托福TPO15口语文本
托福口语：TPO15口语Task2参考答案
托福口语：TPO15口语Task2参考答案TPO15口语Task2题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to remember and learn from the past. Use details and examples to explain your opinion.TPO15口语Task2参考答案(范文模板)：I think it is very important to remember and learn from the past because first of all, if we don’t remember the mistakes we made in the past, we will make the same mistakes again. When I was a child, I had a bad temper and used to break my toys. I would ask my parents for new toys and they refused to get me more. So, I learned that if I had a temper, it would only cause me more pain.Secondly, remembering the past can help us become better people in the future. When I was first in college, my study methods were very ineffective and it caused me to get bad grades; therefore, I learned from the past and changed my study habits. From that point on, all of my grades were very high.That why I think that it’s important to remember and learn from the past.。
托福TPO1-54独立口语答案示例
TPO全54套+ 4套extra practice独立口语答案示例TPO 11.Talk about a book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain whythe book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.I would like to talk about the book called the Five People You Meet in Heaven. The book mainly talks about a story of a dead guy. After he went to heaven, he met five people, who he thought was perfect strangers and didn’t have any relationship with each other. However, it turned out that the events that had happened on these people were all connected in some way, which finally led to his death. The story is quite thought-provoking, at least for me. I believe that the little things that happen in our daily life are not isolated, but connected in some subtle manner. Now I am never easily frustrated by setbacks in my life since I know that the so-called “bad things” may eventually lead to a great ending.2.Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Othersbelieve that it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why?Use details and examples to explain your opinion.Generally speaking, I believe that the benefits brought about by TV far outweigh the negative consequences. It has permeated into our daily life for such a long time that watching TV together has become a way to strengthen the bond within the family. Every night after meal, the family members would sit in front of the TV, watching shows while chatting about the things that happen during the day. It doesn’t matter which programs are on, as long as everyone is present. Besides, TV provides a relief zone for most of us. Sometimes my parents feel stressed out after a whole day’s work, and I also have to deal with endless assignments. Watching TV lets us relax and unwind.TPO 21.Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important.Please use specific details in your explanation.In spare time, I often go to a book store called Librairie Avant-Garde. It is probably one of the most popular stores in my hometown, especially since the New York Times listed it as the most beautiful book store in Nanjing. I like there because it is my relief zone. The atmosphere is quite refreshing. I enjoy reading under the golden dim light with the rich aroma of coffee around and soft melody in the air. Even simply sitting there enables me to get away from all the troubles. Besides, I’ve met many amazing people there, who have similar interests with me. Sometimes we discuss about the books. We are particularly fond of books about traveling and even plan to have a self-organized trip together. Isn’t it wonderful?2.Some college students choose to take courses in a variety of subject areas in order to geta broad education. Others choose to focus on a single subject area in order to have adeeper understanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think is better for students and why?I prefer to take a variety of courses in different areas. I’m curious about everything which is strange to me and more than willing to take courses about them. I don’t need much professional information, just some introduction to various areas so that I would know which fields deserve my further attention. I’ve taken a broad range of courses in school, such as literature, history, psychology, to name a few. I’m surprised to realize that I’m quite talented in many of them and have decided to deepen my understanding in relevant fields. Besides, I don’t like focusing on one single subject. Even though I may become an expert in that area, I would be rather poor in others and that lets me feel insecure.TPO 31.What characteristics do you think make someone a good parent? Explain why thesecharacteristics are important to you.First of all, a good parent needs to respect me, like, never compare me with others since this would hurt my feelings. I’ve watched some parents doing this in front of me, and the poor kids seemed rather embarrassed. What’s more, I hope they would stand in my shoes, especially when I don’t do a good job. We have lots of exams at school and sometimes I fail them. I’m quite lucky in that my parents are not those people who just focus on the results and scold kids for poor scores. Rather, they care more about the efforts I’ve paid and how much progress I’ve made. And during those hard times, we would discuss my situation together, trying to figure out the problems I face. That’s what wonderful parents are like.2.Some students prefer to work on class assignments by themselves. Others believe it isbetter to work in a group. Which do you prefer? Explain why.I prefer to join a study group when working on assignments. I have to admit that I’m not self-motivated. When left alone, I often find myself distracted by snacks, music or computer games.I mean, it’s as if those things were calling out to me. In contrast, in a study group, I’d focus on the assignments since when everyone else is studying, I cannot be the only one goofing around. Besides, the whole group can do some brain-storming, which boosts efficiency. You know, we put our heads together, and each one contributes some inspiring thoughts. Of course, I could finish the tasks on my own; but I may see only part of the picture. Working in a group allows us to get a more comprehensive idea.TPO41.What do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific details inyour explanation.I miss my ukulele most when I’m away from home.It’s a gift I bought for myself. Actually, I’ve always wanted to learn Guitar, but since it’s too big for me, I had to drop the idea. And the whole thing came to a dead–end until I saw a ukulele. It’s small and only has four strings, which makes it relatively easier to learn. I’ve played it every day since I got it home and after a year all so, I could play it without thinking. Once I traveled abroad for half a month, during which I had to endure the separation with it. It was like part of my life was missing. Although I had a great time there, I was pretty sure it would have been even better if I had had my ukulele at hand. I’d like to bring it wherever I go in the future.2.Many universities now offer academic courses over the Internet. However, some peoplestill prefer learning in traditional classrooms. Which do you think is better? Explain why. I’m all for traditional classrooms. It is true that on-line courses have made it convenient for us to take various courses offered at home and abroad, but they cannot provide the learning atmosphere. When studying in the classroom, I have my classmates and professor around. If I have any questions, I simply raise my hand and speak them out. Then we would discuss about it. All these activities, which are absent from on-line courses, help to deepen our understanding. Besides, I don’t think the on-line communication can replace face-to-face conversation. When talking in person, we use body language to better illustrate our points, which also offers the feeling of personal connection. And I think the learning process would be more efficient if it takes place in such a manner.TPO51.Talk about a place you enjoyed going to or visiting when you were a child. Describe theplace. Explain why you enjoyed it.When I was a kid, I liked going to the shopping center in the downtown with my parents. At that t ime, I didn’t know anything about picking up clothes or haggling with the sales person and a ll I did was following my parents’ steps and singing or mumbling about something. Yet the sales person seemed to like me a lot. They usually smiled at me or even went out from their store to give me candies. I always went back home with several candies in the hand. I guess you can see why I liked that place. Moreover, the shopping center had one whole floor devoted to toys. There are toy cars, transformers, dolls, you name it. And there was a little food-stand in the corner where I could get spun sugar. The center was my paradise back then.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important to study math or science than it is to study art or literature. Well, I don’t think learning math or science is more important than learning art or literature. Art and literature are important, both for our society and the individuals. For example, the Palace museum, which houses countless art works, attracts thousands of tourists every day, which helps to boost the economy. And people usually get refreshed after appreciating art works. Besides, I don’t think it’s reasonable to compare the importance of courses in this way. What I mean is, courses such as science and art are all critical to students. Everyone has his own gift and we need to put our talents into full play, no matter in which field. Even if we are not art material, it doesn’t mean that we should not learn it since the courses can introduce us to another world and it’s always good to expand our vision.TPO61.Talk about a photograph or painting you have seen that was memorable. Explain whatyou liked or disliked about it.The painting that impresses me the most is Mona Lisa. And I’m not talking about how amazing her smile is. I saw it first in the textbook of my primary school. To tell you the truth, the smile scared me. I didn’t know why but as a kid, I tried to avoid eye contact with the woman in the painting. Now several years have passed yet I still feel strange whenever I see it. However, I do not want to deny the wonderfulness of that painting. For me, the most interesting thing is the controversy it has raised. People keep wondering about the background of the woman, some say she iss a merchant’s wife, others believe that she is actually Da Vinci himself. Recently, rumor has it that she is a slave from China. I’m often a ttracted to this kind of mysteries.2.Some people have one career throughout their lives. Other people do different kinds ofwork at different points in their lives. Which do you think is better? Explain why.I prefer to commit to one career all my life. I believe that anything worth doing worth doing well. And once I start my career, I want to reach the top, which may take decades but it’s worth it. Yet if I try different kinds of work, I may only scratch the surface. My older sister works in the Public Relation field. At first, she thought that the work was quite exciting since she got to meet many celebrities; then she realized that it was also challenging as she had to stay up late trying to come up with some novel ideas and prepare for presentations. In fact, her understanding of the PR field deepens as time goes by and till today, after more than ten years working there, she still believes that there are lots of things she could learn. I enjoy this feeling. It’s like peeling the onion and trying to see the core. It’s exciting.TPO71.If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what city orplace would you suggest they visit?I would recommend my hometown, Nanjing, which is the capital of thirteen dynasties in history. It offers a rich historical atmosphere. Tourists usually visit such places as the Confucius Temple or the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Of course, these time-honored places are wonderful, yet I prefer the city walls from the Ming Dynasty, which is over 600 years old and tells much about the history over the years. Besides, the local delicacy is ama zing. I’m not a hardcore foodie but still cannot resist the mouth-watering snacks such as noodle salad, the rice pudding with eight treasures, and the famous duck soup, which is considered a must-try for any tourists from home and abroad. In my mind, Nanjing is a place that embraces various elements in a harmonious manner. It has something for everybody. I’m sure people would have a great time here.