高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作训练专题三概要写作
2020届新高考英语二轮对点集训：第四板块 第三部分 概要写作
第四板块第三部分概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 1971, China's first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China has the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6,000 km by 2020.The rapid development of China's urban railway system reflects the country's growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wealth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan(about $110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system.The progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not only covers traditional infrastructure building but also modern electronics and information technology. China's railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States.The expansion of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve this problem.This year marks the 41st anniversary of the launch of China's reform and opening up, and the rapid development of China's urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic growth and railway systems will be available in more and more cities.Writing 1The past few decades has witnessed the fast development of Chinese urban railways both in number and length, which is a reflection of China's prosperous economy. (要点1) Actually, not only the growing construction technologies but also the expansion of Chinese cities with booming population and heavy traffic, stimulates the urban railway construction. (要点2) With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, more urban railways will come into use. (要点3)Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高三英语二轮复习课件 ：说明文概要写作
转折 因果
what's more; what's worse; worse still; besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore…
in short; in brief；to sum up; on the whole; in a word …
…sleeping earlier the night before … Besides, …ask someone to call you.
Methods of searching for the key information
1：Cut out the details. 2. Focus on the signal words.
Step 3. paraphrase (改写)
Getting up early is of great importance to us all.
paraphrase
1. Rising early is of great significance to us all.
importance Getting up
2 In the morning, … usually in the
3
reasons
4
5
suggestions
best conditions.
If we get up early …become much healthier.
We will also have …work or study of the day …
2022届高考英语写作之概要写作三篇
一Photographs of our traveling adventures seem unrealistic to me now, after two years of lockdown. But it suits me fine. I’m the homebody and my husband is the adventurous one.“Where do you want to go after Omicron?” Roger asks, iPad in hand.Long pause. “How about a resort town only two hours’ drive away?”I can tell by the look on Roger’s face that he was researching destinations maybe a bit further from home.I don’t h ate travel. I enjoy hearing about the history of a country from people who live there and love the place with all their hearts. Meeting people in other countries offers insight into lives that are so different to mine.What I dislike about travel is being a tourist. That awful creature trampling (踩踏) around the columns (柱子) of the Parthenon, wearing down the stone steps of Angkor Wat and complaining that the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are not as colorful as the photographs on Trip Advisor.The guides I meet worldwide are kind. They study tourism in university. They are knowledgeable about history and culture. “Don’t wear your rings here, Madam. No jewelry.” “Don’t pay so much for that scarf, Madam.” They would take us by the arm to get us across busy streets as if we were naive (天真的) children. But depending on someone else so far away from home gives a feeling of insecurity.Traveling contributed to more serious plastic pollution. No recycling program can keep up with the crest (浪尖) of plastic on every wave. Don’t feel bad, people assured (使确信) me, you are boosting the local economy. Many countries depend on tourist dollars.Do they? Are they really better off? When receiving a massage (按摩) in Thailand, I was asked how much my bathing suit cost. It is a Spee do. “Eighty Canadian dollars.”I gave her $6, plus a tip, for a 90-minute massage. In Canada, she would get more than the price of my bathing suit for the same labor. I am increasingly uncomfortable with the inequity (不公平). During the weeks and months before the vaccines (疫苗), when planes were grounded and ocean liners (邮轮) were docked (停靠码头), the planet took a deep breath. I am encouraged by conversations with travelers who are sharing better ways of exploring this planet. When we travel once again, it will be with a better understanding for humans who suffered losses greater than ours. COVID-19 proved to be the worst tourist ever. It made a mess and refused to pay its bill. The world has been patient and allowed a late checkout, but housekeeping needs to clean the room. Everybody’s waiting.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words._____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________参考答案The conversation between my husband and me made me think deeply about traveling. I don’t hate travel; what I hate is being one of the tourists who damage tourist attractions and pollute the environment. The feeling of insecurity is also a problem. COVID-19 caused a lot of damage and paused the tourism industry. However, it has also allowed the whole planet to take a break and us to reflect on travel. We await the end of COVID-19 and a better world.