中文翻译稿

合集下载

ISBP745中英文版翻译稿word精品文档125页

ISBP745中英文版翻译稿word精品文档125页

目录先期事项 (5)适用范围 (5)信用证和修改的申请、信用证开立及修改 (5)总则 (8)缩略语 (8)证明书和证明、声明书和声明 (9)UCP600第19条至第25条的运输单据的副本 (10)更正与更改(统称“更正”) (11)寄送单据、通知等的快递收据、邮政收据或投邮证明 (12)日期 (12)单据中的空格栏 (15)UCP600运输条款不适用的单据 (15)UCP600未定义的用语 (16)单据出具人 (18)单据语言 (18)数学计算 (19)拼写或打字错误 (19)多页单据和附件或附文 (20)非单据化条件和数据矛盾 (20)正本和副本 (20)唛头 (23)签字 (23)单据名称及联合单据 (25)汇票及到期日计算 (27)基本要求 (27)付款期限 (27)付款到期日 (29)银行工作日、宽限期和付款延迟 (30)出具和签署 (30)金额 (32)背书 (32)更正与更改(统称“更正”) (32)以开证申请人为付款人的汇票 (32)发票 (34)发票名称 (34)发票出具人 (34)货物、服务或履约行为的描述及发票的其它一般性事项 (34)分期支款或装运 (38)涵盖至少两种不同运输方式的运输单据(“多式或联合运输单据”) (39)UCP600第19条的适用 (39)多式运输单据的出具、承运人、承运人身份的识别及签署 (40)装船批注、装运日期、收货、发送或接管地、装货港或出发地机场 (42)最终目的地、卸货港或目的地机场 (43)正本多式运输单据 (44)收货人、指示方、托运人和背书、被通知人 (45)转运、部分装运,以及提交多套多式运输单据时如何确定交单期 (46)清洁多式运输单据 (48)货物描述 (49)目的地交货代理人的名称与地址 (49)更正与更改(统称“更正”) (49)运费和额外费用 (50)凭多套多式运输单据放货 (51)提单 (52)UCP600第20条的适用 (52)提单的出具、承运人、承运人身份的识别及签署 (52)装船批注、装运日期、前程运输、收货地及装货港 (54)卸货港 (57)正本提单 (58)收货人、指示方、托运人和背书、被通知人 (59)转运、部分装运,以及提交多套提单时如何确定交单期 (60)清洁提单 (61)货物描述 (62)卸货港交货代理人的名称与地址 (62)更正和更改(统称“更正”) (63)运费和额外费用 (63)凭多套提单放货 (64)不可转让海运单 (65)UCP600第21条的适用 (65)不可转让海运单的出具、承运人、承运人身份的识别及签署 (65)装船批注、装运日期、前程运输、收货地及装货港 (67)卸货港 (71)正本不可转让海运单 (72)收货人、指示方、托运人和被通知人 (72)转运、部分装运,以及提交多套不可转让海运单时如何确定交单期 (73)清洁不可转让海运单 (75)货物描述 (75)卸货港交货代理人的名称与地址 (76)更正和更改(统称“更正”) (76)运费和额外费用 (76)租船提单 (78)UCP600第22条的适用 (78)租船提单的签署 (78)装船批注、装运日期、前程运输、收货地及装货港 (79)卸货港 (83)正本租船提单 (84)收货人、指示方、托运人和背书、被通知人 (84)部分装运以及提交多套租船提单时如何确定交单期 (86)清洁租船提单 (87)货物描述 (88)更正和更改(统称“更正”) (88)运费和额外费用 (88)凭多套租船提单放货 (89)租船合同 (90)空运单据 (91)UCP600第23条的适用 (91)空运单据的出具、承运人、承运人的身份识别及签署 (91)接受待运、装运日期和对实际发送日期的要求 (93)出发地机场和目的地机场 (93)正本空运单据 (94)收货人、指示方和被通知人 (94)转运、部分装运以及提及多套空运单据时如何确定交单期 (95)清洁空运单据 (97)货物描述 (97)更正和更改(统称“更正”) (98)运费和额外费用 (98)公路、铁路和内陆水路运输单据 (99)公路、铁路或内陆水路运输单据的出具、承运人、承运人的身份识别及签署 (99)装运地和目的地 (101)正本和第二联的公路、铁路或内陆水路运输单据 (101)收货人、指示方和被通知人 (102)转运、部分装运以及提及多套公路、铁路或内陆水路运输单据时如何确定交单期 (104)清洁公路、铁路或内陆水路运输单据 (105)货物描述 (106)更正和更改(统称“更正”) (106)运费和额外费用 (107)保险单据及承保范围 (107)UCP600第28条的适用 (107)保险单据的出具人、签署及正本保险单据 (107)日期 (109)保险金额和比例 (110)承保险别 (111)被保险人和背书 (112)保险单据的一般性条款和条件 (113)保费 (113)原产地证明 (114)基本要求和功能满足 (114)原产地证明的出具人 (114)原产地证明的内容 (115)装箱单 (117)基本要求和功能满足 (117)装箱单的出具人 (117)装箱单的内容 (117)重量单 (119)基本要求和功能满足 (119)重量单的出具人 (119)重量单的内容 (119)受益人证明 (121)基本要求和功能满足 (121)受益人证明的签署 (121)受益人证明的内容 (121)分析、检验、健康、植物检疫、数量、质量和任何其它证明(统称“证明”) (123)基本要求和功能满足 (123)证明的出具人 (124)证明的内容 (124)先期1事项Preliminary Considerations适用范围Scope of the publication Para I:This publication is to be read in conjunction with UCP600 and not in isolation.本出版物应当结合UCP600进行解读,不应孤立解读。

英语演讲大赛演讲稿中文翻译版

英语演讲大赛演讲稿中文翻译版

英语演讲大赛演讲稿中文翻译版英语演讲大赛演讲稿中文翻译版一.自我介绍:honorable judges, ladies and gentlemen, fellow students, good morning/afternoon:尊敬的评委,先生们,女士们,各位同学们,早上/下午好!i’m very glad to be here. my name is wangqihang.非常高兴能参加比赛。

我的名字叫王启珩。

i’m ten years old. i come from huanxi primary school. i’m in cla3, grade 5.我今年10岁。

我来自环西小学,现在五年级三班。

as a happy boy,i have many hobbies, such as sports, playing piano, singing, and drawing.我是一个快乐男孩。

