GRE长阅读习题
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(20)
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(20)GRE阅读题目解析:云对地球暖化效应的作用P40As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming gl obe. Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus cloud s over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase. On the o ther hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrat ed by a study of fourteen such models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the mo dels agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorp orated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies plaguin g the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s clim ate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned withA. confirming a theoryB. supporting a statementC. presenting new informationD. predicting future discoveriesE. comparing points of view2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was thatA. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the eff ect of clouds on climateB. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds th at affect climateC. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of cl ouds on climateD. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models shou ld provideE. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that sho uld be included in the models3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to an swer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus cloud s?E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?P401As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming gl obe.1980 年代末，无论气象理论学家还是大规模计算机气象模型都无法精确预测，云对地球暖化效应发挥积极或消极作用。
gre阅读练习题
gre阅读练习题GRE阅读是考生备考中非常重要的一部分，通过练习题的训练，可以提高阅读理解能力和解题技巧。
本文将为大家提供一些GRE阅读练习题，帮助大家更好地备考。
练习题一：Passage 1:Hummingbirds are fascinating creatures that have captured the attention of many nature enthusiasts. Their ability to hover in mid-air and move with incredible speed has long been a subject of study and admiration. But how do they accomplish these incredible feats?Question 1: What is the main topic of the passage?A) The study of hummingbirdsB) The ability of hummingbirds to hover in mid-airC) The incredible speed of hummingbirdsD) The admiration of hummingbirds by nature enthusiastsQuestion 2: What is the author's overall tone in the passage?A) CuriousB) InformativeC) CriticalD) HumorousPassage 2:Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate attention and action. The increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have led to rising temperatures and extreme weather events. It is crucial for governments and individuals to take responsibility and adopt sustainable practices to mitigate the impacts of climate change.Question 3: What is the main topic of the passage?A) Greenhouse gases and rising temperaturesB) Sustainable practices to mitigate climate changeC) Impacts of climate change on extreme weather eventsD) Governments and individuals taking responsibility for climate changeQuestion 4: What is the author's stance on climate change?A) NeutralB) SupportiveC) CriticalD) Indifferent练习题二：Passage 1:The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It brought aboutsignificant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport, which had a profound effect on socioeconomic and cultural conditions.Question 1: When did the Industrial Revolution occur?A) Late 19th and early 20th centuriesB) Late 18th and early 19th centuriesC) Early 16th and late 17th centuriesD) Late 17th and early 18th centuriesQuestion 2: What did the Industrial Revolution bring about?A) Changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportB) Changes in art and literatureC) Changes in political systemsD) Changes in religious beliefsPassage 2:The concept of sustainability has gained increasing importance in recent years. Sustainable development refers to a pattern of economic growth that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic, social, and environmental factors to ensure long-term well-being.Question 3: What does sustainable development refer to?A) Balancing economic, social, and environmental factorsB) Meeting the needs of future generationsC) Compromising the ability to meet future needsD) The concept of economic growthQuestion 4: Why is sustainability important?A) It ensures long-term well-beingB) It promotes economic growthC) It meets the needs of the present generationD) It compromises the ability to meet future needs以上是两个例子，您可以根据这些例子来练习GRE阅读练习题，希望能帮助您在备考中取得好成绩。
GRE考试阅读练习试题及答案
GRE考试阅读练习试题及答案练习一：阅读理解阅读材料在20世纪，科学家们对量子力学的研究揭示了一个令人惊讶的事实：微观世界的物理规律与我们在宏观世界中经验到的完全不同。
在量子世界里，粒子的行为不仅受到它们所在位置的影响，还受到观察者的影响。
这种现象最著名的例子就是“双缝实验”。
在双缝实验中，当粒子如电子通过两个并排的缝隙时，如果你不去观察它们，粒子就会表现出波动性，就像波一样穿过其中一个缝隙。
然而，如果你在实验过程中观察粒子，它们就会表现出粒子性，好像在两个缝隙之间做出了选择。
这个实验不仅挑战了我们对现实的传统理解，也揭示了观察者在量子力学中的重要地位。
这一发现对现代物理学、尤其是量子计算和量子通信等领域的研究产生了深远的影响。
练习题目1. 根据文章，量子力学研究的对象是什么？2. 双缝实验显示了量子粒子的哪种性质？3. 文章中提到的“观察者效应”对量子力学意味着什么？答案1. 量子力学研究的对象是微观世界的物理规律。
2. 双缝实验显示了量子粒子的波动性和粒子性。
3. 观察者效应意味着观察者在量子力学中扮演着重要角色，粒子的行为会受到观察者的影响。
