高中英语完形填空整体分析和答题技巧

一、常见体裁

（一）记叙文——情节性

1、特点：故事性、情节性、理解较容易。

2、明确六个要素：时间、地点、人物、故事的发生、发展和结局。

3、核心：故事的展开。

4、做题：明确事件内容、理清故事发展线索。

（二）说明文——条理性

了解主题明确条理是关键。认知过程从段落、分层次、分要点等逐步展开。

（三）议论文——逻辑性

了解观点（论点）和论据（道理）。阐述观点，自圆其说（正反双方），环环相扣，表达严谨。

（四）常见题材

社会生活、人物传记、科技文化、历史地理、政治经济。因此考生平时要广闻博览、针对性阅读，丰富阅读面。

二、题目设计特点

（一）首句不设空

（二）上下文逻辑关系

完形填空不仅考察词汇、搭配、语法等独立知识，而且还考察它们不同语境下构成的相应意义。做完形填空试题时必须首先明确上下文的的逻辑关系和意义。

1、因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore,for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that, due to,owing to…

2、列举：for instance, for example, that is , namely,specifically, one example is , such as…

3、递进：not only…but also,,,. as well as,

moreover,besides, and, neither…nor…, both…and…

4、比较：compare with / to, like, in the same way,similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast…

5、对比：although, while, but, but at the same time,despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on th e other hand, regardless, still, though,yet…

6、转折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless,whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,in spite of…

7、强调：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, infact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course…

8、条件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as longas…

9、时间：after that, from now on, next, fromthen on, first, then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since,since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until,immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far, when…

10、空间：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across,between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,nearto, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left…

11、顺序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equallyimportant, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the firstplace, last, moreover, next, second, still, too…

12、总结：in short, in a word, to sum up, inconclusion, in othe r words, in summary, on the whole…

（三）语义干扰

设置语义干扰可以在有限篇幅尽可能地多考察知识点、语言点，全面考查语言功底和语言运用能力。

1.词义相近

例1：Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should15repeating inlectures material that is in the textbook. “Once we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.”

A) refuse B) prohibit

C) prevent D) avoid

例2：Friendship appears to be a unique form of human bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by8.

A) discipline B) law

C) rule D) regulation

2.词性相同

We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to89in a difficult language.

A) telling B) uttering

C) saying D) speaking

3.词形相近

Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be easily connected to loss of international74.

A) competitiveness B) comprehension

C) community D) commitment

4.语法结构

…but a bird has a single alarm cry,75means“danger!”