我有许多爱好,比如体育运动,弹钢琴,唱歌,画画等。

among them, travel is my favorist one. i have visited some other cities, like beijing, hainan, chongqing, guangxi, qindao, dalian and so on.旅游是我的最爱。

我去过不少地方,如北京,海南,重庆,广西,青岛,大连等。

everywhere i went, i enjoyed the natural scenery and appreciated the human landscape very much.每到一处都尽情享受那的自然风光与人文风情。

not only that, i want to go abroad to take in the beauty of the custom of other countries in the future.不仅如此,我还希望能出国领略各国的'民俗风情。

简单英语演讲稿带翻译5篇

简单英语演讲稿带翻译5篇

简单英语演讲稿带翻译5篇对于学生来说,英语演讲是提高其英语综合运用能力的一个重要的手段,但是英语不是自己的母语,要演讲起来,绝对不是一件容易的事。

下面是小编整理的简单英语演讲稿带翻译,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。

简单英语演讲稿带翻译1Can Money Buy Happiness?Can money buy happiness? Different people have different opinions. Some think yes, while others hold the opposite.It is true that with enough money one can buy all the things one wants, and live a life of comfort and security. However, it is equally true that lack of money causes great distress. It is a common view that "money is the root of all evil." The pursuit of money drives many people to cheat and steal. In some places there is nothing that cannot be bought with money, resulting in corrupt societies where everybody is miserable.So, money does not necessarily mean happiness. It all depends on how it is used. If we make honest and sensible use of money, it can be a stepping-stone to happiness l Although money cannot buy happiness, it can make happiness possible if it is employed sensibly.金钱能买来幸福吗?金钱能买来幸福吗?不同的人有不同的回答。

奥巴马演讲稿中文翻译

奥巴马演讲稿中文翻译

奥巴马演讲稿中文翻译北京时刻1月22日凌晨,贝拉克侯赛因奥巴马宣誓就职第四十四任美利坚合众国总统并发表就职演说。

奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神,强调了民众的力量。

演讲中涉及了包括就业、医保、移民和同性恋等多项议题,以下为奥巴马就职演说全文:MR. OBAMA: Thank you. Thank you so much. Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:谢谢,超级感激大伙儿。

拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊重的列位佳宾、亲爱的公民们。

Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional what makes us American is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:每一次咱们集会庆贺总统就职都是在见证美国宪法的持久力量。

咱们都是在确信美国民主的许诺。

咱们重申,将那个国家紧密联系在一路的不是咱们的肤色,也不是咱们信仰的教条,更不是咱们名字的来源。

中文翻译稿(精)

中文翻译稿(精)

股骨头下骨折复位不良与缺血性坏死本研究在过去15年中,对500例股骨头下骨折进行了细致的分析研究,并尽可能延长对患者的随访时间(表I)。

在该回顾性研究中,患者康复质量的下降明显地伴随着可以影响早期和晚期结局的常见(不利)因素。

众所周知,对骨折碎片进行精确复位有利于其愈合,并且股骨头的命运表现出与复位的程度息息相关。

现已发现,股骨头下骨折若在良好复位的情况下愈合,将不会出现导致其缺血性坏死的放射影像学表现,而在复位不良病例中,这种影像学表现常可出现。

这些发现排除了既往对股骨头因骨折毁损而导致缺血的顾虑,并暗示其内在的生物力学因素。

考虑到髋关节的因素,如果股骨头和髋臼是完美的圆形结构,头下型骨折后如未能获得优良的复位也不会引起严重后果;股骨头骨折部位有可能向任何方向成角而造成倾斜,但髋关节面都可保持良好的完全接触(图1)。

但是股骨头并不是完美的球形结构,而且马蹄形的髋臼也不是完全的圆形结构(图2,3)。

正如Walmsley(1928)所述,只有在持重功能区,髋关节才会表现出上述两种特征(图4)。

只有在去除了斜行的Bigelow Y-韧带,解除其限制之后,大腿完全处于伸展位时才能达到上述位置,此位置同时允许股骨在旋内姿势时伸展。

在其他所有位置,关节面均不能完全对合(图5)。

正是基于此原因,不遗余力地完美复位将可保存髋关节的完整功能。

如果复位不充分,股骨头与髋臼的连接将不精确,就有可能发生继发的退行性改变。

因此,我们应该知道还原股骨头碎片在髋臼内应有的位置非常重要。

股骨头内侧扇形分布的骨小梁是对其位置的提示。

在前后位X光片上,这些骨小梁通常呈放射状排列并指向邻近的骨盆,如果对这些骨小梁作长轴连线,该连线将与股骨干内侧皮质成160度角(图6)。

在侧位片上,股骨头中心轴与股骨颈中心轴处于同一直线上(图7)。

因此,这两部分的前后/侧位片正常关系可以表述为对线指数160/180。

高质量的X光片可以保证该角度可以被精确测量,但老年人髋关节X摄片通常质量不佳,使对该角进行低5度间隔的精确测量变得非常困难。

英语演讲稿中文翻译

英语演讲稿中文翻译

英语演讲稿中文翻译(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如公文写作、报告体会、演讲致辞、党团资料、合同协议、条据文书、诗词歌赋、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as official document writing, report experience, speeches, party and group materials, contracts and agreements, articles and documents, poems and songs, teaching materials, essay collections, other sample essays, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!英语演讲稿中文翻译英语演讲稿中文翻译(通用16篇)英语演讲稿中文翻译篇1We Are The World ,We Are The FutureWe are young.“How to spend the youth” It is a meaningful question.To answer it, first I have to ask “what do you understand by the word youth” Youth is not a time of life, it’s a state of mind.It’s not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees.It’s the matter of the will.It’s the freshness of the deep spring of life.A poet said “To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.Several days ago, I had a chance to listen to a lecture.I learnt a lot there.I’d like to share it with all of you.Let’s show our right palms.We can see three lines that show how our love.career and life is.I have a short line of life.What about yours I wondered whether we could see our future in this way.Well, let’s make a fist.Where is our future Where is our love, career, and life Tell me.Yeah, it is in our hands.It is held in ourselves.We all want the future to be better than the past.But the future can go better itself.Don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened.From the past, we’ve learnt that the life is tough,but we are tougher.We’ve learnt that we can’t choose how we feel, but we can choose what about it.Failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it, it does mean you should do it in a different way.Failure doesn’t mean you should give up, it does mean you must try harder.As what I said at the beginning, “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”.The past has gone.Nothing we do will change it.But the future is in front of us.Believe that what we give to the world, the world will give to us.And from today on, let’s be the owners of ourselves, and speak out “We are the world, we are the future.”世界是我们的,未来是我们的一些人说“我们正在读一本无穷的书中的第一章的第一节。

