考博英语语法重点总结(3)
考博英语语法之过去分词与形容词的差别
考博英语语法总结过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged：being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful：feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred ：Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential：Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving：She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable： a sweet lovable childLovely：We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated：While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant：trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable：All in all，it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。
考博英语重点语法：后置定语
考博英语重点语法：后置定语一.介词短语作后置定语，如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路)，the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。
分为以下三类：1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.He is the first to finish the task.There are a lot of things to do.2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语，具体说明抽象名词的内容。
常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。
例句：He has the ability to do the work.I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的含义。
例如：Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.三、分词短语作后置定语。
考博英语词汇精讲
考博英语词汇精讲考博英语词汇精讲主讲: 马振旗加强⼤纲词汇的记忆，不同场合的搭配，深度词义的记忆，提⾼语法知识，做真题，⽆⾮就是考三点：近似词、近义词和词组词汇解题思路：1）提炼主⼲；2）搭配关系；3）句⼦结构；4）词汇辨析；5）⼀词多义1）提炼主⼲A）化繁为简，分清结构B）分析成分，确定词性C）理顺逻辑，辨析词义After his uncle died, the young man ______ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble.A. inhabitedB. inheritedC. inhibitedD.interested2）搭配关系A）背词不搭配，受累⼜⽩费。
（深度记词，活学活⽤）B）全句谓语是中⼼，前思后想看动宾I _____ a lot of knowledge from my trip to Africa.A. learnB. studyC. obtainD. achieve1. Blue, yellow and red are _____ colors.A. criticalB. essentialC. primary（原⾊）D. necessary2. All All her hard work ______ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.A. showed off 显耀B. paid offC. left off离开D. kept off阻⽌3. The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so can _____ the performance of many children.A. withholdB. preventC. enhanceD. justify3）句⼦结构A）简单B）并列a) 同义b) 递进c) 反义In 1991, while（尽管） the economies of industrialized countries met an economic ______, the economies of developing countries were growing very fast.A. revival复苏B. repression压迫C. recession衰退D. recovery恢复C）复合(状语从句)a) 时间b) 地点c) 条件d) ⽐较e) 让步f) ⽅式g) 原因h) ⽬的i) 结果I don’t think you’ll change his mind; once he’s decided onsomething, he tends to ______ it.A. stick toB. give upC. comply with符合D. put off4）词汇辨析（考试主要部分）1）近义It is estimated that, currently, about 50,000 species become ______ every year.A. extinct灭绝B. instinct直接C. distinct区分D. intense剧烈2）近似（仔细⽐较词性、⽤法、搭配）We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______ to employment opportunities.A. entrance进⼊B. entry进⼊C. access进⼊D. admission允许进⼊3）词组Tom placed the bank notes, _____ the change and receipt, back in the drawer.A. more than⽽不是B. but for要不是C. thanks to由于，归功于D.along with与。
北京大学考博英语复习 many,old 和far语法运用
北京大学考博英语复习many,old和far语法运用一、the+最高级+比较范围1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far,far,much,mostly,almostThis hat is nearly/almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.3)句型转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4)否定词语+比较级，否定词语+so…as结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.二、many,old和far用法1)如果后接名词时，much more+不可数名词many more+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。
北大教育学院教育管理(教育博士)考博真题参考书复习资料考试内容考试重点-育明考博
北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。
为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。
英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。
但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。
其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。
2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．______the new fund-raising plan is approved, we will soon have more money to build the gymnasium.(四川大学2010年试题)A．WhileB．GivenC．UnlessD．Even if正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：While“当……时候，虽然”；Given“如果有，假如，考虑到”；Unless“除非”；Even if“即使”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是B。
2．The qualities of my home town,______on me as a boy, had a profound effect on the philosophy that directed my career.(四川大学2010年试题)A．having impressedB．impressedC．impressingD．to be impressed正确答案：B解析：本题考查过去分词短语做定语。
该句子有主语，有谓语，显然是要一个定语成分。
所以，正确答案是B。
3．I intend to move that our committee______Jim as chairman, and 1 hope that you will second my motion.(四川大学2010年试题)A．will appointB．appointsC．appointD．appointed正确答案：C解析：动词move表示“(在会上)提议、动议”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略。
所以，正确答案是C。
4．Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but______the birth rate is getting higher and higher.(四川大学2010年试题) A．as it wereC．as it wasD．as is it正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：as it were“可以说是，似乎就是，好像”；as it is “实际上，事实上，既然如此”；as it was“结果却是，事实上”；as is it没有这样的搭配。
北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点
二、初试考试内容
学科、专 业名称
研究方向
研究领域
外国语
蓝纯
1-2
初试考试科目
专业科目一
专业科目二
050201 英语语言
文学
英语国家语言 研究
（001 英语学 院）
认知语言学
二外(俄语、法
语、德语、日 语、西班牙语
普通语言学
认知语言学/认知诗学
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ任选一种）
三、部分科目参考书目
研究方向
参考书目
20 世纪加拿大女 性小说研究（英语 学院耿力平教授）
wwwyumingeducom考博分校考博考试信息辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点一专业的设置导师及招生计划学科专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050201英语语言文英语国家语言研究001英语学院认知语言学12二初试考试内容学科专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050201英语语言文学英语国家语言研究001英语学认知语言学二外俄语法语德语日语西班牙语任选一种普通语言学认知语言学认知诗学三部分科目参考书目研究方向参考书目20世纪加拿大女性小说研究英语学院耿力平教授wjkeith加拿大英语文学史北京大学出版社20092northropfryebushgarden
of Minnesota Press, 1997. 4、 Robert J. C. Young. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers, 2001. 5、 Jonathan Culler. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism.