---练习二：逻辑推理阅读材料在过去的几十年里，全球变暖已经成为一个不可忽视的问题。
科学研究表明，人类活动产生的温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
为了应对这一挑战，许多国家已经开始采取行动，比如提高能源效率，发展可再生能源，以及减少排放。
然而，全球变暖的问题并非仅靠个别国家的努力就能解决。
国际合作是解决这一全球性问题的关键。
只有通过全球合作，我们才能实现足够的减排，以防止全球温度进一步上升。
练习题目1. 全球变暖的主要原因是什么？2. 解决全球变暖问题的关键是什么？答案1. 全球变暖的主要原因是人类活动产生的温室气体。
2. 解决全球变暖问题的关键是国际合作。
---练习三：词汇理解阅读材料在现代社会，信息传播的速度和范围达到了前所未有的高度。
互联网和社交媒体的兴起使得人们可以即时地分享和获取信息。
2023年GRE英语真题及答案
2023年GRE英语真题及答案一、阅读理解阅读理解一题目：The importance of biodiversity答案：Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and providing various ecosystem services. It helps regulate climate, support pollination, and purify water.题目：Causes of biodiversity loss答案：Biodiversity loss is primarily caused by habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation of resources, and climate change.题目：Conservation strategies答案：To mitigate biodiversity loss, conservation strategies include protecting natural habitats, implementing sustainable resource management practices, and reducing pollution.阅读理解二题目：Impacts of global warming答案：Global warming contributes to rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and negative effects on human health.题目：Causes of global warming答案：Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, are the main causes of global warming.题目：Mitigation measures答案：To mitigate global warming, measures include transitioning to renewable energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, and implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.二、文字推理文字推理一题目：Logical argument答案：A logical argument is a series of statements or facts that lead to a valid conclusion.题目：Elements of a logical argument答案：The elements of a logical argument include premises (supporting statements), evidence (facts or data), and a conclusion (the final statement based on the premises and evidence).文字推理二题目：Cause and effect答案：Cause and effect is a relationship in which one event (the cause) brings about another event (the effect).题目：Identifying cause and effect答案：To identify cause and effect, one must analyze the sequence of events and determine the relationship between them.题目：Example of cause and effect答案：An example of cause and effect is smoking causing lung cancer.三、逻辑推理逻辑推理一题目：Deductive reasoning答案：Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which specific conclusions are drawn from general principles or premises.题目：Syllogism答案：A syllogism is a deductive argument consisting of two premises and a conclusion.逻辑推理二题目：Inductive reasoning答案：Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which general conclusions are drawn from specific observations or evidence.题目：Analogical reasoning答案：Analogical reasoning is a type of inductive reasoning that involves drawing conclusions based on similarities between two or more cases.四、写作写作一题目：The benefits of reading答案：Reading provides numerous benefits, such as expanding knowledge, improving cognitive abilities, enhancing vocabulary, and fostering empathy.题目：Ways to promote reading写作二题目：The impact of social media题目：Concerns about social media答案：Some concerns about social media include privacy issues, cyberbullying, and the influence of fake news.题目：Managing social media use答案：To manage social media use, individuals can set boundaries, critically evaluate information, and engage in responsible online behavior.。
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(6)
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(6)GRE阅读题目解析:十七世纪荷兰绘画P52In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Du tch paintings as direct reflections of reality. The paintings were discussed as an index of the democracy of a society that chose to represent its class, acti on, and occupations exactly as they were, wide-ranging realism was seen as the great accomplishment of Dutch art. However, the achievement of more recent stud y of Dutch art has been the recovery of the fact that such paintings are to be taken as symbolizing mortality, the renaissance of earthly life, and the power of God, and as message that range from the mildly moralizing to the firmly dida ctic. How explicit and consistent the symbolizing process was intended to be is a much thornier matter, but anyone who has more familiarity than a passing acq uaintance with Dutch literature or with the kinds of images used in illustrated books (above all emblem books) will know how much less pervasive was the habit of investing ordinary objects than of investing scenes with meaning that go be yond their surface and outward appearance. In the mid-1960s, Eddy de Jongh publ ished an extraordinary array of material — especially from the emblem books an d vernacular literature — that confirmed the unreliability of taking Dutch pic tures at surface value alone.The major difficulty, however, with the findings of critics such as de Jong h is that it is not easy to assess the multiplicity of levels in which Dutch vi ewers interpreted these pictures. De Jongh’s followers typically regard the pi ctures as purely symbolic. Not every object within Dutch paintings need be inte rpreted in