大学英语修辞学第十章
现代大学英语第五册修辞总结
高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing ofa bull)L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.(comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of one’s ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;wealth vs. poverty (economic);comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.forces of power demanding change(present participle)forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed… and anemic.power without love is reckless and abusivelove without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best… against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justicejustice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.the absence of vs. a want ofworldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.I have seen too much hateI’ve seen too much hate onI’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…The armies of… are marshaled against it.The legions of… will march against it.L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.a novelist’s characters hope for immortalitya profile journalist’s for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.(disrespect) for powerorthodoxiesparty linesideologies…;that I would like to celebratethat I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.(slipping and sliding)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
大学英语修辞
大学英语修辞1) Simile：(明喻）2) Metaphor：(暗喻）3) Analogy: (类比）4) Personification: (拟人）5) Hyperbole: (夸张）6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）8) Metonymy (转喻）9) Synecdoche (提喻）10) Antonomasia (换称）11) Pun: (双关语）12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙）13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）14) Irony: (反语）15) Innuendo: (暗讽）16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）17) Paradox: (隽语）18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）19) Antithesis: (对照）20) Epigram: (警句）21) Climax: (渐进）22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）24) Transferred Epithet: (一就修饰语）25) Alliteration: (头韵）26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
包括: a) Onomatopoeia(拟声) 是模仿事物发出的声响,如：Presently there came theclick of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声咯咯地传了过来。
b) Alliteration(头韵) 就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；如：Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
大学英语写作修辞
大学英语写作修辞英语写作中对于修辞手法的巧妙运用，可不是大学生的专利，任何一个学习英语的人都可以做到。
下面是店铺给大家整理的大学英语写作修辞，供大家参阅!大学英语写作中修辞手法的运用修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。
但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。
因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。
对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。
对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。
1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。
如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。
1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。
)2)如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。
)3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth inthe statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。
现代英语修辞学
普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材现代英语修辞学Moder n English Rhetor ic胡曙中编著上海外语教育出版社图书在版编目(CIP)数据现代英语修辞学/胡曙中编著.—上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004ISBN7-81095-185-8Ⅰ.现…Ⅱ.胡…Ⅲ.英语修辞教材Ⅳ.H315中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2004)第014498号早在1982年,我的导师杨小石先生有意要编一本适合我国英语专业使用的英语修辞学教材,为此,他邀请了包括我在内的三位教师一起参加编写,我们商定了编写大纲,也作了具体的分工。
我当时只有35岁,对编写这么一本教材的困难程度并不清楚,但却凭着一股劲,居然勉强地完成了自己那一部分,但是由于他们未能完成自己的部分,我的那一部分最后也就不了了之了。
从那时到现在,时间过去了20多年。
在这20多年中,我读了一些书,作了一些研究,从《英汉修辞比较研究》、《美国新修辞学》到《英语修辞学》,我走了过来。
坦诚地说,前面走过的路不都是一步一个脚印的,但就在这步履艰难的过程中,我逐渐知道了什么是英语修辞,知道了如何来阐释和应用英语修辞。
现在奉献给大家的这本《现代英语修辞学》,承蒙教育部和有关专家的厚爱,被确定为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。
我把这本书写成一本英语修辞学的入门书,是想回答许多学生提出的问题:“什么是英语修辞学?”“英语修辞学是不是就是研究英语写作?”“英语修辞学是英语专业的课程,还是语言学的课程?”我希望我的这本书能较为满意地回答这些问题。
在这儿,我想概括一下本书的各章内容和目的:第0章导论解释英语修辞的种种意义,并说明本书的目的———对英语修辞现象的描述、应用和阐释第1章影响修辞活动的要素论述信息、使用场合、受话者之间的关系,说明语气如何反映其间的关系第2章词汇的修辞描述英语选字遣词的修辞规律及其应用第3章句子的修辞描述英语连词组句的修辞规律及其应用第4章 段落的修辞 描述英语段落构成的修辞规律及其应用第5章 语篇的修辞 描述英语语篇构成的修辞规律及其应用第6章 语篇的种类 描述语篇的种类及其特点第7章 语体 描述作为修辞活动综合体的语体特征第8章 修辞手段 描述修辞布局和辞格的规律第9章 理论阐释 简述主要的英语修辞理论第10章 传统与发展 回顾英语修辞学的传统,预测其发展本书主要适合英语专业高年级学生和研究生使用。
(完整word版)高级英语上册1-10课修辞
Figures of speech：rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche，anticlimax, metonymy，repetition，exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody。
periodic sentence irovy etc。
Lesson11）You pass from the heat and glare of a big，open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see，losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares，of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously，and of would—be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy。
——parallel construction3）Bargaining is the order of the day,and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop，selecting,pricing,and doing a little preliminary bargainging before they narrow dowen their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4）It grows louder and more distinct，until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers。
大学英语修辞手法总结
大学英语修辞手法总结大学英语修辞手法总结大学英语都有哪些修辞手法呢？下面四小编整理的大学英语修辞手法总结，欢迎阅读！大学英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的') objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）：It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite ofhyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Solipsism: (一语双叙） It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here we are used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting, and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, the sun shall not burn you by day or the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. Forexample more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said.For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) toanother to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance,I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement。
英语修辞学第二版课后答案
