计算机专业英语(第2版) (1)
《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)
计算机专业英语
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Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
计算机专业英语 Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 2009.9.1
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Key points: useful terms and definitions of
在 EDVAC 完 成 之 前 ， 其 他 一 些 机 器 建 成 了 ， 它 们 吸 收 了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟 存储自动计算机,或简称EDSAC，它在1949年5月首次运行，它可能是世 界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一 部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称BINAC,它在1949年8月投入运行。
附A2A3-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社
（1）体现实义性，不拘泥于语法
• 计算机专业英语在应用领域体现了一种实义性，也就是说，计算机专业英语用词节省、 句子精练、采用实义词汇而不拘泥于完整语法，只要能说明问题，阐述中心思想即可。 例如： ①讲究语法但不拘泥于语法 You will need the user’s manual in order to move up from Sunday driver to UNIX speedster. 为了从UNIX系统的初学者成为一名熟练者，最好使用用户手册。 ②赋予虚词实际意义 There is no if in the case 句中”if”就被赋予了实际意义。句意:这里没有假设的余地。 ③词性转换翻译 His computer is passworded, I can’t use.他给计算机加了密码，我不能使用。 ④典故与专用术语 This is the Achilles’heel which makes MS-DOS an unsuitable for integrating information equipment. 直译：这是阿基理斯的脚跟，它使MS-DOS不适合作为信息设备集成的运载体。 参考译文：这是MS-DOS的一个致命弱点，使它不适合作为信息设备集成的媒体。 Achilles’heel 是希腊神话中的一个故事，希神阿基里斯出生后被他的母亲倒提着在冥河 水中浸过，除了未浸到水的脚跟外，浑身刀枪不入，所以他的脚跟就成了其致命弱点。
（2）被动语句的翻译
• ①顺序翻译。当原文的被动语句直接翻译成汉语 的被动句，又符合汉语习惯时，可顺序翻译。如： It can be automatically generated by a compiler. 可被翻译为：“它可以由（被）一个编译器自动 产生”。 ②翻译成主动句。当翻译成汉语时，如不符合中 文表达习惯时，可以译为主动句。这类情况比较 常见于一些词汇，如expect, require, supply, need, cause等词汇。如：No return value is required.可以翻译为“不需要返回数据”。
计算机专业英语-1
What is the difference between data and information?
What is connectivity?
郑州升达经贸管理学院
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Although easy to overlook, people are surely the most important part of any information system. Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. Many times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the Internet. Other times, the contact is not as obvious.
郑州升达经贸管理学院
5
Procedures: The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.
计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案
Unit 1单词：〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。
面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。
Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it.你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 3〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 4单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 5单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到$500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。
Unit 1 计算机导论-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社
Text A The function of computers
ComputerEnglish
Unit One
Text A The function of computers
1. Central processing unit and Microprocessor
A general purpose computer has four main components(1): the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by(2) buses, often made of (3) groups of wires.
1. 元件部分 2. 由..联系起来 3. 由..组成
Text A The function of computers
• Inside each of these parts are trillions of small electrical circuits(4) which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). 注1 The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.
计算机专业英语课后答案(清华大学出版社第二版)
第一章Computer system overview(操作系统概述)I. Pre-reading Questions1.What is a digital computer?The digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word “digital”implies that theinformation in the computer is represented by variables that take a limited number of discrete values. These values are processed internally by components that can maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital computer is also called electronic computer or computer.2.Are there any differences between the binary number system and the common decimal number system?The decimal digits has ten digits: 0,1,2,,, and 9. The binary number system has two digits: 0 and 1. The binary numbers use a base 2. The decimal digits use a base 10.3.How many types of computers do you know? Name at least four of them. Computers are usually classified into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.II Fill in the following blanks.1.Application software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields.2. An 8-bit signed integer can have any value between -128 and 1273. System software controls the computer and enables it to run the hardware and applications software.4. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system .5. List four types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers , mainframe computers,and s upercomputers .III True or False.1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch. 1.F2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value forTRUE. 2.F3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks. 3. F4.T4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. 5. T IV Matching terms.1、(b) CPUThe processing unit is at the heart of a computer.2、(c) bit A unit of information conveyed by a single binary digit.3、(a) integrated circuit (IC)A complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip.4、(d) ASCII A system for encoding characters as binary digits.V Translating Terms.(1) coding techniques 编码技术(2) application software 应用软件(3) floating point data 浮点数据(4) timesharing 分时，分时技术(5) storage capacities 存储容量VI Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By usingvarious coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplishreal-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That2. A. what B. which C. where D. when3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American5. A. technique B. Technology C. techniques D. technologies6. A. instead of B. rather than C. but also D. as well7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity1.A2. B3. A4. B5. C6. C7. A8. D9. D 1 0.CVII. Translate the following into English.1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.通过应用各种编码技术。
计算机专业英语(第二版)参考答案
写在前面的话各位老师：您们好。
欢迎使用劳动版专业英语教材。
如果您在使用中发现问题，或者有任何建议和意见，可与我们联系：联系人：赵硕联系电话：64962011电子邮箱：zhaos@计算机专业英语（第二版）参考答案Unit 1Lesson1Look and LearnA 1 Monitor 显示器 2 Modem 调制解调器 3 System Unit 系统单元，主机4 Mouse 鼠标 5 Speaker音箱 6 Printer 打印机7 Keyboard 键盘B 1.麦克风可以用来刻录声音。
2.操纵杆是为玩游戏而设计的。
3.多数的扫描仪可以既扫描图片又扫描文本。
4.绘图板被用于图形设计。
DialogueA 略B 1. Mary is good at computer.2. Because it hasn’t the computer software system, Mike’s computer can’t work.3. Mike is a computer outsider.Reading179A Input Device: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, graphics tabletOutput Device: monitor, speaker, printerB Input device (输入设备) convert into(把….转变为) output device(输出设备) translate into (翻译成)Lesson 2Look and Learn1 BIOS-ROM 芯片2 Flash memory 闪存3 memory bank内存条4 CMOS setup CMOS 设置DialogueA Install configuration error utility invalidB1.Mary works at PC Support Center.2.Bill should run the CMOS setup utility to solve the problem.ReadingA 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 eB 1. Random access memory (RAM); RAM is volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off.2. Cache memory; Cache memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.3. Flash RAM; Flash RAM can retain data even if power is disrupted.1804. Read only memory (ROM); ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.1 Floppy disk 软盘2 CD-ROM 光驱3 Hard disk 硬盘4 Flash Disk 闪存盘；u盘 5 mobile hard disk 移动硬盘DialogueB１. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. YesReadingA 1 A 2 Bseries prevent unrecoverable comprise dustB concentric181Lesson 4Look and Learn1. CPU slot (CPU插槽)2. Memory slots （内存插槽）3.AGP slot（AGP 插槽）4.PCI slots（PCI插槽）5. Power connector （电源接口）6.Input/Output ports（输入输出端口）DialogueA interface socket battery slot processorB 1.Because the battery of the motherboard is getting low.2. The socket types of both the processor and the motherboard have to be the same for them to work with each other. The motherboard must have updated BIOS in order for the certain CPUs to work right.ReadingA tower medium component expansion serial specializeB 1 No 2 Yes 3 NoUnit 2Lesson1Look and Learn1. desktop2. Pop-up Menu3. Folder4. Screen saverDialogue182B1.His card is an external sound card.2.Windows will look for and install a driver automatically.ReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. c 4. aB1. Operating system recognizes input from the keyboard and sends output to the display screen.2. Operating system keeps track of files and directories on the disk.3. Operating system controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.Lesson2Look and LearnA Word Access Excel PowerPointB 1.Title bar 2.Menu bar 3. Toolbar 4.Row 5. Column 6. Cell 7.Statusbar DialogueA1. word2. icon3. dialog boxB1. NO2. Yes3. YesReadingA command grid software interface interact formulaB 1. a 2. b 3. cLesson3Look and LearnA. PhotoshopB. FlashC. 