英文学术论文写作方法
硕士论文中的英文写作技巧
硕士论文中的英文写作技巧在硕士学位论文写作过程中，良好的英文写作技巧对于提高论文质量和学术水平至关重要。
本文将介绍几项在硕士论文写作中应用的英文写作技巧，以帮助研究生提升自己的写作能力。
I. 文献综述(Literature Review)在写作硕士论文时，一篇精彩的文献综述是非常重要的。
以下是一些有关文献综述的英文写作技巧：1. 熟悉相关研究领域的主要文献：通过仔细阅读与研究课题相关的文献，了解该领域的最新研究进展和观点。
2. 确定一个清晰的研究问题：确保文献综述明确描述你的研究问题，并解释为什么这个问题值得研究。
3. 组织文献综述的结构：根据不同的主题将文献分类，逐步深入研究，分析和比较已有文献的观点和结果。
4. 善用引用：在论文中使用适当的引用来支持你的观点，并遵循学术引用规范。
II. 方法(Methodology)在描述研究方法和实验设计时，正确清晰的表达至关重要。
以下是一些有关方法论的英文写作技巧：1. 描述实验步骤和操作程序：用清晰简洁的语言描述你的实验过程以及所使用的材料和设备。
2. 确定参与者和样本：详细描述研究涉及的参与者或样本选择过程，包括参与者的特征和招募方式。
3. 数据收集与分析方法：明确指出你使用的数据收集方法，例如问卷调查或实验观察，并简要描述你选择的数据分析方法。
4. 强调研究方法的可靠性和有效性：讨论你所采用的方法的优点和局限，并解释为什么你认为这些方法能够帮助你回答研究问题。
III. 论文结构与段落连贯一个良好的硕士论文应该有清晰的结构和流畅的段落连接。
以下是一些建议：1. 逻辑结构：确保你的论文有明确的引言、文献综述、方法、结果和讨论等部分，并将它们有机地连接在一起，形成一个完整的逻辑结构。
2. 段落结构：每个段落都应该有一个明确的主题句，并围绕这个主题句展开论述。
同时，采用适当的过渡词来使段落之间的连接更加自然。
3. 语言风格：使用简练、准确的语言来阐述观点，避免冗长和复杂的句子结构。
英文学术论文Introduction部分的写作方法
Sub-moves 1) Indicate a gap 2) Identify a problem 3) Extend previous knowledge
Moves 3 Occupy the niche
Note: 1) the word “outline” means that the content in that sub-move is very brief, no details 2) RQs are not necessary sometimes
Sub-moves 1) Outline aim, purpose 2) Specify RQs 3) Outline the theoretical perspectives 4) Describe methodology & design 5) Indicate scope/delimitation 6) explain contribution and vzation of the thesis
But in the introduction chapter of the dissertation, we usually use the following subtitles, altogether three, namely: 1) Background of the study (corresponding with Moves 1 and 2) 2) Aim and significance of the study (corresponding with Move 3.1---3.6) 3) Organization of the dissertation (corresponding with Move 3.7)
英文科技论文写作技巧大全
英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求（1）Title长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。
（2）Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
（3）Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。
（4）Abstract不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼要地加以概括。
不要将结论与提要重复使用。
（5）Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。
归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献，指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。
说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。
不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。
（6）Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。
不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。
（7）Results and discussion是论文的核心部分，要求：–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。
–语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。
（8）Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。
不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
（9）References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
如何写好英文科研论文作文
如何写好英文科研论文作文英文，Writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, and clear communication. Here are some tips for writing a successful research paper.First and foremost, it's important to choose a topic that is both interesting and relevant to your field of study. This will not only make the writing process more enjoyable, but it will also ensure that your paper contributes meaningfully to the existing body of knowledge.Once you have chosen a topic, it's time to conduct thorough research. This may involve reading academic journals, books, and other scholarly sources, as well as conducting experiments or surveys if necessary. It's important to take detailed notes during the research process, as this will make it easier to organize and structure your paper later on.When it comes to actually writing the paper, it's crucial to maintain a clear and logical structure. This typically involves an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should flow smoothly into the next, and all arguments and claims should be supported by evidence.In addition to a strong structure, it's important to pay attention to the language and style of your writing. This means using clear and concise language, avoiding jargon or overly technical terms, and ensuring that your paper is free from grammatical and spelling errors.Finally, it's essential to properly cite all sources used in your paper. This not only gives credit to the original authors, but it also helps to strengthen the credibility of your own work.In conclusion, writing a good research paper in English requires careful planning, thorough research, clear communication, and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can increase the likelihood of producing asuccessful and impactful research paper.中文，写好一篇英文科研论文需要仔细的规划、深入的研究和清晰的表达。
英文学术论文写作方法
P5: Nominalization 名物化，名词化。
根词： Nominal( 名词)。意思是把原来不是名词的词当作名词来使用的 现象。这一现象在学术写作中非常普遍。它是把动词短语、形容词短 语等压缩之后形成一个名词短语，把 过程（动词）或性质（形容词） 变成现象（名词），使得信息密度加大，并且使这个名词放在主语位 置，以便让新的信息有机会被介绍进来。例如：
Genre ：语类，语体，体裁，即根据写作目的把天下文章归 类划分的行为。
Swales (1990) ： A class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes .
