强 调(三级语法)

强调

强调（emphasis）就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。在书面英语中，一是通过加上某些强调词或通过某些强调句型来表示，二是通过改变句子的正常词序也就是倒装来表示的。

1.强调句型“It is / was…that / who / whom…

当被强调部分为sb.，可用who/whom, 也可用that，其它情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。

例如:

A）Tom does the experiment in the factory everyday.汤姆每天在工厂里做实验。

B）It is Tom who (that) does experiment in the factory eve ryday.是汤姆每天在工厂里做实验。（强调主语）

C）It is the experiment that Tom does in the factory everyday.汤姆每天在工厂里做的是实验。（强调宾语）

D）It is in the factory that Tom does the experiment everyday.汤姆每天是在工厂里做实验。（强调状语）

E）It is everyday that Tom does experiment in the factory.汤姆是每天在工厂里做实验。（强调状语）

2. 强调句型对状语进行强调须注意

1) 强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when, where, why 或how。

It was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. (强调地点状语)

It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (强调程度状语)

It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. (强调方式状语)

It was three years ago that I came to this school. (强调时间状语)

It was on Monday night that all this happened.这一切是发生在星期一晚上。

It was because he was ill that he didn't go to school.他是因并而没来上学的。

It was in a different way that they played the game.他们比赛的方式是不同的。

It was not until 11 o'clock last night that my father returned.我父亲昨夜直到11点才回来。

2) as，since和though等引导的原因、让步、结果等状语从句，不能用这种句型。

例1对句：As he had no car, he stayed at home.

错句：It was as he had no car that he stayed at home.

因为没有车，他就呆在家里。

例2对句：Although they are poor, they are generous.

错句：It is although they are poor that they are generous.

虽然他们穷，但他们慷慨。

3) 对"not...until..."结构的强调，要用"It is/was not until...that..."

这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如：

1.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was

a famous film star.

4) .使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。

例1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (强调句型)

It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)

例2) It was at 3 o'clock that they came back. (强调句型)

It was 3 o'clock when they came back. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)

例3) It is for three hours that they have been back. (强调句型)

It was three hours before they came back. (before引导时间状语从句，it 表示时间)

It is three hours since they came back. (since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)

再如：It was raining when they came back.

It is true that he once went to Canada.

It is a surprise that Mary should have won the first prize.

5).强调含有定语从句的主、宾、状语时，要确定好强调标志"that"的位置。如：

Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?

It was in the shop which was opened last month that he bought the book.

It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book.

Was it in 1982 when you were in college that you got to know her?

6) 强调句型的疑问句型

a. 强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it...that/who...?

Is it you who often help the old woman with her housework ?

Was it in her fifties that Mary began to learn Russian ?

Was it at a theatre that Abraham Lincoln was shot ?

b. 强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it that...？注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。

例1： When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？

例2：Why is it that he doesn’t like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？

例3：Who was it that invented the telephone?

例4 :How was it that they managed to finish the work in such a short time ?

例5Where was it that you found the lost child ?