现在完成时精讲精华版讲解学习
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现在完成时精讲精华
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现在完成时专项讲解
一、构成:现在完成时由“have/has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。
现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式(以动词study为例):
肯定式:I (You)have studied.
He(She, It) has studied.
We(You, They) have studied.
否定式I(You) have not/haven’t studied.
He(She, It)has not/hasn’t studied.
We(You, They) have not/ haven’t studied.
疑问式:Have I( you ) studied?
Yes, you (I) have./No, you (I) haven’t.
Has he (she, it) studied?
Yes, he(she,it) has./No, he(she, it) hasn’t.
Have we(you, they) studied?
Yes, you (we, they) have.
No, you (we, they) haven’t.
二、动词的过去分词:规则与不规则
规则动词的过去时构成形式:
(1)一般情况选在动词原形末尾加ed.
(2)结尾是不发音字母e的动词加d.
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed.
(4)结尾是辅音字母加y 的动词,先变y为I,再加ed
请用两个单词分别写现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句。
I have written my postcard.
I haven’t written my postcard.
Have you written your postcard?
Yes, I have. / No,I haven’t.
1The room is cold。Who_______(open)the window?
2 He_______(go)to the cinema。
3_______ you_______(put)away my dictionary?
4.We________(not finish) the work yet.
5.I________(see) the play. I _____(see) it last month with my sister.
6.I am not hungry.I ____just____(have) my dinner.
7.Don’t worry. The train____ yet.
A.arrived
B.won’t arrive
C.hasn’t arrived
三、用法
A表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例
如:
I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。(窗户是开着的)
The concert has started.音乐会已经开始(音乐会现在在进行)
They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了(他们不在这里)
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语,如yesterday, last year, in
1980,three days ago, Just now, when I came in等连用。但可以和一些不确
定的时间状语,如already, yet , sometimes, often, before, lately, once, never,
just, ever 等连用;也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如this morning,
today, this week, this year等连用。例如
She has already come.她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet.我还没有读过这个
Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗?
B.表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)动作或状
态,常和表示一段时间状语,如:today, these days, since…,for…, this
month, now等连用。例如:I have studied English for two years.
我学英语已经两年了。
They have lived in Beijing since 1980.
他们自1980年就一直住在北京。
We’ve known each other since we were children.我们从小就认识。
英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型:一是延续性的动词,二是终止
性动词(瞬间性动词)。延续性动词是指那些动作意义不会一下完成,而
是可以延续、发展的动词。如:work, read, write, study等。这些动词的
完成时可以和段时间状语连用。终止性动词是指那些动作一次完成,不
能延续的动词。如:come, go, buy, die, join, begin等。这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。在B用法中要用延续性动词代替终止性动词。
She has been back for two years.(正)
She has come back for two years(误)
终止性动词完成时的否定式表示一种否定状态是可以延续的,所以其否
定式可以和段时间状语连用。
如:I haven’t seen him for ages.我好久没见到他了。(现在仍没见到
他)
现在完成时的构成:助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词
注:has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去
分词变化与过去式相同,不规则变化则须单独记忆。
用法:
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或
结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just,already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如:
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.
⑤I’ve just lost my math book.
2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作
或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since 等引导的时间
状语。(注意:句中谓语动词要用延续性动词)
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
1、for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
2、since +