考博英语词汇语法练习题(附答案详解)
考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、全真模拟试题1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows2. You ______ that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping4. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______ very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last night.A. must studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. is sure to study8. Frank almost never received any education, ______ ?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______ too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be10. We can hear ______ from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______ of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______ . They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age.By age60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ______ in Janet’s c haracter has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming您的得分率为:/ 25 试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
北大高等教育学专业考博真题复习资料-育明考博
北京大学教育学院高等教育学专业考博指导-育明考博一、北京大学高等教育学专业考博考试分析招生统计（育明考博辅导中心）招生专业招生人数招考方式考试内容040106高等教育学2013年2人2014年2人2015年2人除校内事业编申请-考核制①“北大英语水平考试”12月27②专业笔试（高等教育学综合）③专业面试（ppt 形式，A 、学术潜力和研究设想B 、学术基础和研究素质）1、北大高等教育学专业考博的报录比平均在5:12、从2013年开始北大教育学院的博士招生开始实行“申请-审核制”，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。
“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩（材料审核成绩不计入最终排名的总分）。
3、2016年报考北大教育学院博士的考生需参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”（第一次组织，题型为：听力、阅读、作文）4、材料审核中重点打分项：①科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）②外语水平③本硕院校④博士修习计划5、北大高等教育学专业包含四个博士研究方向：01.高等教育原理02.高等教育史03.国际与比较高等教育04.高等教育管理育明教育针对北京大学教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（北大考博资料、复习经验、辅导课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：捌玖叁、贰肆壹、二二六）二、北京大学高等教育学专业考博专业课参考书高等教育学综合：1.《现代教育论》（第二版），黄济、王策三主编，人民教育出版社，20042.《教育哲学导论》（第二版），石中英著，北京师范大学出版社，20043.《高等教育哲学》，[美]约翰·S·布鲁贝克著，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，20024.《高等教育理念》，[英]罗纳德·巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20125.《高等教育系统——学术组织的跨国研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克著，杭州大学出版社，19946.《中国大学教育发展史》，曲士培著，北京大学出版社，20067.《外国高等教育史》（修订版），黄福涛主编，上海教育出版社，20088.《国外高等教育学基本文献讲读》（陈洪捷、施晓光、蒋凯主编），北京大学出版社，20149.《高等教育新论——多学科的研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克主编，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，200110.《比较高等教育：知识、大学与发展》，[美]菲利普·G.阿特巴赫著，人民教育出版社教育室译，200111.《比较教育研究：路径与方法》，贝磊、鲍勃、梅森主编，李梅主译，北京大学出版社，201012.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞.北京：人民教育出版社，201113.《政策科学——公共政策分析导论》，陈振明，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2003育明教育考博课程部杜老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】
2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】导读：本文2018考博英语词汇语法模拟练习题附答案解析【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
first performance for the amateur3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority ofA. than t5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be7. Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to makeA. as other peopleB.8. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages9. The treasury issupurchased from the government had to be paid for in gold11. It was during summer breaks that we first taste the12. In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topicsA. in advanceB. ahead ofC. above allD. right awayon the gas instead of the brake after his car went over themachine: “I must see you. Meet me at twelve o’clock.” D15. We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all16. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for sheA. come up withB. c18. The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speedA. rangeB. limitC. ruleD. regula21. Th e message is clear: Just as tea and banana can’t o24. Every year, one student in our high school wins a试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。
