J].湖北广播电视大学学报.,09,102-103.王秀(Wang Xiu). (2015).谈英美文学名著汉译中的多书名问题[J].海外英语,01.熊鹰飞(Xiong Yingfei). (2012).英语书名的翻译原则[J].考试周刊.张捷(Zhang Jie). (2007).书名、影视作品名称的汉译及跨文化交际[J].吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),01,71-74.朱树飏(Zhu Shubiao). (1985).谈谈文学书名、文名的汉译[J].中国翻译,07.朱旬萍(Zhu Xunping).(2000).英语语言文化对英汉翻译的影响[J].盐城工学院学报, 04,70-72.张小曼、胡作友（Zhang Xiaoman、Hu Zuoyou）. (2005).从译名到书名翻译[J].学术界,01,160-165. 王欢欢.(2013).书名翻译的原则和方法研究[J].湖北函授大学学报,02,153-155.指导教师：（签署意见并签字）年月日领导小组审查意见：审查人签字：年月日。