英语修辞学第二版课后答案1、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)2、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about3、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the4、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)5、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a6、It’s usually windy in spring, ______ you can see lots of people flying kites.（）[单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. orC. butD. for7、I usually read English _______ six o’clock _______ six thirty in the morning. [单选题] *A. from;?atB. from; to(正确答案)C. at; atD. at; to8、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work9、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her10、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time11、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like12、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for13、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)14、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /15、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take16、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] *A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in17、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out18、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a19、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to20、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a21、He often comes to work early and he is _______ late for work. [单选题] *A. usuallyB. never(正确答案)C. oftenD. sometimes22、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up23、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道24、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions25、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding26、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion27、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it28、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean29、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to30、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which。
高级英语2第十课修辞总结
高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。
在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。
比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。
2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。
3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。
4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。
以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。
2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。
3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。
4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。
同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。
因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。
【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
大学英语写作讲座一：修辞PPT课件
1. Figures of Speech Semantically ( 语义修辞) 1. 1 明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语
指出两个不同事物的相似之处
➢ That boy is as dumb as an oyster
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1.9 夸张（hyperbole）
运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观 事物，以达到强调的效果。
➢ My blood froze.
➢When I told our father about this, his heart burst.
➢My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.
➢ Intelligence is like a river. The deeper it is the less noise it makes.
➢ He jumped as if he had been stung.
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1. 2暗喻 (metaphor)：
用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外 一个事物 .
➢ Good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
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1.10 矛盾修饰 (oxymoron)
浅析《大学英语》中常用英语修辞格
浅析《大学英语》中常用英语修辞格浅析《大学英语》中常用英语修辞格一些语言和文章之所以流传广泛，经久不衰，是因为它们极有表现力，其中不乏准确恰当的修辞手段，从而使文章更加形象生动、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜。
本文根据《大学英语》中出现的最常见的几种修辞格加以分析，希望有助于大家在学习英语的过程中能够恰当地选择修辞手段来丰富自己的表达。
明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though 等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.（他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。
）在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样，生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。
●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
) 《礼物》一文中，老太太喜迎八十大寿，大女儿不来庆祝，只寄来一张支票。
作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟，形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭，极度伤心的心情。
暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? （如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？) 形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
第十课高级英语修辞 外加解释
第十课高级英语修辞外加解释: Metaphor:& my case would snowball into...& our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.& The street ...sprouted with ...& … had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities: Hyperbole:& The trial that rocked the world: Transferred epithet& Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.: Antithesis& The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist belie ves that he must have come from below.: Assonance:& when bigots lighted faggots to burn...: Repetition:& The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...: Pun:& Darwin is right --- inside.: A pun is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.: a. Words or phrases having two or more distinct meanings. Homonyms. : Oxymoron: formed by conjoining of two contrasting terms.& Malone called my conviction a "victorious defeat".& bitter sweet memories& proud humility& orderly chaosa damned saint: Irony& marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Hiroshima---the liveliest city in the worl。
英语修辞学(打印版)
英语修辞手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
大学英语教材中常见的英语修辞
大学英语教材中常见的英语修辞摘要：英语修辞在大学英语教材中是一项重要的内容。
因为有些修辞用法相似，所以很难区别。
现以大学英语教材中常见的四种修辞为例并介绍它们的特征以及如何区分。
关键词：英语修辞；明喻；暗喻；拟人；委婉语1 明喻（simile）明喻是表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有 as（如）， like（像）， seem（似乎）， as if（好像）， as though（好像）， such as（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是"A is like B"或"A is as…as B"。
例如：（1）Her eyes were blue as flowers，and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive.她的眼睛碧蓝，如花似玉。
她身穿浅绿色套装，犹如春天一般生机盎然。
（Unit 5 Text A，New College English 1）课文中作者把霍利思·梅奈尔小姐的青春活力和春天万物欣欣向荣联系起来。
（2）Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.（E.B.White）被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果——纷纷坠落。
（3）We feel as if we've been faxed.（Unit 7 Text A，New College English 4）太热了，我们觉得自己被传真过似的。