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Learning through online courses is more effective than learning in the traditional classroom setting.I don’t think online courses are more effective than traditional ones. It is true that on-line courses have made it convenient for us to take various courses at home and abroad, but they cannot provide a proper learning atmosphere. When studying in classrooms, I have my classmates and professor around. If I have any questions, I’d simply raise my hand and speak them out, then my classmates and professors would discuss about it or have a little debate. All these activities, which are absent from on-line courses, help deepen our understanding. Besides, I don’t think the on-line communication can replace face-to-face conversation. When talking in person, we could see each other’s facial expression, hear their voice. It’s just more natural. Of course I can chat with others on line, b ut the feeling is different and I don’t like taking courses in this way.TPO81.Describe about a time a friend or a family member helped you in the past. Describe howthe person helped you then explain why this was important to you.During my first two years in the university, I got into depression because of some family issues. Those were really hard times since I lost interest in almost everything and felt down in the dumps day and night. Fortunately, I still had the willingness to pull myself together. Since I couldn’t fight this battle on my own, I turned to a friend for help. She called me every day, chatting with me. When I locked myself at home, she would come to my place and dragged me out for she believed that outdoor activities would do good to me. Gradually, I came out of the isolation and we somehow developed an interest in playing ukulele. It was not that difficult but still need our focus; also, puzzles worked well for me since it would fully occupied my attention. After nearly half a year, I cracked the depression and were once again able to enjoy things happening around me. Looking back, I feel deeply grateful to that girl. Had it not been for her company, I would not have bounced back.2.Some people enjoy taking risk and trying new things, others are not adventurous, theyare cautious and try to avoid danger. Which behavior do you think is better? Explain why.I prefer to take risks since it would introduce me to some new things, which may turn out to be pretty interesting. On the contrary, if I always choose the conservative way, I may miss out on many amazing experience. Once when hiking in a mountain, I came to a cross road. Normally I would take the left path but on that day, I was caught by a whim and picked the right one, which was totally strange to me. On the way, I met a bunch of people. We hit it off immediately and ended up having a BBQ on the mountain top. That was wonderful. Besides, taking risks makes me feel excited, like an adventurous explorer, and even if I fail in the end, I won’t feel regretful or frustrated since it’s my first time and rookie mistakes are inevitable.TPO91.Talk about an important experience that you recently had. Describe what happened andexplain why it was important to you.Last Saturday, I happened to read an article on the Internet, summoning the public to donate clothes to kids living in the mountain area. It was quite a coincidence since the other day when I was sorting my stuff at home, I found out lots of outgrown clothes, which were still in good condition. The article has given me an inspiration. First, I re-posted the article. Then, I assembled several friends to do a presentation in our class, during which we asked our classmates to not only give out their clean clothes and stationary but also engage the efforts of people around them. In this way, we have called on collective efforts to help those poor kids. That experience means a lot to me for it’s the first time that I organized an activity to do something for others. I feel proud of myself.2.Some people think that family members are the most important influence on youngadults; others believe that friends are the most important influence. Which do you agree with? Explain why.From my perspective, family members have more influence on young adults than friends do. Since we spend most of our time together, families have a subtle effect on us, which would shape our behavior and personality in an unconscious way. I picked up my father’s way of walk when I was a kid and have remained that style till today; and people always say that the way I talk reminds them of my Mum, despite the fact that I’ve never tried to imitate her. What’s more, although I’ve heard about peer pressure, I still believe that we want to live up to the expectations of our parents rather than our friends’. As I grew up, I’ve changed several schools and as a result, friends come and go, but parents have been there all the time. I do not want to let them down. I guess their hopes for me have been the driving force that encourages me to move forward and makes me the person I am today.TPO101.Talk about a time when you accomplished something you did not think you could do.What did you accomplish? Why did you think you could not do it?Last month, my parents went to Spain for a business trip. So I had to take care of myself during the next week. At first, I didn’t think that was a big deal until it occurred to me that I had to cook for seven days. Before that, I hadn’t even boiled an egg, let alone preparing a meal. Well, they said I could order some take-out or call my Aunt to come, but I didn’t want a baby-sitter, so I decided to push myself. Every morning, I went to the market nearby to get the materials I need. Then after school, I spent some time in the kitchen. The first time I spent almost an hour there, only to turn it into a total mess. So I ended up eating instant noodle that day. But I got interested in the stuff and gradually, everything got on the right track. When my parents went back home a week later, they were surprised to see me pigging out on the food I cooked. Now I believe that if we challenge ourselves, we may realize that the so-called “limitation” is just another thing to crack.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples toexplain your answer.All children should be required to learn a second language in school.Generally speaking, I think it necessary to ask all children to learn a second language in school. As cultural and economic exchanges among different countries become more frequent, mastering a second language has gone from being an advantage to a must. In the past, job requirements usually did not mention the ability to speak a foreign language; but today, it has become a threshold of most companies; and we can imagine that in the near future, knowing another language besides mother tongue would be a normal thing. What’s more, the relevant courses offered in school are well-organized, which include classes, assignments, and tests; and children may not be willing to learn a second language unless the schools require them to do so. A t first, kids may not like it, but it’s good for them in the long run.TPO111.Talk about an interesting book you have read. Explain why you thought the book wasinteresting.I’d like to talk about the Book Thief. Actually, I saw the movie first, which attracted me immediately. Then I bought the book and couldn’t stop reading it after finishing the first page. The character I love the most is Hans, who is Liesel’s adopted father. In the story, he has been nothing but loving and caring. It is him who has taught Liesel how to read, and it is him who has stayed by Liesel’s bed when she was too scared to sleep. When he was enlisted by the army and sent to the war, I was deeply worried; and when he finally went back home, I cried my eyes out. I guess he reminds me of my late grandpa. Apart from Hans, the Book Thief has other interesting characters, such as a kid called Rudy, who has a crush on Liesel and has always been there for her. I can’t say whether the story is a tragedy or not, since many of them died in the end, but the girl has lived a happy life after that. It’s a story worth reading over and over again.2.Some people think that children should be allowed to watch whatever televisionprograms they choose to. Others think that parents should exercise control over the television programs their children watch. Which do you agree with? Explain why.I think parents should have some control over the TV programs watched by their children. Despite the government’s censorship system, there are still some programs which may have a negative influence on kids. For example, several months ago, a primary school kid tied his friend to a branch on the tree and tried to roast him. When I first read it, I thought it was a bad joke made by the newspaper, yet it turned out that it was true and the kid was trying to imitate a scene in a cartoon! That’s ridiculous! If parents had got involved in choosing the TV programs, this kind of tragedy wouldn’t have happened.Besides, parents have the responsibility to screen the shows for their children, so that kids won’t watch some violent or provocative programs. They may pick something which is both entertaining and instructive, like the Sesame Street, or the Myth Busters; kids would have a good time watching them.TPO121.What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you thinkit is efficient. Include specific reasons or examples.I think subway offers the most efficient way to get around in my country. Thanks to the social development, today, the subway network covers the whole city and even reaches to the suburbs, which has made it really convenient for us to get around. Two years ago, it took me nearly an hour to go to school by bike; yet these days, my school is only twenty-minute away. That’s great. Moreover, unlike bus or taxi, which may get stuck on the road, subway never has to worry about traffic congestion. It usually takes two minutes to get from one stop to the next. As a result, many people choose to go to work in this way, especially during the rush hours.2.Some people believe it’s essential for a person’s education to learn to play a musicalinstrument. Others don’t believe music e ducation is important. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.I think music education, such as learning to play a musical instrument, is beneficial for us. It helps to shape our personality. At least I myself became more patient and persistent while learning to play the piano. When I started learning it, I was quite excited. Yet the first several months turned out to be rather frustrating. Instead of playing out beautiful melodies, I had to spend nearly 4 hours a day practicing basic skills. I had thought about giving up several times, yet the dream of performing in my own concert has driven me to continue. Gradually, I’ve become more persistent and patient. Later in my study, whenever I got stuck in some problems, I could keep concentrating on them till I figure them out. That’s what learning to play the piano has taught me, and it’s a quality that has helped me a lot in other matters.TPO131.Talk about a game, sport, or other group activity that is played in your country. Explainwhy you think the activity is enjoyable.People in my country enjoy go hiking in the mountains. This shows the growing importance people have put on daily exercise. Nowadays, lots of young people have to work under heavy pressure; as a result, they only have time to grab a bite during lunch or dinner and often feel stressed out at the end of the day. Fortunately, more and more people have realized the importance of good health and are willing to squeeze some time out of their tight schedule for exercise. Besides, hiking in the mountain can be a way to socialize. When relaxed, people tend to be much nicer; also, since they have a similar hobby, it’s much easier for them to find something to talk about. Once on the road I met a bunch of travelers. We hit it off immediately and ended up having a BBQ on the top. That’s wonderful.2.When looking for information for a research project, some students prefer to get theirinformation mainly from the Internet. Others prefer to mainly use printed materials such as books and academic journals. Which do you prefer and why?I prefer to search for information from the Internet. There is a sea of information there. When working on research project, I need to get as much information as possible so that I could see the whole picture. Internet has everything, which we have easy access to. All I need to do is to type the key words in the search engine and single out the things needed. If I turn to the printed materials, it may take me ages to get what I want. Furthermore, the information on the Internet is in various forms, not only texts, but also videos. I watch the public courses regularly, some of which have offered me much inspiration; the TED is also terrific; although I may get the printed version of some lectures, they are not as up-to-date as those in the video version.TPO141.People enjoy reading many different types of books such as mystery, biography,romance, etc. Of all the different types of books that there are, what type do you most enjoy? Explain why.I like biography the most. In fact, I’m not a big fan of mystery or romance since most of the plot is fabricated. I’d rather trust my imagination and make up stories on my own. In contrast, biography offers facts about people and events, which enriches my knowledge in various fields. Recently, I’ve read the stor ies of Winston Churchill and Coco Chanel. They are not only inspiring, but also have introduced me to the whole new world of fashion and politics. Besides, through reading several biographies of the same person, I would get different perspectives. For example, many people have written books about Caocao, a politician and poet living nearly two thousand years ago. Some say that he is brave and wise, while others believe that he is cruel and treacherous. I think there is truth on both sides. I enjoy taking in various opinions about the same thing and t hat’s why biography appeals to me.