二Why are people taking pictures of their faces, their hobbies and their food? Why do we capture every single moment? I can’t really give you an answer, because honestly, I am one of those people who take photographs of everything.The special thing about photography is that we can capture moments anywhere and anytime. All we need for this is our smartphone – something that rarely leaves our side.Compared to other forms of visual (视觉的) art, you don’t need any special talent for it. Every single one of us can get started with this wonderful hobby, no matter if your goal is to sell your photographs or just to keep them for your own viewing pleasure.Every picture you take is a personal story. There is no painting without context (背景). However, unlike a painting, you don’t need to spend hours of your time on it. It is a way to express yourself, with little to no skill involved.If you prefer to share your pictures with the world, you can also get immediate feedback (反馈). Camera phones allow us to upload our pictures in a few seconds. Pictures connect and show the people around us what is going on in our life right now.The most amazing thing for me is without question the ability to capture every single moment in my life with just a single click of a button (按钮). This enables me to remember every experience as it happens. It’s crazy how the emotions of one single picture can throw you back in time. We can connect to our past, no matter where we are and preserve those memories that are most meaningful to us.Photography is also an amazing tool to appreciate the world around us and to stay in the moment. There is more to this hobby than “just taking pictures”. It is a way to express yo ur feelings, your drives (渴望) and also yourself. Photography is art, and it allows each of us to become an artist. Embrace your artsy (有艺术气息的) side, and take a picture of your next adventure! You won’t regret it, I promise.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words._____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：I love photography. It’s more than a hobby; it’s art. It enables us to capture everythi ng we see and our experience without a need to learn special skills. We can upload pictures and share them with the world. Photography allows us to appreciate the world and express our feelings. I suggest you take pictures while on your next adventure.三I am not sure how many years ago it was, but I still had a cassette player (盒式磁带放录机) at the time. I had a lot of housework. I was tired of television and was in the mood for music. I pulled out one of my favorite cassettes. It started to play but before long the music stopped. I opened the player and saw the tape in the cassette was all pulled out and twisted (扭曲的). I tried to fix it, but it was already broken beyond repair. I frowned. I didn’t want to risk another of my cassettes with a tape-eating machine, but I really wanted some music.Then I noticed my ancient record player in the corner. I walked over and dusted it off. I pulled out an old record of my mom’s that my Dad had given me after she died. I turned on the record player and gently put the record on the turntable (唱机上的转盘). “Pop (砰)!” “Crack (噼啪声)!” went the record for a second as I put the needle (唱针) down. Then a beautiful melody from my childhood started to play. I smiled and started to do my housework. The sweet songs I grew up on touched my soul. I felt the music coming out of me. I started to sing, letting my weak voice join in joyously with the music. I even dared to dance a little while I did the dishes. I smiled and laughed. My heart was filled with happiness. And at that moment I could feel the joy of the universe all around me. “This is how life is supposed to be!”These days all my music is on CDs. My daughter says I am behind the times. She says I should buy a cellphone and download all the music I want. But instead, I think I will dust off those old records again, put them on that record player and start to sing along.We all have music within us just waiting to get out. Don’t let your music die within you then. Share your song with the world. And don’t forget to dance a little too.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：I once used my cassette player to listen to music, but stopped using it after it started eating my tapes. I then found an old record player, allowing me to listen to my records with joy. Now my music is on CDs, but my daughter thinks they are out of fashion. We all have music inside us. However you listen, don’t let the music stop.。
新高考适用2025版高考英语二轮总复习专题模拟训练概要写作
专题模拟训练(概要写作)概要写作(一)A(2024·高考英语考前信息必刷卷)阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The production of fine art is the use of skill and imagination to create aesthetic objects or experiences which can be shared with other people.Photography is thought by some to be a form of fine art; however, others claim that photography is not.Those who believe that photography is not a form of art present several arguments.They claim a photograph is nothing but an objective record of a particular place at a particular time.Therefore, any beauty that is perceived in the picture is the beauty of the time and place where it was taken, and is not the creation of the photographer.They also argue that sophisticated and expensive equipment often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographerʼs creativity.Even some of the greatest photographers acknowledge that there is a limit to the amount of influence they can have on a final product.However, there are also many reasons why photography is appreciated on the same level as other recognized forms of visual art.The decisions involved in creating a photograph are analogous to those made by any other artist.A photograph is not just a banal record of the world, but a deliberately created image with its own artistic features.Ansel Adams, the American photographer, commented on this point when he noted: “You donʼt take a photograph, you make it.” There is a growing trend for photographers to call themselves artists and their photos are sold for millions of dollars.However, these high prices may not be enough to change peopleʼs perceptions of whether photography is art.The arguments about whether photography is art have been discussed since the earliest cameras were used.The creative process involved in taking a fine photograph, deciding what, when and how the picture should be taken, is certainly similar to the process of making fine art.However, cameras are also increasingly used to take photographs for non-artistic functions.Although we cannot say that photography itself is necessarilyart, we can certainly see that it is a medium that can be used to make art.【范文】Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art.Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record and the photographerʼs creativity isnʼt reflected.However, others are in favor of it.They think photograph is a deliberately created image.All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.B(2024·高考三轮冲刺卷)阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
高考英语二轮复习书面表达专题概要写作精讲(三)课件(25张)