请注意下面这句话：Jim looks like his brother Billy.吉姆和他的兄弟比利长得很像。
这句话就不是明喻：这里把两件相同的事物（两个人）做比较。
2 暗喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
现代大学英语精读5修辞
● 1. Alliteration 头韵● 2. Allusion 引喻● 3. Anaphora 首语重复法● 4. antithesis对偶● 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称● 6. Chiasmus 交错法●7. Hyperbole 夸张●8. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻●9. metonymy借喻,转喻●10. oxymoron 反意法,逆喻●11. Repetition 重复，反复●12. Paradox 隽语●13. Parallelism 排比, 平行●14. Pun 双关●15. Simile 明喻●16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法，兼用法●17. Synecdoche 提喻●18. transferred epithet移就●19. Irony反语Where do we go from hereAntithesis●Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should bereconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)●As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5)●Psychological freedom ......physical slavery (para5)●And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and powerhave usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites--so that love isidentified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7) ●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into brighttomorrows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)●There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed intothe fatigue of despair.(para26)●......and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)Metaphor●To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of hisown Olympian manhood.(para5)●Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weaponagainst the long night of physical slavery.(para5)●The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his ownbeing and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)●Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discriminationwhen they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13) Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)●He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocksthe door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)●We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21) ●America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia ofdeeds. (para. 25)●Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that ……(para. 25)●……shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25)●……slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)●There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.(para26)●When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, ...... (para.27)●......working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27) Chiasmas●What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive,and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is loveimplementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.(para9)Simile●It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remainsecurely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)●......justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.(para. 25)Parallel struture●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs inthe South. I've seen hate on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)Paradox●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●......a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)Anaphora●And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concernedabout justice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19)●So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a"divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope arebrought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity toparticipate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration●Let us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses agovernor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied.And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration allusion●When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.●Metaphor●paradox●antithesisTwo kinds●Simile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set. (para21 )2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of garbage cans. (para 38 )4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para 60 )6. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)●8. …… as if she were blowing away like a sm all brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.(para 76)Oxymoron1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53)●Alliteration.Chinatown’s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (para 42 )Irony1.You lucky you don’t have this problems, said Auntie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )Hyperbole1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)Metaphor1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )Ridicule1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para 6 ) SyllepsisThe lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)Allusion●I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)Metaphor●Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knotsbetween …… (para 2)●…. will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)●Metaphor●Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para7)●We borrowed an American box. (para 8)●Earl y on I realized……some type of compass to guide me through the wilds ofglobal culture.Metonymy●……and suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5)●…… to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6)●Antonomasia●……at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s UpperWest Side. (para 14)Professions for Women●Synecdoche● 1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent,shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2 )Metonymy● 1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )2. I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2)Metaphor● 1.The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of afisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )2.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 )Lesson Seven Invisible ManMetaphor● 1.It took me……and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to…….