考博英语单词是基础语法是保障-育明考博
中国考博辅导首选学校考博英语单词是基础语法是保障语法和词汇是英语中最为基础也是最为核心的部分，其在考博英语考试中的重要性不言而喻。
如何复习语法对于广大2015年的考生，特别是一些基础薄弱的考生是个十分头疼的问题。
广大考生在考博英语语法的复习上一定要给予足够的重视。
一、 选定一本质量尚好的考博英语语法书对于一些基础比较弱的考生而言，他们的情况是对语法一知半解或者完全处于懵懂的状态。
鉴于此，他们完全有必要选择一本基础的语法，从头开始比价系统地认真复习一遍。
在系统复习完了基础语法好，建议此类考生买一本与考博相关的语法书仔细研读。
英语基础好的考生也不要小觑考博语法，毕竟每个考试的系统或者特点是不同的，所以也应该好好复习考博英语语法，一遍能够更加熟练地运用。
（育明考博辅导课程咨询方式TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八;扣扣：五四七零六三八六二）二、 语法复习和题目练习相互结合如果单纯地为了语法而学习语法，势必是枯燥乏味的，学习效果也不会很好。
此时考生可以结合题型的练习来提高语法运用的熟练度。
还有一个原因是现在的考博英语考试没有考语法的专项题型，而是将它糅合进英语知识运用、阅读理解、翻译等题型中进行考察。
考生应该在做题的过程中，对语法现象进行总结，形成一个自己对之理解的体系。
三、 对症下药，击破不会的语法知识复习语法的最终目的就是为了读懂文章，获取理想的分数，广大考生一定要刻苦复习，对于自己不懂的语法现象一定要仔细钻研，直至攻克为止。
在考博英语中，对于语法的掌握有一个衡量标准，即如果在阅读中面对一个长难句，你能快速准确地理解这个句子的成分以及各个成分之间的关系，涉及到什么样的语法知识，并能正确翻译，那就说明你对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错，如果达不到这个要求，就说明掌握的还不好，还需要强化复习。
总之，对于广大考生而言，一定要娴熟地掌握考博英语所规定的语法知识点，各个击破。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
医学考博英语阅读技巧
医学考博英语阅读技巧一：做到选项无生词。
大家在做医学考博英语真题时，务必将每一篇阅读理解的题目、选项以及文中对应句的生词全部扫清。
词汇是所有英语考试的基础，没有词汇量，分数没有保障。
二：熟练掌握四大语法。
即定语从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语态和强调句。
医学考博英语考试的阅读理解中，也考过省略if 的虚拟语态结构。
可见，读懂长难句，语法是关键。
真题不会重复，语法万变不离其宗。
(顺便提一下，完形填空是医学考博英语考试中对语法考察最多的题型，语法不好，这一块基本上无法在规定时间内完成。
) 三：了解做题思路，掌握一些基本的解题技巧。
比如信息比对法、段落逻辑分析法、矛盾排除法等等。
灵活运用这些解题技巧能帮助我们在考场上大大节省时间，提高效率，选对答案快准狠。
四：规定时间，阶段突破。
复习备考的时候就要严格控制做题时间，强迫自己在规定时间内完成，不得超时。
在11月30日前，年前真题至少做完两遍，每做一遍都要分析错误原因，突破弱项。
搞清楚自己到底是方法不对，还是基础不行。
五：全文精读，翻译解析。
如果你英语基础不错，目标是拿，那么更要做这个工作，那就是全文翻译阅读理解。
口头翻译就可以了。
翻译阅读理解真题不但可以提高我们的词汇、语法，还能让我们把握文章结构和行文逻辑，在破解出题方法上大有帮助。
这个方法虽然耗费时间，但坚持练习，提高是非常明显的。
六：适当拔高，挑战自我。
把医学考博英语考试的历年真题全部做透之后，可适当选择更高级别的阅读材料进行练习，比如读一些经济学人的医学主题的文章。
七：冲刺模拟，必不可少。
临考前一个月，必须给自己安排三次模拟考试，以便了解考试流程，估算自己的做题时间，模拟考场心态，找到自己的考试节奏。
八：整理错题，切忌覆辙重蹈。
每道错题，用红笔标识，复习时重点关注，明确错误原因，避免再次犯同样的错误。
英语考博语法
（一）考博英语语法：独立主格1. 充当句子的状语。
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词4. With + 名词(代词) + 分词(形容词)例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).真题剖析(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.45. A. ForB. AsC. WithD. Because练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do__9__ you really want to do.8. A. isB. havingC. beingD. be（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气(2)1. (should)+动词原形It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式would rather +动词过去式真题剖析(1997) …I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …47. A. doB. didC. don’tD. didn’t(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.53. A. orderedB. pleadedC. decidedD. demanded练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.15. A. tookB. would takeC. will takeD. should take(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even__54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)54.A. shallB.willC.wouldD.should（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词动名词、分词、不定式。
中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语经验分享
中财考博辅导班：中央财经大学考博英语经验分享对于中财考博生来说，总会想要了解更多的考博英语备考经验，对此，启道中财考博辅导班总结相关考博英语经验如下，作为分享。
俗话说，考博要翻身，英语定乾坤。
英语的重要性不言而喻。
考博英语的复习是一个从基础不断提升的长期的过程，因此，启道仲裁考博辅导班老师兼职考博英语的复习要有针对性，要制定一个详细有效的复习计划，并计划执行，这样才能在有限的时间内有效的提高复习效果，到达复习的目的。
那么英语全年的复习该如何安排呢?对此，中财考博辅导班老师详细来讲述。
第一、词汇的考察。
考博属于选拔性考试，是从广大的毕业生中选拨出特别优秀的，继续深造。
换句话说，它的目的是为了让更多的考生不过。
因此考博考的更多的是词汇的深度，即你对一个单词掌握到了什么程度。
词汇的深度的考察包括两个方面，一考察熟词僻义，一是考察构词法，即通过词根词缀扩展单词。
因此，中财考博辅导班老师建议：词汇的复习要有针对性，把考博规定10000个单词划分出个三六九等来，区别对待。
对于你认为熟悉的初高中词汇，要重点记忆它的第二个，第三个，甚至第四个你不熟悉的意思，这些是考博中障碍最大的“熟悉的陌生人”。
第二语法的考察。
因为考博不单独纯粹考语法，像高中的选择题一样。
考博语法的学习目的是为了能够理解句子，识别句子结构。
所以考博语法说白了就是理解句子，理解句子结构。
句子分为简单句和非简单句。
简单句主要考察五大基本句型和四大成分。
五大基本句型即主谓，主谓宾，主谓宾宾，主谓宾补和主系表。
四大成分也就是定语，状语，同位语和插入语。
非简单句分为并列句和复合句。
并列句又分为句中并列和句间并列。
复合句包括三大从句和一些特殊结构。
三大从句分别是名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句，。
形容词性从句也就是常说的定语。
从句，分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
副词性从句也就是状语从句，包括九大类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、让步、条件和比较。
