The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集
坎特伯雷故事集
The Canterbury TalesbyGEOFFREY CHAUCERA READER-FRIENDLY EDITIONPut into modern spellingbyMICHAEL MURPHYGENERAL PROLOGUE11 When April with its sweet showers has pierced the drought of March to the root and bathed every rootlet inthe liquid by which the flower is engendered; when the west wind also, with its sweet breath, has brought forth young shoots in every grove and field; when the early sun of spring has run half his course in the sign of Aries, and when small birds make melody, birds that sleep all night with eyes open, (as Nature inspires them to) --THEN people have a strong desire to go on pilgrimages, and pilgrims long to go to foreign shores to distant shrinesknown in various countries. And especially they go from every county in England to seek out the shrine of the holy blessed martyr who has helped them when they were sick.2 4: "By virtue (strength) of which the flower is engendered."3 8: The early sun of Spring has moved part way through the sign of Aries (the Ram) in the Zodiac.4 13-14: "Pilgrims seek foreign shores (to go) to distant shrines known in different lands." Palmers : pilgrims,from the palm-leaves they got in Jerusalem.GENERAL PROLOGUEThe opening is a long, elaborate sentence about the effects of Spring on the vegetable and animal world, and on people. The style of the rest of the Prologue and Tales is much simpler than this opening. A close paraphrase of the opening sentence is offered at the bottom of this page.1W hen that April with his showers sooteits showers sweet The drought of March hath pierc •d to the root And bath •d every vein in such liquorrootlet / liquidOf which virtúe engendered is the flower;2 5When Zephyrus eke with his sweet • breath West Wind also Inspir •d hath in every holt and heath grove & fieldThe tender cropp •s, and the young • sun young shoots / Spring sunHath in the Ram his half • course y-run,3 in Aries / has runAnd small • fowl •s maken melodylittle birds 10That sleepen all the night with open eye Who sleep (So pricketh them Natúre in their courág es), spurs / spirits Then longen folk to go on pilgrimáges, people long And palmers for to seeken strang • strands pilgrims / shoresTo fern • hallows couth in sundry lands,4 distant shrines known15And specially from every shir •'s end county'sOf Eng •land to Canterbury they wend goThe holy blissful martyr for to seek,St. Thomas Becket That them hath holpen when that they were sick. Who has helped them2CANTERBURY TALES1 45-6: "He loved everything that pertained to knighthood: truth (to one's word), honor, magnanimityAt the Tabard Inn, just south of London, the poet-pilgrim falls in with a group of twenty nine other pilgrims who have met each other along the way.Befell that in that season on a day It happened20In Southwark at The Tabard as I lay inn name / lodged Ready to wenden on my pilgrimage to go To Canterbury with full devout couráge, spirit, heart At night was come into that hostelry inn Well nine and twenty in a company fully 29 25Of sundry folk by áventure y-fall by chance fallen ...In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all ...Into company That toward Canterbury woulden ride. wished toThe chambers and the stables weren wide were roomy And well we weren eas •d at the best. entertained 30And shortly, when the sunn • was to rest, sun had setSo had I spoken with them every one That I was of their fellowship anon, And mad • forward early for to rise agreementTo take our way there as I you devise. I shall tell you35 But natheless, while I have time and space, nevertheless Ere that I further in this tal • pace, Before I go Methinketh it accordant to reason It seems to me To tell you all the conditïon circumstances Of each of them so as it seem •d me, to me 40And which they weren, and of what degree And who / social rank And eke in what array that they were in; also / dress And at a knight then will I first begin.The Knight is the person of highest social standing on the pilgrimage though you would never know it from his modest manner or his clothes. He keeps his ferocity for crusaders' battlefields where he has distinguished himself over many years and over a wide geographical area. As the text says, he is not "gay", that is, he is not showily dressed, but is still wearing the military padded coat stained by the armor he has only recently taken off. A KNIGHT there was and that a worthy manThat from the tim • that he first began 45To riden out, he lov •d chivalry,Truth and honóur, freedom and courtesy.1CANTERBURY TALES3(freedom ), courtesy."1 52-3: He had often occupied the seat of honor at the table of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, where badgesawarded to distinguished crusaders read "Honneur vainc tout: Honor conquers all." Though the campaigns listed below were real, and though it was perhaps just possible for one man to have been in them all, the list is probably idealized. The exact geographical locations are of little interest today. This portrait is generally thought to show a man of unsullied ideals; Jones (see Bibliography) insists that the knight was a mere mercenary.2 63: "In single combat (listes ) three times, and always (ay ) killed his opponent."3 64-67: The knight had fought for one Saracen or pagan leader against another, a common, if dubious,practice. And ever more ... may mean he always kept the highest reputation or that he always came away with a splendid reward or booty (prize)..Full worthy was he in his lord •'s war,lorde's = king's or God'sAnd thereto had he ridden--no man farre fartherAs well in Christendom as Heatheness heathendom50And ever honoured for his worthiness.His campaignsAt Alexandria he was when it was won. capturedFull often time he had the board begun tableAboven all • natïons in Prussia.1In Lithow had he reis •d and in Russia Lithuania / fought55No Christian man so oft of his degree. rankIn Gránad' at the siege eke had he be Granada / alsoOf Algesir and ridden in Belmarie. At Ley •s was he and at SatalieWhen they were won, and in the Great • Sea Mediterranean60At many a noble army had he be. At mortal battles had he been fifteenAnd foughten for our faith at Tramissene In list •s thric •, and ay slain his foe.2 combat 3 times & alwaysThis ilk • worthy knight had been also same65Sometim • with the lord of Palatie Against another heathen in Turkey,And ever more he had a sovereign prize,3alwaysHis modest demeanorAnd though that he was worthy he was wise, valiant / sensibleAnd of his port as meek as is a maid. deportment 70Ne never yet no villainy he saidrudenessCANTERBURY TALES4 1 70-71: Notice quadruple negative: "ne, never, no ... no" used for emphasis, perhaps deliberately excessiveemphasis. It is not bad grammar. The four negatives remain in Ellesmer's slightlly different version: "He never yet no villainy ne said ... unto no manner wight"2 74: "He (the Knight) was not fashionably dressed." horse was : most MSS read hors weere(n) = "horseswere." I have preferred the reading of MS Lansdowne.3 75-78: The poor state of the knight's clothes is generally interpreted to indicate his pious anxiety to fulfill areligious duty even before he has had a chance to change his clothes. Jones thinks it simply confirms that the knight was a mercenary who had pawned his armor. voyage : MSS have viage . Blessed viage was the term often used for the holy war of the crusades.479-80: A squire learned his future duties as a knight by attending on one. Bachelor is another word meaninga young man in training to be a knight.5 87: "And distinguished himself, considering the short time he had been at it."In all his life unto no manner wight.1 no kind of person He was a very perfect gentle knight. But for to tellen you of his array:His horse was good; but he was not gay.2 well dressed75Of fustian he wear •d a gipoun coarse cloth / tunic All besmotered with his habergeon, stained / mail For he was late y-come from his voyáge, just come / journeyAnd went • for to do his pilgrimáge.3The Knight's 20-year-old son is a striking contrast to his father. True, he has seen some military action, but it was to impress his lady not his Lord God. Unlike his parent, he is fashionably dressed.He is very much in love, he has cultivated all the social graces, and is also aware of his duty to serve as his father's squireWith him there was his son, a young • SQUIRE, 80A lover and a lusty bachelor 4With locks curled as they were laid in press.as if in curlers Of twenty years he was of age, I guess. Of his statúre he was of even length,moderate heightAnd wonderly deliver and of great strength, very athletic 85And he had been sometime in chivachy on campaign In Flanders, in Artois and Picardy,And borne him well as in so little space 5 conducted / timeIn hope to standen in his lady's grace. good gracesEmbroidered was he as it were a mead meadow90All full of fresh • flowers white and red.CANTERBURY TALES51 100: The table would be occupied at only one side, so when the Squire carved for his father, the Knight, hestood before him across the table.2 101: A servant of middle rank. This one looks after his master's forest land.3 104-114: Why a forester should be so heavily armed on a pilgrimage is not clear.Singing he was or fluting all the day. whistling? He was as fresh as is the month of May.Short was his gown with sleev •s long and wide.Well could he sit on horse and fair • ride.ride well95He could • song •s make and well endite, write words & music Joust and eke dance, and well portray and write.also / draw So hot he lov •d that by nightertale night(time) He slept no more than does a nightingale. Courteous he was, lowly and serviceable, 100 And carved before his father at the table.1Knight and Squire are accompanied by their Yeoman . He is noticeably over-armed for a pilgrimage, which indicates probably suspicion of the big city by a man more at home in the forest. A YEOMAN he had and servants no more 2 At that tim •, for him list • rid • so,it pleased him toAnd he was clad in coat and hood of green.A sheaf of peacock arrows bright and keen 105Under his belt he bore full thriftily.neatly Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly— care forHis arrows droop •d not with feathers low, And in his hand he bore a mighty bow.A not-head had he with a brown viságe. cropped head 110Of woodcraft could he well all the uságe. knew all the skills Upon his arm he bore a gay bracér elaborate armguardAnd by his side a sword and a bucklér shieldAnd on that other side a gay daggérfine, splendidHarnessed well and sharp as point of spear.3 Finely wrought 115A Christopher on his breast of silver sheen. St C. medal / brightA horn he bore, the baldrick was of green. cord A forester was he soothly as I guess.trulyThe