(p1)● 2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us…… (para 7)● 3. ……I had suddenly found myself in a dark room filled with poisonouscottonmouths. (para 11)Simile●It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)● 1.About eighty-five years……separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)● 2.The young children……on the wick like the old man’s breathing.(p2)● 3.The hair was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)● 4. ……firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)● 5. ……and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew …… (para 7)6. the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)●7.In my mind……as bright as flame.(para10)●8.For in those days……like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)●9. But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)10.My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)●11.The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs……(p21)●12. ……testing the smoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitivesnails. (para. 21)13. A blow to my head……like a jack-in-the-box……(p27)●14. A hot, violent force……like a wet rat.(p38)●15. some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)●16. glistening like a ci rcus seal,……(para 40)●17.Suddenly I saw……twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by manyflies.(p40)●18.I was careful……like a cloud of foul air……(p42)●19.Seeing their fingers……as a fumbled football……(p45)●20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)●21.But still……a s though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)●22. The laugher hung smoke……like in the sudden stillness.(p70)● 3. Alliteration● 1. I want you……to death and destruction……(p2)● 2. Some of the other……slipping and sliding……(p9)4.Transferred epithet● 1.We were a small……with anticipatory sweat……(p6)● 2.But now I……of blind terror.(p10)● 3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of……(p25)5. Irony● 1.What powers of endurance……! What enthusiasm!(p55)Simile● 1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting theflesh. (para.1 line 7)● 2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)● 3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and…, lay upon her shoulders and againsther breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)● 4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch.(para.11 line 1)● 5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para14)Lesson 9 Metaphor● 1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summerthe prairi e is an anvil’s edge.(para1 line4)● 2. The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods anddeep cleavages of shade. (para.6 line 3)● 3. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain.(Para 7 line 1)● 4. The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon thegrain like water, dividing light. (para.7 line5)● 5. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;● 6. They must wean their blood from……..(para 7 )●Alliteration1. The grass turns brittle and brown.(para.1 line 6)● 2. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory andpecan, willow and witch hazel.(para1.line7)● 3. Great green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the ………(p ara1line9)● 4. …but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (para6 line5)● 5. There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodninght herd.(para 9 line 9)6. So exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. (para10 line 8)●7. But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitationupon the syllables of sorrow. (para10 line 14)●8. The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s home when I was a childwere made of lean and leather. (para.12 line 6)●9. Full of jest and gesture , fright and false alarm. They went abroad in fringedand flowered shawls. ( para 12 4)Pun●It was a long journey toward the dawn. (para 4)●……for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. (para 4)。
大学英语中的修辞手法
大学英语中常见的修辞手法1 明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，使人可见可感可悟，把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。
例如：Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2 暗喻(the metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。
本体和喻体之间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.（我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。
）(第二册第三单元课文A)Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧，孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。
英语修辞高级英语课文修辞
一、明喻（simile）
• 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
•
四、拟人（personification）
•
• •
这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类 妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for ajob again. 我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工
九、拟声（onomatcpocia）
•
•
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕 叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt—— sunlight，the rustling of silk，the noises of insects，thecreaking of a door，the voice of a loved one.
•
“Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位 士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥 的两次战役。
九、拟声（onomatcpocia）
• 是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和 所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言 显得 生动，富有表现力。 • 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softlycooing.
《英语修辞学》第十章
What happened to a dream deferred (postponed)? Like a raisin (葡萄干) in the sun? Or fester (化脓) like a sore? Does it stink like a rotten meat?
Page 7
In terms of structure, simile is divided into: closed
simile and open simile.
According to the comparative words, simile is divided into: “like”, “as”, “as…as”, “as…, so…”, “may (might) as well…as”, “as if/ though”, “what”, “more…than”, “remind of”, “compare...to…”, “resemble”, etc.. E.g. I am hungry as a horse.
Page 14
Believe it or not, you use metaphors and similes every day of your life! Some words are metaphors all by themselves.
• 10.6 Personification
• 10.7 Parody •ithet
Page 2
10.1 Simile
(1)Definition
Two concepts or two similar things are imaginatively and descriptively compared because they have at least one quality or characteristic in common or in resemblance. The commonest connectives are “like” and “as”. It is one of the commonest figures of speech in English.