i have a dream 演讲稿中文翻译

i have a dream 演讲稿中文翻译

i have a dream 演讲稿中文翻译我梦想有一天,阿拉巴马州能够有所转变,尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议,反对联邦法令,但有着一日,那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能够与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,携手并进。

i have a dream 演讲稿Every one has his own dream. When I was a little kid , my dream was even to have a candy shop of my own .But now ,when I am 16 years old ,standing here ,my dreams have already changed a lot.I have got quite different experience from other girls. While they were playing toys at home, while they were dreaming to be the princesses in the story .I was running in the hard rain, jumping in the heavy snow,pitching in the strong wind. Nothing could stop me ,because of a wonderful call from my heart -- to be an athlete. Yeah ,of course ,I'm an athlete, I'm so proud of that all the time .Today I say to you my friends that even though I must face the difficulties of yesterday ,today and tomorrow .I still have a dream .It is a dream deeplyrooted in my soul.I have a dream that one day, I can run, jump and pitch just like I used to be.I have a dream that one day, I can go back to my dream sports and join the national team.I have a dream that one day ,I can stand on the highest place at the Olympic games. With all the cameras pointing at me. I will tell everyone that I'm so proud to be a Chinese athlete!This is my hope .This is the faith that I continue my steps with!!!With this faith, I will live though the strong wind and heavy rain ,never give up !So let victory ring from my heart, from all of you. When we allow victory to ring .I must be the one!In my imagination, I'm a bird ,a magical bird.I carry my dreams all with me by my big wings. I fly though the mountains ,though the forests ,over the sea, to the sun ,the warmest place in the aerospace!Every night ,I have a dream ,I see a girl ---smiling~That’s all thank you!中文翻译我有一个梦想一百年前,一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言,今天我们就是在他的雕像前集会。

小学六年级英语演讲稿带中文翻译

小学六年级英语演讲稿带中文翻译

小学六年级英语演讲稿带中文翻译篇一:英语演讲稿6年级带翻译my life good morning, everyone! today i am very happy, because i can talk with willtalk about my life .first , i will talk about my havea happy family. there are threemembers in my family, they are my father, my mother, and i. my father is very talland strong. he is 45 years old. he is a businessman. he works very likes sports,he often plays basketball. he goes to work by bike. he watches tv in themother is very beautiful. she has long black hair and big eyes. she likes singing.she works very hard. she is a very excellent teacher. she is very second ,i will talk about sports. i am a lovely boy. i like many kinds of sports,such as walking, running, swimming, climbing, cycling and skipping. sports give mea good health and bring me a lot of fun. now, i willtell you about my cycling sport.i often ride my bike when i am free. i like to ride my bike on a road. there are nocars and few people on the road. it is not very long. it is very good for cycling.when i ride down the slope, the bike runs very fast, and i feel like flying. it’s very good for me. cycling gives me a lot of give me a strong body andbring me a lot of fun. if you want to be strong, please do sports; if you want to enjoy a happy life, please do sports, too. third,i will talk about the secret of sucess .no matter what your study method in english learning is or how smart you may be, you must persist in your practiceto truly be successful.you must go on practicing every spare minute of every day without stop. you must repeat the same sentences over and over until you can just blurt them out naturally. you must force yourself to keep practicing working and striving toimprove.there is never a point when you can truly say, i have mastered english there isalways more tolearn and room to your specific goal in english learning may be. persistence is always the ultimate key to reaching success. conquer your loneliness!conquer your shyness!conquer your laziness!conquer all your inner demons! we will make it!i am with you all the way.篇二:精选小学生英语演讲稿6篇下载 i love english 我喜欢英语good morning everyone,may i have your attention,please i am very happy to be here. my nameis . topic is i love english. as everyone knows,english is very important we can speak english well,wewill have more chance to succeed. but for myself , i learn english notonly because of its importance andits usefulness, but also because of my love for i speak english,i can feelthe confident from my i write english,i can seethe beauty which is notthe same as our chinese...i love english,it gives me a colorful dream. i hope i can travel around the worldone day.thank you!our schoolgood morning, my dear teachers and friends! my name is ____,.today, i am veryhappy to be here. my topic is “our school”. thats all. thanks! 我们的学校早上好,我亲爱的老师和朋友们!我的名字是_____。

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译-英语演讲稿带翻译

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译-英语演讲稿带翻译

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译:英语演讲稿带翻译英语作为一门语言学科,具有工具性和人文性。

就工具性而言,学生通过英语学习掌握基本的英语语言知识,而语言与故事的关系就像花与土壤的关系,语言的学习离不开故事,所以英语语言的学习和故事不是割裂开的。

本文是英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译,希望对大家有帮助!英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译:守株待兔In the Spring and Autumn Period, a farmer in the State of Song was one day working in the fields when he saw a rabbit bump into a tree stump(树桩) accidentally and break its neck. The farmer took the rabbit home, and cooked himself a delicious meal. That night he thought, 'I needn't work so hard. All I have to do is wait for a rabbit each day by the stump.' So from then on he gave up farming, and simply sat by the stump waiting for rabbits to come and run into it.This idiom satirizes(讽刺,挖苦) those who just wait for a stroke of luck, ratherthan making efforts to obtain what they need.守株待兔宋国有个农夫正在田里翻土。