terms of the gloss given to its equivalent representation in the emb lem books. Not every foot warmer is to be interpreted in terms of the foot warm er in Rowmer Visscher’s Sinnepoppen of 1614, not every bridle is an emblem of restraint (though many were indeed just that).To maintain as Brown does, that the two children in Netscher’s painting A Lady Teaching a Child to Read stand for industry and idleness is to fail to understand that the painting has a variety of possible meanings, even though the p icture undoubtedly carriers unmistakable symbolic meanings, too. Modern Art his torians may well find the discovery of parallels between a painting and a speci fic emblem exciting, they may, like seventeenth-century viewers, search for the double that lie behind many paintings. But seventeenth-century response can ha rdly be reduced to the level of formula. To suggest otherwise is to imply a lab oriousness of mental process that may well characterize modern interpretations of seventeenth-century Dutch Art, but that was, for the most part, not characte ristic in the seventeenth century.1. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?A. Reconciling two different points of view about how art reflectsB. Criticizing a traditional method of interpretationC. Tracing the development of an innovative scholarly approachD. Describing and evaluating a recent critical approachE. Describing a long-standing controversy and how it was resolved2. The author of the passage mentions bridles in the highlighted portion of the passage most likely in order toA. Suggest that restraint was only one of the many symbolic meanings attach ed to bridlesB. Provide an example of an everyday, physical object that was not endowed with symbolic meaningC. Provide an example of an object that modern critics have endowed with sy mbolic meaning different from the meaning assigned it by seventeenth-century Du tch artistsD. Provide an example of an object with symbolic meaning that was not alway s used as a symbolE. Provide an example of an everyday object that appears in a significant n umber of seventeenth century Dutch paintings3. Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph of the passage?A. It provides specific applications of the critical approach introduced in the preceding paragraphB. It present a caveat about the critical approach discussed in the precedi ng paragraphC. It presents the research on which a theory presented in the preceding pa ragraph is basedD. It refutes a theory presented in the preceding paragraph and advocates a return to a more traditional approachE. It provides further information about the unusual phenomenon described i n the preceding paragraph4. The passage suggests which of the following about emblem books in sevent eenth-century Holland?A. They confirm that seventeenth century Dutch painting depict some objects and scenes rarely found in daily life.B. They are more useful than vernacular literature in providing information about the symbolic content of seventeenth-century Dutch painting.C. They have been misinterpreted by art critics, such as de Jongh, who clai m seventeenth century Dutch paintings contain symbolic meaningD. They are not useful in interpreting seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting.E. They contain material that challenges the assumptions of the nineteenth-century critics about seventeenth-century Dutch painting.1In the late nineteenth century, art critics regarded seventeenth-century Dutch paintings as direct reflections of reality.十九世纪后期，艺术评论家们把十七世纪的荷兰绘画视为对现实的直接反映。
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(2)
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(2)GRE阅读题目解析:弗兰德斯派大师Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyc k. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as anyon e with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of a ctual animals, including armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to America s, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.2. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the fo llowing roles?A. The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject, the second is evidence that the argument uses against that position.B. The first and the second are each pieces of evidence that have been used to support the position that the argument opposes.C. The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provi des evidence in support of that conclusion.D. The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion.E. The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a furt her conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion.1Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyc k.风格上的和来自实验室的证据，都有力地支持这样的观点，即大画 G o E 出自弗兰德斯派大师 v E 之手。
GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案
GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案我整理了GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案,我们来看看吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案GRE阅读题目解析:治疗胃酸的药Columnist: Until very recently, Presorbin and Veltrex, two medications used to block excess stomach acid, were both available only with a prescription written by a doctor. In an advertisement for Presorbin, its makers argue that Presorbin is superior on the grounds that doctors have written 200 million prescriptions for Presorbin, as compared to 100 million for Veltrex. It can be argued that the number of prescriptions written is never a worthwhile criterion for comparing the merits of medicines, but that the advertisement’s argument is absurd is quite adequately revealed by observing that Presorbin was available as a prescription medicine years before Veltrex was. 1. In the columnist’s argument, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?A. The first is a claim that the columnist’s argument seeks to clarify; the second states a conclusion drawn about one possible interpretation of that claim.B. The first identifies the conclusion of an argument that the columnist’s argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument.C. The first states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument; the second states a conclusion that the columnist draws in defending that conclusion against an objection.D. The first identifies an assumption made in an argument that the columnists argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument.E. The first is a claim that has been offered as evidence to support a position that the columnist opposes; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument.1Columnist: Until very recently, Presorbin and Veltrex, two medications used to block excess stomach acid, were both available only with a prescription written by a doctor.专栏：直到最近，P 和 V，两种治疗胃酸过多的药，都是处方药。
GRE长阅读样题解析
美联英语提供：GRE长阅读样题解析两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0短阅读见证完之后咱们再一起来领略一下长阅读吧，一般情况下大概包含3-5段，以下就是一篇长阅读。
长阅读Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend tobe costly. A bird, by sin ging, may forfeit time that couldotherwise be spent on other important behaviors such asforaging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’slocation to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detecttheir approach. Although these types of cost may be important,discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused o nenergy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance,while Eberhardt foun d increases in energy consumption duringsinging for Carolina wrens, Chappell fou nd no effect of crowingon energy consumption in roosters.To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs ofsinging, Thomas examined t he relationship between song rateand overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birdsstore energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”;c hanges in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuringchanges in body mass. If singing has important energy costs,nightingales should lose more body m ass on nights when theirsong rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reache d asignificantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more massovernight on nights wh en their song rate was high.These results suggest that there may be several costs ofsinging at night associated with body reserves. The increasedmetabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes tothe increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation ofevenin g body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, asnightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build uplarger body reserves. The metabolic cost o f singing itself mayalso contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cos tmay arise from the muscular and neural activity involved insinging or from behaviors associated with singing. For example,birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation ifthey spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than ifthey are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore showthat whether or not singing per se has an important metaboliccost, meta bolic costs associated with singing can have animportant measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, atleast in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.考生如何掌握详略阅读的这个度呢？下面这个题是阅读里面比较难的一种题型“推论题”，特征词就是“infer”。
新GRE阅读36套答案及讲解
新GRE阅读36套答案及讲解EXERCISE 11. 第一题定位到文章最后一句话，结合文章主旨直接得出答案。
A. 新内容，same time；B. 新内容，manipulate；〔注：sought 是seek〔寻求〕的过去式；〕C. 答案；D. 新内容，game theory〔实际上该文是由长阅读截取的，未保留的部门是有涉及博弈论的内容的〕，later development；E. 虽然貌似一直都在说reproduction，但是文章主旨是强调sex ratios；2. 答复下列问题多项选择题：“A. 文章没有任何数字；B. 定位第五行：“A female stores sperm and can determine thesex of each egg she lays”C. 文章后半部分并没有涉及到“卵在别人家孩子肚子里的这种情况”的具体性别比例。
3. EXCEPT 题A. 定位第五行：By Desperado“A female stores sperm and can determine thesex of each egg she lays”B. 定位在12 行：“Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop withintheir host—the larva ofanother insect”；C. 定位到17 行：“because this one male could fertilize all hissisters on emergence”，也就是说，在同一个幼虫体内长大的兄弟姐妹们是可以互相交配的，事实上只有一个兄弟就够了。