大学英语修辞学第十章
1) We often joked about his passionate love for his daughter, his cat and his ashtray. 2) Where shall I find hope, happiness, friends, cigarettes? 3) He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.
假话全不说，真话不全说。—季羡林 君子和而不同，小人同而不和。 有德者必有言，有言者不必有德。仁者必有勇，勇者不必有 仁。—《论语》 今生我是谁? 来生谁是我？ 生时为谁名？死后名为谁 ?—网贴
1. One verb + two nouns 1) We ate a bun and a glass of milk. 2) Mrs. Packletide had already arranged in her mind the lunch..., with a tiger-skin occupying most of the foreground, and all the conversation. (Saki) 2. One adjective + two or more nouns 1) They went to the graveyard with weeping eyes and hearts. 2) It is much better to have a patched jacket than to have a patched character. 3. One preposition + two or more nouns. 1) She was dressed in a maid's cap, a pinafore, and a bright smile. 2) All of his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook.
现代大学英语5册修辞解释(1、4、5、9四单元)
1. Where do we go from here?<1>,as long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.Antithesis: mind vs. body; enslaved vs. free. 对仗手法<2>psychological freedom is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.Metaphor: comparing the long history of slavery to a long night. The word” night”is used here to indicate a period of darkness and gloom, a period of moral degeneration.<3>,love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love.Antithesis:the speaker works on the two words ”love”and “power”in order to bring out the contrast.<4>what is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic.Parallel structure<5>power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.Parallel structure<6>wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.Metaphor<7>it is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.Simile<9>without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don’t solve answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.Paradox and parallel structure<10>you may murder a murder but you cannot murder murderAntithesis and parallel structure<11> and I have seen too much hate… too great a burden to bear.Parallel<12>we are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace.Metaphor<13> let us be dissatisfied…①parallel structure②antithesis: Dark yesterday vs. bright tomorrow③metaphor and simile④biblical allusion( 典故)⑤anaphora(首语重复法)<14>there will be those methods when the buoyancy(浮力，轻快的心情) of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.Antithesis<15> when our days become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantism mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice.①metaphor ②antithesis ③paradox4. Professions for womenMetaphor（暗喻）（1）killing the angel in the house（2）The process of fishing is compared to the process of creative writing.(58页中间) （3）Not only space for living,but also space for creative activity. Here a room is compared to freedom,while the house is compared to the whole society.（58页下面）Metonymy（转喻）“the White House”for “the president”, “the crown”for “the king”or for “the queen”5. Love is a fallacy<1>it is not often that one so young has such a giant intellectHyperbole夸张<2>it is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Antithesis对仗对偶,“beautiful dumb”and “smart”are balanced against “ugly smart” and “beautiful”<3>back and forth his head swiveled旋转, desire waxing, resolution waningAntithesis对仗对偶, “desire waxing” is balanced against “resolution waning”<4>… he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coatHyperbole,夸张it’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”<5>I will wander the face of earth, s shambling, and hollow-eyed hulkHyperbole（夸张）1. Metaphor(para.5) a giant intellect (para.34) the field would be open(para.61) the size of my task (para.78) a wave of despair(para.98) the extinct crater in her mind; embers; flame(para.118) a glimmer of intelligence (para.138) the tide of panic3.metonymy 转喻(para20) My brain, the precision instrument, slipped into high gear.The precision instrument my brain is compared to an instrumentGear my brain is compared to a machine.4. antithesis 对仗对偶(para27) It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dump girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.Smart dump; beautiful ugly(para.50) …desire waxing; resolution waning5.alliteration 押头韵(para.23) …let my heart rule my head(para.50) …desire waxing; resolution waning6.parallelism 排比(para.25-para.27) Beautiful she was. Gracious she was. Intelligent she was not7. Hyperbole夸张(para.42) he repeated fifteen of twenty times8. Parody仿拟:(para.53) “What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?”---“Hamlet”第二幕第二场:”What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?”