突然,他看见有一只野兔从旁边的草丛里慌慌张张地窜出来,一头撞在田边的树墩子上,便倒在那儿一动也不动了。

英语演讲稿带中文翻译

英语演讲稿带中文翻译

英语演讲稿带中文翻译引言亲爱的各位朋友们,大家好!我很荣幸站在这里,给大家带来一场关于英语演讲的分享。

今天,我将向大家介绍英语演讲的重要性,并提供一些提高英语演讲能力的方法和技巧。

英语演讲的重要性如今,在全球化的时代,掌握一门国际通用语言是非常重要的。

而英语作为国际交流和商务合作中最广泛使用的语言之一,其重要性不言而喻。

在学习英语的过程中,除了学习英语的基础知识和语法规则外,演讲能力也是一个非常关键的方面。

英语演讲能力对个人发展和职业成功都有着巨大的影响。

无论是在学校还是在工作场合,都经常需要我们展示自己的观点和表达能力。

通过参与英语演讲,我们可以提高自己的表达能力、自信心和演讲技巧。

同时,通过演讲可以有效地传达自己的观点和吸引听众的注意力。

提高英语演讲能力的方法和技巧1. 练习口语表达第一,在提高英语演讲能力的过程中,练习口语表达是非常重要的。

我们可以通过与母语为英语的人士交流来提高口语水平。

可以参加英语角或寻找英语学习伙伴,每天与他们练习对话。

另外,我们还可以通过大量阅读英语文章、报纸和杂志,扩大词汇量和阅读理解能力。

在日常生活中尽量多使用英语进行交流,比如与朋友、同事或家人进行英语对话,这样有助于提高我们的口语表达能力。

2. 刻意练习演讲技巧第二,为了提高英语演讲能力,我们需要刻意练习演讲技巧。

首先,确定演讲的主题和目标,然后进行大量的背诵练习,熟悉演讲内容。

我们还可以利用录音设备进行录音并回放,对比自己的表现,找出需要改进的地方。

另外,注意身体语言和声音的运用也是演讲技巧中的重要部分。

我们可以通过观看一些优秀演讲者的演讲视频来学习他们的身体语言和声音运用技巧,并尝试在自己的演讲中应用。

3. 多参与演讲活动第三,多参与演讲活动也是提高英语演讲能力的好方法。

我们可以加入学校或社区组织的演讲比赛,或者参加一些英语演讲训练班。

通过这些活动,我们可以获得更多的演讲机会,锻炼自己的演讲技巧,并学习和其他演讲者的经验。

ISBP中英文版翻译稿

ISBP中英文版翻译稿

目录先期事项.......................................................适用范围....................................................信用证和修改的申请、信用证开立及修改 ....................... 总则...........................................................缩略语......................................................证明书和证明、声明书和声明 .................................UCP600第19条至第25条的运输单据的副本.....................更正与更改(统称“更正”) ..................................寄送单据、通知等的快递收据、邮政收据或投邮证明 .............日期........................................................单据中的空格栏..............................................UCP600运输条款不适用的单据.................................UCP600未定义的用语............................ 错误!未指定书签。

单据出具人..................................................数学计算....................................................拼写或打字错误..............................................多页单据和附件或附文 .......................................非单据化条件和数据矛盾 .....................................正本和副本..................................................唛头........................................................签字........................................................单据名称及联合单据.......................................... 汇票及到期日计算...............................................基本要求....................................................付款期限....................................................付款到期日..................................................银行工作日、宽限期和付款延迟 ...............................出具和签署..................................................金额........................................................更正与更改(统称“更正”) ..................................以开证申请人为付款人的汇票 ................................. 发票...........................................................发票名称....................................................发票出具人..................................................货物、服务或履约行为的描述及发票的其它一般性事项 (37)分期支款或装运.............................................. 涵盖至少两种不同运输方式的运输单据(“多式或联合运输单据”).....UCP600第19条的适用 (42)多式运输单据的出具、承运人、承运人身份的识别及签署 .........装船批注、装运日期、收货、发送或接管地、装货港或出发地机场.最终目的地、卸货港或目的地机场 .............................正本多式运输单据............................................收货人、指示方、托运人和背书、被通知人 .....................转运、部分装运,以及提交多套多式运输单据时如何确定交单期...清洁多式运输单据............................................货物描述....................................................目的地交货代理人的名称与地址 .................. 错误!未定义书签。

奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译(精选多篇)

奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译(精选多篇)

奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译(精选多篇) 第一篇:奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译if there is anyone out there e coming, but tonight, because of y partner in this journey, a man iss them tonight, and kno the young people others and fathers ise you - aking this nation the only mon a neore divided than ours, "erica's beacon still burns as bright - tonight y mind tonight is about a e ontgomery, the hoses in birmingham, a bridge in selma, and a preacher from atlanta erica, e - to put our people back to ocrat and republican, black, paign, and he's fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. he has endured sacrifices for america that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and alia, i love you both so much, and you have earned the neuch money or many endorsements. our campaign e. you did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. for even as b any ake that change. and that cannot happen if ptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. let us remember that it ay have strained it must not break our bonds of affection." and to those americans ust achieve tomorroe mon purpose. yes an touched douch more to do. so tonight, let us ask ourselves - if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as ann nixon cooper, a)为今晚在芝加哥演讲准备的讲稿中文翻译全文:如果还有人对美国是否凡事都有可能存疑,还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活,还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量,那么今晚,这些问题都有了答案,奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译,演讲稿《奥巴马获胜演讲稿英语全文中文翻译》。

21 CFR 801 翻译稿中英文对照

21 CFR 801 翻译稿中英文对照

801.1Medical devices;name and place of business of manufacturer,packer or distributor.医疗器械,制造商、包装商或分销商的经营名称和地址(a)The label of a device in package form shall specify conspicuously the name and placeof business of the manufacturer,packer,or distributor.器械包装的标标识上应醒目地标明制造商、包装商或分销商的经营名称和地址。

(b)(b)The requirement for declaration of the name of the manufacturer,packer,ordistributor shall be deemed to be satisfied,in the case of a corporation,only by theactual corporate name which may be preceded or followed by the name of theparticular division of the corporation.Abbreviations for"Company,""Incorporated,"etc.,may be used and"The"may be omitted.In the case of an individual,partnership,or association,the name under which the business is conducted shall be used.对于制造商、包装商或分销商的名称,要提供公司的真实名称,在公司名称的前后可列出该公司特定部门的名称。

英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇

英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇

英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇晦涩的英语演讲稿刚拿到手肯定不好背诵,但是有了附带的译文那就不一样了,结合背诵速度杠杠的。

你知道英语演讲稿中文翻译有哪些吗?下面是小编整理的英语演讲稿中文翻译,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。

英语演讲稿中文翻译1ladies and gentlemen, good morning! i’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech.man’s life is a process of growing up, actually i’m standing here is a growth. if a person’s life must constituted by various choices, then i grow up along with these choices. once i hope i can study in a college in future, however that’s passed, as you know i come here, now i wonder what the future holds for me.when i come to this school, i told to myself: this my near future, all starts here. following i will learn to become a man, a integrated man, who has a fine body, can take on important task, has independent thought, an open mind, intensive thought, has the ability to judge right and wrong, has a perfect job.once my teacher said :” you are not sewing, you are stylist; never forget which you should lay out to people is your thought, not craft.” i will put my personality with my interest and ability into my study, during these process i will combine learning with doing. if i can achieve this “future”, i think that i really grow up. and i deeply believe kindred, good-fellowship and love will perfection and happy in the future.how to say future? maybe it’s a nice wish. lets make up our minds, stick to it and surely well enjoy our life.中文大意:女士们,先生们,上午好。