Prioress is the head of a fashionable convent. She is a charming lady, none the less charming for her slight worldliness: she has a romantic name, Eglantine, wild rose; she has delicate tableCANTERBURY TALES6 1 120: The joke that presumably lurks in this line is not explained by the usual annotation that St. Eloy (orLoy or Eligius) was a patron saint of goldsmiths and of carters.2 123: Another joke presumably, but again not adequately explained.3 126: This is a snigger at the provincial quality of the lady's French, acquired in a London suburb, not inParis. Everything about the prioress is meant to suggest affected elegance of a kind not especially appropriate in a nun: her facial features, her manners, her jewelry, her French, her clothes, her name. Eglantine = "wild rose" or "sweet briar." Madame = "my lady."4 139-40: She took pains to imitate the manners of the (king's) court.manners and is exquisitely sensitive to animal rights; she speaks French -- after a fashion; she has a pretty face and knows it; her nun's habit is elegantly tailored, and she displays discreetly a little tasteful jewelry: a gold brooch on her rosary embossed with the nicely ambiguous Latin motto:Amor Vincit Omnia, Love conquers all.There was also a nun, a PRIORESS,head of a conventThat of her smiling was full simple and coy. modest120Her greatest oath was but by Saint Eloy,1 And she was clep •d Madame Eglantine. calledFull well she sang the servic • divine Entun •d in her nose full seem •ly.2And French she spoke full fair and fetisly nicely125After the school of Stratford at the Bow, For French of Paris was to her unknow.3 At meat • well y-taught was she withall: meals / indeedShe let no morsel from her lipp •s fall,Nor wet her fingers in her sauc • deep.130Well could she carry a morsel and well keep handle That no drop ne fell upon her breast. So thatIn courtesy was set full much her lest: v. much her interestHer over lipp • wip •d she so cleanupper lipThat in her cup there was no farthing seen small stain 135Of greas •, when she drunk •n had her draught. Full seem •ly after her meat she raught, reached for her food And sikerly she was of great desport certainly / charmAnd full pleasánt and amiable of port, behaviorAnd pain •d her to counterfeit • cheer imitate the manners140Of court,4 and be estately of mannér,And to be holden digne of reverence.thought worthyCANTERBURY TALES71 161-2: The gold brooch on her rosary had a capital "A" with a crown above it, and a Latin motto meaning"Love conquers all," a phrase appropriate to both sacred and secular love. It occurs in a French poem thatChaucer knew well, The Romance of the Rose (21327-32), where Courteoisie quotes it from Virgil's Eclogue X,69, to justify the plucking of the Rose by the Lover, a decidedly secular, indeed sexual, act of "Amor".2 164: The Prioress's traveling companion is called, confusingly, her chaplain. The priests are employees ofthe Prioress's well-to-do convent. Even in a market flooded with priests, bringing three along on the pilgrimage would be a display of celibate feminism and of conspicuous consumption as marked as the Prioress's jewelry and her choice of dog food. However, many scholars think that the words "and priests three" were inserted by a scribe.She is very sensitiveBut for to speaken of her conscïence: sensitivity She was so charitable and so pitóus moved to pityShe would • weep if that she saw a mouse 145Caught in a trap, if it were dead or bled. Of small • hound •s had she that she fedWith roasted flesh or milk and wastel bread, fine bread But sore wept she if one of them were dead Or if men smote it with a yard •, smart; a stick smartly150 And all was conscïence and tender heart.Her personal appearance Full seem •ly her wimple pinch •d was, headdress pleated Her nose tretis, her eyen grey as glass,handsome / eyesHer mouth full small and thereto soft and red,and alsoBut sikerly she had a fair forehead. certainly155It was almost a spann • broad, I trow, handsbreadth / I guess For hardily she was not undergrow. certainly / short? thin?Full fetis was her cloak as I was 'ware. elegant / aware Of small coral about her arm she bare bore, carriedA pair of beads gauded all with green,A rosary decorated160And thereon hung a brooch of gold full sheen shiningOn which was written first a crown •d A And after: Amor Vincit Omnia.1 Love Conquers AllHer traveling companions Another Nunn • with her hadd • shenunThat was her chap •lain, and priest •s three.2companionCANTERBURY TALES8Three priests would make the number of pilgrims 31 not 29, and only one is heard from again, in the Nun's Priests Tale.1 166: venery : both "hunting" and the work of Venus, goddess of love. This description of the Monk islarded with sexual innuendo.2 172: The lordly monk is in charge of an annex (cell ) of the monastery.Another member of the church is the Monk who, like the Prioress, is supposed to stay in his monastery but who, like her, finds an excuse to get away from it, something he does a lot. He has long since lost any of the monastic ideals he may have set out with, and he now prefers travel, good clothes, good food, good hunting with well-equipped horses, in place of the poverty, study and manual labor prescribed by his monastic rule. He may not be a bad man, but he is not a good monk.165A MONK there was, a fair for the mastery, a very fine fellow An outrider that lov •d venery.1 horseman / huntingA manly man to be an abbot able,Full many a dainty horse had he in stable,And when he rode, men might his bridle hear 170Jingle in a whistling wind as clearAnd eke as loud as does the chapel bell And also There as this lord is keeper of the cell.2 Where / annex The rule of Saint Maur or of Saint Bennett [monastic] ruleBecause that it was old and somedeal strait somewhat strict 175This ilk • monk let old • thing •s pass This same / go And held after the new • world the space. modern ways nowHe gave not of that text a pull •d hen plucked That says that hunters be not holy menNor that a monk, when he is reckless, careless of rules 180Is likened to a fish that's waterless,That is to say, a monk out of his cloister. monasteryBut thilk • text held he not worth an oyster.this saying he thoughtThe poet pretends to agree with his lax viewsAnd I said his opinïon was good;I = narratorWhat! Should he study and make himselfen wood himself mad 185Upon a book in cloister always to pore? Or swinken with his hand •s and labóuror workAs Austin bids? How shall the world be served?St AugustineCANTERBURY TALES91 188: "Let Augustine keep his work." An unbecoming way for a monk to speak of the great saint whose rule,like that of St. Maurus and St. Benedict (Maur and Bennett, 173) prescribed study and physical labor for monks.Let Austin have his swink to him reserved.1His taste in sport and clothes Therefore he was a prickasour aright.hunter, for sure 190Greyhounds he had as swift as fowl in flight. Of pricking and of hunting for the hare tracking Was all his lust, for no cost would he spare. his passion I saw his sleev •s purfled at the hand edged at the wristWith gris, and that the finest of the land, fur 195And for to fasten his hood under his chinHe had of gold y-wrought a full curious pin — very elaborateA love knot on the greater end there was.His physical appearance His head was bald, that shone as any glassAnd eke his face, as he had been anoint. also / as if oiled 200He was a lord full fat and in good point, in good health His eyen steep and rolling in his head eyes prominent That steam •d as a furnace of a lead,lead furnace His boots supple, his horse in great estate. in great shapeNow certainly he was a fair prelate. a fine cleric205He was not pale as is a forpined ghost. torturedA fat swan loved he best of any roast.His palfrey was as brown as any berry.horseThe Friar , another cleric, is even less a man of God than the Monk. A member of a mendicant order of men who lived on what they could get by begging, he has become a professional fund-raiser, the best in his friary because of some special skills: personal charm, a good singing voice,an attractive little lisp, a talent for mending quarrels and having the right little gift for the ladies,and a forgiving way in the confessional especially when he expects a generous donation. He can find good economic reasons to cultivate the company of the rich rather than the poor.A FRIAR there was, a wanton and a merry,livelyCANTERBURY TALES10 1 208-9: A Friar (Fr. frère ) was a member of one of four religious orders of men. Some were "mendicants,"who depended on what they could get by begging. Our friar, a limiter , has a begging district within which he must stay. "Solempne" cannot mean solemn except as heavy irony. See l. 2742 212-13: He had provided dowries for many young women, or he had performed the marriage ceremonieswithout a fee.3 218-220: Sometimes the pope or bishop would reserve to himself or to a special delegate (licenciate) theright to hear the confessions of prominent public sinners, guilty of particularly heinous offences. This would have no relevance to the ordinary confession-goer, for whom the Friar had no more "power of confession" than the curate or parson .4 227-8: "For if he (the penitent) gave (an offering), he (the Friar) would dare to say that he knew the manwas truly repentant."A limiter, a full solémpn • man.1licensed beggar / v. impressive210In all the orders four is none that can knowsSo much of dalliance and fair language. smooth mannersHe had made full many a marrïage Of young • women at his own • cost.2Unto his order he was a noble post. pillar 215Full well beloved and familiar was he With franklins over all in his country, landowners And eke with worthy women of the town, And also For he had power of confessïon,As said himself, more than a curate, parish priest220For of his order he was licentiate.3licensedHis manner in the confessionalFull sweet •ly heard he confessïon And pleasant was his absolutïon. He was an easy man to give penánceThere as he wist to have a good pittánce, expected / offering225For unto a poor order for to give Is sign • that a man is well y-shrive, confessed For if he gave, he durst • make avaunt dared / boastHe wist • that a man was répentaunt,4 knewFor many a man so hard is of his heart, 230He may not weep though that he sor • smart.it hurt him sharplyTherefore, instead of weeping and [of] prayers Men may give silver to the poor • freres. friarsCANTERBURY TALES111 241-2: "Tapster, beggester": the "-ster" ending signified, strictly, a female. It survives (barely) in "spinster."2 251: The meaning of virtuous ("obliging? effective"?) would seem to depend on whether one takes 251 withthe preceding or the following line.3 252a: He had paid a certain fee (farm') for the monopoly (grant ) of begging in his district (`haunt'). Thecouplet 252 a-b occurs only in MS Hengwrt of the Six Text .4 256: His income from the begging was much larger than his outlay for the monopoly.His largess, his talents, and the company he cultivatedHis tipet was ay fars •d full of knives hood was always packedAnd pinn •s for to given fair • wives.pretty235And certainly he had a merry note— Well could he sing and playen on a rote. stringed instrumentOf yeddings he bore utterly the prize. ballad songsHis neck was white as is the fleur de lys; lilyThereto he strong was as a champion. But also / fighter 240He knew the taverns well in every town And every hosteler and tappester innkeeper & barmaid Bet than a lazar or a beggester,1 Better / leper or beggarFor unto such a worthy man as heAccorded not as by his facultyDidn't suit his rank245To have with sick • lazars ácquaintance. lepersIt is not honest, it may not advance proper / profit For to dealen with no such poraille, poor peopleBut all with rich and sellers of vitaille. foodAnd overall there as profit should arise, everywhere that 250Courteous he was and lowly of service;humbly usefulHis begging manner was so smooth he could, if necessary, extract money from the poorest There was no man nowhere so virtuous.2He was the best • beggar in his house 252a And gave a certain farm • for the grant.3252bNone of his brethren came there in his haunt. district For though a widow hadde not a shoe,So pleasant was his "In Principio"his blessing 255Yet he would have a farthing ere he went. 1/4 of a pennyHis purchase was well better than his rent.4CANTERBURY TALES12 1 259: cloisterer : probably a "real" friar who stayed largely within his cloister, satisfied with poor clothesaccording to his vow of poverty.2 261: master : possibly Master of Arts, a rather more eminent degree than it is now, though hardly making itsholder as exalted as the pope.3 271: (dressed in) motley : probably not the loud mixed colors of the jester, but possibly tweed.4 276-7: "He wished above all that the stretch of sea between Middleburgh (in Flanders) and Orwell (inEngland) were guarded (kept ) against pirates."5 278: He knew the intricacies of foreign exchange. Scholars have charged the Merchant with goldsmuggling or even coin clipping; but although shields were units of money, they were neither gold nor coins.And he had other talents and attractionsAnd rage he could as it were right a whelp. frolic like a puppyIn lov •days there could he muchel help, mediation days For there he was not like a cloisterer 1 260With a threadbare cope as is a poor • scholar, cloak But he was like a master or a pope.2 Of double worsted was his semi-cope, short cloak And rounded as a bell out of the press. the moldSomewhat he lisp •d for his wantonness affectation265To make his English sweet upon his tongue, And in his harping when that he had sung, His eyen twinkled in his head aright eyes As do the starr •s in the frosty night. stars This worthy limiter was clept Huberd. was calledThe Merchant is apparently a prosperous exporter who likes to TALK of his prosperity; he is concerned about pirates and profits, skillful in managing exchange rates, but tightlipped aboutbusiness details.270A MERCHANT was there with a fork •d beard, In motley,3 and high on horse he sat, Upon his head a Flandrish beaver hat, from FlandersHis boots clasp •d fair and fetisly. neatlyHis reasons he spoke full solémpn •ly,solemnly 275Sounding always the increase of his winning. profits He would the sea were kept for anything he wishedBetwixt Middleburgh and Or •well.4Well could he in Exchang • shield •s sell.5currencyCANTERBURY TALES131 285-6: He had long since set out to study logic, part of the trivium or lower section of the university syllabus(the other two parts were rhetoric and grammar); hence his early college years had long since passed. y-go (gone)is the past participle of "go."2 298: A joke. Although he was a student of philosophy, he had not discovered the "philosopher's stone,"which was supposed to turn base metals into gold. The two senses of "philosopher" played on here are: a) student of the work of Aristotle b) student of science ("natural philosophy"), a meaning which shaded off into "alchemist,magician."This worthy man full well his wit beset — used his brains280There wist • no wight that he was in debt, no person knew So stately was he of his governance management With his bargains and with his chevissance. money dealings Forsooth he was a worthy man withal, Truly / indeed But sooth to say, I n'ot how men him call. truth I don't knowThe Clerk is the first admirable church member we meet on the pilgrimage. "Clerk" meant a number of related things: a cleric, a student, a scholar. This clerk is all three, devoted to the love of learning and of God, the quintessential scholar, who would rather buy a book than a coat or a good meal, totally unworldly . 285 A CLERK there was of Oxenford also Oxford That unto logic hadd • long y-go.1 gone As lean • was his horse as is a rake, And he was not right fat, I undertake, he=the Clerk But look •d hollow, and thereto soberly. gaunt & also 290Full threadbare was his overest courtepy, outer cloak For he had gotten him yet no benefice parish Nor was so worldly for to have office, secular job For him was lever have at his bed's head For he would rather Twenty book •s clad in black or red bound 295Of Aristotle and his philosophy Than rob •s rich or fiddle or gay psalt'ry. stringed instrument But albeit that he was a philosopher, althoughYet hadd • he but little gold in coffer,2chest But all that he might of his friend •s hent get 300On book •s and on learning he it spent, And busily gan for the soul •s pray regulary prayed for Of them that gave him wherewith to scholay. study Of study took he most care and most heed. Not one word spoke he mor • than was need,。
The_Canterbury_Tales剖析.
Tale • The Canon's Yeoman‘s Prologue
and Tale • The Manciple's Prologue and Tale • The Parson's Prologue and Tale • Chaucer's Retraction
信徒来自全国东西南北，
• 田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿；
众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷，
• 碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日， 去朝谢医病救世的恩主，
• 青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。 以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒。
• 小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，
• 迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡——
• 那是个初夏方临的日子， • 我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息； • 怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心， • 我准备翌日出发去朝圣。 • 黄昏前后华灯初上时分， • 旅店院里涌入很多客人； • 二十九人来自各行各业， • 不期而遇都到旅店过夜。
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
Position in British literature
1) “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England. 2) Forerunner of humanism. 3) The first realistic writer. 4) Master of the English language.
Pilgrims on their way to Canterbury
• 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，
美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦，
• 送走了土壤干裂的三月，
No.2 坎特伯雷故事集简介(英语)
A Brief Introduction to Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales, mostly written in verse(韵文), although some in prose （散文）, are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. In a long list of works, including Troilus and Criseyde, House of Fame, Parliament of Fowls, The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer's magnum opus(力作). He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Structurally, the collection bears the influence of The Decameron（意大利小说家薄伽丘的作品《十日谈》）, which Chaucer is said to have come across during his first diplomatic mission to Italy in 1372. However, Chaucer describes his tales with “sundry（各种各样的） folk”, rather than fleeing nobles（离家出走的贵族）.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第4版)配套题库-章节题库-第1、2、3单元【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1单元杰弗里·乔叟Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general prologue and only _____ tales, of which two are left unfinished.【答案】24【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》计划写120个故事，但最后只完成总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。
2. The Canterbury T ales contains the _____ and 24 tales, two of which left unfinished. 【答案】General Prologue【解析】乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》包括总序和24个故事，其中两个未完成。
3. Chaucer employed the _____ couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.【答案】heroic【解析】乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事集》中使用了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）4. The _____ provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury T ales, and itcomprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.【答案】Prologue【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》的序言部分提供整本书的基本框架，生动地刻画了一群各种各样的中世纪人物画卷。
5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of _____, we may see a very vividsketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.【答案】the Wife of Bath【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。
the canterbury tales---Elaine
It is sometimes argued that the greatest contribution that this work made to English literature was in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular本地话, English, rather than French or Latin.
The Pilgrimage
• Started at Southwark, London
– Many different pilgrimage routes started here
• 55 miles of dangerous, mudmage season began in April with the return of spring
Chaucer’s Pilgrims
• 29 pilgrims including Chaucer himself – The Poet-Pilgrim – Represent the strata阶层 of medieval society • Started from the Tabard Inn in Southwark • Agree to pass the time with a storytelling competition suggested by their host, Harry Bailey, owner of the Tabard
the Nun's Priest's Tale
• Cock Chantecleer and the Fox 公鸡羌得克立和狐狸 • Chantecleer Pertelot
• Fox
Geoffrey Chaucer坎特伯雷故事集
Cultural context
• • 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： ①法国影响时期（1359～1372）:Translation and imitation of France literature such as《The Book of the Duchess 》(悼公爵夫人(1369)). Translated long poem of France Middle Age 《Roman de la Rose》 (玫瑰传奇) in London dialect. ②意大利影响时期（1372～1386）:Chaucer contacted with bourgeoisie humanism. 《The Parliament of Fowles》(百鸟会议)、 《 Troilus and Criseyde》(特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德 (c. 1385) ) 、《The Legend of Good Women》(好女人的故事)，all of them are the reflection of humanism. ③成熟时期（1386～1400）: Chaucer created《 The Canterbury Tales 》in his last 15 years. He initiated the Heroic Couplet. He was honoured as “the Father of English poetry”
.
• The knight: • perfect and genteel man who loved truth, freedom, chivalry and honor. The most socially prominent person on the journey; the battles he fought were all religious wars of some nature.