(para.97) a logic-proof head e.g. water-proof; dust-proof; shock-proof9.allusion 用典Pygmalion: the sculpture loved by his creatorFrankenstein: the creature who destroyed his creator10.Simile(para.147) bellowing like a bull9. The way to rainy mountainMetaphor…and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge. (paragraph 1)personificationAt a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost writhe in fire. (paragraph 1)Simile…popping up like corn to sting the flesh. (paragraph 1)synecdoche metaphorMy grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years, but she must have known from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors. (paragraph 3)Metonymy…and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. (paragraph 4)SimileThe skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade. (paragraph 6)AlliterationThis is a perfect freedom in the mountains, but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (paragraph 6)The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness. (paragraph 6)SimileThe great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light. (paragraph 7)Simile…they could see the dark lees of the hills at dawn across the Bighorn River, the profusion of light on the grain shelves, the oldest deity ranging after the solstices. (paragraph 7) simile personificationAt the top of a ridge I caught sight of Devil’s Tower upthrust against the gray sky as if in the birth of time the core of the earth had broken through its crust and the motion of the world was begun. (paragraph 8)MetonymyThere are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man; Devil’s Tower is one of them. (paragraph 8)Synecdoche MetonymyThere, in a very little while, wood takes on the appearance of great age. (paragraph 11) Synecdoche MetaphorThe windowpanes are black and opaque; you imagine there is nothing within, and indeed there are many ghosts, bones given up to the land. (paragraph 11)AlliterationThe aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s house when I was a child were made of lean and leather and they bore themselves upright.Metonymy…the scars of old and cherished enmities (paragraph 12)…battles that took place in the past and were remembered fondly by those old warriors Metaphor PersonificationNow there is a funeral silence in the rooms, the endless wake of some final word. (paragraph 14)SimileMy line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (paragraph 14) Synecdoche metaphorThere, where it ought to be, at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’s grave. Here and there on the dark stones were ancestral names. Looking back once, I saw the mountain and came away.。
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❖ Climax is widely employed by speakers and writers. In persuasive speech or writing, it is extremely effective in stirring up feelings and emotions:
❖ 1) We often joked about his passionate love for his daughter, his cat and his ashtray.
❖ 2) Where shall I find hope, happiness, friends, cigarettes?
or sentences in ascending order of importance. ❖ Ideas arranged in such a way develop gradually,
like climbing a ladder, each idea outweighing the preceding one until reaching the summit. ❖ 彼采葛兮，一日不见，如三月兮。 ❖ 彼采萧兮，一日不见，如三秋兮。 ❖ 彼采艾兮，一日不见，如三岁兮。—《诗经》
❖ 1) It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; to scourge him is a crime; to put him to death is almost parricide. (Cicero)
❖ 2) We do not retreat. We are not content to stand still. As Americans, we go forward, in the service of our country, by the will of God. (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
nor humor, but emphasis, e.g. ❖ For God, for America, and for Yale. ❖ Religion, credit and the eye are not to be
touched. (proverb)
9.3 Syllepsis一语双叙
❖ In Greek, “taking together” ❖ It is a way of using words in which one word
❖ I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American. (with simploce)
❖ Having power makes totalitarian leadership isolated; isolation breeds insecurity; insecurity breeds suspicion and fear; suspicion and fear breed violence. (with anadiplosis)
❖ The bomb co the new cinema, several dozen houses and my dustbin.
❖ “a sudden drop from the dignified or important thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, sometimes for humorous effect” (Webster’s New World Dictionary);
❖ A climax usually consists of three or more parts
and is used together with other figures of speech.
❖ I came, I saw, I conquered. (with anaphora.)
❖ Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (with parallelism)
9.2 Anticlimax 渐降/层降
❖ Anticlimax involves stating one’s thought in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light , from the sublime to the ridiculous.
❖ 3) He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.
❖ Anticlimax sometimes needs only two steps of descends, e.g.
❖ -- O dear! O dear! What shall I do? ❖ I have lost my beau and lipstick too. ❖ Sometimes, it is not to create satire nor ridicule
Chapter 9 Syntactic Figures of Speech
(II)
9.1 Climax 渐升/层进/递进法
❖ Climax comes from Greek meaning “ladder.” ❖ It is the arrangement of words, phrases, clauses