初二英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇

初二英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇

初二英语演讲稿中文翻译5篇英语演讲稿,不但考验的是演讲者的演讲技巧,还考验演讲者的英语口语能力。

英语演讲稿的撰写,是英语演讲的一个不可忽视的重要环节。

下面是我整理的初二英语演讲稿中文翻译,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。

初二英语演讲稿中文翻译1People are alarmed by the succession of campus fires in recent years. In each of these accidents heavy casualties were reported – houses were burned down students lost their lives and properties were damaged. Faced with such a chilling fact people keep asking “What on earth results in these repeated tragedies?”近年来,人们对连续的校园火灾感到震惊。

每一个事故中都有严重伤亡报道,房屋被烧毁,学生失去生命,财产受到损失。

面对这样一个令人毛骨悚然的事实,人们不禁反问,“究竟是什么导致这些悲剧反复发生?”A brief survey of them reveals that human factors still prove to be the leading causes. For example three of these fires were caused by the students’ use of electric water-heaters. As students often leave the heaters unattended the risks are rather high should the water in the bottle boil dry while no one is around to turn off the power. In othercases fires were also caused by stoves candles cigarette butts etc.一项简单的调查揭露,人为因素仍然是主要的原因。

翻译稿,英翻汉

翻译稿,英翻汉

姓名:高荣学号:3121101232班级:英语122一个欢迎陌生人的花园我不知道她的样貌,我也不知道她的名字。

但是,从过去几十年她精心培育的花园,我感觉我认识她。

她居住的房子距离我家有两英里,建于十九世纪中叶,靠近新泽西州海岸,典型特征是简单的两层楼、方方正正的平面、陡峭的斜屋顶和未加修饰的线条。

她的花园也很简单。

她不是一个传统的花匠,不会做任何事情都遵照书本、而是听从普通的意见去改变自己的种植。

因此,从春天的第一株番红花开到秋天最后一株菊花凋谢,园子里总有一些花在绽放。

园艺讲究一条规则:高的植物应种在多年生植物的后面,矮的植物在前面,中等高的植物在中间,有时因为特别的强调会有一些特例。

然而,她并不遵循这样的规则。

在她的花园里,所有的植物都是重点而且都很高。

有迹象清楚地表明:她喜爱花并且只有三种,分别是玫瑰、铁线莲和百合花。

这些花混合地掺杂着给人一种愉悦的心情而没有显然的设计感。

她种植了十二种铁线莲,大概共有五十株。

铁线莲被培育、捆扎,为的是它们能够爬上金属杆。

在整个夏季,每个杆子上的植物都间歇地达到顶点,伴随着一大片各色各样的花朵,有深紫色的、深红色的、淡紫色的、淡蓝色的和纯白色的。

对于玫瑰,她更喜欢老式的。

视野之中没有一株现代杂交的茶叶玫瑰或花束月季,相反,她更喜欢其他时代的玫瑰,如约克玫瑰、兰开斯特玫瑰、包心玫瑰、大马士革玫瑰和各色各样的其他玫瑰。

她增殖玫瑰的方法:把剪枝插进土壤里,用倒置的加仑罐子保护。

我认为,她最喜欢的是百合花。

除了圣母百合,不可能一一说出各种花的名字。

因为在花床四周分布着木制的公寓,满满地种植着深绿色的百合幼苗。

夹杂着日期和记录的纸质标签从种子荚飘过,这表明她是个业余的爱好者,钟情于暖色调的或淡柠檬色的百合花。

人们认为,她喜欢与他人分享自己的花园。

因为在花园旁有一个标志牌,写着:这是我的花园,欢迎你到这里。

你可以尽情欣赏眼前美景,但请不要摘下娇嫩的花朵。

五年前,花园依然被精心照料着,草地也有一直施肥打理,花床里没有杂草,高高的百合花也有木桩细心地支撑着。

青春励志英语演讲稿带中文翻译6篇

青春励志英语演讲稿带中文翻译6篇

青春励志英语演讲稿带中文翻译6篇青春励志英语演讲稿带中文翻译 (1) As you slowly open your eyes,look around,notice where the light comesinto your room; listen carefully,see if there are new sounds you canrecognize; feel with your body and spirit,and see if you can sense thefreshness in the air.Yes,yes,yes,it’s a new day,it’s a different day,and it’s a brightday!And most importantly,it’s a new beginning for your life,a beginningwhere you are going to make new decisions,take new actions,make newfriends,and take your life to a totally unprecedented(空前的) level.In your mind’s eye,you can see clearly the things you want to have,thepaces you intend to go,the relationships you desire to develop,and thepositions you aspire(励志) to reach.You can hear your laughters of joy and happiness on the day wheneverything happens as you dream.You can see the smiles on the people aroundyou when the magic moment strikes.You can feel your face is gettingred,your heart is beating fast,and your blood is rushing all over yourbody,to every single corner of your being!You know all this is real as long as you are confident,passionate andcommitted!(效忠的) And you are confident,you are passionate,you arecommitted!You will no longer fear making new sounds,showing new facialexpressions,using your body in new ways,approaching new people,and askingnew questions.You will live every single day of your life with absolute passion,andyou will show your passion through the words you speak and the actionsyou take.You will focus all your time and effort on the most important goalsof your life.You will never succumb(屈服,屈从) to challenges ofhardships.You will never waver(动摇) in your pursuit of excellence.Afterall,you are the best,and you deserve the best!As your coach and friend,I can assure you the door to all the bestthings in the world will open to you,but the key to that door is in yourhand.You must do your part.You must faithfully follow the plans you makeand take the actions you plan; you must never quit and you must never fear.Iknow you must do it,you can do it,you will do it,and you will succeed!Nowstand firm and tall,make a fist,get excited,and yell it out:I must do it!I can do it!I will do it!I will succeed!I must do it!I can do it!I will do it!I will succeed!I must do it!I can do it!I will do it!I will succeed!青春励志英语演讲稿带中文翻译 (2) Efforts toward the success of the process, at first glance, like ablack tunnel, sight of the head, such as Middle School graduating classof students, there are endless day of work, on the go, feel not enoughsleep, many people every day, "the first cantilever cone piercing, to burnthe midnight oil", a day in the "two line" between the hard work ……every day life is like a copier in print, everything is repeated.Do not forget, the sun is new!New, is a beautiful state of mind!The new sun, Is this not a hope?Every day see it, is like night and see the light of the black population, is it not a happiness?Yes, the weight of our heavy burden almost collapsed, too high expectations, we are firmly nailed to the ground, but perhaps the greatest burden is also a symbol of life enriched.Nietzsche said that people do not suffer the power of pessimism, so we do not have to smile toward victory, but the face of temporary difficulties, we have to smile, but also to heart smile.Indulge in the journey to success is to be truly "buried" go on, these days need to break the house in, calm down, only to maintain "calm the mind like water" state, to put the final sprint.We like that in the car, the destination, beautiful scenery along the way, it is tempting, but you better not to involve them too much energy, and make the eyes has