D. Female 手里有sperm〔杀夫取精〕，生男生女看心情，只要有她在，就不会灭绝。
E. 定位在L13，“the newly emerged adult waspsmate immediately”4. EXCEPT 题：A．定位L7：“establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class.”B．注意L11 的不能self-made 和不能increasing holding 是两个概念，文中的富二代们直接继承家产就是一个很好的例子。
GRE阅读超长题干和长主语问题
GRE阅读超长题干和长主语问题GRE阅读超长题干和长主语问题1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的“人类行为细节”相对“人类所受限制”之间的差异，从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比?难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词解释：本句子在所有GRE或GMAT阅读题的题干中是最难读懂的题干之一。
本句不但结构复杂，而且用词抽象，使得读者如果想根据语义来搞清楚谁修饰谁，也变得极为困难。
分析如下：本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction? Versus是一个介词，等于against,即体育比赛中的VS。
其他的所有成分均是一些修饰成分。
其中一个对答题最重要的限制条件是from human morphology,说明这种类比的比较双方所比的必须是人类形态上的特征。
意群训练：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to humanbehavior?2. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
gre真题阅读题
gre真题阅读题
1.gre真题总汇
gre阅读题目汇总，gre阅读题目及答案解析汇总请：文章最后一道选项：scannability，一般来说，文章最后两道选项会给出一个选项，但是每道题目都会给出一个选项，那是因为这是在文章的开头部分。
所以，我们要先明白一点，这是一个很好的选项。
我们可以看到，gre的verbal部分有两道题，每一道选项有10多个；每篇10道题有12道题。
每个选项的平均值为一篇文章，所以，在第二道选项时，我们就需要对每个选项的选项有一个大致的了解。
这道题的答案是这样的：这种题一般在文章的开头部分，考生只需要在文章开头或者节选一题之内就可以找到答案。
这道题的第一题就是选择题。
这道题的第一句是选择题的第一句，也就是选择题。
gre真题阅读题 2
gre阅读题目汇总，gre阅读题目及答案解析汇总举个典型的gre阅读题误区。
这个误区误区误区有两面性的，一是阅读不懂二，二是阅读不懂，三是阅读不懂。
gre的阅读题目数量庞大，题目多是单词都认识，不懂，不懂的话题就会出错。
gre 的verbal部分的难点在于单纯的语法，在单词的同时也不需要理解整篇文章。
gre阅读中的词汇题占比不高。
但是如果是考研的同学，考完gre的话，还是需要考一下语法。
gre的verbal部分难度较小。
gre的阅读部分比较难的，一般是词汇量，句子结构，句子结构，长难句的分析。
gre考试的阅读部分比较难，因为词汇量较大，阅读速度跟上文章节节奏都不一样。
所以考生要先攻克gre长难句。
解读GRE阅读句子作用题
解读GRE阅读句子作用题为了帮助大家高效备考GRE，为大家带来解读GRE阅读句子作用题，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注!解读GRE阅读句子作用题Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human- and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate. For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland. Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development. Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.题目形式非常固定，高亮文中的某一个句子，询问在文章中整体充当什么功能或者作用;我们理一下这篇短文章：第一句：作者提出自己观点：人类影响因素使得对4000年前开始，环境变化的调查研究复杂化(complicate into)，因为人类和气候诱发的环境变化的signal经常难以区分开第二句：作者举例支持自己观点：森林植被变成草地，使得植物花粉增加，既可以理解为自然气候越来越干燥，也可以归因于人类农业发展的影响第三句：然而，这种4000年前人类影响的例子是比较少的哦(small-scale),因为广泛采用农业技术导致的环境变化后来才大规模的发生(changes occurred later)虽然有However这个词，但是作者并不是在否定自己的观点和例子，而是想表达：他所指出的人类因素和气候因素难以区分的例子，在4000年前比较少，并不是他的观点有误，而是那时候农业技术还不普遍，所以人类因素complicates调查研究的例子少。
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(8)
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(8)GRE阅读题目解析:机动车尾气排放导致空气污染Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutan ts from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadil y increasing, consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still hav e levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photoc hemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally e stablished limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way t o achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift awa y from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasol ine with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petrol eum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smalle r and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than ga soline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds, and the h ydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of l arger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more compl ex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically activ e hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fue ls do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks—a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency—and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over oth er carbon based alternative fuels: they have a higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing mot or fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attr active features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can r educe by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serio us urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the critic ism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of me thanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things bei ng equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparativel y less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvement s that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.1. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel becauseA. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbonsB. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactionsC. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structureD. gasoline is composed of small molecules.E. gasoline is a carbon-based fuel2. Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the passage?A. Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax incr ease, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.B. Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to incre ase.C. Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the to wn’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the to tal population of the town.D. Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by ad ding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within th e country continues to increase.E. Although a country reduces the speed limit on its national highways, the number of fatalities caused by automobile accidents continues to increase.3. It can be inferred from the passage that a vehicle specifically designed to use methanol for fuel wouldA. be somewhat lighter in total body weight than a conventional vehicle fue led with gasolineB. be more expensive to operate than a conventional vehicle fueled with gas olineC. have a larger and more powerful engine than a conventional vehicle fuele d with gasolineD. have a larger and heavier fuel tank than a “gasoline clone” vehicle fu eled with methanolE. average more miles per gallon than a “gasoline clone” vehicle fueled w ith methanol4. The passage suggests which of the following about air pollution?A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.B. Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled veh icle emits have been largely unsuccessful.C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants e mitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution.E. Reductions in pollutants emitted by individual vehicles have been offset by increases in pollution from sources other than gasoline-fueled vehicles.1Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing, consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits.尽管近年来单体机动车的有害排放物显著降低，但机动车总数一直稳步增加，结果是，美国超过 100 座城市的一氧化碳，有害悬浮颗粒，臭氧(机动车尾气与碳氢化合物发生光化学反应的产物)水平超过法定标准。
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(16)
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(16)GRE阅读题目解析:亚马逊河流域前现代社群P43Meggers argued that agriculture depends on extracting nutrients from soils into edible crops, so premodern societies in Amazonia could never grow large be cause underlying soils are impoverished. In Meggers’ view the population size that a culture could reach depended upon the agricultural potential of its envi ronment. Meggers accepted that fish and turtle resources of the Amazon made pos sible the long riverside villages the explorer Orellana described in 1542, but she dismissed as exaggerated Carvajal’s estimates of tens of thousands of peop le in those settlements, and she was sure those settlements did not have inland counterparts. Supporting this point, the Omagua, a riverbank people and one of the greatest chiefdoms observed by Carvajal as a member of Orellana’s expedit ion, regarded hinterland forests as unpopulated wilderness.1. In the context of the passage the highlighted sentence serves toA. explain the broader rationale for a conclusion described in the precedin g sentenceB. suggest some of the drawbacks of the riverbank location of the villages described in the following sentenceC. acknowledge information that appears to undermine a description attribut ed to OrellanaD. introduce a principle that appears to be contradicted by the agricultura l development of premodern AmazoniaE. give a reason for an upward revision in earlier estimates for premodern Amazonia2. From the passage it can be inferred that Omagua depended onA. overland transport to communicate between villagesB. foraging inland to obtain foodstuffs not available locallyC. some form of fertilization to boost agricultural productionD. fish and turtles for at least part of their dietE. trade with other peoples for some raw materialsP431Meggers argued that agriculture depends on extracting nutrients from soils into edible crops, so premodern societies in Amazonia could never grow large be cause underlying soils are impoverished.M 指出，农业依赖于庄稼从土壤中吸收营养物质，所以亚马逊河流域的前现代社群永远无法壮大，因为当地土壤贫瘠。
2022年10月12日GRE阅读真题回忆
2022年10月12日GRE阅读真题回忆1. 短阅读(精讲精炼Mock 4 section2)Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethylsulphide (DMS), which reacts with o某ygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form.9. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in theupper layers of the ocean?A. The concentration of o某ygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean isreplenished.D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean.E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.10. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in theglobal climate control system proposed by Lovelock?A. A fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.B. A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.C. An insulating blanket that retains heat.D. A filter used to purify water.E. A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the airin a room.11. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae ofnitrogen falling down in therain most likely in order toA. provide suppor t for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passageB. suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimatedC. acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculationD. demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one wayE. assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production2. 