坎特伯雷故事集
坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）是一部詩體短篇小說集，作者是英國詩人喬叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）。
故事敘說有29名朝聖者（pilgrims）聚集在倫敦一家客店，整裝前往70英裡外的坎特伯雷（Canterbury）。
店主哈里‧貝利自告奮勇擔任導遊，並在晚飯後提議在往返途中每人各講兩個故事，以解五天旅途中的無聊寂寞，看誰的故事講得最好，可以免費吃一餐好飯。
這些朝聖者，有騎士、僧侶、侍從、商人、匠人、紡織匠、醫生、地主、農夫、海員、家庭主婦等，代表了廣泛的社會階層。
他們講述的內容，主要包括愛情和騎士探險傳奇、宗教和道德故事、滑稽故事、動物寓言等24個故事，大多數的故事都是用雙韻詩體寫成的，喬叟自己講了《梅裡白的故事》則是散文體，廚師和見習騎士沒有講完故事，其中商人、農民、修女，巴斯婦人，以及賣贖罪券者的故事最為精彩，是本書的精華，基本上《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部未完成的作品。
《坎特伯雷故事集》深受薄伽丘（Giovanni Boccaccio）的《十日談》(Decameron)的影響，是公認英國印刷史上的第一本書。
喬叟因此被視為英國詩歌的奠基人。
【内容介绍】乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》不是第一本短篇小说集，甚至让一群人中每人讲一个故事这种形式也不是什么新主意。
在卜伽丘的《十日谈》中就有十个人，为了躲避1348年在佛罗伦萨肆虐的温疫逃到城郊的庄园。
他们就是通过讲故事来消磨时间的。
《坎特伯雷故事集》中也有一群人，每个人讲述一个故事。
我们不仅对故事本身感兴趣，而且对讲述故事的人也感兴趣。
他们中的每个人都是真实的。
乔叟在引言中把他们一一作了介绍。
然后，我们又在故事中与他们相识。
很快，我们就觉得对他们每个人都有所了解。
乔叟(约1343—1400) 英国诗人。
伦敦酒商的儿子。
十几岁起进入宫廷当差。
1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久赎回。
乔叟与宫廷往来密切，当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特郡的治安法官、郡下议院议员。
The Canterbury Tales
乔叟的思想
在乔叟的心目中，真诚既是他的道德准则， 也是他的艺术标准， 因为他确信：真诚乃是人所能保持的最高尚 的情操。正是真诚，作为 乔叟寓教于乐的现实主义艺术的灵魂，赋予 诗人笔下的14世纪英国社 会形形色色的人物以超越国界的特征，使他 的作品格外平易近人，数 百年来在全世界一直引起广大读者的共鸣。
写作特点
乔叟视野广阔，观察深刻，善于以带有幽默感的笔 调表现丰富多 彩的题材，体裁与风格，反映因人而异的生活理想， 并往往借助对人 生哲理严肃而宽容的探讨，引导人们认识自身的弱 点，追求高尚的精 神境界。乔叟的杰作《坎特伯雷故事》对后世影响 深远，从莎士比亚 到狄更斯，无不继承并发扬了乔叟所开创的现实主 义传统。
评价
乔叟后期以十音节双韵诗体写成的杰作《坎 特伯雷故事》乃是他 整个创作生涯中的最高成就。这部现实主义 的人生喜剧，虽然并未按 原定计划完成全稿，但就已完成的诗章而言， 不仅是成熟的鸿篇巨制 与出色的艺术结晶，而且是西方中世纪与文 艺复兴时期独一无二的故》的艺术成就很高，远远超过了 以前同时代的英国文学作品，是英国文学史上现实 主义的第一部典范。作品将幽默和讽刺结合，喜剧 色彩浓厚，其中大多数故事用双韵诗体写成，对后 来的英国文学产生了影响。人物形象鲜明，语言生 动活泼。乔叟用富有生命力的伦敦方言进行创作， 也为英国文学语言奠定了基础。他首创的英雄双韵 体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，因而乔叟被誉为 “英国诗歌之父”。
故事概要二
这二十九位朝圣者来自英国社会的不同阶层，个性 各异，诗人在长达858行的“总引”中一一进行了生动细致的刻画：或 温柔如少女，或唯利是图，或欺诈成性，或为宫廷式爱情的化身。在 长达二千三百五十余行的故事前后引子与类型各不相同的二十四篇故 事中，巴思妇人的开场白与故事最富于战斗性与现实性，这个为妇女 的社会地位问题而大声疾呼的人物竟在中世纪慷慨陈词，提出男婚女 嫁应该自由自主、他人不得干涉的主张，委实令人惊叹。卖赎罪券教 士的无耻自白同样发人深省，这个灵魂堕落到不可救药的地步的教士， 按其宗教职责本该劝人认罪而改恶从善以求重蒙神恩，却公然招摇撞 骗，谈起自己的罪恶来又居然毫无愧色，诗人对这种无赖相的大胆揭 露无疑是对黑幕重重的教会的辛辣讽刺。
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读杰弗雷·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）（1343-1400）被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，其主要的作品《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）是一部诗体短篇小说集，对英国文学发展贡献巨大。
这部小说集由21个独立的故事和其它几个不完整的片段故事组成。
这些故事包罗万象，雅俗共赏，其中“磨坊主的故事”（“The Miller’s Tale”）最为评论界津津乐道。
这个故事有悖传统故事的结局和“惩善扬恶”的道德观耐人寻味。
本文主要对故事里投射的道德观进行解读，并力图揭示背后作者的别有用心。
“磨坊主的故事”是乔叟的短篇小说集《坎特伯雷故事集》里最为精彩的一个故事。
顾名思义，这个故事是一个磨坊主讲述的。
在这之前，一位骑士讲述了一个故事，按照游戏规则，将由另一个人接着讲述一个故事来回敬，喝得酩酊大醉的磨坊主自告奋勇，讲了一个木匠的美丽妻子和房客书生以及牧师勾搭鬼混的粗鄙淫猥的故事。
在“磨坊主的故事”里，出场的人物分别是：富有的木匠约翰和他容貌倾城的年轻妻子阿丽森、木匠家里研读星象的房客书生尼古拉以及牧师阿伯沙龙。
一般传统故事里，人物的下场或结局都是各得其所。
这个故事里的人物也算是各得其所，除了木匠的妻子阿丽森。
无知善妒的木匠约翰下场最为悲惨，他不仅被戴了绿帽，断了一只手，而且全镇子的人都说他是疯子；亵渎神职的牧师阿伯沙龙极尽谄媚勾搭阿丽森，最后却只从阿丽森那里得到了一个下流的“吻”；而背着木匠与其妻子偷情的穷书生尼古拉因为朝着阿伯沙龙的脸放屁最后被阿伯沙龙用烧红的烙铁狠狠地烫了屁股。
但是作者乔叟对故事里各位人物的惩罚是有失公允的。
故事里其他三位男性悲催的下场皆因阿丽森而起，然而事主阿丽森却逍遥法外，毫发无伤。
她和书生偷情背叛丈夫却没有受到任何惩罚，然而被她欺骗愚弄的老实巴交的丈夫却是最倒霉的，正是因为她的狡诈和诡计多端让她逃过一劫。
坎特伯雷故事集（英文版）
坎特伯雷故事集（英文版）The Canterbury Talesby Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400)The General PrologueHere begins the Book of the Tales of Canterbury When April with his showers sweet with fruit The drought of March has pierced unto the root And bathed each vein with liquor that has power To generate therein and sire the flower; When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath, Quickened again, in every holt and heath, The tender shoots and buds, and the young sun Into the Ram one half his course has run, And many little birds make melodyThat sleep through all the night with open eye (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)- Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage, And palmers to go seeking out strange strands, To distant shrines well known in sundry lands. And specially from every shire's endOf England they to Canterbury wend,The holy blessed martyr there to seek Who help ed them when they lay so ill and weal Befell that, in that season, on a day In Southwark, at the Tabard, as I lay Ready to start upon my pilgrimageTo Canterbury, full of devout homage, There came at nightfall to that hostelry Some nine and twenty in a company Of sundry persons who had chanced to fall In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all That toward Canterbury town would ride. The rooms and stables spacious were and wide, And well we there were eased, and of the best. And briefly, when the sun hadgone to rest, So had I spoken with them, every one, That I was of their fellowship anon,And made agreement that we'd early rise To take the road, as you I will apprise.1/38页But none the less, whilst I have time and space, Before yet farther in this tale I pace, It seems to me accordant with reason To inform you of the state of every one Of all of these, as it appeared to me, And who they were, and what was their degree, And even how arrayed there at the inn; And with a knight thus will I first begin. THE KNIGHTA knight there was, and he a worthy man, Who, from the moment that he first began To ride about the world, loved chivalry, Truth, honour, freedom and all courtesy. Full worthy was he in his liege-lord's war, And therein had he ridden (none more far) As well in Christendom as heathenesse, And honoured everywhere for worthiness. At Alexandria, he, when it was won; Full oft the table's roster he'd begun Above all nations' knights in Prussia. In Latvia raided he, and Russia,No christened man so oft of his degree. In far Granada at the siege was he Of Algeciras, and in Belmarie.At Ayas was he and at SatalyeWhen they were won; and on the Middle Sea At many a noble meeting chanced to be. Of mortal battles he had fought fifteen, And he'd fought for our faith at Tramissene Three times in lists, and each time slain his foe. This self-same worthy knight had been also At one time with the lord of Palatye Against another heathen in Turkey: And always won he sovereign fame for prize. Though so illustrious, he was very wise And bore himself as meekly as a maid. He never yet had any vileness said,In all his life, to whatsoever wight. He was a truly perfect, gentle knight. But now, to tell you all of his array, His steeds were good, but yet he was not gay. Of simple fustian wore he a jupon Sadly discoloured by his habergeon;2/38页For he had lately come from his voyage And now was going on this pilgrimage. THE SQUIREWith him there was his son, a youthful squire, A lover and a lusty bachelor,With locks well curled, as if they'd laid in press. Some twenty years of age he was, I guess. In stature he was of an average length, Wondrously active, aye, and great of strength. He'd ridden sometime with the cavalry In Flanders, in Artois, and Picardy, And borne him well within that little space In hope to win thereby his lady's grace. Prinked out he was, as if he were a mead, All full of fresh-cut flowers white and red. Singing he was, or fluting, all the day; He was as fresh as is the month of May. Short was his gown, with sleeves both long and wide. Well could be sit on horse, and fairly ride. He could make songs and words thereto indite, Joust, and dance too, as well as sketch and write. So hot he loved that, while night told her tale, He slept no more than does a nightingale. Courteous he, and humble, willing and able, And carved before his father at the table. THE YEOMANA yeoman had he, nor more servants, no, At that time, for he chose to travel so; And he was clad in coat and hood of green. A sheaf of peacock arrows bright and keen Under his belt he bore right carefully (Well could he keep his tackle yeomanly: His arrows had no draggled feathers low), And in his hand he bore a mighty bow. A cropped head had he and a sun-browned face. Of woodcraft knew he all the useful ways. Upon his arm he bore abracer gay,And at one side a sword and buckler, yea, And at the other side a dagger bright, Well sheathed and sharp as spear point in the light; On breast a Christopher of silver sheen. He bore a horn in baldric all of green; A forester he truly was, I guess.3/38页THE PRIORESSThere was also a nun, a prioress,Who, in her smiling, modest was and coy; Her greatest oath was but 'By Saint Eloy!' And she was known as Madam Eglantine. Full well she sang the services divine, Intoning through her nose, becomingly; And fair she spoke her French, and fluently, After the school of Stratford-at-the-Bow, For French of Paris was not hers to know. At table she had been well taught withal, And never from her lips let morsels fall, Nor dipped her fingers deep in sauce, but ate With so much care the food upon her plate That never driblet fell upon her breast. In courtesy she had delight and zest. Her upper lip was always wiped so clean That in her cup was no iota seenOf grease, when she had drunk her draught of wine. Becomingly she reached for meat to dine. And certainly delighting in good sport, She was right pleasant, amiable- in short. She was at pains to counterfeit the look Of courtliness, and stately manners took, And would be held worthy of reverence. But, to say something of her moral sense, She was so charitable and piteousThat she would weep if she but saw a mouse Caught in a trap, though it were dead or bled. She had some little dogs, too, that she fed On roasted flesh, or milk and fine white bread. But sore she'd weep if one of them were dead, Or if men smote it with arod to smart: For pity ruled her, and her tender heart. Right decorous her pleated wimple was; Her nose was fine; her eyes were blue as glass; Her mouth was small and therewith soft and red; But certainly she had a fair forehead; It was almost a full span broad, I own, For, truth to tell, she was not undergrown. Neat was her cloak, as I was well aware. Of coral small about her arm she'd bear A string of beads and gauded all with green; And therefrom hung a brooch of golden sheen4/38页Whereon there was first written a crowned 'A,' And under, Amor vincit omnia.THE NUNAnother little nun with her had she,THE THREE PRIESTSWho was her chaplain; and of priests she'd three. THE MONKA monk there was, one made for mastery, An outrider, who loved his venery;A manly man, to be an abbot able.Full many a blooded horse had he in stable: And when he rode men might his bridle hear A-jingling in the whistling wind as clear, Aye, and as loud as does the chapel bell Where this brave monk was of the cell. The rule of Maurus or Saint Benedict, By reason it was old and somewhat strict, This said monk let such old things slowly pace And followed new-world manners in their place. He cared not for that text a clean-plucked hen Which holds that hunters are not holy men; Nor that a monk, when he is cloisterless, Is like unto a fish that's waterless; That is to say, a monk out of his cloister. But this same text he held not worth an oyster; And I said his opinion was right good. What? Should he study as a madman would Upon a book in cloister cell? Or yetGo labour with his hands and swink and sweat, As Austin bids? How shall the world be served? Let Austin have his toil to him reserved. Therefore he was a rider day and night; Greyhounds he had, as swift as bird in flight. Since riding and the hunting of the hare Were all his love, for no cost would he spare. I saw his sleeves were purfled at the hand With fur of grey, the finest in the land; Also, to fasten hood beneath his chin, He had of good wrought gold a curious pin: A love-knot in the larger end there was. His head was bald and shone like any glass, And smooth as one anointed was his face.5/38页。
The-Canterbury-Tales-坎特伯雷故事集
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✓ The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s Masterpiece and one of the
monumental （纪念碑）works in English literature. ✓ It is one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest work
✓ As a forerunner （先驱）of humanism, he praises man’s energy,
intellect, quick wit and love of life
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原创力文档是网络服务平台方坎特伯雷故事集
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✓ vivid portrayal（描绘） of individualized characters of the society and of all
✓ shows a growing sense of self-importance （自负）of the trades and towns
people, reflecting the changing social status, esp. in towns and cities.
