英汉互译第四讲

禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行 为。 Any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets is prohibited. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的 反响。 China’s successful explosion of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussions throughout the world. 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片 销毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium should be preceded by a destruction of the drug itself. 邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工 作”。 Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress, “There must be less empty talk and more hard work.”
汉英翻译之词类转换

借刀杀人 murder sb. with a borrowed sword 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好！ Xu’s drawings of horses are exceptionally good. 近来，研究人员发现感冒可以通过人的手传染. Recent research discoveries indicate that flu can be spread by hand contacts.
汉语动词转换为英语形容词



我非常挂念她。 I am very concerned about her. 感谢你的帮助。 I am grateful to you for helping me. 我为她的健康担忧。 I am anxious about her health. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识 。 We should never be content with a little book knowledge only. 她母亲为她的健康担忧。 Her mother was anxious about her health.


1 他在战斗中表现突出， 受到连长(company commander)的表扬。 2 只要看一眼这封信， 你就会明白你上当了。


1 He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. 2 A glance at this letter will convince you that you have been taken in.

3 看到我们的喷气 式飞机，听见隆隆的声 音，令我特别神往。 4 在使用电脑时， 起主要作用的是人 5 Coco歌唱得很好。




5 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 6 It is man who plays the leading role in the use of computers. 7 Coco is a good singer.

1、汉语动词转换成英语的名词； 2、汉语动词转换成英语的形容词； 3、汉语动词转换成英语的介词或介词短语； 4、汉语的名词转译为英语的动词； 5、汉语名词转换成英语形容词或副词； 6、汉语的形容词或副词相互转换或转换成英语的名词，介词或介词短语；




1 汉语动词转化为英语名词： 汉语中动词用的较多，除大量动宾结构外，还 有连动式、兼语式等两个以上动词连用的现象。 英语名词比汉语用的多。 Eg: The book is a reflection of the Chinese society of my father’s time. 这本书反映了我父亲那个时代的中国社会。 He gave a vivid description of the battle. 他生动地描述了这场战斗。 汉译英时往往可以把汉语动词转化为英语名词。

2 汉语动词转化为英语形容词： 汉语中一些表示知觉、情感等心理状态的动词， 往往可以转换成英语形容词，通常多以“Be+ 形容词….”结构来表达。


Eg: 你熟悉这种晶体管放大器（transistor amplifier)的性能吗？ Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier？



EXE: 切割金属时，可以看到光亮的表面，但是立刻 就变成了灰色。 When metals are cut， the shining surface is visible， but it turns grey almost immediately.




ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ



获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake. 委员会怀疑他的资格。 The committee was doubtful of his qualification. 我们绝不满足于现有的成就。 We are not content with our present achievements. 我们相信，在两市的共同努力下，我们两市的合作必定 进一步发展。 We are convinced that with the joint efforts of our two cities, the friendly relation and cooperation between us will develop further.


10 随着国际社会对中 国的关注日益提升，越 来越多的外国人开始对 中国和中国文化感兴趣， 学习汉语的人数也与日 俱增。


11 With the increase of attention paid to China by the international community, more and more foreigners begin to take interest in China and Chinese language , and the number of people learning the Chinese language is growing.
译例：
数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生 活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取 坚决措施去创建新的生活条件。 The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.

11他们在工作中非常注 意理论联系实际。 12 徐悲鸿画马，画得特 别好。



12 In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 13 Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good.
Exercises



并不是所有人都喜欢这个计划。 This program was not popular with all of the people. 有人建议降低政府开支，提高教师工资。 Some suggested lower government spending and higher salary for teachers. 只有加强与世界的联系，中国才能继续执行她的对外开放政策。 China’s policy of opening to the world can only be continued by its closed ties with the world. 他热爱科学研究，但对升职不感兴趣。 He is keen on scientific researches but indifferent to promotion. 那个孩子半张着口坐在前排。 That child sat in the first row with his mouth half open.
汉语动词转换成英语的名词；


希望你们考虑一下我们的意见。 I would very much appreciate it if you could take our suggestion into consideration. 钢琴家演奏得很出色。 The pianist gave a fine performance. 他害怕他父母撤消已做出的许可。 He feared the withdrawal of his parents'' permission. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products. 绝对不许违反这个原则。 Violation of this principle can never be tolerated. 中国政府承诺不对无核武器的国家使用核武器。 The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against nonnuclear countries.
Exercises





1) 绝对不许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. (v—n) 2) 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. 5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 He laid special stress on raising the quality of the products in his speech. 6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主 义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。 Thanks to Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so. 7) 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。 They don’t know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.



8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 7 决不允许违反这个原 9 The turning point of my life 则。 was my decision to give up 8 我的生活转折点是我 promising business career and 决定：不再做生财有 study music. 望的商人而专攻音乐。 10 His arrival at this 9 他得出这一结论是深 conclusion was the result of 思熟虑的结果。 much thought.