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?One of the best ways to learn is by making mistakes.I agree that one can learn a lot through the mistakes he/she makes. Through trails and failures, we may know our strengths and weaknesses. Once I heard a speech, which has inspired me a lot. The speaker have pushed himself to go for various goals in the past, though he failed in many of them, he did not feel regretful since at least they taught him what he was not suitable for. I think that’s quite smart. Besides, some people may say that making mistakes hurt their confidence, which hinders their further development. Well, that’s not the case with me. As Stev e Jobs once said, “Failure is an option, but fear is not.” I enjoy challenging myself. Making mistakes won’t let me doubt myself; rather, it leaves a deep impression on me, which has far more influence on me than the suggestions given by others.TPO151.People make friends in many different ways. What do you think is a good way to makenew friends? Use specific details and examples in your response.A think one of the effective ways to make new friends is through doing some leisure time activities together, such as playing cards. When feeling relaxed, people tend to be nicer and are more willing to open themselves to others. In fact, I’ve made many friends on this kind of occasion. The atmosphere is great. We chat with each other about everything and gradually, friendship develops. Moreover, I believe we could learn about people’s personality by playing cards with them. For example, my father often bluffs about how great his cards are, yet my sister thinks it’s chea ting. What about my brother? Well, sometimes he is a sore loser, so we make sure that he wins once in a while. I guess you can tell a lot about a person by doing some leisure activities with them. And that’s a great way to make new friends.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is important to remember and learn from the past.Use details and examples to explain your opinion.Surely I believe that remembering and learning from the past is of great importance. Since history tends to repeat itself, it not only bridges the past with the present, but also guides our course into the future. By learning from the past, we may avoid some mistakes or reach our goals in more efficient ways. For example, nowadays, many people are learning the Art of Wars, a book written by a famous military leader in ancient China. In this book, he shared thirty six brilliant tactics and strategies used in the battle. Today, people around the world try to apply those strategies to business and political fields. Indeed, many successful companies have used some strategies in their negotiation and marketing process, which enables them to have an edge over their competitors. With more and more people realizing the importance of history, I’m sure we would benefit more from it.。
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译大家备考托福听力一定需要许多训练材料，为了帮助大家，小编为大家整理出来了。
那么下面是托福小编带来的托福听力TPO15对话1原文及翻译。
托福听力TPO15对话1原文英文及翻译对话-1原文：Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and a librarian employee.Student：Hi, I am looking for this book---the American judicial system. And I can’t seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my political science class.Librarian:Let me check in the computer. Um… doesn’t seem to be checked out and i t’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves I assume.Student：Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be.Librarian:Well, it’s still here in the library. So people must be using it. You know this seems to be a very popular book tonight. We show six copies. None are checked out. And, yet you didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?Student：Maybe about Seventy Five?Librarian:Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. Yo u know about the ‘Reserve system’, right?Student：I know that you have to read reserve books in the library and that you have time limits. But I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on the reserve. I mean I thought the professors make that kind of decisions at the beginning of the semester.Librarian:Oh… they can put books on reserve at any time during the semester.Student：You know reserving book seems a bit unfair. What if someone who is not in the class wants to use the book?Librarian:That’s why I said some copies.Student：Ah, well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what I am gonna do tonight?Librarian:I guess you could walk around the Poli-Sci section and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.Student：There are do seem to be more than normal.Librarian:We are a little short of staff right now. Someone quit recently, so things aren’t getting re-shelved as quickly as usual. I don’t think they’ve hired replacement yet, so, yeah, the un-shelved books can get a bit out of hand.Student：This may sound a bit weird. But I’ve been thinking about getting a job. Um… I’ve never worked at the library before, But…..Librarian:That’s not a requirement. The job might still be open. At the beginning of the semester we were swamped with applications, but I guess everyone who wants the job has one by now.Student：What can you tell me about the job?Librarian:Well, we work between six and ten hours a week, so it’s a reasonable amount. Usually we can pick the hours we want to work. But since you’d be starting so late in the semester, I’m not sure how that would work for you. And… Oh… we get paid the normal university rates for student employees.Student：So who do I talk to?Librarian:I guess you talk to Dr. Jenkins, the head librarian. She does the hiring.对话-1译文：旁白：听一个学生和一个图书馆员工之间的对话。
TPO15听力解析
TPO15 listening 问题解析注：问题中红色标记词汇为解题突破点和关键词。
Section 1TPO15-L1 Conversation 11. Why does the student go to the campus newspaper office?O To turn in outlines of possible articlesO To find out when his article will be printed in the newspaperO To find out if he got a position as a reporterO To get help with an assignment for his journalism class答案：C解析：男学生报名做reporter，写好的outline一周前已经提交，但是没有收到答复，他来看一下情况。
原文如下：I sent them in about a week ago, but I haven't heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I'd stop by and see, but I guess you haven't looked at them yet2. Why does the student want to write for the campus newspaper?O He wants to earn some money.O He wants to learn about the newspaper business.O He wants to share his enthusiasm for physics.O He thinks the experience will be valuable.答案：D解析：男学生知道当reporter是没有报酬的，但是这有利于他写个人经历，比较重要。
【TPO小站】托福口语高分模板大集合
托福口语高分模板大集合Q1Personally, I would like to say that my favorite is …And there are a couple of reasons to name.The most important thing is that…What’s more…So that’s whyQ2Well, in my opinion, I would definitely agree with the point that…The first reason I wanna say is that…More importantly…So, that’s why I choose… for the two reasons listed abovePersonally speaking, I prefer… for several reasons.I think … is more appropriate for… for several reasons. Firstly, …Besides, in my experienceBur probably the most important reason for my preference is that…In a word, that’s the reason of my preference./ that’s why my preference is…I think it is important to …For one thing, …. By doing…Another thing is the advantage of…As for… I agree that, but unless…, …Q3The school has implemented a new policy that… due to…And the woman/man holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement. The first reason s/he gives is that…And the second one is based on the fact that…In the reading material, there is a/an announcement/message/notice/proposal about …The university/college is going to…In the listening material, two students discuss about the…The man/woman is against/supporting the…He or she feels unhappy/less satisfied about…thinks the… is unfair/inconvenient/unaffordablefor the following reasons:Firstly, he thinks/says…Also, he points out that…In addition, in his opinion, …Q4In the lecture, the professor mainly talked about the theory that…To reinforce the theory, the professor gave two reasons/examples in his speech. The first one is that…The other one is that…And that’s the two reasons/ examples the speaker presented to explain his idea. TYPE 1：The reading passage: definitionListening passage: examples, study, research模版：The reading passage gives the definition of…, which is…In the lecture, the professor goes on to demonstrate it by introducing some researches/examples/ experiments.The first is…This research proved that…The second is…(Additional investigations also showed that)TYPE 2:The reading passage: the phenomenon / the problem/the process /some functions/some featuresListening passage: research, analysis...模版：The reading passage describes the phenomenon / the problem/the process/some functions/some features of…XXX is… (定义的内容)In the listening passage, the professor continues to demonstrates it by introducing some researches /analysesThe first is…The second is…TYPE 3:The reading passage: a conception held by/the principle/ the application/the cause/the effectListening passage: specific aspects模版：The reading passage introduces a conception held by/the principle/ the application/the cause/the effectIn the listening passage, the professor describes several specific aspects of…Firstly,…Secondly,…Q5(10”problem+17”each solution+10”choice &why)In the conversation, the woman’s problem is that…is having a hard time dealing with the problem that...The man comes up with 2/3 solutions to her problem.offers her 2/3 possible solutions.At first, he suggests that she do…. However, she’s concerned that…His other recommendation is to…, while in the woman’s opinion …Besides, the man thinks it is reasonable to…, while the situation is that…From my point of view, I think the second choice is preferable because…/ for the following reasons:If it were my choice, I would choose the former/latter one, because…The woman is trying to decide…/ figure out… what to do with… and her friend makes a couple of suggestions/ recommendations.He encourages her to…. The advantage of this method is…The other idea is to…I think she should go with the second idea because…Q6(15”theory+20”each example)In the lecture, the professor provides two examples to illustrate thetheory/phenomenon that…The first one is that…Another example is that…And that’s the two examples the professor presented to explain thetheory/phenomenon.In the lecture, the professor discusses … in several points/aspects.Firstly, he points that…. For instance, …Secondly, he mentions thatand he shows some data/research aboutFinally, he states thatAccording to the lecture, there are two major criteria for…First, she mentions, and I’m quoting here,…Point out, present, describe, state, mention, discuss, provide, demonstrate, introduce, give (example)…。