1. 同义替换 - 改变词性：使用抽象名词
If you fail to pass the drug test, we will have to dismiss
2.改变句式（更换主语）
1. Cell phones rob us of our quality time with family members and friends alike.
2. Due to cell phone addiction, kids, couples and friends lack quality time and company from parents, spouses and fellows.
you from your job. Failure to pass the drug test will result in your job dismissal.
Your skin will be burnt if you are exposed to the sun too long. Long exposure to the sun will harm your skin.
The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him.
高考“概要写作”教学课件-2025届高三英语上学期二轮复习专项
• 5. Prepare the first draft of your summary. b. The first sentence should also be written as a topic sentence
• 七、合并句子
• Wordy: An unexpected problem with the Channel Tunnel is stowaways. The stowaways are mostly illegal immigrants. They are trying to smuggle themselves into England. They cling to train roofs and undercarriages. (4句)
• （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； • （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； • （3）上下文的连贯性； • （4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。
概要写作第五档（21~25分）的要求
• —理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 • —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 • —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。 • 完全使用自己的语言。
什么是 “要点”，什么是“细节”？
• 主旨(thesis): 作者想要表达的核心思想，较为笼统、概括，通 常出现在段落开头或结尾。全文的主旨通过主体段落的要点 (main points)来展开。说明文、议论文的要点通常都是明确表 达的。
• 要点(main ideas/points): 支持主旨的重要观点，通常一个主体 段落有一个要点。
• Concise: Delays and cost overruns plagued construction of the Channel Tunnel. Investors expect to earn profits at last, now that trains pass daily through the tunnel.
上海高考英语二轮专题：概要写作
概要写作1．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below.Say ThanksIf writing thank-you letters is a task you readily dismiss, you aren’t alone. However, saying thanks could be the best gift you can give, to yourself and others.The benefits of gratitude have long been championed in philosophical thinking. In recent years, the science has been catching up: it shows that people who feel most grateful generally get a psychological boost (促进) as a result. They also have greater life satisfaction, fewer visits to the doctor and better sleep. This has led to gratitude being a part of our culture, inspiring an explosion of gratitude journals, in which you record things you are thankful for. It has also led to renewed interest in the neuroscience and psychology of gratitude.However, the benefits of actually expressing this gratitude have received less attention. Now evidence is piling up that shows turning our inner gratitude into action can make our lives even better.For instance, a simple thank you can build relationships, even with strangers. Take people who have received a note of thanks for something they have done from a peer they don’t know. They are more likely to share their contact details with that person in an attempt to continue the relationship than people who receive a note that doesn’t contain thanks. A simple thank you seems to signal interpersonal warmth.But the benefits go further than just strengthening social relationships, they can have an impact on health, too. A study of more than 200 nurses working in two Italian hospitals found that gratitude expressed by patients could protect nurses from burnout. That was especially so in the emergency room, where personal interactions with patients are typically shorter and less rewarding. This positive feedback from patients reduced feelings of exhaustion among nurses, says Mara Martini at the University of Turin, who carried out the work.2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Hugging’s Evolutionary OriginsAfter long stretches of social isolation, many of us are longing for the warmth of a hug. Degges-White, a professor focused on social relationships, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. We’re rewarded with a rush offeel-good hormones that come from a nice embrace.When we hug, our brains release the oxytocin hormone, making us feel connected. This connection and sense of community has an important evolutionary role because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was crucial to survival. Close contact helped build civilization. We may not know what we are getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness. An elbow bump or air greeting are not enough. Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress cushioning” effect that may even protect us from chronic illness and infections.When children don’t experience healthy touch, it can impact their development. Kids who didn’t grow up being held, miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or isolate themselves from those around them. In some cases, the opposite may also be true. Some children may show too much affection, eager for any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.Still, to hug or not to hug? That’s the question right now. According to Degges-White, if you’re both vaccinated, go for it; research has shown that the risk of transmission is extremely low. And if you’re vaccinated but you don’t know for sure whether the person you’re hugging has also been vaccinated, it’s still most likely safe.3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Working Out Worries by WritingAfter his father was driven to the hospital for emergent treatment, 43-year-old Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So, he did one thing that he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Desouvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. “Writing allowed me to face my fear and process my pain,” he says. Psychologists refer to that kind of writing as “expressive writing”. People