矛盾，是因为有创新；统一，是因为脱胎于旧有体 系。
P3 作者的隐身：指在叙述研究方法、结果等 时不用人称代词“我”“我们”，而是用被 动语态，用客体（受事）作句子的主语。例 如
200 students were invited to participate in this survey.
Result shows… , it is found that …
Introduction to the Course
Chapter 1 Week 9
Our learning focus will be on the following two points:
1. The macro-structure (moves and steps ) of each section or chapter (the second section of chapters in this book, e.g. P10-16, P31-40, etc)
英文科技论文写作方法
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。
撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。
最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction，Materials and Methods，Results，and Discussion)，这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。
IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题：Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？Results（结果）：发现了什么?Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么?按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。
首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。
你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。
画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。
哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。
如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。
绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。
这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。
采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。
英语学术论文写作学术论文的写作要求及写作方法
英语学术论文写作学术论文的写作要求及写作方法Academic paper writing is an essential skill that every student and researcher should possess. It allows individuals to explore specific topics, present their findings, and contributeto the expansion of knowledge in their field of study. Thisarticle will discuss the requirements and methods of writing an academic paper.1. Requirements of Academic Paper Writing:a. Clarity and coherence: A good academic paper should be clear, well-organized, and easy to understand. The writer should present their arguments and ideas in a logical and coherent manner to guide readers through the paper.b. Research-based: An academic paper should be grounded in extensive research. This involves conducting a literature review, gathering data, and analyzing relevant sources to support the arguments made throughout the paper.c. Originality and contribution: A strong academic paper should present novel insights or contribute to existing knowledge. It should offer a unique perspective or provide additional evidence to enhance the understanding of the topic.d. Proper citation and referencing: To maintain academic integrity, all sources used in the paper must be properly cited.This prevents plagiarism and allows readers to verify the information presented.e. Structure and format: Academic papers typically follow a specific structure, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Adhering tothis structure helps readers navigate through the paper more effectively.2. Methods of Academic Paper Writing:a. Identify a research question: Begin by choosing aresearch question or topic that is interesting and relevant to your field of study. Make sure the research question is specific and focused, allowing for in-depth exploration.c. Develop an outline: Create a clear outline that organizes your thoughts and ideas. This helps maintain a logical flow and ensures that all essential points are addressed.e. Present your methodology and research findings: Clearly explain the methodology used for your study and present your findings. Use graphs, tables, and other visuals to enhance the presentation of data.f. Analyze your results and discuss their implications: Interpret and analyze your research findings, discussing their implications in relation to previous studies. Identify any limitations or further areas of research.g. Write a concise conclusion: Summarize your main findings and highlight their significance. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion.h. Revise and edit: Proofread your paper for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your ideas flow smoothly and logically.i. Cite your sources properly: Use the appropriate citation style (such as APA, MLA, or Chicago) to reference your sources accurately throughout the paper.In conclusion, writing an academic paper requires clarity, research-based content, originality, proper citation, and adherence to a defined structure. By following these requirements and methods, students and researchers can effectively contribute to their field of study and advance knowledge in their chosen area.。