托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: Birds have some of the best vision capabilities in the animal kingdom. Some bird species have vision that is 8 to 10 times greater than humans. Overall a bird's eyes are extremely important for its survival. One aspect of birds' eyes that plays a role in helping them survive, in other words to find food or to avoid predators, is the position of the eyes in the skull.Some birds have eyes that face forward on the skull, kind of similar to how humans' eyes are positioned. Forward-facing eyes allow a bird to clearly see and judge distances because it can focus on objects with both of its eyes and correctly perceive height, width and depth. One type of bird with eyes positioned in the front of the skull is the hawk. Hawks eat animals like mice. Hawks have such good eyesight that they can spot a tiny mouse in the field from high up in the air. They spot the mouse and swoop down to catch it. Without such good eyesight, they would not be able to spot or catch their food.Other birds have eyes that are located on each side of the skull. This positioning of the eyes can help a bird to avoid predators. Instead of just seeing what's directly in front, they can see things that are on either side, permitting them to watch for danger in all directions. Imagine a duck waiting near the edge of a lake. It needs to spend time eating grasses and insects. But it also is on constant lookout for danger from its predator like the fox. An eye on each side of the duck's head allows it to see a fox approaching from either side. If it spots a fox, it can then fly away to safety. The placement of the eyes are critical in helping the duck avoid predators. 托福TPO15口语Task6题目： Using the examples in the lecture, explain how the position of birds’ eyes is critical to their survival. 托福TPO15口语Task6满分范文： Some birds have eyes that face forwards on the skull, like human eyes. And this kind of eyes allow a bird to clearly see and judge distances with its ability to focus on objects with both eyes and accurately perceive height, width and depth. For example, the hawk has forward eyes on its skull that can allow it to accurately spot its prey, mouse, in the field, even from up in the air. And once it locates the mouse, it swoops down to catch it. Other birds have eyes that are positioned on each side of their skull to help protect themselves from predators. Having eyes on both sides of the skull makes it possible for these birds to watch danger from all directions. For example, a duck eating grasses and insects near the edge of a lake is on constantlookout on both sides for danger from the fox. Once detecting a fox, it can escape. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO15口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and the faculty adviser of the campus newspaper. Man: Hi, I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago. Anna, I think it was? Woman: I am Anna, the faculty adviser. Man: Oh, great! I’m Peter Murphy. You probably don’t remember me, but … Woman: No, no, I remember you. You were interested in working for the paper. Man: Yeah, as a reporter. Woman: That’s right. Uh, you’re taking a journalism class and you’ve done some reporting before in high school, right? Man: Wow, you have a good memory. Woman: Well, we haven’t had many students applying lately. So, anyway, you still want to do some reporting for us? Man: Yeah, if you have room for me on the staff. Woman: Well, we always need more reporters, but you know we don’t pay anything, right? Man: Yeah, I know. But I, uh, I’d like the experience. It will look good on my resume. Woman: Absolutely! Let’s see. I think I told you that we ask prospective reporters to turn in some outlines for possible articles? Ma: Yeah, I sent them in about a week ago. But I haven’t heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I’d stop by and see, but I guess you haven’t looked at them yet. Woman: Oh, Max, the news editor, he looks at all the submissions. Man: Oh, so he hasn’t made any decision about me yet? Woman: Well, I just got here a few minutes ago, haven’t been in for a couple of days. Uh, just give me a second to check my email. Uh, here’s a message from Max. Let’ see. Well, it seems you’ve really impressed him. He says it’d be wonderful if you could join our staff. Man: Oh, great! When can I start? Woman: Well, you turned in an outline on something to do with the Physics Department? Man: Yeah. They’re trying to come up with ways to get more students to take their introductory courses. Woman: Right. Well, apparently nobody else is covering that story so he wants you to follow up on it. Man: OK. Uh, what about the other outline I sent in? About the proposed increase in tuition fee? Woman: Oh, it looks like we’ve got that covered. Man: So, I’m starting with an article about the Physics Department. I guess I’d better get to work. Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story? Woman: Well, Max wanted to talk to you, but, I’m sure he’ll tell you to find out things like why the Physics Department worried about enrollment. Has the number of students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans they’re considering to address this problem? Man: Right. Some of those issues are already in what I proposed. Woman: And you want to do some interviews: you know, what the professors think of the plans, what the students think. You get the idea, but… Man: But wait till I talk to Max before proceeding? Woman: Right, he’ll cover everything you need to know to be a reporter for us. Can you come back this afternoon? He’ll be here until five o’clock. 托福TPO15听力Conversation1题目 1.Why does the student go to the campus newspaper office?。
托福TPO15
TPO15-1-1 原文：A Warm-Blooded TurtleWhen it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Nonetheless, an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26°C (77-79°F) in seawater that is only 8°C (46.4°F). Accomplishing this feat requires adaptations both to generate heat in the turtle’s body and to keep it from escaping into the surrounding waters. Leatherbacks apparently do not generate internal heat the way we do, or the way birds do, as a by-product of cellular metabolism. A leatherback may be able to pick up some body heat by basking at the surface; its dark, almost black body color may help it to absorb solar radiation. However, most of its internal heat comes from the action of its muscles.Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower its surface-to-volume ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of the surrounding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do it. Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be 7°C (12.6°F) warmer than the waters it swims through.Gigantothermy, though, would not be enough to keep a leatherback warm in cold northern waters. It is not enough for whales, which supplement it with a thick layer of insulating blubber (fat). Leatherbacks do not have blubber, but they do have a reptilian equivalent: thick, oil-saturated skin, with a layer of fibrous, fatty tissue just beneath it. Insulation protects the leatherback everywhere but on its head and flippers. Because the flippers are comparatively thin and blade-like, they are the one part of the leatherback that is likely to become chilled. There is not much that the turtle can do about this without compromising the aerodynamic shape of the flipper. The problem is that as blood flows through the turtle’s flippers, it risks losing enough heat to lower the animal’s central body temper ature when it returns. The solution is to allow the flippers to cool down without drawing heat away from the rest of the turtle’s body. The leatherback accomplishes this by arranging the blood vessels in the base of its flipper into a countercurrent exchange system.In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. This is the same arrangement found in an old-fashioned steam radiator, in which the coiled pipes pass heat back and forth as watercourses through them. The leatherback is certainly not the only animal with such an arrangement; gulls have a countercurrent exchange in their legs. That is why a gull can stand on an ice floe without freezing.All this applies, of course, only to an adult leatherback. Hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat, even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems. We do not know how old, or how large, a leatherback has to be before it can switch from a cold-blooded to a warm-blooded mode of life. Leatherbacks reach their immense size in a much shorter time than it takes other sea turtles to grow. Perhaps their rush to adulthood is driven by a simple need to keep warm.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paragraph 1: When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.1. The phrase “unique among” in the passage is closest in meaning to○natural to○different from all other○quite common among○familiar to2. What can be inferred about whales from paragraph 1?○They are considered by some to be reptiles.○Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.○They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.○They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.Paragraph 2: A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Nonetheless, an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26°C (77-79°F) in seawater that is only 8°C (46.4°F). Accomplishing this feat requires adaptations both to generate heat in the turtle’s body and to keep it from escaping into the surrounding waters. Leatherbacks apparently do not generate internal heat the way we do, or the way birds do, as a by-product of cellular metabolism. A leatherback may be able to pick up some body heat by basking at the surface; its dark, almost black body color may help it to absorb solar radiation. However, most of its internal heat comes from the action of its muscles.3. The word “feat” in the passage is closest in meaning to○remarkable achievement○common transformatio n○daily activity○complex solution4. Paragraph 2 mentions all of the following as true about the body heat of adult leatherback turtles EXCEPT:○Their muscles produce heat for maintaining body temperature.○Their dark bodies help trap solar radiation.○Their cellular metabolism produces heat as a by-product.○Basking at the water’s surface helps them obtain heat.Paragraph 3: Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower its surface-to-volume ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of the surrounding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do it. Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be 7°C (12.6°F) warmer than the waters it swims through.5. The word “bulk” in the passage is closest in meaning to○strength○effort○activity○massParagraph 4: Gigantothermy, though, would not be enough to keep a leatherback warm in cold northern waters. It is not enough for whales, which supplement it with a thick layer of insulating blubber (fat). Leatherbacks do not have blubber, but they do have a reptilian equivalent: thick, oil-saturated skin, with a layer of fibrous, fatty tissue just beneath it. Insulation protects the leatherback everywhere but on its head and flippers. Because the flippers are comparatively thin and blade-like, they are the one part of the leatherback that is likely to become chilled. There is not much that the turtle can do about this without compromising the aerodynamic shape of the flipper. The problem is that as blood flows through the turtle’s flippers, it risks losing enough heat to lower the animal’s central body temperature when it returns. The solution is to allow the flippers to cool down without drawing heat away from the rest of the turtle’s body. The leatherback accomplishes this by arranging the blood vessels in the base of its flipper into a countercurrent exchange system.6. The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to○the problem○blood○the turtle○body temperature7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following features enables the leatherback turtle to stay warm?○An insulating laye r of blubber○A thick, oily skin covering fatty tissue○The aerodynamic shape of its flippers○A well-insulated headParagraph 5: In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. This is the same arrangement found in an old-fashioned steam radiator, in which the coiled pipes pass heat back and forth as water courses through them. The leatherback is certainly not the only animal with such an arrangement; gulls have a countercurrent exchange in their legs. That is why a gull can stand on an ice floe without freezing.8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○In a turtle's countercurrent exchange system, outgoing vessels lie near enough to ingoing ones that heat can be exchanged from the former to the latter before reaching the turtle's flippers.○Within the turtle's flippers, there is a countercurrent exchange system that allows colder blood vessels to absorb heat from nearby warmer blood vessels and then return warmed blood to the turtle's body.○In a countercurrent exchange system, a turtle can pick up body heat from being close enough to other turtles, thus raising its blood temperature as it passes them.