do it by recording theirdeepest thoughts and feelings. However, different from writing in a journal, expressive writing is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular frustration or challenge.A well-known psychology professor says that hundreds of studies have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing and found it can help reduce pain and improve mood, sleep and memory. It may even help reduce symptoms of various illnesses, and prevent colds and flu.Expressive writing takes effect because translating a painful experience into language allows people to make meaning out of it, some experts say. The process forces them to organize their thoughts and offers a sense of control, thus completing the pursuit of value from such an experience. Another research suggested that during expressive writing, the act of labeling a feeling can lessen the activity relating to nerves in the threat area of the brain. With these nerves relaxed, people can lower the symptoms of their diseases, enhance their appreciation for life, and increase the acceptance of various experiences in their lives.What can’t be ignored is that it shouldn’t be used as a replacement for other medical treatments. And people coping with a severe depression may not find it useful to do on their own, without therapy. Yet, it can be a powerful coping tool for many, in large part because it helps battle against their reluctance to face negative emotions.4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teamwork Doubles the StrengthTeamwork is really important for any class or team to achieve its goals and objectives. Let me give you three reasons why teamwork is advantageous.As individuals, we possess diverse talents, strengths, weaknesses and experiences. A team is like a blanket that weaves what each of us possesses, resulting in an end product that is diverse yet similar. As team members exchange thoughts and experiences, there can be more efficiency and effectiveness at problem-solving. This pooling of talents can also lead to greater innovation and success.Take Leicester City, for example. It won the Premier League in 2016, to the disbelief of many soccer fans. Leicester City, previously regarded as the underdog in the League, displayed surprisingly impressive teamwork that led to its unbelievable victory in soccer history.Next, teamwork helps to increase efficiency and productivity as members share the workload.It reduces the stress on each of us and ensures the completion of tasks within the regulated time frame. When work is distributed and each of us in a team specializes in specific tasks, we can expect greater job satisfaction.And finally, working in a team multiplies learning opportunities. Team members learn from more experienced members who may offer deeper insights and perspectives. Newer members may also contribute new and brave ideas. Besides encouraging the sharing of knowledge and experiences, teamwork also develops soft skills like communication and interpersonal skills. We learn to respect differences in working styles and opinions, and develop trust when working with others.Some may think that working in isolation is more efficient since more time is taken when cooperating with others. For more talented individuals, working alone means being the star of a project — there’s no need to share the success or glory with others. But, the loss of cooperativity that only team effort can generate may also prevent the team from reaching its fullest potential._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Secrets of the ginkgo treeNew research into an incredibly long-lived tree has revealed some of the tricks that help it survive for thousands of years. The ginkgo is a huge, slow-growing tree with fan-shaped leaves, native to China, but planted in parks and gardens across the world. Some of the largest ginkgoes are said to be more than 3,000 years old.In order to discover how these and other trees can live for so long, scientists from the US and China took samples from 34 healthy ginkgoes of various ages. The team studied growth rings in each tree’s trunk, as well as individual cells from the bark (树皮), leaves and seeds. They foundthat 600-year-old trees were just as healthy as 20-year-olds.To learn more, the team then looked in detail at the DNA of nine trees aged between three and 667 years old. At the beginning of a tree’s life, DNA instructs the cells in a seedling (幼苗) to divide frequently so the tree grows rapidly. The cells also make special chemicals to help the young plant survive stressful situations, such as disease and lack of water. As most trees grow older and tougher, their DNA tells the cells to divide more slowly and to make fewer chemical defences.Ginkgoes, however, do things differently. The team found that although their growth eventually slows, both young and old trees make protective chemicals. The secret is maintaining a really healthy defence system. As ginkgoes age, they show no evidence of weakening their ability to defend themselves from stresses. Other trees that live for a long time may have the same ability.For all their defences, though, ginkgoes cannot live forever—they eventually meet with fatal accidents such as fire, disease and storms. While they last, however, these leafy giants are some of the most beautiful trees in the world._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We don’t choose our siblings the way we choose our partners and friends. Of course, we don’t choose our parents either, but they usually make that up to us by accompanying us on the way to adulthood. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents.Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement. However, when a sibling relationship is bad, it can be really bad. Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid involved in self-harm as a teen and developmental problems in adulthood.Whether a person models himself after his siblings or tries to distinguish himself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt positive about each other tended to achieve similar education levels while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental treatment had different educational fortunes. That difference is changeable. On the other hand, following your sibling can be a mistake: teenagers are more likely to be involved in risky behavior if an older sibling did so first.One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. A study of more than one million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack multiplies after a sibling dies of one, due not only to shared DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. The findings make sense: Most of us are different people than we’d have been if our brothers or sisters were never born. 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Does Zoom exhaust you?During the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing has kept people apart physically, more people are logging on to popular video chat platforms to connect with colleagues, family and friends. And as a result, virtual meetings, or “zooming”, have skyrocketed. However, communication professor Jeremy Bailenson, founding director of the Stanford Virtual Human Interaction Lab(VHIL) examined the psychological consequences of spending hours per day on these platforms, warning that those video calls are likely tiring you out.In a normal meeting, people will variously be looking at the speaker, taking notes, or looking elsewhere. But on Zoom calls, everyone is looking at everyone, all the time. A listener is treated nonverbally like a speaker, so even if you don’t speak once in a meeting, you are still looking at faces staring at you. The amount of eye contact is dramatically increased. “Social anxiety of public speaking is one of the biggest fears that exist in our population,” Bailenson said. “When you’re standing up there and everybody’s staring at you, that’s a stressful experience.”Most video platforms show a square of what you look like on camera during a chat, which is unnatural. Bailenson said, “In the real world, if somebody was following you around with a mirror constantly so that you were seeing yourself in a mirror while you were talking to people, making decisions, giving feedback, etc., that would just be crazy.” He cited studies showing that when yousee a reflection of yourself, you are more critical of yourself and there will be negative emotional consequences.Moreover, video chats dramatically reduce our usual mobility.In-person and audio phone conversations allow humans to walk around and move. But with videoconferencing, most cameras have a set field of view, meaning a person has to generally stay in the same spot. Movement is limited in ways that are not natural. “There’s a growing research now that says when people are moving, they’re performing better cognitively,” Bailenson said.8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ever walked to the shops only to find, once there, you’ve completely forgotten what you went for? Or struggled to remember the name of an old friend? For years we’ve accepted that a forgetful brain is as much a part of aging as wrinkles and gray hair. But now a new book suggests that we’ve got it all wrong.According to The Secret Life of the Grown-up Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch, when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s — much later than previously thought.Furthermore, rather than losing many brain cells as we age, we keep them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. For years it’s been assumed that brain, much like the body, declines with age. But the longest, largest study into what happens to people as they age suggests otherwise.This continuing research has followed 6,000 people since 1956, testing them every seven years. It has found that on average, participants performed better on cognitive tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s. Specifically, older people did better on tests of vocabulary, verbal memory (how many words you can remember) and problem solving. Where they performed less well was number ability and perceptual speed — how fast you can push a button when ordered. However, with more complex tasks such as problem-solving and language, we are at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers are now coming up with scientific proof that we do get wiser with age.Neuroscientists are also finding that we are happier with aging. A recent US study foundolder people were much better at controlling and balancing their emotions. It is thought that when we’re younger we need to focus more on the negative aspects of life in order to learn about the possible dangers in the world, but as we get older we’ve learned our lessons and are aware that we have less time left in life: therefore, it becomes more important for us to be happy. 