核酸【生物化学及实验(丙)】

SUGARNS UCLEOTIDES
A nucleotide consists
of
a
nitrogen-containingHOCH2
basNe,UaCfiLvEe-OcaTrbIDonEsSugar, and one or more
BASIC SUGAR
பைடு நூலகம்
LINKOHAGE
O
BASIC SUGAR
deoxyribose sugar (designated 5'). Mono-,
in一e一、NH 核酸O与核P苷YRI酸MID的INE 基本结构PURINE
H
NH2
•･ 核酸的基本组成单位：核苷酸
NUCLEOTIDES
BASIC SUGAR
LINKAGE
re normally joined to
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing
HONCH2
O
N
HO
H
OH
–O
PO O
PO O
PO O
CH2
as in ATP
phosphate groups.
dTthih-e,eaCpn5hdohtsrypidphrhoaoxtseypslhoaafrteethsneaorrrem ibcaoolsmleymojoorinn.ed to
ddei-o, xaOynrdibtorispehsousgpahra(tdeessaigrenactoemdm5'o).nM . ono-,
第四章 核苷酸和核酸
•･ 核苷酸和核酸的共价结构 •･ DNA的结构 •･ RNA的结构 •･ 核酸的性质
↡℩㤐㬙摙! 㬙摙䥥▀叞㤐↡℩獑
•･ 脱氧核糖核酸： deoxyribonucleic acid DNA •･ 核糖核酸： ribonucleic acid RNA
•･ 信使核糖核酸：messenger RNA mRNA •･ 转移核糖核酸：transfer RNA tRNA •･ 核糖体核糖核酸：ribosomal RNA rRNA
OH OH
SUGAR 戊糖
O
4 SUGAR C 1
3
2H
The base is linked to the same carbon (C1) used in sugar–sugar bonds.
BASNEHS2
HC
U 腺嘌呤 A HC
尿嘧啶 C
HC NH2 N
HC
C U HC
胞嘧啶 HC
G C HC
碱基 BASE
NH2
N-glycosidic bond
BASE
PHOSPHATE
N
5
N
O CH2
as in ADP
O
O
P
O
CH2
as in ATP
O–
makes a nucleotide ed.
O –O P O CH2
N
O
O–
O
Nucleotides are the subunits of the nucleic acids.
compounds,
POPO
either
CH2
pays rinimidines ADP
or
purines.
–O P
O
O4–Tcohme pOb–oausensdasr,eeinthiterNor gpeynri-mcoidnitn6aeinsionrgpruinrOgi–nes.
3N
7
5
1N
O
O
O8
NH
C NH O
6
–O5 N1P
4O 2 P3 NO
P
O
9
CNH2
aNs in4 A7TP
3 5N
62
Nucleoti1deNs
6 O– O2– O–
8
PYTRheIMphIoDNs1pIhNaEte makes a nucleotide
9
4
PNURINE
are the 2 sub3units of thNe nucleic acids.
f the•･ribo核se o苷r 酸是由磷b酸ase、, a fi戊ve-c糖arbo和n su含gar,氮and碱one基or m（ore嘌呤，嘧啶）组成的
r (designated 5'). Mono-,
phosphate groups.
hates are common.
as in
2
AMP
磷酸
4A SUGNAR C
CH 1
N3
2H
NOH
The base is linked to
CtChe same carbon (C1)
used in
Gbonds.
NNsugHHar2–sugar
C
N
NH2
PHOSPHATES
The phosphates are normally joined to
tPhHe OC5ShPyHdrAoxTyEl Sof the ribose or
sugar,
and
oBnAeSoEr
more
H
PENTOSE a five-carbon sugar
4’
1’
3’ 2’
PHOSPHATE
NH2
two kindBs aAreSuEsed OH
NNH2
PHOOSPHATE
–O P OO CH2
N
Ef“oa5lc-lphorwinmeudembcbayerrabeodpnrci,”mareebtomc–n.aOorkOn; tt–hheeOPrseu–fgoarerO,oofnaensupCcelHaeko2stiOodfetihseO
–O
PO O
CH2
as in AMP
–O OP– O CH2
as in AMP
OO–
O
–O PO O PO O CH2
as in ADP
–O OP– O OP– O CH2
as in ADP
OO–
OO–
O
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containingH
bpahsoes,pahafitveCe5g-’craorubOposn.
C
negatively charged.
adenine N N C
HC
CH2
adeninNNHe CON
O
HC
N H
NC
HC
guOaHnineOH N CN
SUGAR
H HC
guanine N H
C
NC OC C
NC C
thymine
N H
O
PYRIMIDINE
PURINE
鸟嘌呤
NN5 H2
N
CCH O
C N H
N
C N
cytosine O
HC O
CH3Ccytosine OC
C O
H
T H3C HC
C
thymineC
N H
胸腺嘧啶 T HC
C O NH
O–
PHOSPHATE
C N H
N H
uracil
C
NHO
–O
uracil
C
O5
TOhe basOes are nitrogen-containing ring O