英文论文的详细格式(英文论文写作格式)
英文论文的详细格式（英文论文写作格式）英文论文的写作主要用于参加国际学术研讨会，以促进中外学术和文化交流；在国际学术期刊上发表论文，在国际上分享科研成果，并在英语论文中进行学术交流；此外，英文论文还包括英语相关专业人士必须用英语撰写学术报告或毕业论文等。
标题大纲摘要1、英文摘要是一篇文章，旨在以符合英语语法的语言提供论文内容的摘要。
（内容与中文摘要基本相同，但不需要完全判断。
）2、英文标题、摘要、关键字进入一个页面（可以是1页），放在中文摘要页面之后。
3、英文字体和行间距：在“Western字体”中使用“Times New Roman”，1.5行间距。
4、英文名称：使用第三个单词bold。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶部网格，使用第四个字母和粗体。
英文摘要使用第四个字母。
6、英文关键词：“关键词”顶部网格，使用第四个单词和粗体。
对每个关键字使用第四个单词文本在文中引用如果引用少于三行，则引文可以有机地整合到纸张中。
如果要引用的单词具有与需要删除的纸张无关的单词，则需要省略号。
如果省略号出现在引文中，请使用三个点。
如果它出现在引文的末尾，请使用四个点。
最后一个点表示句点并放在第二个括号之后（通常，避免在引用开始时使用省略号）；点和字母之间或点和点之间的空格。
参考书目每个项目的第一行需要打印在顶部网格中，并且所有行都需要缩进五次以区分该项目与其他项目。
英文摘要英文论文摘要，也称为摘要，是论文的重要组成部分。
它旨在提供文献内容的摘要，没有评论和补充说明。
一篇简短的文章，准确描述了文献的重要内容。
摘要应该是独立和不言而喻的，并且与文献具有相同数量的信息，即，可以在不阅读全文的情况下获得重要信息。
摘要通常放在标题之后，即文章的第一篇。
在论文发表后，论文的摘要经常被文献检索系统收集。
英文摘要一般为200-300个单词，并且有一个与英文抽象表达相对应的中文摘要。
,。
学术论文英语标题和摘要的撰写方法
学术论文英语标题和摘要的撰写方法任何游戏都有自己的规则，只有遵循它的规则，参与的人才能够赢得胜利。
为了能够让我校研究生更快的熟悉学位论文与科技学术论文的写作规范，笔者通过各种渠道搜集信息材料整理此篇——英文篇。
一、英文题名题名的结构英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。
各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。
题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义；且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。
少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
题名的字数题名不应过长。
国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。
例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。
总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
中英文题名的一致性同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。
在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
题名中的冠词科技论文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
题名中的大小写题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式：全部字母大写；每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写；题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。
题名中的缩略词语已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
二、作者与作者单位的英译作者：中国人名按汉语拼音拼写单位：单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。
三、英文摘要英文摘要的时态：英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳。
1、一般现在时：用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等；涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式在英文学术论文的写作过程中，准确和流畅的表达是非常重要的。
本文将探讨一些论文中的英文写作技巧及表达方式，帮助读者提升论文写作的能力。
1. 写作结构论文的结构对于阐明观点、组织思路至关重要。
以下是一般英文学术论文的常见结构：（1）引言：介绍论文的主题，概述论文的目的和重要性，并提供背景知识。
（2）文献综述：回顾相关的学术研究和理论，评估前人的研究成果。
（3）方法论：描述研究方法、实验设计和数据分析方法。
（4）结果：对实验结果进行客观的描述和分析。
（5）讨论：解释和解读结果，并与前人的研究进行比较和讨论。
（6）结论：总结研究成果，强调重要性和可能的进一步研究方向。
2. 语法和拼写良好的语法和拼写是论文写作的基础。
以下是一些常见的语法和拼写错误，需要注意避免：（1）主谓一致：主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数上要保持一致。
（2）时态一致：使用正确的时态表达，如过去时、现在时或将来时等。
（3）冠词使用：正确使用冠词（a、an、the），并避免过度使用。
（4）拼写错误：仔细校对论文中的拼写错误，可以使用拼写检查工具进行辅助。
3. 学术词汇在写作过程中，合适的学术词汇能够提升论文的专业程度，但过度使用学术词汇反而会让读者难以理解。
以下是一些建议：（1）避免使用口语化的表达方式，如俚语或缩写。
（2）使用学术词汇丰富论文内容，但确保这些词汇确实适用于所描述的概念。
（3）使用词汇表达准确的思想和观点，同时避免以讹传讹，对所使用词汇的准确性要有严谨要求。
4. 表达清晰在论文写作中，清晰的表达是非常重要的。
以下是一些建议：（1）使用简洁的句子结构和控制篇幅，避免过长的句子或段落。
（2）使用逻辑的连接词，如"however"、"therefore"、"in addition"等，帮助读者理解论文的逻辑。
（3）对于复杂的概念，使用图表或实例来解释，以帮助读者更好地理解。
英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)共38页文档
protection/copyright protection” Discuss the following with a partner: Look at the project title above and highlight the key words/phrases. How is the title framed (e.g. statement/question/heading)? What does the title ask you to do?
- gathering information from various sources;
- organizing this information so that it appropriately answers the needs of the task that the writer has to complete;
The reasons why students carry out extended academic writing activities may s their ideas; to provide evidence to support their ideas; to dispute or support existing theories; to display knowledge.
Internet. e) Write down the details of your sources. f) Decide if you need to do more reading. g) Write the contents page, bibliography, title page and abstract. h) Arrange a tutorial with your tutor. i) Do some reading. j) Decide on a topic. k) Write the first complete draft. l) Highlight/take notes of relevant information. m) Plan the contents in detail. n) Work on establishing a clear focus. o) Make a rough outline plan of your ideas. p) Check that sources are available/accessible.