○When a turtle places its flippers close to its body, it is able to use its countercurrent exchange system to transfer heat from the warmer blood vessels in its body to the cooler blood vessels in its flippers.9. Why does the author mention old-fashioned steam radiator in the discussion of countercurrent exchange systems?○To argue that a turtle's central heating system is not as highly evolved as that of other warmblooded animals○To provide a useful comparison with wh ich to illustrate how a countercurrent exchange system works○To suggest that steam radiators were modeled after the sophisticated heating system of turtles○To establish the importance of the movement of water in countercurrent exchange systems10. The phrase “courses through” in the passage is closest in meaning to○rises through○heats up in○runs through○collects inParagraph 6: All this applies, of course, only to an adult leatherback. Hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat, even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems. We do not know how old, or how large, a leatherback has to be before it can switch from a cold-blooded to a warm-blooded mode of life. Leatherbacks reach their immense size in a much shorter time than it takes other sea turtles to grow. Perhaps their rush to adulthood is driven by a simple need to keep warm.11. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements is most accurate about young leatherback turtles?○They lack the countercurrent excha nge systems that develop in adulthood.○Their rate of growth is slower than that of other sea turtles.○They lose heat easily even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems.○They switch between cold-blooded and warm-blooded modes throughout their hatchling stage.Paragraph 3: Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the lower its surface-to-volume ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through sheer bulk is called gigantothermy. ■It works for elephant s, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. ■It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. ■Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of the surrou nding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do it. ■Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be 7°C (12.6°F) warmer than the waters it swims through.12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the follo wing sentence could be added to the passage.However, these animals have additional means of staying warm.Where would the sentence best fit?13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Contrary to what we would expect of reptiles, the leatherback turtle is actually warm-blooded.●The leatherback turtle uses a…●The leatherback turtle is…●Leatherbacks have an…Answer Choices○Even though they swim into cold ocean waters,leatherbacks maintain their body heat in much the same way as sea turtles in warm southern oceans do.○The leatherback turtle uses a countercurrent exchange system in order to keep the flippers from drawing heat away from the rest of the body.○The shape of the leatherback turtle's flippers is especially important in maintaining heat in extremely cold northern waters.○The leatherback turtle is able to maintain body heat through sheer size.○Leatherbacks have an insulating layer that can be considered the reptilian version of blubber.○Young leatherbacks often do not survive to adulthood because they are not able to switch from a cold-blooded way of life to a warm-blooded one quickly enough.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------参考答案：1. ○22. ○23. ○14. ○35. ○46. ○27. ○28.○19. ○210. ○311. ○312. ○413. The leatherback turtle uses a…The leatherback turtle is…Leatherbacks have an…--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 答案解析：B，词汇题。
托福TPO15口语Task2题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15独立口语Task2题目： Question Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to remember and learn from the past. Use details and examples to explain your opinion. 托福TPO15独立口语Task2满分范文： I totally agree with this statement that it’s important to remember and learn from the past.We all make mistakes and we all have to remember mistakes. Because mistakes tell us what isn’t right. For example, when I was in the first grade primary school, I took a toy car from another student without informing him. I was too young to know that taking things from others without mentioning isn’t right. Then my teacher helped the other student find this toy car and labeled me as a thieve. I didn’t realize how serious this matter was until my father told me that this was humiliating.I swore to myself that I would never take anything from others without informing the owners. I think this is a valuable lesson and I’ll remember it forever. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO15口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
TPO15 L3 Palimpsest
TPO15 L3 PalimpsestListen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manuscripts were hand-made. And the material typically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that stretched and dried under tension. So it becomes really flat and can be written on. During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment. Parchment is durable, much more sold than paper, and it could be reused which came in handy since it was a costly material and in short supply. So it wasn't uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manuscripts. Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries. Well, the scribes often recycled the parchment that had been used for earlier manuscripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote something new in its place.A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Palimpsests were created, well, we know about two methods that were used for removing ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped out any writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle Ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink. But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact, it might reappear to the extent that scholars could makeit out and even decipher, the original text. Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes' palimpsest.Archimedes lived in Greece around 200 B.C.E, and as you probably know, he's considered one of the greatest Mathematicians who ever lived, even though, many of his writings had been lost, including what many now think to be his most important work called The Method. But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century.Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing of the manuscript laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes.Archimedes' writings were originally done on papyrus scrolls. Then in the 10th century, a scribe made a copy on parchment of some of his texts and diagrams including, as it turns out, The Method. This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. About 200 years later in the 12th century, this parchment manuscript became a palimpsest when a scribe used the parchment to make a prayer book. So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved. But the Archimedes' text was erased and written over, and no one knew it existed. It wasn't until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and the underlying layer of texts could only have come from Archimedes.That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time.Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manuscript, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in the techniques they used to see the original writing. They've used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you're interested in that sort of thing, you can learn more about it in our art conservation class. But actually, it was a physicist who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. He realized that the iron in the ancient ink would display if it was exposed to a certain X-ray imaging method, and except for small portions of the texts that couldn't be deciphered, this technique has been very helpful in seeing Archimedes' texts and drawings through the medieval over writing.。
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本——Lecture 1
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本——Lecture 1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 15 Lecture 1 PsychologyNarrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology classProfessorFor decades, psychologists have been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on, how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditions for good concentration are.As long ago as 1982, researchers came up with something called the CFQ - the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. This questionnaire asks people to rate themselves according to how often they get distracted in different situations, like um … .. forgetting to save a computer file because they had something else on their mind or missing a speed limit sign on the road. John?John：I’ve lost my share of computer files, but not because I’m easily distracted. I just forget to save them.Professor ：And that’s part of the problem with th e CFQ. It doesn ’ t take other factors into account enough, like forgetfulness. Plus you really can ’ t say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves.So it ’ s no surprise that someone attempted to design an objective way tomeasure distraction. I t ’ s a simple computer game designed by a psychologist named, Nilli Lavie. In Lavie ’ s game, people watch as the letters N and X appear and disappear in a certain area on the computer screen. Every time they see an N, they press one key, and every time they see an X they press another, except other letters also start appearing in the surrounding area of the screen with increasing frequency which creates a distraction and makes the task more difficult. Lavie observed that people ’ s reaction time slowed as these distractions increased.Student 2 ：Well that’s not too surprising, is it?Professor：No, it’s not. It’s the next part of the experiment that was surprising. When the difficulty really increased,when the screen filled up with letters, people got better at spotting the Xs and Ns . Why do you think that happened?John：Well, maybe when we are really concentrating, we just don’t perceive irrelevant information . Maybe we just don’t take it in, you know?ProfessorYes, and that’s one of the hypotheses that was proposed, that the brain simply doesn’t admit the unimportant information. The second hypothesis is that, yes, we do perceive everything, but the brain categorizes the information, and whatever is not relevant to what we are concentrating on gets treated as low priority.So Lavie did another experiment, designed to look at this ability to concentrate better in the face of increased difficulty. This time she used brain scanning equipment to monitor activity in a certain part of the brain, the area called V5, which is part of the visual cortex, the part of our brains that processes visual stimuli. V5 is the area of the visual cortex that’s responsible for the sensation of movement. Once again, Lavie gave people a computer-based task to do.They have to distinguish between words in upper and lower-case letters or even harder, they had to count the number of syllables in different words. This time the distraction was a moving star field in the background, you know, where it looks like you are moving through space, passing stars. Normally area of V5 would be stimulated as those moving stars are perceived and sure enough, Lavie found that during the task area of V5 was active, so people were aware of the moving star field. That means people were not blocking out the distraction. Student：So doesn’t that mean that the first hypothesis you mentioned was wrong, the one that says we don’t even perceive irrelevant information when we are concentrating?ProfessorYes that’s right, up to a point, but that’s not all. Lavie also discovered that as she made the task more difficult , V5 became less active, so that means that now people weren ’ t really noticing the star field at all. That was quite a surprise and it proved that the second hypothesis – that we do perceiveeverything all the time but the brain categorizes distractions differently,well, that wasn’t true either.Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brai ’s ability to accept or ignore visual information. She thinks its capacity is limited. It’s like a highway.When there are too many cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived .Now that may be the correct conclusion for visual distractions, but moreresearch is needed to tell us how the brain deals with, say, the distractions ofsolving a math problem when we are hungry or when someone is singing in the next room.。