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professions and social strata except the highest and the lowest
✓ shows respect for the two landed gentry（贵族们）, the plowman（农夫） and the parson（牧师）;
坎特伯雷故事集的特点
坎特伯雷故事集的特点
坎特伯雷故事集（The Canterbury Tales）是中世纪英国作家乔
叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）创作的一部杰出文学作品。
它被认为是英
国文学史上最重要、最具影响力的作品之一。
下面是该作品的特点：
1.群体叙事：坎特伯雷故事集以一个由29名不同社会阶层的旅
行者组成的朝圣团为故事的核心。
每个角色都代表了不同的社会
群体，包括骑士、神父、酒鬼、乞丐等。
通过这些角色的对话和
互动，作品展示了英国社会的多样性和阶级差异。
2.多样的故事题材：坎特伯雷故事集由24个故事组成，每个故
事都由一个角色讲述。
故事题材涵盖了爱情、冒险、道德、宗教、幽默等各种不同领域。
这些故事具有独特的情节、丰富的人物刻
画和引人入胜的对话，既揭示了人性的各个方面，又反映了中世
纪英国社会的现实问题。
3.自我意识和反思：坎特伯雷故事集在其叙事结构中融入了自
我意识和反思的元素。
通过角色对故事的评论和讨论，作品既展
示了人们对道德、社会和宗教问题的思考，同时也突出了作家对
当时社会现实的批判和讽刺。
4.语言的多样性：坎特伯雷故事集是中世纪英国文学的重要作
品之一，它运用了丰富多样的语言形式和风格。
作品中使用了中
世纪英语的多种方言和语境，既展示了当时社会各个阶层的语言
特点，又丰富了故事的表达和情感的传达。
坎特伯雷故事集以其多样的题材、丰富的人物形象、反思性的
叙事结构和多样的语言风格，展示了中世纪英国社会的多样性和
复杂性。
它对于英国文学的发展和社会历史的研究都具有重要的
价值。
乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集 序》(中世纪英语)
乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集序一》（中世纪英语）(2010-03-06 15:25:43)转载▼分类：英语学习、英语文学研究标签：中世纪英国乔叟坎特伯雷故事文化The Canterbury Tales : PrologueHere bygynneth the Book1: Whan that aprill with his shoures soote2: The droghte of march hath perced to the roote,3: And bathed every veyne in swich licour4: Of which vertu engendred is the flour;5: Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth6: Inspired hath in every holt and heeth7: Tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne8: Hath in the ram his halve cours yronne,9: And smale foweles maken melodye,10: That slepen al the nyght with open ye11: (so priketh hem nature in hir corages);12: Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages,13: And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,14: To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;15: And specially from every shires ende16: Of engelond to caunterbury they wende,17: The hooly blisful martir for to seke,18: That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.19: Bifil that in that seson on a day,20: In southwerk at the tabard as I lay21: Redy to wenden on my pilgrymage22: To caunterbury with ful devout corage,23: At nyght was come into that hostelrye24: Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye,25: Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle26: In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle, 27: That toward caunterbury wolden ryde.28: The chambres and the stables weren wyde, 29: And wel we weren esed atte beste.30: And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste, 31: So hadde I spoken with hem everichon 32: That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,33: And made forward erly for to ryse,34: To take oure wey ther as I yow devyse. 35: But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space, 36: Er that I ferther in this tale pace,37: Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun38: To telle yow al the condicioun39: Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,40: And whiche they weren, and of what degree, 41: And eek in what array that they were inne; 42: And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne. The Knight's Portrait43: A knyght ther was, and that a worthy man, 44: That fro the tyme that he first bigan45: To riden out, he loved chivalrie,46: Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie. 47: Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,48: And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre, 49: As wel in cristendom as in hethenesse, 50: And evere honoured for his worthynesse. 51: At alisaundre he was whan it was wonne. 52: Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne 53: Aboven alle nacions in pruce;54: In lettow hadde he reysed and in ruce,55: No cristen man so ofte of his degree.56: In gernade at the seege eek hadde he be 57: Of algezir, and riden in belmarye.58: At lyeys was he and at satalye,59: Whan they were wonne; and in the grete see 60: At many a noble armee hadde he be.61: At mortal batailles hadde he been fiftene, 62: And foughten for oure feith at tramyssene 63: In lystes thries, and ay slayn his foo.64: This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also 65: Somtyme with the lord of palatye66: Agayn another hethen in turkye.67: And everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys;68: And though that he were worthy, he was wys, 69: And of his port as meeke as is a mayde.70: He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde71: In al his lyf unto no maner wight.72: He was a verray, parfit gentil knyght.73: But, for to tellen yow of his array,74: His hors were goode, but he was nat gay.75: Of fustian he wered a gypon76: Al bismotered with his habergeon,77: For he was late ycome from his viage,78: And wente for to doon his pilgrymage.The Squire's Portrait79: With hym ther was his sone, a yong squier,80: A lovyere and a lusty bacheler,81: With lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse. 82: Of twenty yeer of age he was, I gesse.83: Of his stature he was of evene lengthe,84: And wonderly delyvere, and of greet strengthe. 85: And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie86: In flaundres, in artoys, and pycardie,87: And born hym weel, as of so litel space,88: In hope to stonden in his lady grace.89: Embrouded was he, as it were a meede90: Al ful of fresshe floures, whyte and reede.91: Syngynge he was, or floytynge, al the day;92: He was as fressh as is the month of may.93: Short was his gowne, with sleves longe and wyde. 94: Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde.95: He koude songes make and wel endite,96: Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write. 97: So hoote he lovede that by nyghtertale.98: He sleep namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale. 99: Curteis he was, lowely, and servysable,100: And carf biforn his fader at the table.The Yeoman's Portrait101: A yeman hadde he and servantz namo102: At that tyme, for hym liste ride so,103: And he was clad in cote and hood of grene. 104: A sheef of pecok arwes, bright and kene,105: Under his belt he bar ful thriftily,106: (wel koude he dresse his takel yemanly:107: His arwes drouped noght with fetheres lowe) 108: And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe. 109: A not heed hadde he, with a broun visage. 110: Of wodecraft wel koude he al the usage. 111: Upon his arm he baar a gay bracer,112: And by his syde a swerd and a bokeler,113: And on that oother syde a gay daggere114: Harneised wel and sharp as point of spere; 115: A cristopher on his brest of silver sheene. 116: An horn he bar, the bawdryk was of grene; 117: A forster was he, soothly, as I gesse.The Prioress' Portrait118: Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,119: That of hir smylyng was ful symple and coy; 120: Hire gretteste ooth was but by seinte loy; 121: And she was cleped madame eglentyne.122: Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne,123: Entuned in hir nose ful semely,124: And frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly, 125: After the scole of stratford atte bowe,126: For frenssh of parys was to hire unknowe. 127: At mete wel ytaught was she with alle:128: She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,129: Ne wette hir fyngres in hir sauce depe;130: Wel koude she carie a morsel and wel kepe 131: That no drope ne fille upon hire brest.132: In curteisie was set ful muchel hir lest.133: Hir over-lippe wyped she so clene134: That in hir coppe ther was no ferthyng sene 135: Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte. 136: Ful semely after hir mete she raughte.137: And sikerly she was of greet desport,138: And ful plesaunt, and amyable of port,139: And peyned hire to countrefete cheere140: Of court, and to been estatlich of manere, 141: And to ben holden digne of reverence.142: But, for to speken of hire conscience,143: She was so charitable and so pitous144: She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous 145: Kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde. 146: Of smale houndes hadde she that she fedde 147: With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel-breed. 