学术论文写作报告(英文版)
学术论文写作报告（英文版）1. IntroductionWriting an academic paper requires careful consideration of various elements such as topic selection, research methodology, data analysis, and proper citation. This report provides a comprehensive guide to academic paper writing, focusing on the key steps involved and the necessary components to include. The report aims to assist researchers and students in effectively structuring and presenting their work in an organized and coherent manner.2. Topic SelectionThe first step in writing an academic paper is selecting an appropriate topic. The topic should be specific yet broad enough to allow for thorough research. It is essential to choose a topic that is relevant to the field of study and of interest to the writer. Consideration should also be given to the availability of reliable sources and potential research gaps that can be addressed.3. Literature ReviewAfter selecting a topic, conducting a literature review is crucial to identify the existing research and establish the research gap. The literature review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the subject and helps the writer understand the key concepts, theories, and methodologies that have been used in previous studies. It also helps in formulating research questions and hypotheses.4. Research MethodologyOnce the research questions have been formulated, it is important to select an appropriate research methodology. The methodology should be aligned with the research objectives and should allow for the collection of relevant and reliable data. Common research methods include surveys, case studies, experiments, and observations. The chosen methodology should be adequately justified and explained in the paper.5. Data Collection and AnalysisAfter determining the research methodology, data collection can begin. This involves gathering relevant data through various sources such as interviews, surveys, experiments, or existing databases. The collected data should be analyzed using appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis techniques. The analysis should be presented in a clear and concise manner, highlighting any significant findings.6. Results and DiscussionThe results section of the academic paper presents the findings of the research. It should be presented using tables, charts, or graphs to aid in understanding. The discussion section focuses on interpreting the results in relation to the research questions and objectives. It involves critically analyzing the findings, comparing them with previous studies, and discussing their implications.7. ConclusionThe conclusion is a summary of the key findings and their implications. It should answer the research questions and provide insights into the broader significance of the research. The conclusion should also highlight any limitations of the study and suggest directions for future research.8. ReferencesProper citation and referencing are crucial in academic writing. The reference section should include all the sources used in the paper, cited in a consistent and accurate format. It is important to follow the specific citation style required by the journal or institution.9. Formatting and ProofreadingBefore submitting the academic paper, it is important to ensure proper formatting. This includes following the guidelines provided by the journal or institution regarding font type, font size, line spacing, and margins. Additionally, the paper should be thoroughly proofread to eliminate any grammatical or spelling errors. Using professional editing tools or getting feedback from peers can be helpful in improving the overall quality of the paper.ConclusionWriting an academic paper requires attention to detail and adherence to specific guidelines. This report has provided an overview of the key steps involved in academic paper writing, including topic selection, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, and proper citation. By following these guidelines, researchers and students can improve the quality of their academic papers and increase their chances of success.。
英语学术论文范文范文怎么写
英语学术论⽂范⽂范⽂怎么写 学术论⽂是某⼀学术课题在实验性的科学记录，你们能够⽤英⽂写出来吗?下⾯是店铺带来英语学术论⽂优秀范⽂，希望对⼤家有帮助。
英语学术论⽂范⽂篇1：基于本⼟旅游⽂化的⼤学旅游英语教学研究 Study on College Tourism English Teaching Combining with Aba Local Tourism Culture Abstract：Boasting of rich，outstanding natural and cultural tourism resources，marvelous landscape，specific humanistic environment，Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is well-known to the world， which has been attracting ever-increasing tourists home and abroad with its unique charm，such as the fairy-land like natural scenery，mysterious Tibetan Buddhist culture，ancient Qiang’s Shibi (necromancer) culture， the Red Army’s Long March culture and so on. These rich natural and cultural tourism resources raise the economic benefits of cultural tourism development emphasis. Aba is an ethnic minority area leading with the tourism industry; after years of development，tourism has become the main source of income for the local ethnic minorities. More and more foreign