【托福听力资料】托福tpo15听力文本-lecture4
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 15 Lecture 4 BiologyNarrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:OK. We’ve been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biologicalcommunity – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know uh, food forthe organisms, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back intoinorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when greenplants or microbes convert sunlight into energy, and also requiresmicroorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle theorganic material to complete the cycle. So, now we are done with this chapter ofthe textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the nextchapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I ‘d like to talk about somediscoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about whatyou need in order to have a biological community.And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermalvents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we aretaiking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents onthe ocean floor, they release this incredibly hot water, 3 to 4 times the temperature that you boil water at, because this water has been heated deep within the Earth.Well about 30 years ago, researchers sent a deep-sea vessel to explore the ocean’s depth, about 3 kilometers down, way deep to the ocean floor, No one had ever explored that far down before. Nobody expected there to be any life down there because of the conditions.First of all, sunlight doesn’t reach that far down so it ’ s totally dark. There couldn’t be any plant or animal life since there’s no sunlight, no source of energy to make food. If there was any life at all, it’d just be some bacteria breaking down any dead materials that might have fallen to the bottom of the ocean . And?Student 1 ：And what about the water pressure? Didn ’ t we talk before about how the deeper down into the ocean you go, the greater the pressure? Professor ：Excellent point! And not only the extreme pressure, but also the extreme temperature of the water around these vents. If the lack of sunlight didn’t rule out the existence of a biological community down there then these factors certainly would, or so they thought.Student 2：So you are telling us they did find organisms that could live under those conditions?Professor: They did indeed, something like 300 different species.Student 1 ：But... but how could that be? I mean without sunlight, no energy,no no …Protessor:What they discovered was that microorganisms, bacteria, had taken over both functions of the biological community - the recycling of waste materials and the production of energy. They were the energy source. You see, it turns out that certain microorganisms are chemosynthetic - they don’t need sunlight because they take their energy from chemical reactions.So, as I said, unlike green plants which are photosynthetic and get their energy from sunlight, these bacteria that they found at the ocean floor, these are chemosynthetic, which means that they get their energy from chemical reactions. How does this work?As we said, these hydrothermal vents are releasing into the ocean depth this intensely hot water and here is the thing, this hot water contains a chemical called hydrogen sulfide, and also a gas , carbon dioxide. Now these bacteria actually combine the hydrogen sulfide with the carbon dioxide and this chemical reaction is what produces organic material which is the food for larger organisms. The researchers had never seen anything like it before.Student 2 : Wow! So just add a chemical to a gas, and bingo, you ’ ve got a food supply?ProfessorNot just that! W hat was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called thetube worm. Here, let me show you a picture . The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to one and a half meters long , and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh?And another thing, the tube worm has no mouth or digestive organs. So you are asking how does it eat? Well, they have these special organs that collect the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and then transfer it to another organ, where billions of bacteria live. These bacteria that live inside the tube worms, the tube worms provide them with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. And the bacteria, well the bacteria kind of feed the tube worms through chemosynthesis, remember, that chemical reaction I described earlier.。
TPO 15 听力文本_Megan
TPO 15听力文本TPO 15 ScriptSection 1Conversation1Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a Student and the faculty Advisor of the campus newspaper.StudentHi! I talked to someone on the phone a couple of weeks ago, Anna, I think it was? AdvisorI'm Anna, the faculty advisor.StudentOh, great! I'm Peter Murphy. You probably don't r e member me, but …AdvisorNo! No! I remember you. You're interested in working for the paper.StudentYeah, as a reporter.AdvisorThat's right. You're taking a journ alism class and you’ve done some reporting before in high school, right?StudentWow, you have a good memory.AdvisorWell we haven’t had many s tudents applying lately so … so anyway, you still want to do some reporting for us?StudentYeah, if you have room for me on the staff.AdvisorWell we always need more reporters, but you know, we don't pay anything, right? StudentYeah, I know, but I huh.. . I'd like the experience. It would look good on my resume .AdvisorAbsolutely! Let's see. I think I told you that we ask prospective reporters to turn in some outlines for possible articles.StudentYeah, I sent them in about a week ago, but I haven't heard anything back yet, so, so I thought I'd stop by and see, but I guess you haven't looked at them yet.AdvisorOh, Max, the news editor. He looks a t all the submissions.StudentOh, so he hasn't made any decision about me yet?AdvisorWell I just got here a few minutes ago... haven't been in for a couple of days. Just give me a second to check my e-ma il. Uh … here is a message from Max. Let’s see. Well it seems you’ve really impressed him. He says it would be wonderful if you could join our staff. StudentOh, great! When can I start?AdvisorWell, you turned in an outline on something to do with the physics department? StudentYeah, they're trying to come up with ways to get more Students to take their introductory courses.AdvisorRight, well, apparently, nobody else is covering that story, so he wants you to follow up on it.StudentOK. Uh … wha t the other outline I sent in, about the proposed increase in tuition fees? AdvisorOh, it looks like we've got that coveredStudentSo I am starting with an article about the physics department. I guess I'd better get to work. Do you have any advice on how I should cover the story?AdvisorWell, Max will want to talk to you but I am sure he will tell you to find out things like why the physics department's worried about enrollment. Has the number of Students been getting smaller in recent years? By how much? What kinds of plans are they considering to address this problem?StudentRight, some of those issues are already in what I proposed.AdvisorAnd you'll want to do some interviews, you know, what do the Professors think of the plans, what do the Stu dents think you get the idea but …StudentBut wait till I talk to Max before proceeding.AdvisorRight, he'll cover everything you need to know to be a reporter for us. Can you come back this afternoon? He will be here until 5 o'clock.Lecture 1Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.ProfessorFor decades, psychologists have been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on, how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditions for good concentration are. As long ago as 1982, researchers came up with something called the CFQ - the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. This questionnaire asks people to rate themselves according to how often they get distracted in different situations, like hum … .. forgetti ng to save a computer file because they had something else on their mind or missing a speed limit sign on the road. John?JohnI've lost my share of computer files, but not because I’ m easily distracted. I just forget to save them.ProfessorAnd tha t's part of the problem with the CFQ. It doesn’t take other factors into account enough, like forgetfulness. Plus you really can’t say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves. So it’s no surprise that someone attempted to design an objectiv e way to measure distraction. It’s a simple computer game designed by a psychologist named, Nilli Lavie. In Lavie’s game, people watch as the letters N and X appear and disappear in a certain area on the computer screen. Every time they see an N, they press one key, and every time they seean X they press another, except other letters also start appearing in the surrounding area of the screen with increasing frequency which creates a distraction and makes the task more diffic ult. Lav ie observed that people’s reaction time slowed as these distractions increased.StudentWell t hat’s not too surprising, isn’t it?ProfessorNo, it's not. It's the next part of the experiment that was surprising. When the difficulty really increased, when the screen filled up with letters, people got better at spotting the Xs and Ns. What (why) do you think that happened?JohnWell, maybe when we are really concentrating, we just don't perceive irrelevant information. Maybe we just don't take it in, you know?ProfessorYes, and that's one of the hypotheses that was proposed, that the brain simply doesn't admit the unimportant information. The second hypothesis is that, yes, we do perceive everything, but the brain categorizes the information, and whatever is not relevant to what we are concentrating on gets treated as low priority. So Lavie did another experiment, designed to look at the ability to concentrate better in the face of increased difficulty. This time she used brain scanning equipment to monitor activ ity in a certain part of the brain, the area called V5, which is part of the visual cortex, the part of our brains that processes visual stimuli.V5 is the area of the v isual cortex that's responsible for the sensation of movement. Once again, Lav ie gave people a computer-based task to do. They have to distinguish between words in upper and lower-case letters or even harder, they had to count the number of syllables in different words. This time the distraction was a moving star field in the background, you know, where H looks like you are moving through space, passing stars. Normally area of V5 would be stimulated as those moving stars are perceived and sure enough, Lavie found that during the task area of V5 was active, so people were aware of the moving star field. That means people were not blocking out the distraction. StudentSo doesn't that mean that the first hypothesis you mentioned was wrong, the one that says we don't even perceive irrelevant information when we are concentrating?ProfessorYes that's right, up to a point, bu t that’s not all. Lav ie also discovered that as she made the task more difficult, V5 became less active, so that means that now people wer en’t really noticing the star field at all. That was quite a surprise and it approved that the second hypothesis – that we do perceive everything all the time but the brain categorizesdistractions differently, well, that wasn't true either. Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brain’s ability to accept or ignore visual information. She th inks its capacity is limited. It’s like a highway. When there are too many cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived. Now that may be the correct conclusion for v isual distractions, but more research is needed to tell us how the brain deals with, say, the distractions of solv ing a math problem when we are hungry or when someone is singing in the next room.Lecture 2Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.ProfessorAs geologists, we examine layers of sediment on the Earth's surface to approximate the dates of past geologic time periods. Ah sediment as you know is material like sand , gravel, fossil fragments that is transported by natural processes like wind , water flow or the movement of glaciers . So sediment is transported and then deposited and it forms layers on the Earth’s surface over time. We examine these layers to learn about different geologic time periods including when they began and ended. For example, from about 1.8 million years ago to around 11 thousand years ago was the Pleistocene epic. The Pleistocene epic was an ice age. During this epic, sediment was made by the kind of erosion and weathering that happens when the climate is colder, and part of those sediments are fossils of plants and animals that lived at that time. The Holocene epic followed the Pleistoce ne epic when the Earth’s climate warmed up around 11 thousand years ago. The Holocene epic is characterized by different sediments, ones that form when the climate is warmer. Because the climate changed, the types of plants and animals changed also. Holocene sediments contain remnants of more recent plants and animals, so it's pretty easy to differentiate geologically between these two epics. Now there is growing evidence that the presence of humans has altered the earth so much that a new epic of geologic history has began(begun) – the Anthropocene epic, a new human-influenced epic. This idea that we’ve entered a new Anthro-pocene epic was first proposed in 2002. The idea is that around the year 1800 CE the human population became large enough, around a billion people, that its activities started altering the environment. This was also the time of the industrial revolution, which brought a tremendous increase in the use of fossil fuels such coal. The exploitation of fossil fuels has brought planet wide developments: industrialization, construction, uh, mass transport. And these developments have caused major changes like additional erosion of the Ear th’s surface and deforestation. Also, things like the damming of rivers, has caused increased sediment production, not to mention the addition of more carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Naturally all these changes show up in recent sediments. And these sediments are quite different from pre year 1800 sediment layers. Interestingly there's some speculation that humans started having a major impact on Earth much earlier, about 8000 years ago. That's when agriculture was becoming widespread. Early farmers started clearing forests and livestock produced a lot of extra methane. But I want to stress this is just a hypothesis. The ideathat early humans could have had such a major effect, well I'm just not sure we can compare it with the industrial age. Geologists in the far future will be able to examine the sediment being laid down today, whereas right now we can say that yes, human impact on the Earth is clear: It'll be future researchers who hav e a better perspective and will be able to really draw a line between the Holocene and the Anthropocene epics.Section 2Conversation2NarratorListen to part of a conversation between a Student and her biology.ProfessorHi Samantha, how did your track meet go?SamanthaGreat! I placed first in one race and third in another.ProfessorCongratulations! You must practice a lot.SamanthaThree times a week pre-season, but now that we’re competing every weekend, we practice 6 days a week from 3:30 till 5:00.ProfessorAthletics place a heavy demand on your time, don’t they?SamanthaYeah, but I really love competing, so …ProfessorYou know I played soccer in college and my biggest challenge, and I didn’t always succeed, was getting my studying in during soccer season. Are you having a similar …SamanthaNo, I … I really do make time to study. And I actually study more for this class than I do for all my other classes. But I didn’t see the grade I expected on my mid-term exam, which is why I came by.ProfessorWell, you "didn't do badly on the exam, but I agree it did not reflect your potential. I say this because your work on the lab project was exemplary. I was so impressed with the way you handle the microscope and the samples of onion cells, and with how carefully you observed and diagramed and interpreted each stage of cell division. And I don't think youcould have done that if you hadn't read and understood the chapter. I mean it seemed like you really had a good understanding of it.SamanthaI thought so too, but I missed some questions about cell division on the exam. ProfessorSo what happened?SamanthaI just sort of blanked out, I guess. I had a hard time remembering details. It was so frustrating.ProfessorAlright, let's back up. You say you studied, where, at home?SamanthaAt my kitchen table actually.ProfessorAnd that's supposed to be a quiet environment?SamanthaNot exactly. My brother and parents try to keep it down when I am studying, but the phone pretty much rings off the ho ok, so …ProfessorSo you might try a place with fewer distractions, like the library …SamanthaBut the library closes at mid-night, and I like to study all night before a test, you know, so everything is fresh in my mind. I studied six straight hours the night before the mid-term exam. That’s why I expected to do so much better.ProfessorOh ok. You know that studying six consecutive hours is not equivalent to studying one hour a day for six days.SamanthaIt isn’t?ProfessorNo. There is research that shows that after about an hour of intense focus, your brain needs a break. It needs to, you know, shift gears a little. Your brain's ability to absorb information starts to decline after about the first hour. So if you are dealing with a lot ofnew concepts and vocabulary, anyway, if you just reviewed your notes, even 20 minutes a day, it'd be much better than waiting until the night before an exam to try and absorb all those details .SamanthaOh, I didn't realize.ProfessorThink of your brain as: a muscle. If you didn't practice regularly with your track team, and then tried to squeeze in three weeks worth of running practice just the day before a track meet, how well do you think you'd perform in your races?Lecture 3Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor:Now in Europe in the Middle Ages before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manual scripts were hand-made. And the material typically used for the pages was parchment, which is animal skin that stretched and dried under tension, so it becomes really fat(flat) and can be written on . During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment. Parchment is durable, much more so than paper, and it could be reused which came in handy since it was a costly material and in short supply. So it wasn’t uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manual scripts. Ah, remember before printing books were made mainly in monasteries. Well, the scribes often recycled the parchment that’d been used for earlier manual scripts. They simply erased the ink off the parchment and wrote something new in its place A manual script page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Palimpsests were created, well, we know about two methods that were used for removing ink from parchment. In the late Middle Ages, it was customary to scrape away the surface of the parchment with an abrasive, which completely wiped out any writing that was there. But earlier in the Middle ages, the original ink was usually removed by washing the used parchment with milk. That removed the ink. But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact, it might reappear to the extent that scholars could make out an even decipher, the original text. Perhaps, the most famous example is the Archimedes' palimpsest. Archimedes lived in Greece around 200 BCE, and as you probably know, he's considered one of the greatest Mathematicians who ever lived, even though, many of his writings had been lost , including what many now think to be his most important work called The Method . But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages sold in an art auction for a lot of money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing on the manual script laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes Archimedes' writings were originally done on papyrus scrolls. Then in the 10thcentury, a scribe made a copy on parchment of some of his texts and diagrams including, as it turns out, The Method. This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. About 200 years later in the 12th century, this parchment manual script became a palimpsest when a scribe used the parchment to make a prayer book. So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved. But the Archimedes' text was erased and written over, and no one knew it existed. It wasn't until 1906 that a scholar came across the prayer book in a library and realized it was a palimpsest, and that the underlying layer of texts could only have come from Archimedes. That was when his work The Method was discovered for the first time. Um... the palimpsest then went through some more tough times, but eventually it ended up in an art auction where was bought and then donated to an art museum in Baltimore, for conservation and study. To avoid further damage to the manual script, the research team at the art museum has had to be extremely selective in their techniques they used to see the original writing. They've used ultraviolet light and some other techniques, and if you're interested in that sort of thing, you can learn more about it in an art conservation class. But actually, it was a physicist who came up with a method that was a breakthrough. He realized that the iron in the ancient ink would display if exposed to a certain X-ray imaging method, and except for small portions of the text that couldn't be deciphered, this technique's been very helpful in seeing Archimedes' texts and drawings through the medieval over writing.Lecture 4Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:OK. We've been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know ah, food for the organism, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle the organic material to complete the cycle So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I’d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community. And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977 with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we are talking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents on the ocean floor, they release this incredibly hot water, 3-4 times the temperature that you boil water at because this water has been heated deep within the Earth. Well about 30 years ago, researchers sent a deep-sea vessel to explore the ocean ’ s depth, about 3 kilometers down, way deep to ocean floor, No one had ever explored that far down before. Nobody expected there to be any life down there because of the conditions. First of all, sunlight doesn't reach that far down so it’s totallydark. There couldn’t be any plant or animal life since there's no sunlight, no source of energy to make food. If there was any life at all, it’d just be some bacter ia breaking down any dead materials that might have fallen to the bottom of the ocean. And?StudentAnd what about the water pressure? Didn’t we talk before about how the deeper down into the ocean you go, the greater the pressure?ProfessorExcellent point! And not only the extreme pressure, but also the extreme temperature of the water around these vents. If the lack of sunlight didn't rule out the existence of a biological community down there then these factors certainly would, or so they thought. StudentSo you are telling us they did find organisms that could live under those conditions? Professor:They did indeed, something like 300 different speciesStudentBut... but how could that be? I mean without sunlight, no energy, no no …Professor:What they discovered was that microorganisms, bacteria, had taken over both functions of the biological community - the recycling of waste materials and the production of energy. They were the energy source. You see, it turns out that certain microorganisms are chemosynthetic - they don't need sunlight because they take their energy from chemical Reactions. So, as I said, unlike green plants which are photosynthetic and their energy from sunlight, these bacteria that they found at the ocean floor, these are chemosynthetic, which means that they get their energy from chemical reactions. How does this work? As we said, these hydrothermal vents are releasing into the ocean depth this intensely hot water and here is the thing, this hot water contains a chemical called hydrogen sulfide, and also a gas, carbon dioxide. Now these bacteria actually combine the hydrogen sulfide with the carbon dioxide and this chemical reaction is what produces organic material which is the food for larger organisms. The researchers had never seen anything like it before. StudentWow! So just add a chem ical to a gas, and bingo, you’ve got a food supply?ProfessorNot just that! What was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called the tube worm. Here, let me show you a picture. The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to oneand half meters long, and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh? And another thing, the tube worm has no mouth, or digestive organs. So you are asking how does it eat? Well, they have these special organs that collect the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and then transfer it to another organ, where billions of bacteria live. These bacteria that live inside the tube worms, the tube worms provide them with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. And the bacteria, well the bacteria kind of feed the tube worms through chemosynthesis, remember, that chemical reaction I described earlier.。