been moving in the direction of the end, if the tolerance is not temporary living jumped out to enjoy the beauty, the car drove off, maybe you will see another vehicle, you might end up the same destination, but life is not your standard point moment.In a particular stage of life has a special mission.Study stage, is to achieve goals in life, when an important step, if miss this opportunity, you will be repentant, so severely heart, leaving the pretty girls for the time being a waste of time, the clothes and dress up, boys put aside their attractive comic books and computer games, put off that a distant "green apple" Love it!Summer, fall, fruit is not Abstract.Picked and eaten, not sweet gesture, or until the harvesting season, so go enjoy the harvest of joy in it!Set aside what irrelevant thoughts and move forward, looked up days, with the heart to see the world, because the sun always new.Softly said to himself: "If not me, the world will be less of a person appreciate the beautiful sun." Is such a state of mind, so you always wonderful for yourself!Spring, flowers, wind throw area; summer, flowers open, butterfly fluttering; autumn sky was clear and leaves as fire; winter, bleak, snowy, whether Hanlaishuwang, spring, summer autumn and winter, the sun rose as usual from ……No Better, I do not know who carried out normally enough, few people need to know how much effort to achieve the dream, we can only continue to move forward, forward, then forward, "We are seizing the day is long!"Seize the day, when you blankly; seize the day, when you depressed; seize the day, when you lazy, seize the day, at a time when you have a dream; the sun every day is new, Life is always full of hope, start now, take every moment, do not hesitate!So, thirty-one years ago today, I drove from Madison, Wisconsin, to Los Angeles, California. On the way, I passed Camp Randall, where my college graduation ceremony was in progress. I thought about going to the ceremony, but it meant I would've arrived in Hollywood one day later, and at the time I just didn't see the point. I wanted to get there.Gertrude Stein once said about Hollywood, "When you get there, there is no 'there' there." That's true. However, there will be a swimming pool and tennis court. In the end, though, it's probably not enough to justify a life's journey. Getting there, particularly in show business, is tough enough. You need a combination of talent, ambition, luck and a willingness to tell actors how beautiful they look today.In retrospect, getting there was the easy part. Finding a "there" there is much harder. So today, before you get into your cars and race off to the rest of your lives, I want to give you some advice on how to get there. And I want to help make sure that when you get there, you find a "there" there.To that end, I will give you my five rules to think about, quickly forget, but years from now kick yourself for not having listened to.向着成功努力的过程,乍一看,就像一条黑漆的隧道,望不到头,比如高三毕业班的学生,每天有做不完的作业,忙不完的事,睡不够的觉,许多人每天都要"头悬梁锥刺骨,地挑灯夜战",每天在"两点一线"之间劳碌……一天天的生活就像复印机里印出来的,一切都在重复。

英语发言稿万能模板有中文翻译

英语发言稿万能模板有中文翻译

英语发言稿万能模板有中文翻译发言稿是我们在公开场合表达观点、演讲或者发表见解时所使用的一种书面稿件。

一份好的发言稿能够帮助我们更好地组织语言,清晰地表达自己的想法。

下面是一个英语发言稿的万能模板,同时提供了中文翻译,希望能够对大家在英语演讲中有所帮助。

开场白Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone.大家早上/下午/晚上好。

I am honored to stand here today to talk about…我很荣幸今天站在这里讲述…引入话题Let’s start by considering…让我们从…开始考虑。

Have you ever thought about…?你有没有想过…?It is a well-known fact that…众所周知…引用观点As the saying goes,…俗话说…According to statistics/data/research,…根据统计数据/资料/研究…举例说明For example, let me give you an example…例如,让我给你举一个例子…In other words,…换句话说…提出解决方案To solve this problem, we could start by…为了解决这个问题,我们可以从…开始。

One possible solution would be…一个可能的解决方案是…总结观点In conclusion, I believe that…总而言之,我相信…To sum up,…总而言之…结语Thank you for listening.谢谢大家的聆听。

I hope that my speech has been informative/inspiring/helpful.希望我的发言能够给您带来信息/启发/帮助。

通过这个模板,我们可以更好地准备英语演讲稿,并通过中文翻译更容易理解每个部分的含义。

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译 英语演讲稿带翻译

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译 英语演讲稿带翻译

英语故事演讲稿带中文翻译英语演讲稿带翻译(English)Good morning everyone,Today, I would like to share a story with you. It's a story about determination and perseverance.Once upon a time, there was a young boy named Jack. Jack lived in a small village where people often told him that he would never succeed in life. But Jack had a dream. He wanted to become a doctor and help people in need.Determined to achieve his goal, Jack worked hard every day. He studied late into the night, even though his friends would often tease him. But Jack didn't let their negativity discourage him. He knew that if he wanted to succeed, he had to stay focused and not let anything or anyone distract him.Years went by, and Jack's hard work paid off. He received a scholarship to a prestigious medical school. It was a dream come true for him. But Jack's journey didn't end there. Medical school was tough, and there were many times when he felt like giving up. But he remembered all the hardships he had overcome in the past and used that as motivation to keep going.After years of intense study and hard work, Jack finally graduated from medical school with flying colors. He became a successful doctor, just like he had always dreamed. And not only did he help people in need, but he also inspired many others to follow their dreams and not give up.The moral of this story is that no matter what others say, if you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve anything you set your mind to. Don't let negativity or obstacles discourage you. Stay focused, persevere, and success will come.Thank you.(Chinese translation)大家早上好,今天我想和大家分享一个故事。