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Plan for Domino Effects on Sustainability GoalsClimate change is causing ever-more-extreme events, from storms and droughts to floods and violent windstorms, and these risks interact across many environmental and social systems. A heatwave can spark forest fires, which lead to air pollution. Drought-wrecked harvests can result in food-price unpredictability.Yet these domino effects are barely considered in most countries’ strategies for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Many countries that are working hard to reach these goals insufficiently consider the impact of extreme weather. Take Germany as an example. Its 2018 strategy on sustainable development runs to 60 pages yet the word ‘disaster’ appears only once. There is no analysis of the consequences of an increase in such events.Although many people are now aware that climate change is making fires, floods, heatwaves and storms more frequent, more severe or both, this knowledge isn’t changing policy or research enough. Part of the problem is perception. Future disasters feel unreal to decision-makers, as we’ve experienced with so many governments’ lack of pandemic preparedness, despite years of warning that something similar to COVID-19 was a case of when, not if. Other obstacles are inadequate national and international governance, and communication challenges. The research community has not yet provided effective guidance.As a consequence, many efforts to achieve the SDGs will, like a house of cards, fall at the first shaking. Our global efforts need to be much more vigorous to the changing and interconnected nature of risk in a warming world.What now? Researchers must create models that are more understandable and useful to policymakers. When possible, SDG targets and indicators should be redesigned to capture weakness to heatwaves, fires, droughts, floods, hurricanes, mudslides and more. And politicians need to be convinced to invest in precautionary measures and adaptation._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Is Littering a Surprisingly Big Issue?Compared with the blindingly obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat -- but it’s more pressing than we may think.If you were to throw, say, a banana peel (香蕉皮) out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit --right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of abandoned banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading period, more than 120 tons ofcigarette-related litter is abandoned in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s rat population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 per cent.It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out £500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you littered something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not leavingrubbish where it ought not to be. We need a pride makeover, and we need to truly care more about the world around us._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________参考答案1．Gratitude has long been revered by philosophical thinking, and in recent years the physical and psychological benefits of gratitude have sparked renewed interest in neuroscience and the psychology of gratitude. But now there is growing evidence that gratitude can turn our inner gratitude into action. Not only can it strengthen social relationships and transmit interpersonal warmth, but also it can have an positive impact on our health, which is bound to make our life better.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
浙江专用2017届高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作训练专题三概要写作
专题三概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and beganorganizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched theyoung employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman wasfinished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much itmeant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。
专题13 概要写作 高考英语二轮复习练案(教师版)
专题13 概要写作概要写作--讲•练•测---练案时间：30分钟满分：301.（2021·浙江温州市·高三二模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Feeling hungry? If you're feeling starved, what is the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious but possibly unhealthy food. And our increasingly busy life adds to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to our home.Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desire at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient. This is especially the case during the recent coronavirus crisis, when people stuck at home with nothing to cook or lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It's calculated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants. Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at You Goy, told the BBC that its research “suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future.”It's no wonder we are tempted (诱惑) to skip the grocery shopping, avoid the kitchen, and tuck into (大口吃) something that someone else has prepared. But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain diseases. Children and adolescents who eat fast food at least three times a week are more likely to develop eczema, according to one study. Eczema is a skin condition that causes patches of itchy skin.Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier. Yet, that's far from enough. The best advice you might want to take is to find a recipe book and try making your own meal.【答案】If you're feeling starved, what is the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our desire at the push of a button. It's no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, avoid the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared. Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier. The best advice you might want to take is to find a recipe book and try making your own meal.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
浙江高考英语二轮复习专题限时集训4概要写作训练
专题限时集训(四) 概要写作训练2A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右内容概要。