tourists have been attracted into this area， particularly， Europe， the United States and other English-speaking countries have become the major source countries; a large number of high-qualified tourism professionals are in urgent need， and tourism English teaching plays a very important role for cultivating High quality talents who are both proficient in English， grasping high level tourism skills， and quite familiar with Aba tourism resources. This paper analyzes and puts forward some constructive measures on how to combine Aba tourism resources， local culture with college tourism English teaching. Key words： Aba tourism resources local culture college tourism English teaching Introduction： After joining WTO， China gets more and more intimacy communication opportunities with the world; has been attracting ever-increasing foreign tourists and foreign tourism industry is rapidly developing. However，the development of the tourism industry and excellent tourism practitioners can not be synchronized， particularly high quality foreign tourism practitioners are seriously lacking， which causing the deve lopment of China’s foreign tourism lag，especially the local tourism resources and cultural characteristics can not be good publicized. Most of the local colleges are in charge of cultivating qualified personnel for local economic development， many vocational colleges set up Tourism English major， but because of teaching conception， method and practice are old-fashioned and out of touch， it results in Tourism English graduates are unable to adapt to the development needs of the tourism industry， and not well for the local tourism economy. Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture boasts abundant tourism resources and unique ethnic culture，which needs more high quality tourism practitioners who are skilled with foreign communicative ability and having comprehensive local culture knowledge to publicize the local culture and bring to a great height of development. Thus， the local college tourism English teaching should attach great importance to the needs of penetrating the local tourism and culture， and combining the introduction of local characteristics and cultural tourism with English teaching has very important significance. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇2：英语专业学⽣写作的影响因素及对策分析 Analyzing the Factors and Corresponding Measures for English Majors’ Writing 【Abstract】As we know， English writing is an important part of communicative competence. But for many English majors， it is hard to express their thoughts clearly. In order to find out the main problems and corresponding measures，the author analyzes many compositions written by English majors. With some academic opinions and the author’s own analysis， some problems existing in students’ writing are listed. According to the problems， the author summarizes some influencing factors. Finally， the author gives some relevant solutions. Through analyzing those samples， the author hopes it has some help for English majors’ writing. 【Key words】Writing;English major;Influencing factors;Effective measures 0 Introduction “English writing is a re-creation process where students use the knowledge of the language through thinking. So writing skills can reflect students’ language competence” (Bai 2009：99). But for many English majors，English writing is a difficulty for them. So many reasons have led to this kind of phenomenon. The author summarizes several types of mistakes that English majors often make， such as vocabulary mistakes，grammar mistakes. According to these problems，the author analyzes the influencing factors and tries to find suitable ways to solve this problem. 1 Influencing Factors 1.1 Vocabulary Mistakes Generally there are three kinds of vocabulary mistakes existing in English majors’ writing. They are spelling mistake，collocation mistake and part of speech problem. In the following part，they are discussed one by one. First，the spelling mistakes are common in their compositions. “Vocabulary is the requisite element of English writing” (He 2008：141). If students want to write a good composition to express their thoughts， they should grasp enough vocabulary and understand words correctly. However， most English majors do not learn vocabulary like that. For example， the words “indepadent” is not correct in spelling; the words “indepondance” and “independent” are not correct; the words “dapt”，“nowdays” are not spelled correctly. This is because students neglect the spelling when they learn the word at the beginning. What’s more， many students recite the word in accordance with pronunciation. Second，collocation mistakes occur frequently. Collocation is the key point of vocabulary learning. It plays a vital role in expressing the author’s intention. As we all know， the English collocation is very different from Chinese. Some students are used to thinking in Chinese and then directly translate Chinese into English literally. Such literal translations will definitely lead to mistakes. Generally speaking，the words do not appear isolated from others. That is to say， there are fixed about collocation between adjective and noun，verb and object noun etc. However，students often do not pay attention to this collocation and accumulate the words mechanically， leading to inappropriate expression in English. For example， “look dinner” and “leave earth” are not appropriate. 