儿童英语演讲稿带中文翻译

儿童英语演讲稿带中文翻译

儿童英语演讲稿带中文翻译Title: My Favorite Animal A Speech in English for Children。

大家好,我今天想和大家分享我最喜欢的动物。

我喜欢的动物是熊猫。

Pandas are very cute and cuddly animals. They have black and white fur, and they look like they are wearing a tuxedo. Pandas are also very lazy animals. They spend most of their day eating bamboo and sleeping. But even though they are lazy, they are still very interesting animals.熊猫非常可爱,毛茸茸的。

他们有黑白相间的毛发,看起来像穿着礼服。

熊猫也是非常懒惰的动物。

他们大部分时间都在吃竹子和睡觉。

但是尽管他们很懒惰,他们仍然是非常有趣的动物。

Pandas are native to China, and they are considered a national treasure. They are also an endangered species, which means there are not many of them left in the world.Pandas are very important to China, and many people work hard to protect them.熊猫是中国的本土动物,被认为是国宝。

他们也是濒危物种,这意味着世界上没有多少熊猫了。

熊猫对中国非常重要,许多人努力保护它们。

I love pandas because they are so cute and funny. I also love that they are important to China and that people are working hard to protect them. I hope that one day I can visit China and see a real panda in person.我喜欢熊猫,因为它们非常可爱和有趣。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

社会支持中老年人的认知功能的影响摘要:社会支持是中老年人重要的日常活动。

这项研究测试假设以社区环境为社会背景,评估社会支持和认知功能之间的关联。

通过分层随机抽样的方法,对4993位老年(≥65岁)本市市民进行面对面访谈,采用多元回归分析,我们调查了社会支持对认知功能的影响。

12%的人超过80岁。

53.28%为男性。

67.14%是已婚。

较高的便携式心理状况问卷(SPMSQ)成绩(分数越高意味着更好的认知功能)与强大的社会支持有关,如婚姻状况衡量和可感知的朋友积极支持。

由婚姻状况和朋友积极支持进行测量,较低的认知功能与年龄,并与女性受访者有关。

日常生活(IADL)只有工具性活动中有统计学负相关SPMSQ,较低的功能状态与较低的认知功能有关。

小学教育程度的老年人比有高中教育程度的老年人的SPMSQ得分更低。

在台湾,高级认知功能的社区老人的生活与社会支持的增加密切相关。

社区管理机构应为老年人提供更多合适的社会活动,从而促进更好的生活质量。

背景:在社区环境下,日常活动中的社会支持对老年人来说是很重要的,一些研究也证实了社会支持与认知功能之间的联系,具有社会啮合的生活方式与较高的认知分数有着密切联系。

从Bassuk与同事的纵向研究(1999)中我们发现,和那些有五六个社会支持系统的的老年人比较,那些没有社会支持的老年人认知能力下降的风险更提高;把与亲属和朋友发生联系的频率作为一个社会支持指标,博尔特和他的同事发现,社会支持与老年人能力发展有明显的联系,。

研究还表明,社会角色的参与和个人控制因素不只是在减缓身体健康状况下降中起到作用,而且对缓解ADL下降有积极作用。

一项前瞻性的研究表明,通过对1207位75岁以上的非痴呆老年人进行为期3年的跟踪调查,Fratiglioni和他的同事(2000)发现,社交网络可以降低老年痴呆症的发病率。

除了Fratiglioni等人的研究,其他针对社会支持对老年人认知能力影响这一课题的研究都被样本大小和潜在的混杂因素所影响,如教育和健康状况的限制的认知状态。

因为受访者通常自我提到,所以数据收集的选择偏差也一直存在。

社会支持的概念很难确定。

一些研究使用代用指标,如职业地位,对社会活动的效果进行概括和总结。

有些人将以前的社会经济地位等同于社会活动,从而进行定义社会支持,而另一些则使用复合活性尺度作为社会活动的代名词。

孤独也被用于预测精神状态,包括抑郁症[12]。

然而,孤独是主观的而不等同于客观社会隔离。

一个人可以独自生活,很少社交接触,不感到孤独。

相比之下,一个被其他人包围着的人反而可能会感受到孤独。

对于老年人而言,社交网络和社会接触之间的差异可能会导致孤独[13 - 16]。

社会接触和感知到社会支持的家庭成员,朋友和熟人对满足老年人不同的社会需求很重要。

尽管有研究表明,ADL功能与情感和社会孤独有密切联系[17],但是它没有调查心理孤独感和认知之间的关系。

我们通过抽取一个大的样本来代表台湾的老年人群体,研究社会支持对认知功能的影响。

通过控制个人特征,如年龄、性别和健康状况,我们调查老年人社会支持和认知功能之间的联系。

方法研究样本2000年10月,我们使用分层随机抽样方法从台湾省南部高雄市11个区收集数据。

相同的时间间隔方法从每个区随机选择调查对象。

列出≥65岁并且具备注册信息的,包含姓名、地址、性别和年龄的城市居民。

这项研究获得高雄市的卫生部门研究伦理委员会批准通过。

所有住在高雄地区65岁以上的老年居民,不包括植物人,不省人事的,处于半昏迷状态,患有老年痴呆症或者其他严重的精神疾病或严重的脊髓损伤等疾病。

在最终分析过程中,将地址未知和非本人受访的样本进行排除。

根据名单上106697位符合要求的老年人,共发出6367份问卷,并由训练有素的注册护理人员完成4993份访谈工作。

调研人员的培训涉及综合介绍调查采访和实地考察技术,研究和审查的具体方面,调研人员是负责任的。

在培训阶段,培训效果的可靠性由组内相关系数(ICC)衡量,最终评测结果相关性为0.827。

82例患者采用代理采访的方式,由一个亲密的朋友或家庭成员代为接受访谈。

代理受访者不应谈及自我感觉记忆,如若谈及将从最终分析中删除。

46个老年人患有有严重精神疾病被排除在外。

42位老年人访谈后去世,742位老年人由于住宅或未知地址的变化失去联系,在研究期间四人被诊断出患有老年痴呆症,76位老年人拒绝参与,386名受访者数据损失无效。

以上主题被排除在最终分析外,最后研究样本包含4989名65岁以上受访者。

超过80岁的老年人约占样本总量的12%,53.28%为男性,67.14%结婚,18.9%至少是高中文化水平。

虽然在我们的研究中,性别分布(χ2 = 3.43,p = 0.148)和教育(χ2 = 5.955,p = .062)类似于全台湾老年人群体特征的,婚姻状况(χ2 = 48.432,p < . 05)和年龄(tvalue = 15.26,p < 0.05)不符合台湾的权利老年人的特征,但是这些数据在高雄的整个老年群体中具有很强的代表性[18]。