Peter loved to shop used articles.Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，the salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.〞Peter examined the box and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factorysealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.“You should put that up for auction(拍卖) on the Internet，and see what happens，〞the salesgirl said.“Yes，you're right.People like something rare，〞Peter agreed.“I can't imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.〞“Don't forget to tell me if you sell it，〞the salesgirl smiled.“No problem，〞Peter said.After he got home，Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game.But he couldn't find it.Then hetyped in the name of the word game and hit search.The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game.Over the years，the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors.He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.Peter emailed some of them，telling them what he had.Two weeks later，Peter went back to the shop.“Hello.Do you still remember the unopened word game？〞The salesgirl looked at him for a second，then recognized him and said，“Oh，hi！〞“I've got something for you，〞Peter said.“I sold the game and made $1，000.Thank you for your suggestion.〞He handed her three $100 bills.“Wow！〞the salesgirl cried out.“Thank you.I never expected it.〞【写作指导】通读所给文章可知，本文属于记叙文。
高考英语大二轮复习 第四部分 写作 专题三 语篇写作 第2讲 图表作文课件
第4部分 写作
专题三 语篇写作
第三讲 图HENG XIAN 根据写作指导完成下面写作任务 [2015·江苏高考]请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
写作内容：1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容； 2．结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因； 3．根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两 点)。 写作要求：1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．不必写标题。 评分标准：内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
连词成句——注意紧扣题目要求，列出要点。 (一)完成句子 1．The traffic issue isa_h_a_r_d_n_u__t _to__cr_a_c_k__. 交通问题是一个棘手的问题。 2．Ita_f_fe_c_t_s_o_u_r_e_v_e_r_y_d_a_y_l_if_e_ and mayt_h_r_e_a_te_n__p_eo_p_l_e_'s__li_v_es______. 这影响了我们的日常生活并威胁到人们的生命。 3．_Q_u_i_t_e_a_f_e_w__th_i_n_g_s_ give rise to the traffic problem. 相当多的情况产生了交通问题。 4．Although _la_r_g_e_-s_c_a_r_e_r_o_a_d_s_a_n_d_h_i_g_h_w_a_y_s_____ have been built, _t_h_er_e__is_s_ti_l_l m__u_c_h_r_o_o_m__f_or__im__p_r_ov_e_m__en__t __ 尽管大量公路和高速路已经建成，但仍有很大的改善空间。
山东省新高考英语大二轮总复习第四板块写作第三部分概要写作教案
第三部分概要写作[浙江卷三年考情分析]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot ofpraise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their acplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the oute, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize ou r children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the oute can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a casebycase basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [范文欣赏]Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. However, no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.[名师点评]本文的要点可以归纳如下：要点1，如今，父母总是给孩子们太多的赞扬，希望增强他们的自信，但是这可能会产生相反的效果；要点2，然而，父母不表扬他们的孩子同样有损孩子的自信心；要点3，因此，专家认为，父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子，而不是因为事情的结果；要点4，同时，孩子如果做事尽职尽责，确实值得被赞扬。
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专题三概要写作Writing 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the change.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindnes s and patience and how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。
就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。
【参考范文】The passage tells us an experience of shopping.(要点1)One day，the author with two children went to Target for shopping.(要点2)While waiting in line，she found an old lady was troublesome，but the young employee treated her patiently.(要点3)Seeing that，the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.(要点4)Writing 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Sugars are popular in the processed food industry because they add taste，colour and thickness to food products. The studies have shown that sugars can provide a source of energy.The body breaks down the sugar into simple forms that can be readily used in the body.But too much sugar can contribute to health problems like obesity and tooth disease.Having too much sugar is not the only reason for obesity or being overweight，but it does add to the amount of kilojoules in food.Eating too much of any food，without doing enough exercise，will cause you to become overweight.Governments in the United States and United Kingdom are waging a war on sugar in the interests of public health.Both countries claim that the overconsumption of sugar by much of the population is harmful to people’s health.On Thursday，the U．ernment issued new dietary guidelines that strongly recommend people receive less than 10 per cent of their daily calorie intake from added sugar.On the same day，British Prime Minister David Cameron said he has not ruled out the idea of atax on sugar to encourage consumers to buy food with reduced levels of the sweet.Politicians in the U．K.are debating how a reduction in the intake of sugar could help reduce Britain’s rising rates of obesity.The American and British governments both refer to a study conducted in Mexico that showed a tax on sugary，carbonated drinks led to a reduction in consumption.The tax was carried out on January 1，2014 and purchases of the taxed drinks went down by 12 per cent by December of that year.Sales of mineral water increased by 4 per cent over the same period.An alternative to taxing sugared drinks is to reduce the level of sugar in them.Researchers at Queen Mary University in London say that reducing the sugar content in sugar－sweetened drinks by 40 percent over five years could prevent one million cases of obesity in the U．K.Researchers say people might not even notice the changes.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人体摄入过多糖分会影响健康。