英语学术论⽂范⽂篇3：马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析 Abstract: On the base of the definition of stylistics, this thesis gives a detailed analysis of some the of stylistic devices used in the famous speech by the well-known American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and then probes into the stylistic characteristics of speech as a style. Key words: Stylistics, Stylistic devices, analysis, speech. 马丁. 路德.⾦《我有⼀个梦》的⽂体分析 摘要:本⽂⾸先阐述了⽂体学的定义,并在此基础上对对美国着名⿊⼈领袖马丁. 路德.⾦的着名演讲《我有⼀个梦》中所使⽤的⽂体⼿段进⾏了详尽的分析,进⽽对演讲⽂体的风格进⾏了简要的论述。
教你怎么写sci论文
二、英文写作的语言技巧1. Introduction：A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。
如：However, littleinformation(little attention/little work/little data/little research……) (or few studies/few investigations/few researchers/few attempts……) (or no/none of these studies……) has (have) been done on (focused on/attemptedto/conducted/investigated/studied(with respect to))。
如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglectedto/overestimated, underestimated/misleaded. thus, these previous results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist……研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作：However, data is still scarce(rare, less accurate)，We need to(aim to, have to) provide more documents(data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary(essential)……强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。
英语学术论文写作
英语学术论文写作学术论文的概念及分类学术论文（Research Papers）又称科学论文或研究论文，是对某一学科领域中的课题进行探讨、研究，表达新的科学研究成果或创见的文章，简称“论文”。
论文的突出特点科学性、创新性、学术性、专业性、实用性。
一般说来在论文写作过程中，既重视运用，又重视理论分析。
学术论文包括各学科领域中专业人员所写的论文和学生写的学业论文（即学年论文、毕业论文和学位论文）以及报告类论文。
不同专业的科技论文的内容和表示形式不尽相同。
可将论文分为理论型、实验型和描述型三种。
理论型论文的主要研究方法是理论分析；实验型论文的主要研究方法是设计实验、实验过程研究和实验结果分析；描述型论文的主要研究方法是描述说明，目的是介绍新发现的事物或现象及其所具有的科学价值，重点说明这一新事物是什么现象或不是什么现象。
学术论文的特点学术论文具有清楚、确切，和简明、直接的特点，尽力使文字简练，用最少的字句把意思表达清楚。
同时要客观、朴素，大多用第三人称（文内人称要统一）。
常用被动式语气，避免用俗语、土话、口语等，能肯定的不用“maybe”、“probably”。
引用他人注意不要把别人的结果说成像是自己的结果；与别人比较时，不用苛刻狡辩的语气；对于别人的研究工作进行评论，应该就事实和文字进行讨论，不可有推测别人的动机的口气。
在论文里，不需要用一些华丽的或是带情感的词句。
比喻要视论文性质而定。
通俗读物，初级教科书或非正式的科技文章中，有时用些比喻来帮助叙述科学理论，可使普通读者感兴趣、容易看懂。
科技期刊所发表的科技论文通常是严格限制用比喻的。
不应把比喻和类比相混淆，类比是科学研究工作中常用的推理方法。
在论文要使用恰当的假说，假说必须有实验可以证明。
不能夸大结论，因果关系要明确。
不能主观臆断，不要把假定当作结论，不要把未经证实的意见当作真实的。
名词的定义应清楚、确切。
对于专业名词，如果不知道它的确切含义，万勿随便使用。
英文学术论文写作
关于英文学位论文基本格式的建议（2013年4月补充）一、论文的基本结构不同学科、不同研究方向以及不同类型的学术论文在基本结构上存在差异。
但一般都包括以下五章：Introduction,Literature Review,Research Design,Data presentation and discussion,Conclusion下面分别介绍这五章的写作要求。
Chapter 1 Introduction本章应该包括以下内容：本研究的背景、意义以及预期解决的问题。
有时需要对重要概念或术语进行简单的定义。
本章末尾一般对全篇论文的章节主要内容作简单介绍（An overview of the thesis，不超过半页）。
本章要求简炼，开门见山，一般为3~5页为宜。
Chapter 2 Literature Review本章是文献综述，其主要目的是向读者介绍与本研究有关系的现有研究（existing studies），重点介绍以下内容：（1）关于这个问题（指论文要研究的问题）前人已经做了哪些研究？采用了哪些研究方法？得出了哪些研究结论？（2）关于这个问题还有哪些问题没有解决？前人的研究存在哪些局限性？关于这个问题还有哪些争议或值得进一步研究的问题？文献综述不是简单地“抄书”，也不是“走过场”。
它既帮助读者了解本研究领域的背景，也有利于作者进一步理清思路，为后面的研究做好充分准备。
做文献综述时要特别注意以下几点：1．本领域的重要文献原则上都要综述，但不需要面面俱到。
经典的研究和最近的研究都要涉及。
要特别注意介绍关于本研究问题最近（如近2、3年）的研究进展情况。
2．尽量使用第一手资料，而不使用第二手资料。
所谓第二手资料，指论文作者没有看到原始文献，而是从他人的文献中了解到的某个研究。
比如Rod Ellis在1994年出版的The Study of Second Language Acquisition 一书中将1994年以前的大约20年时间里有关第二语言习得的研究做了一个非常全面的综述，而这本书并没有首次报告Ellis本人做的研究。
英文学术论文写作与发表技巧
英文学术论文写作与发表技巧Academic writing and publishing are vital skills for those who want to excel in the fields of education, research, and professional discourse. Writing an academic paper involves a complex process of research, analysis, formatting, and editing, whereas publishing requires understanding the intricacies of manuscript preparation, submission, and peer-review. This article aims to provide an overview of the key techniques for academic writing and publishing, starting from selecting a topic, organizing the paper, citation and referencing, formatting, and submitting the manuscript for publication.1. Selecting a topicThe first step in writing an academic paper is to identify and narrow down a topic. The topic should be specific, precise, and relevant to the discipline or field of study. A good starting point is to review the literature, identify gaps or areas of interest, and formulate research questions that can be answered through empirical evidence. The topic should also be feasible in terms of time, scope, and resources available for conducting a study.2. Organizing the paperOnce the topic has been selected, the next step is to organize the paper into sections, beginning with an introduction that provides context and background information on the topic, followed by a literature review that outlines previous studies and research gaps. The methodology section should describe the research design, sample size, data collection methods, and statistical analysisprocedures.The results section should present the findings in an objective and clear manner, whereas the discussion section should interpret the results, discuss their implications, and suggest future research directions. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the key findings, restate the research questions, and draw overarching conclusions.3. Citation and referencingCitation and referencing are essential for academic writing because they provide evidence of the sources that have been used in the research, indicate the credibility of the study, and enable readers to locate and access the cited sources. The citation style should be consistent throughout the paper, and conform to the guidelines of the particular discipline or journal.4. FormattingFormatting involves the presentation of the paper in a professional and readable format, including the use of headings, fonts, margins, and spacing. The paper should also conform to the guidelines of the particular journal or publisher, including the preferred referencing style, manuscript length, and format. Attention to detail in formatting can increase the chances of acceptance for publication.5. Submitting the manuscript for publicationOnce the manuscript has been completed, it should be reviewed for grammatical errors, clarity, coherence, and overall quality before submitting it for publication. The submission process involves selecting an appropriate journal or publisher, following the guidelines for manuscript preparation, and submitting the paper online or through email. The review process involves evaluation by the editorial board or peer-reviewers, who provide feedback on the quality, relevance, and contribution of the study. Based on the feedback, authors can revise and resubmit the manuscript, or withdraw it and submit it to another journal or publisher.In conclusion, academic writing and publishing require a systematic and disciplined approach that involves selecting a suitable topic, organizing the paper, citing and referencing sources, formatting, and submitting it for publication. With practice, patience, and attention to detail, authors can improve their writing and publishing skills, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.6. Tips for effective academic writing- Start with a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes the main argument or research question, and guides the structure of the paper.- Use plain language and avoid technical jargon, unless it is necessary for clarity and precision.- Write in an objective and impersonal tone, avoiding personal opinions or emotions that may bias the interpretation of the data. - Use active voice and vary sentence structures to maintain reader engagement and clarity.- Follow the guidelines of the particular discipline or journal forcitation and referencing, which may include using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citations.- Revise and proofread the paper multiple times, checking for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors.- Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or writing tutors who can provide constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement.7. Tips for publishing academic papers- Select a journal or publisher that is reputable, relevant to the topic, and aligned with the research goals and scope.- Follow the guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission, which may include instructions for formatting, word count, file format, cover letter, and author declaration.- Choose appropriate keywords, abstract, and title that capture the essence of the study and attract readers' attention.- Engage in peer-review, which involves evaluating other scholars' papers and providing constructive feedback that can improve the quality and relevance of the research.- Stay up-to-date with the latest trends, debates, and theoretical frameworks in the field, by attending conferences, reading journals, and networking with peers.- Take advantage of social media, blogs, and online platforms to disseminate the findings and insights of the research to wider audiences, including policymakers, practitioners, and the general public.8. Challenges and opportunities in academic writing and publishingAcademic writing and publishing can be a rewarding but also challenging endeavour, as it requires dedication, perseverance, and continuous learning. Some of the challenges that scholars face include:- Time management, as writing and publishing can be time-consuming and require balancing multiple tasks and priorities.- Rejection and criticism, as not all papers get accepted for publication, and the feedback from reviewers can be rigorous and demanding.- Ethical considerations, such as plagiarism, data fabrication, and conflicts of interest, which can undermine the credibility and integrity of the research and authorship.However, there are also opportunities for growth, innovation, and impact in academic writing and publishing, such as:- Collaboration and teamwork, as scholars can benefit from exchanging ideas, collaborating on research projects, and co-authoring papers that showcase diverse perspectives and expertise. - Interdisciplinary and cross-cutting approaches, as academic writing and publishing can bridge different fields, methods, and theories, and contribute to solving complex and pressing social, economic, and environmental issues.