措施因变量因变量是认知功能,通过便携式心理状态调查问卷(SPMSQ)进行测量。

、SPMSQ 是由菲佛创建,通过调查老年人的心理状态来总结共性,从而创立本调查问卷的。

我们选择SPMSQ来衡量,是因为它的简洁允许我们评估认知功能时,避免税负压力和认知健康导致调查结果失真。

虽然公共健康护士通过前置训练然后进行访谈,但是他们正式的神经培训没有进行评估。

然而,韦尔奇(1999)发现SPMSQ可以准确应用于没有正式神经训练的访谈者[19]。

以上就是我们选择SPMSQ的所有原因,即使患者具备更好的敏感性和特异性[20]。

MMSE分数也更容易适应于教育、智力、年龄、CVA和社会阶层等各方面不同的受访者。

SPMSQ的有效性在台湾人口和器质性脑综合症患者中得到了证实[21]。

SPMSQ可以无视障碍从完整的功能评估性能的总范围。

受访者被问及的问题和不允许访问信息或对象可能会刺激他们的记忆。

这个测试包括10个问题,包括处理取向、个人历史、远程内存和计算。

每个正确答案收到1点。

摘要得分是由加法的10项,产生一个从0到10的范围。

SPMSQ内部一致性研究规模为0.98。

从认知测试测量的一般信息认知能力[25]中丢失的数据和“不知道”的反应通常被认为是不正确的(11、26)。

在这项研究中,缺失值SPMSQ总是被认为不正确的答案。

独立变量我们通过四个措施来反映客观和主观的社会支持维度检查。

衡量一个二分变量(结婚与未结婚),婚姻状况被选中,是因为配偶可以是一个重要的情感和切实的支持来源[27]。

假设认为积极支持从朋友测量,申请人被要求是否他有一个好朋友,日常与谁交流。

独自生活是通过一个分类变量来衡量(是与否)。

孤独是通过受访者选择等级来衡量这种感觉,规模三分:1 =强,2 =一般 3 =小。

控制变量社会支持可能与SPMSQ有关,因为它与其他因素的联系集中体现在衰老过程中。

为了减少虚假关联的可能性,我们选择一组控制变量来实证评估社会关系和SPMSQ之间的关联。

社会经济地位五个社会统计学变量的使用。

年龄是出生日期和访谈日期之间的时间差。

性别被定义为一个虚拟变量,男性和女性编码为0 1。

宗教是分为4个虚拟变量:传统的基督徒,天主教和其他与佛教作为参照组。

职业被分为5个虚拟变量:蓝领,农民,专业行政主管,退休家庭主妇,以白领为参照组。

教育分为2个虚拟变量:小学和大学或以上或以下,以高中为参考。

功能状态身体健康状况可能会影响社会网络和社会支持,特别是疾病、残疾和健康自我评价压力等身体健康影响因素[31]。

功能状态是指人们完成日常生活活动能力(ADL)和工具性日常生活活动(IADL)所应具备的能力和水平。

Katz ADL指数被用来评估个人自我维护(沐浴,穿衣,个人卫生、转让、自制和喂养),规模四点:0 =独立,1 =半独立的设备上(使用设备需要帮助),2 =半独立的人(需要援助的人)和3 =完全依赖。

总分是由加法得分项,年龄范围从0到18岁。

内部一致性是α= 0.95。

IADL是复杂的任务,比如旅游,购物,做饭,做家务和处理个人财务状况[32]。

与ADL主要相关的是人体的基本维护,IADL主要处理和执行更复杂的任务,在连接社会产生广泛的影响能力和独立生活(33、34)。

因此,在探测老年人口的障碍时,IADL可能比ADL更有用[32]。

功能状态一直认为通过限制社会活动和下限社会接触的机会减少老年人与家人和朋友交互[35]。

测量功能状态的自我报告问受访者是否他们能够执行自己每个IADL:准备吃饭,购物,服药,步行距离的旅行,理财或使用电话。

我们用三点量表测量上述六项:0 =独立,1 =设备上半独立(使用设备需要帮助),2 =半独立的人(需要援助的人),3 =完全依赖。

总分是由加法得分项,产生一系列的0到18岁。

内部一致性是α= 0.91。

健康状况报告卫生条件变量之间的相互关系(帕金森症、心脏病、高血压、慢性肺部疾病、糖尿病和中风)和心理测试,如SPMSQ,已建议。

然而,研究关于这个相互关系产生了不确定的结果[37-39]。

我们包括我仿佛忽视了卫生条件中几个变量(1 =是的,0 =没有):高血压、糖尿病、视觉、听觉、癌症和抑郁症。

由于其强大的与因变量我们并没有将痴呆症作为一种健康状况,因为它被排除在最终的分析之外。

分析计划进行描述性分析,了解学习样本。

不同的认知功能与人口统计变量检查。

我们还调查了协会SPMSQ得分和所有二级人口和健康变量采用卡方检验之间。

在人口统计学变量多组,单向方差分析(ANOVA)是用来检测任何差异,各组间的差异。

一旦差异进行确认,事后分析(统计检验)进行具体的组间差异。

多元回归被用来回归认知功能评分。

独立变量(社会支持)和所有协变量找到重要的指标(用α水平在0.05和0.01)。

初步分析,包括年龄,性别,宗教,职业和健康状态变量(例如,糖尿病和高血压)作为协变量之间的关系确定的个体特征,功能状态,社会支持和认知功能。

所有的分析使用统计软件SAS 8e。

结果表1描述了研究样本的响应率,共发放问卷6367份。

4993访谈都有效,1378例无效。

响应率为78%。

研究变量的汇总统计数据显示在表2。

参加者的平均年龄为73岁±5.49。

大多数人结婚了,可以从朋友的积极支持和寂寞的感觉来确定。

56%是佛教徒(56%);33.93%是家庭主妇;约20%名专业人员。

百分之32有高血压;0.6%有癌症;平均ADL和IADL得分(范围0–18)分别为0.35和0.95,分别。

平均认知功能评分9.36(±1.41),范围0–10。

认知功能评分作为衡量认知功能(表3)。

相关文档
最新文档