长阅读(直通车Part IV: Long passages passage 4)“Blues is for singing,” writes folk musicologist Paul Oliver,and “is not a f orm of folk songthat stands up particularly well when written down.” A poet who wants to write blues can attemptto avoid this problem by poeticizing the form—but literary blues tend to read like bad poetry rather than like refined folk song. For Oliver, the true spirit of the blues inevitably eludes the self-conscious imitator. However, Langston Hughes, the first writer to grapple with these difficulties of blue poetry, in fact succeeded in producing poems that capture the quality of genuine, performed blues while remaining effective as poems. In inventing blues poetry, Hughes solved two problems: first, how to write blues lyrics in such a way that they work on the printed page, and second, how to e某ploit the blues form poetically without losing all sense of authenticity.There are many styles of blues, but the distinction of importance to Hughes is between the genres referred to as “folk blues” and “classic blues.” Folk blues and classic blues are distinguished from one another by differences in performers (local talents versus touring professionals), patronage (local community versus mass audience), creation (improvised versus composed), and transmission (oralversus written). It has been a commonplace among critics that Hughes adopted the classic blues as the primary model for his blues poetry, and that he writes his best blues poetry when he tries least to imitate the folk blues. In this view, Hughes’ attempts to imitate the folk blues are too self-conscious, too determined to romanticize the African American e某perience, too intent on reproducing what he takes to be the quaint humor and naïve simplicity of the folk blues to be successful.But a more realistic view is that by conveying his perceptions asa folk artist ought to—through an accumulation of details over the span of his blues oeuvre, rather than by overloading each poem with quaintness and naivety–Hughes made his most important contributions to the genre. His blues poems are in fact closer stylistically to the folk blues on which he modeled them than to the cultivated classic blues. Arnold Rampersad has observed that virtually all of the poemsin the 1927 collection in which Hughes essentially originated blues poetry fall deliberatively within the “range of utterance” of common folk. This surely applies to “Young Gal’s Blues,” in which Hughes avoids the conventionally “poetic” language and images that the subjects of death and love sometimes elicit in his ordinary lyric poetry. To see what Hughes’ blues poetry might have been lik e if he had truly adopted the classic blues as his model, one need only look to “Golden Brown Blues,” a song lyric Hughes wrote for composerW.C. Handy. Its images, allusions, and diction are cons//on “rangeof utterance.”1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. describe the influence of folk and classic blues on blues poetryB. analyze the effect of African American culture on blues poetryC. demonstrate that the language used in Hughes’ blues poetry is colloquialD. defend Hughes’ blues poetry against criticism that it is derivativeE. refute an accepted view of Hughes’ blues poetry style2. The author of the passage uses the highlighted quotation primarily toA. indicate how blues poetry should be performedB. highlight the difficulties faced by writers of blues poetryC. support the idea that blues poetry is a genre doomed to failD. illustrate the obstacles that blues poetry is unable to overcomeE. suggest that written forms of blues are less authentic than sung blues3. It can be inferred from the passage that, as compared with the language of “Golden Brown Blues,”the language of “Young Gal’s Blues” isA. more colloquialB. more melodiousC. marked by more allusionsD. characterized by more conventional imageryE. more typical of classic blues song lyrics4. According to the passage, Hughes’ blues poetry and classic blues are similar in which of thefollowing ways?A. Both are improvisedB. Both are written downC. Both are intended for the same audienceD. Neither uses colloquial languageE. Neither is professionally performed3. 逻辑单题(直通车)Benovians set their clocks back an hour for the winter. Theresult is that, during winter’s short days, it is light when most commuters drive to work, but dark when they drive back home. Darkness contributes to accidents. Changing the clocks, however, does not actually increase the amount of driving done in the dark, so it isunlikely to have any effect on Benovia’s automobile accident rate.11. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?A. The average number of hours that Benovians drive when it is dark is greater for days during thewinter than for days during other times of the year.B. In Benovia, hazards to safe driving that are made worse by darkness are as likely to occur in themorning as in the evening.C. The majority of cars on Benovia’s roads during a given d ay are those of people commuting to orfrom work.D. The majority of automobile accidents in Benovia take place when it is dark.E. Driving conditions are no worse in Benovia in the winter than during the rest of the year.。