上海交通大学考博英语一本通--语法分析与技巧
语法上海交大考博英语语法概述及考情分析上海交大考博英语的语法不作为专门的题型出现，在词汇题中出现的也较少，主要体现在英语写作中。
所以对语法知识还是需要掌握和复习，并达到熟练应用的程度。
考生应该首先掌握基本的语法知识，为系统地掌握考博英语的考查要素打下扎实的基础。
考生具体需要掌握的内容如下：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成形式及用法（2）动词的基本时态、语态的构成形式及其用法（3）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用法（4）常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成形式及其用法（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法（7）各类从句的构成及其用法（8）强调句型的结构及其用法（9）常用倒装句的结构第一节语法概述1、语法在测试中的地位语法是语言的组织形式（1）语法在词汇测试中的辅助作用（2）语法是篇章逻辑关系的纽带（3）语法在Cloze中的地位（4）语法是翻译的基础（5）语法在写作中与思想内容与词汇三分天下语法是语言的组织形式（1）语法在词汇测试中的辅助作用On the bitterly cold winter night, few peple walked along the ____ narrow street.A.loneB. aloneC. lonelyD. loneliness答案：C（2）语法是篇章逻辑关系的纽带So what has happened in the year that followed the disaster on the Gulf Coast In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls.They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not enough, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all that can be expected from one year of hustle.What can we learn from the passage about the author’s attitude towards the work in New OrleansA.contentedB.dissatisfiedC.optimisticD.appreciated答案：B（3）语法在Cloze中的地位So what has happened in the year that followed the disaster on the Gulf Coast In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not enough, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all ___ can be expected from one year of hustle.A.butB.asC.thatD.those答案：C（4）语法是翻译的基础In the reform of investment and fund-raising, we introduced a system where a legal person is leld responsible for projects, a capital system and public bidding system.在投资和融资领域的改革中，我们采用了这样的制度：法人负责制、资本金制度和公开投标制度。
考博英语(语法)练习试卷21(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）练习试卷21(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．You should have put the milk in the icebox; I expect it______undrinkable by now.A．becameB．had becomeC．becomesD．has become正确答案：D解析：本题测试现在完成时。
知识模块：语法2．______that they may eventually reduce the amount of labour needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A．So clever are the construction robotsB．So clever the construction robots areC．Such construction robots are cleverD．Such clever construction robots are正确答案：A解析：so clever are the construction robots为倒装句，由so修饰的形容词或副词放在句首时一般要用倒装语序，后面跟表示结果的that从句。
知识模块：语法3．Prof. Ward hardly ever went to______the theater.A．neither the cinema norB．either the cinema norC．neither the cinema orD．either the cinema or正确答案：D解析：由“either…or”引导的成分要对等。
A虽然结构上可选，但句中已有hardly，所以句意不合适。
知识模块：语法4．It isn’t cold enough for there______a frost tonight, so 1 can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.A．would beB．to beC．wasD．being正确答案：B解析：for引导带逻辑主语的不定式for sb．to do sth．，本句中的there作形式主语；不定式就是to be a frost。
英语重点语法后置定语
考博英语重点语法：后置定语一.介词短语作后置定语，如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟)，the standard of living(生活水平)，the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路)，the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二.不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。
分为以下三类：1. 在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do.He is the first to finish the task.There are a lot of things to do.2. 在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语，具体说明抽象名词的内容。
常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。
例句：He has the ability to do the work.I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.3. 动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句，与其前修饰的名词是主动关系，在时态上含有将来的含义。
例如：Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.三、分词短语作后置定语。
考博英语词汇语法试题及答案