托福TPO15口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15口语Task3阅读文本： University Should Pave Running Trails The university has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that pass through the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved with cement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety. When it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runners who use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, paving would make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them. Bumps in the trail would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, making the trail more attractive to runners. Sincerely, Sally Jacobs 托福TPO15口语Task3听力文本： Now listen to two students discussing the letter. (woman) Hey, Ted, you're a runner. Did you see this letter in the paper? (man) Yeah, I did, and I use those. (woman) And? (man) I think it's a terrible idea. (woman) How come? (man) Well, she really hasn't thought it through. Like, the thing about making them safer, what's she's not thinking about is the long-term consequence of running on a hard surface. (woman) What do you mean? (man) I mean, it's not good for you. It's too hard on your bones and joints. If you run repeatedly on hard surface, it can lead to injuries or, that's what I've been taught anyway, it's better to run on a soft surface. It does less damage to your body. (woman) Oh, I wasn't aware of that. (man) Yeah, so actually it wouldn't be safer. And her second point… (woman) About changing the way they look? (man) Yeah, I don't think people will like it. (woman) So they'd use them less? (man) Yeah, I mean, one of the main reasons people enjoy them now was it’s a way of taking a break from the rest of the campus, from buildings and streets and stuff. It’s, you know, a chance that feels like you’re out in the nature. (woman) Oh, so you wouldn't bet that effect anymore. (man) Right! It’d be just like you’re on a regular street or sidewalk. It wouldn't be as relaxing. 托福TPO15口语Task3题目： The man expresses his opinion about the proposal in the student’s letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state the man’s opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO15口语Task3满分范文： Well, the proposal says that the university should pave the dirt trail with cement for two reasons. However the man doesn't agree with the proposal for some reasons. First of all, he argues that it's safer for people to run repeatedly on a trail with soft surface than on a paved one, simply because it'll do less damage and injuries to human bodies. Besides, he is against the proposal's second opinion mainly because students will take a break for walking on the trail, since it's more natural and students would have a chance to relax. So based on the reasons above the man disagrees with the proposal. (106 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO15口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福TPO15口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO15口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO15口语Task4阅读文本： Experimenter Effect One objective of any experiment is, of course, to obtain accurate results.Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to in accurate results. One such problem is the experimenter effect. The experimenter effect occurs when searcher ’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment. 托福TPO15口语Task4听力文本： (male professor) For example, I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys and he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box, and he was told to record how many hours it took to train each monkey to learn to do this.Now, before he started the training, the researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent and the other group was less intelligent. In truth, there was no difference between them. All the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence. But the researcher didn't know that. He thought one group was smarter, so he expected that group would be easier to train.So, what happened? Well, the researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action, and it turned out that, on average, it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly smart monkeys than the supposedly less intelligent monkeys. Why? Well, it turns out that with the supposedly smart monkeys the researcher smiled at them a lot, gave them a lot of encouragement, talked to them a lot, worked hard to communicate with them. But with the monkeys he thought were less intelligent, he wasn’t this enthusiastic, he didn’t try this hard, wasn’t quite optimistic. 托福TPO15口语Task4题目： Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrates the experimenter effect. 托福TPO15口语Task4满分范文： When the researchers expect certain result during their experiment, the expectations usually affect the outcome. This phenomenon is called experimentereffect. The professor illustrates this with a monkey experiment that he read about. In the experiment, a researcher was given two groups of monkey and asked to teach them to pick up a ball and put it in a box. And he had been told that one group was smarter than the other, which was not true. Therefore, anyway, the researcher expected that the smarter group was easier to train. And it took two hours less time to train the supposedly smarter monkey because he tried to communicate with them, frequently smiled at them, encouraged them, and talked to them. While with the other group, he was not that enthusiastic. So actually it's the researcher's behavior that influenced the result. That's how experimenter effect is achieved during the experiment. (152 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO15口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
新托福TPO15阅读原文及译文(二)
新托福TPO15阅读原文(二)：Mass ExtinctionsTPO15-2：Mass ExtinctionsCases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago). The Permian event has attracted much less attention than other mass extinctions because mostly unfamiliar species perished at that time.The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions in which many families of marine organisms died out. The rates of extinction happening today are as great as the rates during these mass extinctions. Many scientists have therefore concluded that a sixth great mass extinction is currently in progress.What could cause such high rates of extinction? There are several hypotheses, including warming or cooling of Earth, changes in seasonal fluctuations or ocean currents, and changing positions of the continents. Biological hypotheses include ecological changes brought about by the evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans. Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas. Each mass extinction may have had a different cause. Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat destruction as the likely causes for the current mass extinction.American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski, who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups, suggest that episodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically, approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period. The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and ammonoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrentextinction episodes. The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact.Of the various hypotheses attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez. According to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable. The force of collision spewed large amounts of debris into the atmosphere, darkening the skies for several years before the finer particles settled. The reduced level of photosynthesis led to a massive decline in plant life of all kinds, and this caused massive starvation first of herbivores and subsequently of carnivores. The mass extinction would have occurred very suddenly under this hypothesis.One interesting test of the Alvarez hypothesis is based on the presence of the rare-earth element iridium (Ir). Earth’s crust contains very little of this element, but most asteroids contain a lot more. Debris thrown into the atmosphere by an asteroid collision would presumably contain large amounts of iridium, and atmospheric currents would carry this material all over the globe. A search of sedimentary deposits that span the boundary between theCretaceous and Tertiary periods shows that there is a dramatic increase in the abundance of iridium briefly and precisely at this boundary. This iridium anomaly offers strong support for the Alvarez hypothesis even though no asteroid itself has ever been recovered.An asteroid of this size would be expected to leave an immense crater, even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock. Also, large blocks thrown aside by the impact would form secondary craters surrounding the main crater. To date, several such secondary craters have been found along Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, and heat-shocked quartz has been found both in Mexico and in Haiti. Alocation called Chicxulub, along the Yucatan coast, has been suggested as the primary impact site.TPO15-2译文：大规模物种灭绝地质年代中，在一个短期的时间间隔有大量物种灭绝的现象就被称为大规模物种灭绝。
托福口语城市主题范文3篇
托福口语城市主题范文3篇（带译文）【介绍自己的城市】My favorite place in my city is a cafe Restaurant called moonlight. The moonlight cafe restaurant is the largest restaurant in our city and it provides all kinds of food, from sea food to curry, and from sushi to barbeque. Though I am a picky gourmet, the moonlight cafe restaurant can make me satisfy. Besides, the moonlight cafe restaurant is near my home and it is convenient for me to go there, it just take me five minutes walking from my home to this cafe restaurant. The price of this cafe restaurant is very reasonable and the waiters there provide well rounded service. I love the moonlight cafe restaurant.译文：在我的城市里，我最喜欢的地方是一家叫月光的咖啡餐厅。
月光咖啡餐厅是我们城市最大的餐厅，它提供各种食物，从海鲜到咖喱，从寿司到烤肉。
虽然我是一个挑剔的美食家，但月光咖啡馆可以让我满意。
此外，月光咖啡馆离我家很近，我去那里很方便，从我家到这家咖啡馆只需要步行五分钟。
这家咖啡馆的价格非常合理，而且那里的服务员提供了完善的服务。
我喜欢月光咖啡馆。
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小编下面给考生们带来了托福TPO15口语文本，六个task，希望大家有针对性的有计划的规划备考。
多做题，多积累、多研究，实现自我的不断提升，加油!向着梦想前进。
Task1
People make friends in many different ways. What do you think is a good way
to make new friends? Use specific details and examples in your response.
Task2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to
remember and learn from the past. Use details and examples to explain your
opinion.
Task3
University Should Pave Running Trails
The university has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that
pass through the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved with
cement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety. When
it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runners who
use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, paving
would make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them.
Bumps in the trial would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, making
the trail more attractive to runners. Sincerely Sally Jacobs.
The man expresses his opinion about the proposal in the student’s letter.
Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state her opinion about the proposal and
explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
Task4
Experiment Effect
One objective of any experiment is, of course, to obtain accurate results.
Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to inaccurate results. One such problem is the experimenter effect. The experimenter effect occurs when a
researcher’s expectations affect the outcome of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment
participants, thereby invalidating the result of the experiment.
Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrate the
experiment effect.
Task5
Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend and explain the reasons for your
recommendation.
Task6
Using the examples in the lecture, explain how the position of birds’ eyes is critical to their survival.
以上就是小编为大家带来关于托福TPO口语资料供大家阅读参考，托福资料频道将第一时间为考生发布最全、最新、最专业的托福资讯及托福考试资料及机经.。