148: But soore wepte she if oon of hem were deed,149: Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte;150: And al was conscience and tendre herte.151: Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was,152: Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas,153: Hir mouth ful smal, and therto softe and reed; 154: But sikerly she hadde a fair forheed;155: It was almoost a spanne brood, I trowe;156: For, hardily, she was nat undergrowe.157: Ful fetys was hir cloke, as I was war.158: Of smal coral aboute hire arm she bar159: A peire of bedes, gauded al with grene,160: And theron heng a brooch of gold ful sheene, 161: On which ther was first write a crowned a,162: And after amor vincit omnia.The Second Nun's Portrait163: Another nonne with hire hadde she,THE THREE PRIESTS164: That was hir chapeleyne, and preestes thre.The Monk's Portrait165: A monk ther was, a fair for the maistrie,166: An outridere, that lovede venerie,167: A manly man, to been an abbot able.168: Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable, 169: And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel heere 170: Gynglen in a whistlynge wynd als cleere171: And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle. 172: Ther as this lord was kepere of the celle,173: The reule of seint maure or of seint beneit,174: By cause that it was old and somdel streit175: This ilke monk leet olde thynges pace,176: And heeld after the newe world the space.177: He yaf nat of that text a pulled hen,178: That seith that hunters ben nat hooly men,179: Ne that a monk, whan he is recchelees,180: Is likned til a fissh that is waterlees, --181: This is to seyn, a monk out of his cloystre.182: But thilke text heeld he nat worth an oystre; 183: And I seyde his opinion was good.184: What sholde he studie and make hymselven wood, 185: Upon a book in cloystre alwey to poure,186: Or swynken with his handes, and laboure,187: As austyn bit? how shal the world be served? 188: Lat austyn have his swynk to hym reserved! 189: Therfore he was a prikasour aright:190: Grehoundes he hadde as swift as fowel in flight; 191: Of prikyng and of huntyng for the hare192: Was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare. 193: I seigh his sleves purfiled at the hond194: With grys, and that the fyneste of a lond; 195: And, for to festne his hood under his chyn, 196: He hadde of gold ywroght a ful curious pyn; 197: A love-knotte in the gretter ende ther was. 198: His heed was balled, that shoon as any glas, 199: And eek his face, as he hadde been enoynt. 200: He was a lord ful fat and in good poynt;201: His eyen stepe, and rollynge in his heed, 202: That stemed as a forneys of a leed;203: His bootes souple, his hors in greet estaat. 204: Now certeinly he was a fair prelaat;205: He was nat pale as a forpyned goost.206: A fat swan loved he best of any roost.207: His palfrey was as broun as is a berye.The Friar's Portrait208: A frere ther was, a wantowne and a merye, 209: A lymytour, a ful solempne man.210: In alle the ordres foure is noon that kan211: So muchel of daliaunce and fair langage. 212: He hadde maad ful many a mariage213: Of yonge wommen at his owene cost.214: Unto his ordre he was a noble post.215: Ful wel biloved and famulier was he216: With frankeleyns over al in his contree,217: And eek with worthy wommen of the toun; 218: For he hadde power of confessioun,219: As seyde hymself, moore than a curat,220: For of his ordre he was licenciat.221: Ful swetely herde he confessioun,222: And plesaunt was his absolucioun:223: He was an esy man to yeve penaunce,224: Ther as he wiste to have a good pitaunce. 225: For unto a povre ordre for to yive226: Is signe that a man is wel yshryve;227: For if he yaf, he dorste make avaunt,228: He wiste that a man was repentaunt;229: For many a man so hard is of his herte, 230: He may nat wepe, althogh hym soore smerte. 231: Therfore in stede of wepynge and preyeres 232: Men moote yeve silver to the povre freres. 233: His typet was ay farsed ful of knyves234: And pynnes, for to yeven faire wyves.235: And certeinly he hadde a murye note:236: Wel koude he synge and pleyen on a rote; 237: Of yeddynges he baar outrely the pris.238: His nekke whit was as the flour-de-lys; 239: Therto he strong was as a champioun.240: He knew the tavernes wel in every toun 241: And everich hostiler and tappestere242: Bet than a lazar or a beggestere;243: For unto swich a worthy man as he244: Acorded nat, as by his facultee,245: To have with sike lazars aqueyntaunce. 246: It is nat honest, it may nat avaunce,247: For to deelen with no swich poraille,248: But al with riche and selleres of vitaille. 249: And over al, ther as profit sholde arise, 250: Curteis he was and lowely of servyse.251: Ther nas no man nowher so vertuous.252: He was the beste beggere in his hous;252.1: (and yaf a certeyne ferme for the graunt; 252.2: Noon of his bretheren cam ther in his haunt;) 253: For thogh a wydwe hadde noght a sho,254: So plesaunt was his in principio,255: Yet wolde he have a ferthyng, er he wente. 256: His purchas was wel bettre than his rente. 257: And rage he koude, as it were right a whelp. 258: In love-dayes ther koude he muchel help, 259: For ther he was nat lyk a cloysterer260: With a thredbare cope, as is a povre scoler, 261: But he was lyk a maister or a pope.262: Of double worstede was his semycope, 263: That rounded as a belle out of the presse. 264: Somwhat he lipsed, for his wantownesse, 265: To make his englissh sweete upon his tonge; 266: And in his harpyng, whan that he hadde songe, 267: His eyen twynkled in his heed aryght,268: As doon the sterres in the frosty nyght.269: This worthy lymytour was cleped huberd.The Merchant's Portrait270: A marchant was ther with a forked berd, 271: In mottelee, and hye on horse he sat;272: Upon his heed a flaundryssh bever hat,273: His bootes clasped faire and fetisly.274: His resons he spak ful solempnely,275: Sownynge alwey th' encrees of his wynnyng. 276: He wolde the see were kept for any thyng 277: Bitwixe middelburgh and orewelle.278: Wel koude he in eschaunge sheeldes selle. 279: This worthy man ful wel his wit bisette: 280: Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette, 281: So estatly was he of his governaunce282: With his bargaynes and with his chevyssaunce. 283: For sothe he was a worthy man with alle, 284: But, sooth to seyn, I noot how men hym calle. The Clerk's Portrait285: A clerk ther was of oxenford also,286: That unto logyk hadde longe ygo.287: As leene was his hors as is a rake,288: And he nas nat right fat, I undertake,289: But looked holwe, and therto sobrely.290: Ful thredbare was his overeste courtepy; 291: For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice, 292: Ne was so worldly for to have office.293: For hym was levere have at his beddes heed 294: Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,295: Of aristotle and his philosophie,296: Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie. 297: But al be that he was a philosophre,298: Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre;299: But al that he myghte of his freendes hente, 300: On bookes and on lernynge he it spente, 301: And bisily gan for the soules preye302: Of hem that yaf hym wherwith to scoleye. 303: Of studie took he moost cure and moost heede, 304: Noght o word spak he moore than was neede, 305: And that was seyd in forme and reverence, 306: And short and quyk and ful of hy sentence; 307: Sownynge in moral vertu was his speche, 308: And gladly wolde he lerne and gladly teche.The The Man of Law's Portrait309: A sergeant of the lawe, war and wys,310: That often hadde been at the parvys,311: Ther was also, ful riche of excellence.312: Discreet he was and of greet reverence -- 313: He semed swich, his wordes weren so wise. 314: Justice he was ful often in assise,315: By patente and by pleyn commissioun.316: For his science and for his heigh renoun, 317: Of fees and robes hadde he many oon.318: So greet a purchasour was nowher noon: 319: Al was fee symple to hym in effect;320: His purchasyng myghte nat been infect. 321: Nowher so bisy a man as he ther nas,322: And yet he semed bisier than he was.323: In termes hadde he caas and doomes alle 324: That from the tyme of kyng william were falle. 325: Therto he koude endite, and make a thyng, 326: Ther koude no wight pynche at his writyng; 327: And every statut koude he pleyn by rote. 328: He rood but hoomly in a medlee cote.329: Girt with a ceint of silk, with barres smale; 330: Of his array telle I no lenger tale.The Franklin's Portrait331: A frankeleyn was in his compaignye.332: Whit was his berd as is the dayesye;333: Of his complexioun he was sangwyn.334: Wel loved he by the morwe a sop in wyn; 335: To lyven in delit was evere his wone,336: For he was epicurus owene sone,337: That heeld opinioun that pleyn delit338: Was verray felicitee parfit.339: An housholdere, and that a greet, was he; 340: Seint julian he was in his contree.341: His breed, his ale, was alweys after oon; 342: A bettre envyned man was nowher noon. 343: Withoute bake mete was nevere his hous 344: Of fissh and flessh, and that so plentevous, 345: It snewed in his hous of mete and drynke, 346: Of alle deyntees that men koude thynke. 347: After the sondry sesons of the yeer,348: So chaunged he his mete and his soper.349: Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in muwe, 350: And many a breem and many a luce in stuwe. 351: Wo was his cook but if his sauce were352: Poynaunt and sharp, and redy al his geere. 