新GRE长篇阅读题（6）
新GRE长篇阅读题（6）新GRE长篇阅读题精选Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.1. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel becauseA. the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbonsB. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactionsC. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structureD. gasoline is composed of small molecules.E. gasoline is a carbon-based fuel2. Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the passage?A. Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.B. Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.C. Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual us e of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total population of the town.D. Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.E. Although a country reduces the speed limit on its national highways, the number of fatalities caused by automobile accidents continues to increase.3. It can be inferred from the passage that a vehicle specifically designed to use methanol for fuel wouldA. be somewhat lighter in total body weight than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasolineB. be more expensive to operate than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasolineC. have a larger and more powerful engine than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasolineD. have a larger and heavier fuel tank than a “gasoline clone” vehicle fueled with methanolE. average more miles per gallon than a “gasoline clone” vehicle fueled with methanol4. The passage suggests which of the following about air pollution?A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.B. Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individualgasoline-fueled vehicle emits have been largely unsuccessful.C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution.E. Reductions in pollutants emitted by individual vehicles have been offset by increases in pollution from sources other than gasoline-fueled vehicles.答案：B C E APassage 7Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features as a carefully annotate reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver”. The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.” Indeed,for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Bartons, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.下载文档。
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GRE长阅读习题
Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840’s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party (tea party: n.茶话会), an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and atranscription (a recording (as on magnetic tape) made especially for use in radio broadcasting) (again annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver.” The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.
As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could
hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.” Indeed, for a similarly convincing
re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect ofMary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.
The chapter “Old Alice’s History” brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account of Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study
of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness. The early chapters—about factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on his impaled insects—capture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.
1．According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D. H. Lawrence share which of the following?
(A) Depiction of the feelings of working-class families
(B) Documentary objectivity about working-class circumstances
(C) Richly detailed description of working-class
adjustment to urban life
(D) Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters
(E) Experimental prose style based on
working-class dialect
２．Which of the following phrases could best be substitut ed for the phrase “this aspect of Mary Barton” in line 29 without changing the meaning of the passage as a whole?
(A) the material details in an urban
working-class environment
(B) the influence of Mary Barton on lawrence’s early work
(C) the place of Mary Barton in the development of the English novel
(D) the extent of the poverty and physical suffering among England’s industrial workers in the 1840’s
(E) the portrayal of the particular feelings and responses of working-class characters
３．The author of the passage describes Mary Barton as each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) insightful
(B) meticulous
(C) vivid
(D) poignant (being to the point: APT)
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