定语从句2

定语从句(二)一、 “介词+关系代词”结构1. 可代替 when, where, why, that 等关系词e.g. There is no reason for which (why)we shouldn ' t be friends.2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。

e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a pia no.3. that 前不能有介词。

4. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词”结构可以跟关系 畐词 when 禾口 where 互换。

e.g. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?二、 关系副词的用法： （一）基本用法关系词先行 从句成分 例句 备注词I will never forget the daywhe n时间 时间状语 whe n we met there. 可用on which 代替 关系This is the house where I 副where 地点 地点状语 was born. 可用in which 代替 词I can ' irtnagine the reasonwhy原因 原因状语 why he turned down my 可用for which 代替 offer.（一）基本用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where 和why 分别表示时间，地点和原因。

on which, in which, at which, duri ng which when people make fun of others.on which people make fun of others.2. where 在从句中作地点状语。

常可由in which, on which, at which, on which 等取代。

1. whe n 在从句中作时间状语。

常用 e.g. April the first is the day 二April the first is the day 等代替e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago.二This is the house in which he lived two years ago.3. whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语。

可用for which代替。

why不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。

e.g. This is the reason why he went away.=This is the reas on for which he went away.（二）关系副词常可用介词+关系代词”的结构改写这里的关系代词只限于which和whom，例如①」will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time.②.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.③.We don' t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We don ' t know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。

e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works.这里in which代表的是in the way,在句中作方式状语。

只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用when, where和why代替'（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。

前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。

试比较下面两组句子：①.This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：The factory produces radios.而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：Radios are produced in the factory.②.Do you remember the days （that） we spent together ?Do you remember the days _when we worked together ?第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spe nt the_days_together. 而第二句中关系畐V词作时间状语：We worked together during_the_days.（四）一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法1. 当先行词是the way时，如果从句缺状语，用that/in which/不填三种情况侈数情况下省略that或in which.e.g. Judgi ng from the way he walked, I believe he was woun ded in the leg.I don ' like the way you speak to her.2. Fin ally came the day when he had to leave his hometow n.当先行词为time, moment, day 等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也可以用that引导，that 也常省略。

又如：①It was the first time (that) we had stayed up so late.②The moment (that/when) he sent the mail , John realized what a mistake he had made.③She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when) I was at university .3. where引导的定语从句的先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况：如果定语从句分别修饰poi nt, situatio n, con ditio n, case 等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在从句中作状语，也常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。

1 . They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。

2 . After graduation she reached a point where she had to make a choice.3. It s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differe ntly.三、关系副词的省略：1. the time, every time, each time, the mome nt 等后的关系副词可以省略。

e.g. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than twothousa nd En glish words.2. 当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。

e.g. I know the way ( that ) he learns English.四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面没有宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

判断下列句子的对错(x) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(x) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(V) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (V) 「ll n ever forget the days (which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。

此两题错在关系词的误用上。

2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum __ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum ___ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1 变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2 变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。