353: His table dormant in his halle alway354: Stood redy covered al the longe day.355: At sessiouns ther was he lord and sire;356: Ful ofte tyme he was knyght of the shire.357: An anlaas and a gipser al of silk358: Heeng at his girdel, whit as morne milk.359: A shirreve hadde he been, and a contour.360: Was nowher swich a worthy vavasour.The Guildsmen's Portrait361: An haberdasshere and a carpenter,362: A webbe, a dyere, and a tapycer, --363: And they were clothed alle in o lyveree364: Of a solempne and a greet fraternitee.365: Ful fressh and newe hir geere apiked was; 366: Hir knyves were chaped noght with bras367: But al with silver; wroght ful clene and weel 368: Hire girdles and hir pouches everydeel.369: Wel semed ech of hem a fair burgeys370: To sitten in a yeldehalle on a deys.371: Everich, for the wisdom that he kan,372: Was shaply for to been an alderman.373: For catel hadde they ynogh and rente,374: And eek hir wyves wolde it wel assente;375: And elles certeyn were they to blame.376: It is ful fair to been ycleped madame,377: And goon to vigilies al bifore,378: And have a mantel roialliche ybore.The Cook's Portrait379: A cook they hadde with hem for the nones 380: To boille the chiknes with the marybones, 381: And poudre-marchant tart and galyngale. 382: Wel koude he knowe a draughte of londoun ale. 383: He koude rooste, and sethe, and broille, and frye, 384: Maken mortreux, and wel bake a pye.385: But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me,386: That on his shyne a mormal hadde he.387: For blankmanger, that made he with the besteThe Shipman's Portrait388: A shipman was ther, wonynge fer by weste; 389: For aught I woot, he was of dertemouthe. 390: He rood upon a rounce, as he kouthe,391: In a gowne of faldyng to the knee.392: A daggere hangynge on a laas hadde he393: Aboute his nekke, under his arm adoun.394: The hoote somer hadde maad his hewe al broun; 395: And certeinly he was a good felawe.396: Ful many a draughte of wyn had he ydrawe 397: Fro burdeux-ward, whil that the chapmen sleep. 398: Of nyce conscience took he no keep.399: If that he faught, and hadde the hyer hond, 400: By water he sente hem hoom to every lond. 401: But of his craft to rekene wel his tydes,402: His stremes, and his daungers hym bisides, 403: His herberwe, and his moone, his lodemenage, 404: Ther nas noon swich from hulle to cartage. 405: Hardy he was and wys to undertake;406: With many a tempest hadde his berd been shake. 407: He knew alle the havenes, as they were,408: Fro gootlond to the cape of fynystere,409: And every cryke in britaigne and in spayne. 410: His barge ycleped was the maudelayne.The Physician's Portrait411: With us ther was a doctour of phisik;412: In al this world ne was the noon hym lik,413: To speke of phisik and of surgerye414: For he was grounded in astronomye.415: He kepte his pacient a ful greet deel416: In houres by his magyk natureel.417: Wel koude he fortunen the ascendent418: Of his ymages for his pacient.419: He knew the cause of everich maladye,420: Were it of hoot, or coold, or moyste, or drye, 421: And where they engendred, and of what humour. 422: He was a verray, parfit praktisour:423: The cause yknowe, and of his harm the roote, 424: Anon he yaf the sike man his boote.425: Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries426: To sende hym drogges and his letuaries,427: For ech of hem made oother for to wynne --428: Hir frendshipe nas nat newe to bigynne.429: Wel knew he the olde esculapius,430: And deyscorides, and eek rufus,431: Olde ypocras, haly, and galyen,432: Serapion, razis, and avycen,433: Averrois, damascien, and constantyn,434: Bernard, and gatesden, and gilbertyn.435: Of his diete mesurable was he,436: For it was of no superfluitee,437: But of greet norissyng and digestible.438: His studie was but litel on the bible.439: In sangwyn and in pers he clad was al,440: Lyned with taffata and with sendal;441: And yet he was but esy of dispence;442: He kepte that he wan in pestilence.443: For gold in phisik is a cordial,444: Therefore he lovede gold in special.The Wife of Bath's Portrait445: A good wif was ther of biside bathe,446: But she was somdel deef, and that was scathe. 447: Of clooth-makyng she hadde swich an haunt, 448: She passed hem of ypres and of gaunt.449: In al the parisshe wif ne was ther noon450: That to the offrynge bifore hire sholde goon; 451: And if ther dide, certeyn so wrooth was she, 452: That she was out of alle charitee.453: Hir coverchiefs ful fyne weren of ground; 454: I dorste swere they weyeden ten pound455: That on a sonday weren upon hir heed.456: Hir hosen weren of fyn scarlet reed,457: Ful streite yteyd, and shoes ful moyste and newe. 458: Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe. 459: She was a worthy womman al hir lyve:460: Housbondes at chirche dore she hadde fyve, 461: Withouten oother compaignye in youthe, -- 462: But therof nedeth nat to speke as nowthe. 463: And thries hadde she been at jerusalem;464: She hadde passed many a straunge strem; 465: At rome she hadde been, and at boloigne, 466: In galice at seint-jame, and at coloigne.467: She koude muchel of wandrynge by the weye. 468: Gat-tothed was she, soothly for to seye.469: Upon an amblere esily she sat,470: Ywympled wel, and on hir heed an hat471: As brood as is a bokeler or a targe;472: A foot-mantel aboute hir hipes large,473: And on hir feet a paire of spores sharpe.474: In felaweshipe wel koude she laughe and carpe. 475: Of remedies of love she knew per chaunce, 476: For she koude of that art the olde daunce.The Parson's Portrait477: A good man was ther of religioun,478: And was a povre persoun of a toun,479: But riche he was of hooly thoght and werk. 480: He was also a lerned man, a clerk,481: That cristes gospel trewely wolde preche; 482: His parisshens devoutly wolde he teche.483: Benygne he was, and wonder diligent,484: And in adversitee ful pacient,485: And swich he was ypreved ofte sithes.486: Ful looth were hym to cursen for his tithes, 487: But rather wolde he yeven, out of doute,488: Unto his povre parisshens aboute489: Of his offryng and eek of his substaunce.490: He koude in litel thyng have suffisaunce.491: Wyd was his parisshe, and houses fer asonder, 492: But he ne lefte nat, for reyn ne thonder,493: In siknesse nor in meschief to visite494: The ferreste in his parisshe, muche and lite, 495: Upon his feet, and in his hand a staf.496: This noble ensample to his sheep he yaf,497: That first he wroghte, and afterward he taughte. 498: Out of the gospel he tho wordes caughte,499: And this figure he added eek therto,500: That if gold ruste, what shal iren do?501: For if a preest be foul, on whom we truste, 502: No wonder is a lewed man to ruste;503: And shame it is, if a prest take keep,504: A shiten shepherde and a clene sheep.505: Wel oghte a preest ensample for to yive,506: By his clennesse, how that his sheep sholde lyve. 507: He sette nat his benefice to hyre508: And leet his sheep encombred in the myre 509: And ran to londoun unto seinte poules510: To seken hym a chaunterie for soules,511: Or with a bretherhed to been withholde;512: But dwelte at hoom, and kepte wel his folde, 513: So that the wolf ne made it nat myscarie;514: He was a shepherde and noght a mercenarie. 515: And though he hooly were and vertuous, 516: He was to synful men nat despitous,517: Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne,518: But in his techyng discreet and benygne. 519: To drawen folk to hevene by fairnesse,520: By good ensample, this was his bisynesse. 521: But it were any persone obstinat,522: What so he were, of heigh or lough estat, 523: Hym wolde he snybben sharply for the nonys. 524: A bettre preest I trowe that nowher noon ys. 525: He waited after no pompe and reverence, 526: Ne maked him a spiced conscience,527: But cristes loore and his apostles twelve 528: He taughte, but first he folwed it hymselve. The Plowman's Portrait529: With hym ther was a plowman, was his brother, 530: That hadde ylad of dong ful many a fother; 531: A trewe swynkere and a good was he,532: Lyvynge in pees and parfit charitee.533: God loved he best with al his hoole herte 534: At alle tymes, thogh him gamed or smerte, 535: And thanne his neighebor right as hymselve. 536: He wolde thresshe, and therto dyke and delve, 537: For cristes sake, for every povre wight,538: Withouten hire, if it lay in his myght.539: His tithes payde he ful faire and wel,540: Bothe of his propre swynk and his catel. 541: In a tabard he rood upon a mere.542: Ther was also a reve, and a millere,543: A somnour, and a pardoner also,544: A maunciple, and myself -- ther were namo. The Miller's Portrait545: The millere was a stout carl for the nones; 546: Ful byg he was of brawn, and eek of bones. 547: That proved wel, for over al ther he cam, 548: At wrastlynge he wolde have alwey the ram. 549: He was short-sholdred, brood, a thikke knarre; 550: Ther was no dore that he nolde heve of harre, 551: Or breke it at a rennyng with his heed.552: His berd as any sowe or fox was reed,553: And therto brood, as though it were a spade. 554: Upon the cop right of his nose he hade555: A werte, and theron stood a toft of herys, 556: Reed as the brustles of a sowes erys;557: His nosethirles blake were and wyde.558: A swerd and bokeler bar he by his syde. 559: His mouth as greet was as a greet forneys. 