- Open access and public engagement, as academic writing and publishing can involve making research findings and insights available to wider audiences, including policymakers, practitioners, and citizens, who can use them to inform their decisions and actions.In conclusion, academic writing and publishing are essential skills for scholars who aim to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their fields, and communicate their ideas and insights to wider audiences. By following the key techniques and tips outlined in this article, scholars can improve their writing and publishing skills, overcome the challenges, and seize the opportunities of academic scholarship.。
论文写作中的英文写作技巧
论文写作中的英文写作技巧写作一直是学术研究中不可或缺的一部分。
在论文写作中，对于母语非英语的学者来说，英文写作可能是一个挑战。
然而，掌握一些英文写作技巧，可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的思想，并且提高论文的质量。
本文将分享一些论文写作中的英文写作技巧，以期帮助学者们提升写作能力。
一、精确使用词汇在论文写作中，选择恰当的词汇可以增强文章的准确性和专业性。
避免使用过于普通或模糊的词汇，而是使用更具体和明确的术语。
同时，需要注意词汇的正确用法和拼写。
可以查阅专业词典或使用在线语言工具来确保使用的词汇准确无误。
二、正确使用语法和句式良好的语法和句式结构是确保文章流畅和易读的关键。
在论文写作中，需要遵守英文的语法规则，包括主谓一致、时态一致、语态正确等。
此外，也要注意使用多样化的句式，避免过多使用简单句，可以尝试使用复杂句或并列句来展示自己的观点。
三、引用和引文格式在学术论文中，引用他人的研究成果是不可或缺的。
准确引用和引文格式的使用可以提升文章的可信度和学术性。
在引用他人观点或研究结果时，需要注明来源，并使用正确的引文格式，如APA、MLA等。
建议学者们查阅相应的引用指南，确保引用的准确和规范。
四、结构清晰、段落过渡自然良好的结构可以使文章逻辑清晰且易于理解。
在论文写作中，可以采用传统的导言、正文和结论的结构，或是根据自己的需要选择其他适当的结构。
在每个段落中，要确保句子之间的过渡自然，保持段落之间的连贯性。
使用适当的过渡词可以帮助读者理解文章的脉络和思路。
五、阅读和修改写完论文后，不要忘了进行仔细的阅读和修改。
首先，阅读一遍论文，检查语法错误、句子不通顺或不准确的表达。
其次，检查论文的逻辑性和连贯性，确保每段的内容围绕主题展开，并且段落之间有明确的过渡。
此外，还可以请同行或专业编辑对论文进行评审，以获得更深入的意见和建议。
综上所述，论文写作中的英文写作技巧是非常重要的。
精确使用词汇、正确使用语法和句式、引用和引文格式的准确性、结构清晰和段落过渡自然以及阅读和修改都是提高论文写作质量的关键步骤。
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英文学术论文写作方法
Academic writing in English requires a specific approach and set of skills in order to produce a well-written and coherent paper. In this article, we will discuss some effective methods and strategies for writing an academic paper in English.
1. Understand the Purpose and Audience:
Before you begin writing, it is crucial to understand the purpose and audience of your paper. Are you writing a research article, a review paper, or a theoretical analysis? Who will be reading your paper – experts in the field or a general audience? Understanding these aspects will help you tailor your writing style and tone accordingly.
2. Conduct Thorough Research:
A well-researched paper is a strong foundation for writing
an academic paper. Use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites to gather information
and data relevant to your topic. Take detailed notes and make sure to cite your sources accurately to avoid plagiarism.
3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement:
A thesis statement is the main argument or central idea that your paper will revolve around. It should be concise, specific, and clearly reflect the purpose of your paper. A strong thesis
statement guides the reader and provides a roadmap for your paper.
4. Create an Outline:
An outline is a helpful tool to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in your paper. Divide your paper into sections or subsections and outline the main points you want to address in each section. This will help you stay focused and avoid digressing from your main argument.
5. Write Clear and Coherent Sentences:
Academic writing should be clear, concise, and free of ambiguity. Use simple and direct language, and avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse the reader. Each sentence should convey a specific idea or piece of information, and paragraphs should be well-structured and coherent.
6. Support Your Arguments with Evidence:
An academic paper should be supported by evidence, whether it is empirical data, examples, or citations from other
scholarly work. Use appropriate referencing styles such as APA or MLA to cite your sources accurately and give credit to the original authors.
7. Revise and Edit:
8. Pay Attention to Style and Formatting:
Follow the guidelines provided by your institution or journal in terms of formatting and citation style. Pay attention to details such as font size, margins, spacing, and citation requirements. Consistency in style is key to maintaining a professional and polished paper.
9. Proofread Your Final Draft:
Finally, carefully proofread your final draft before submitting it. Look for any typos, grammatical errors, or formatting inconsistencies. It may be helpful to read your paper backwards, starting from the last sentence, to focus solely on the language and not get caught up in the content.
In conclusion, academic writing in English requires a systematic and organized approach. By understanding the purpose and audience, conducting thorough research, developing a clear thesis statement, and following the proper structure and style, you can produce a well-written and effective academic paper. Remember to revise, edit, and proofread your work to ensure a polished final product.。