考博英语词汇语法试题及答案1. Some women ________ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made2. A light with no more power than ________ by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A. as is producedB. that producedC. that is producedD. produced3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, letalone________ what lay beneath the surface.A. askingB. askC. to askD. be asked4.Even if they are on sale, these ________refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, at the other store.A. anyoneB. the othersC. thatD. the ones5. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.A. areB. isC. doD. has[答案解析]D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的`工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。
考博英语试题及答案
考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。
In recent years, the number of people who commute to work by bicycle has increased significantly. This trend can be attributed to several factors, including concerns about environmental pollution, the rising cost of fuel, and the desire for a healthier lifestyle. As a result, many cities have invested in bicycle lanes and other infrastructure to support this mode of transportation.1. What is the main reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Environmental concernsB. High fuel costsC. Health benefitsD. All of the above2. What has been the response of cities to this trend?A. They have ignored it.B. They have invested in bicycle infrastructure.C. They have discouraged it.D. They have not taken any action.3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Traffic congestionB. Environmental pollutionC. Rising cost of fuelD. Desire for a healthier lifestyle4. What does the passage suggest about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will continue to increase.B. It will decrease.C. It will remain stable.D. It is uncertain.5. What type of infrastructure have cities invested in to support bicycle commuting?A. Public transportationB. Bicycle lanesC. Parking lotsD. Highways二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.6. The company has decided to ________ its operations to new markets.A. expandB. contractC. maintainD. abandon7. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was still held as________.A. plannedB. planningC. to planD. was planning8. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. affectC. impactD. influence9. The professor's lecture was so ________ that I couldn't follow it.A. complicatedB. complexC. complicatedlyD. complexly10. She ________ the book to the library yesterday.A. returnedB. borrowedC. lentD. kept三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
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考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）过去分词与形容词的语义差：1.Destructive:causing damage to people or thingsthe destructive power of modern weaponsDamaged: being in a bad stateemotionally damaged children2.Respected:admired by many because of achievementsHe’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful: feeling or showing respectThey listened in respectful silence.3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable: a sweet lovable childLovely: We had a lovely holiday.6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea windsTolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。
动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。
一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。
所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法，图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek找，寻觅try试图2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿announce宣布force强迫press迫使bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤command命令intend想要，企图show显示drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention说到，讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌advocate：提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can’t help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避can’t stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好favor 造成，偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。