560: He was a janglere and a goliardeys,561: And that was moost of synne and harlotries. 562: Wel koude he stelen corn and tollen thries; 563: And yet he hadde a thombe of gold, pardee. 564: A whit cote and a blew hood wered he. 565: A baggepipe wel koude he blowe and sowne, 566: And therwithal he broghte us out of towne. The Manciple's Portrait567: A gentil maunciple was ther of a temple, 568: Of which achatours myghte take exemple 569: For to be wise in byynge of vitaille;570: For wheither that he payde or took by taille, 571: Algate he wayted so in his achaat572: That he was ay biforn and in good staat. 573: Now is nat that of God a ful fair grace574: That swich a lewed mannes wit shal pace 575: The wisdom of an heep of lerned men? 576: Of maistres hadde he mo than thries ten, 577: That weren of lawe expert and curious, 578: Of which ther were a duszeyne in that hous 579: Worthy to been stywardes of rente and lond 580: Of any lord that is in engelond,581: To make hym lyve by his propre good 582: In honour dettelees (but if he were wood), 583: Or lyve as scarsly as hym list desire;584: And able for to helpen al a shire585: In any caas that myghte falle or happe; 586: And yet this manciple sette hir aller cappe. The Reeve's Portrait587: The reve was a sclendre colerik man.588: His berd was shave as ny as ever he kan; 589: His heer was by his erys ful round yshorn; 590: His top was dokked lyk a preest biforn 591: Ful longe were his legges and ful lene, 592: Ylyk a staf, ther was no calf ysene.593: Wel koude he kepe a gerner and a bynne; 594: Ther was noon auditour koude on him wynne. 595: Wel wiste he by the droghte and by the reyn。
坎特伯雷故事集
坎特伯雷故事集坎特伯雷故事集《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部诗体短篇小说集，叙述朝圣者一行30人会聚在泰巴旅店，这些朝圣者有骑士、僧尼、商人、手工艺者、医生、律师、学者、农夫、家庭主妇等当时英国社会各个阶层的人士，他们准备前往坎特伯雷去朝拜圣托马斯。
下面就有小编为大家整理坎特伯雷故事，希望对大家有帮助。
坎特伯雷故事篇(一)我所要讲的是关于三个恶汉，清早于晨钟还未报时之前，已在酒铺里坐下酣饮了;这时他们听见有叮当之声领着人们抬了一个死人前去埋葬;三个恶汉中有一个向店小伙喊道，“你快去问那抬过去的是什么尸首;务必问清他的姓名，回来报知我们。
”“先生，”店小伙道，“不必问了。
你们来之前两个钟头，已有人告诉我了，他原是你们的老伙伴，夜间在凳子上坐着喝酒，酩酊大醉，忽而死去;有一位名叫‘死亡’的，潜来此地，在这一带杀了许多人，他用剑矛把他的心摧为两爿，接着一言不发，转身便走。
这次疫症流行，被他杀害的人已不下千数。
先生，你未见到他以前，我想应该有所准备，不可轻敌：随时随地都要防御者他。
我的母亲是这样教导我的，旁的话我就不会说了。
”“这孩子说的是真话，有圣玛利亚为证，”店主道，“离开这里一里多路，有座大村落，这一年以来，村上妇女小孩，村夫野汉，都被他杀死了。
我想他的住处一定就在那边;谨防着他，莫被他伤害了，这才是上策。
”“咦，上帝的手膀，”这恶汉道，“遇见了他竟有偌大的危险吗?我以上帝的好骨头为誓，定要去大街小巷搜寻他出来!听呐，伙伴们，我们三个等于一个人;大家伸出手来，结为兄弟，共同发愿，以杀死这个害人的‘死亡’为目的;他杀了许多人，我们在天色未黑以前，必须结果他的性命，有神明为证。
”于是三人发了盟誓，彼此通生同死，视若兄弟一般。
他们在狂醉中一同站了起来，向店主所说的村落走去，一面赌着许多可怕的咒誓，把基督的圣体撕得粉碎——“只消把‘死亡’找到，必置之死地”。
他们还未走到半里路的光景，正在跨过一段篱围，看见一个贫穷老翁。
浅析The_Canterbury_Tales
The Canterbury TalesGeoffrey Chaucer (1343 –1400) was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular Middle English, rather than French or Latin.杰弗里·乔叟(1343 -1400)是一位英国作家,诗人,哲学家,官僚,朝廷官员和外交官。
虽然他写了许多作品,他是最好的记住他的未完成的框架叙事《坎特伯雷故事集》。
有时被称为英国文学之父,乔叟被一些学者作为第一作者展示艺术的合法性方言中古英语,而不是法语或拉丁语。
The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century. It was probably first conceived in 1386, when he was lived in Greenwich, where he can saw large numbers of pilgrims, so the sight and sound of the bands riding toward Canterbury may well have suggested to Chaucer the idea of using a fictitious pilgrimage as a "frame" for a number of stories.This practice was common in the later period of the Middle Ages: Boccaccio had told 100 tales in his Decameron, and each of the ten characters told a story a day for ten days. Another Italian, Gioanni Sercambi, had placed a series of stories in the mouth of the leader of a group of persons journeying on horseback. As for this book, the tales are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucer's magnum opus. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. 坎特伯雷故事集是一家集故事写在中古英语在14世纪的结束。
The Canterbury Tales坎特布雷尔
III. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗雷· 乔叟 (1340?-1400)
the representative writer in the Medieval English literature
1. Life
1) born in a wine merchant’s family; 2) married Philippa, a maid of honor to the queen and sister of the Duke of Lancaster, who later became his patron. 3) several times he was sent to the continent on diplomatic missions, two of which took him to Italy. In Italy, he met Petrarch.
Week 2 Age of Chaucer
正好就在那个季节的一天，我在索思沃克的泰巴客栈歇息 怀着一颗虔诚的心准备去坎特伯雷朝圣； 在夜幕时分，二十九个圣徒结伴来到客栈 他们都是朝圣者，身份不同却因机缘而来到这里， 他们都将骑马去坎特伯雷； 房间和马厩宽敞而整洁 我们收到了最好的招待，安逸舒适 很快太阳已落山，于是我告诉众人， 我很快将会成为他们中的一员 我提议大家明天一早起床上路 不过在我给大家叙述我的故事之前， 我似乎有原因先描述这里每个人的样子， 我对他们的看法，和他们的为人与地位，甚至他们衣服的颜色 我先从一个骑士开始……
England VS. France
Time The reign of Edward III (1327-1377) to Henry VI (1421-1471) Influence An awakening of national consciousness in England
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读作者：卢云川来源：《知识文库》2018年第08期杰弗雷·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）（1343-1400）被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，其主要的作品《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）是一部诗体短篇小说集，对英国文学发展贡献巨大。
这部小说集由21个独立的故事和其它几个不完整的片段故事组成。
这些故事包罗万象，雅俗共赏，其中“磨坊主的故事”（“The Miller’s Tale”）最为评论界津津乐道。
这个故事有悖传统故事的结局和“惩善扬恶”的道德观耐人寻味。
本文主要对故事里投射的道德观进行解读，并力图揭示背后作者的别有用心。
“磨坊主的故事”是乔叟的短篇小说集《坎特伯雷故事集》里最为精彩的一个故事。
顾名思义，这个故事是一个磨坊主讲述的。
在这之前，一位骑士讲述了一个故事，按照游戏规则，将由另一个人接着讲述一个故事来回敬，喝得酩酊大醉的磨坊主自告奋勇，讲了一个木匠的美丽妻子和房客书生以及牧师勾搭鬼混的粗鄙淫猥的故事。
在“磨坊主的故事”里，出场的人物分别是：富有的木匠约翰和他容貌倾城的年轻妻子阿丽森、木匠家里研读星象的房客书生尼古拉以及牧师阿伯沙龙。
一般传统故事里，人物的下场或结局都是各得其所。
这个故事里的人物也算是各得其所，除了木匠的妻子阿丽森。
无知善妒的木匠约翰下场最为悲惨，他不仅被戴了绿帽，断了一只手，而且全镇子的人都说他是疯子；亵渎神职的牧师阿伯沙龙极尽谄媚勾搭阿丽森，最后却只从阿丽森那里得到了一个下流的“吻”；而背着木匠与其妻子偷情的穷书生尼古拉因为朝着阿伯沙龙的脸放屁最后被阿伯沙龙用烧红的烙铁狠狠地烫了屁股。
但是作者乔叟对故事里各位人物的惩罚是有失公允的。
故事里其他三位男性悲催的下场皆因阿丽森而起，然而事主阿丽森却逍遥法外，毫发无伤。
她和书生偷情背叛丈夫却没有受到任何惩罚，然而被她欺骗愚弄的老实巴交的丈夫却是最倒霉的，正是因为她的狡诈和诡计多端让她逃过一劫。
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
3可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一 点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些 介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个 阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就 先把骑士说说
When zephyrs have breathed softly all about 西风轻拂，催生草木 Inspiring every wood and field to sprout, 空中朝气勃勃的太阳已过白羊座处 And in the zodiac the youthful sun 转眼便是四月之初 His journey halfway through the Ram has run; 美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦 When little birds are busy with their song 鸟儿不辞昼夜忙于歌唱 Who sleep with open eyes the whole night long 生机唤醒了它们的心与内在的激荡
6《百鸟议会》(The
Parliament of
Fowls,1380) 7《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》（Troilus and Cryseyde） 他翻译过的法国文学作品有《玫瑰传奇》 (Romance of the Rose)
坎特伯雷故事集(The Canterbury Tales)简介：
And specially in England people ride 在英格兰尤甚 To Canterbury from every countryside 人们从各个角落去往坎特伯雷城 To visit there the blessed martyred saint 去朝拜那有神佑的殉道圣人 Who gave them strength when they were sick and faint. 那个在他们脆弱无助时给予帮助的灵魂
凯特伯雷故事集ppt
II. The Canterbury Tales
i. Historical Background:
Background
Merchants and craftsmen became a new force who took the place of old noblemen to push English society to stride into capitalism(资本主义）.
Pilgrimages(朝圣）were very popular. The most famous pilgrimage in England itself was the journey to Canterbury. People believed that Thomas Becket, who had been murdered in Canterbury Cathedral, could help the sick and answer prayers. The Wife of Bath, another of Chaucer’s pilgrims, has even been as far as Jerusalem on a pilgrimage. Some people became pilgrims for authentic(真实的）religious reasons. However, many treat it as a holiday.）
His literary Career
Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods:
(i). the period of French influence (1360-1372). (ii). the period of Italian influence (1372-1386), especially of Dante and Boccaccio.
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The Canterbury Tales is a book of stories.
because it is one of the first to be written in the English language. The book is about a group of travelers who are going from London to Canterbury. As they travel along, each person tells a tale (a story).
Meanwhile, he also exposed and satirized the social evils, esp. the religious abuses.
vivid portrayal（描绘） of individualized characters of the society and
monumental （纪念碑）works in English literature.
It is one of the landmarks of English literature, perhaps the greatest
work produced in Middle English
Give us a true to life picture of his time. The work stands as a
satirized all the religious people except the parson; shows a growing sense of self-importance （自负）of the trades and
towns people, reflecting th towns and cities.
lively and vivid
Middle-Age English
satiric （讽刺）and humorous heroic couplet
of unequal merits
The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s Masterpiece and one of the
historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the
late Middle Ages
As a forerunner （先驱）of humanism, he praises man’s energy,
intellect, quick wit and love of life
This is why the
book is called The Canterbury Tales.
Influenced by the early Italian Renaissance（文艺 复兴）
Chaucer affirmed man's right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism （禁欲主义）, praised man's energy, intellect, and love of life.
of all professions and social strata except the highest and the lowest
shows respect for the two landed gentry（贵族们）, the plowman
（农夫） and the parson（牧师）;