3DS MAXD. After EffectsDialogue1. web pages2. Flah Player3. Plug-in4. browser183ReadingA visual audio technology interactivity navigationalB 1. B 2.C 3. BLesson4Look and Learn1. carbon copy2. subject3. attachment4.salutationDialogueA 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NoB 1. set up 2. log 3. Outlook ExpressReadingA filter intention instruction confidentialB 1. D 2.C 3. A 4. BUnit 3Lesson1Look and Learnwork interface card2.Hub3. Switch4.Wireless Router5.CableDialogueB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. cB 1. a 2.c 3. bLesson2Look and Learn1841. Domain name2. Browser3. Website4. ProtocolDialogueA 1.ADSL 2. ISP 3. IP and DNS addressReadingA cable upload motorway permanentB 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. bLesson3Look and Learn1. bus2. star3. ring4. treeDialogueA 1.Toplogy 2. star 3. dynamicB 1. Yes 2. NO 3. Yes 4. NOReadingA format device protocol destinationB 1. c 2. a 3. bLesson4Look and Learn1. firewall2. antivirus3. spam4. virusDialogueA 1.Control panel 2. antivirus 3. securityB 1. NO 2. Yes 3. NO 4. YesReadingA hack management maintenance attackB 1. a 2. b185Unit 4Lesson1Look and learn（1）销售副总（2）营销经理（3）销售代表（4）销售助理（5）采买部经理（6）采购员DialogueAB 1. ABC Company and Huaxia Commercial Company2.products design3. configuration and priceReadingA 1.No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. YesB 1.B 2.B 3.DLesson 2Look and learn1. discount stores2. catalogue3. promotion4. market share Dialogue186187B1. Not at all.a.你怎么啦？有什么问题吗？ 2. What ’s wrong with you?b.期待再次相见。
计算机专业英语(张强华-第二版)重点单词及部分课后答案
Unit 1单词：〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。
面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。
Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it.你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 3〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 4单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）Unit 5单词〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到$500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。
计算机专业英语第二版 译文
《计算机英语》参考译文（精读部分）目录第1单元课文A：计算机概览 (3)一、引言 (3)二、历史 (3)三、硬件 (4)四、编程 (5)五、未来的发展 (5)第2单元课文A：计算机硬件 (5)一、引言 (5)二、输入硬件 (6)三、输出硬件 (6)四、存储硬件 (7)五、硬件的连接 (7)第3单元课文A：操作系统 (8)一、引言 (8)二、操作系统是怎样工作的 (8)三、当前的操作系统 (8)五、未来的技术 (10)第4单元课文A：编程语言 (11)一、引言 (11)二、语言类型 (11)三、高级语言的分类 (12)四、语言的结构与成分 (12)五、历史 (13)第5单元课文A：计算机程序 (13)一、引言 (13)二、程序开发 (14)三、程序元素 (14)四、程序功能 (15)五、历史 (16)六、未来 (16)第6单元课文A：软件生命周期 (17)第7单元课文A：进入关系数据库的世界 (19)一、什么是关系数据库？ (19)二、数据库管理系统的介绍 (20)三、不同的计算模型 (21)第8单元课文A：电信与计算机 (22)第9单元课文A：计算机网络 (24)一、引言 (24)二、调制解调器与计算机管理局 (24)三、局域网 (24)四、路由器与桥接器 (25)五、广域网 (25)六、分布式计算 (25)七、安全与管理 (26)第10单元课文A：因特网是如何工作的？ (26)一、因特网访问 (27)二、信息打包 (27)三、网络编址 (27)四、电子邮件 (28)五、传输模式 (28)六、带宽 (28)第11单元课文A：信息革命 (29)一、引言 (29)二、社会与技术发展 (29)三、信息革命的方向 (29)四、就业趋势 (30)五、信息技术与消费者 (31)六、信息革命的问题 (31)第12单元课文A：电子商务简介 (32)一、定义 (32)二、需求与服务 (32)第13单元课文A：计算机安全 (34)一、计算机安全面临的威胁 (34)二、保护计算机安全的措施 (36)第14单元课文A：比尔•盖茨文摘 (37)第1单元课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
附A1-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社
A.1 计算机专业英语主要句型
4、因果关系
(1) Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. 由于程序计数器是另一套存储器单元，因而它能被ALU中完成的计算所修改。 （2）An interrupt which can cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. 中断能使电脑停止正ev[x] = NIL, the element x has no predecessor and is therefore the first element, or head, of the list. prev[x] = NIL表示元素x没有前趋，因此x是第一个元素，即队头元素。 （4）An empty list consists of just the sentinel, since both next[nil[L]] and prev[nil[L]] can be set to nil[L]. 一个空表只包含有标志符，因为指针域next[nil[L]]和prev[nil[L]]都指向nil[L]。
A.1 计算机专业英语主要句型
3、功能、用途说明:常用于直接介绍某个对象的作用和功能，或者使用中应注意事项。
(1) A microprocessor typically performs a sequence of operations to fetch, decode, and execute an instruction. 典型的一个微处理器执行取指令、译指令和执行指令等一系列的操作。 （2）Computers have been widely used in our daily life. 电脑已经广泛用于我们的日常生活。 （3）Its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary. 它仅用于无需高速的情形。 （4）ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. ROM常被用于存储电脑的初始启动指令。 (5)Linked lists provide a simple, flexible representation for dynamic sets. 链表为动态集合提供了一个简单、灵活的表示形式。
计算机英语课件_Unit 1 What Is A Computer
例：Only when you have lots of money will everything be all right. 只有当你拥有很多钱的时候，所有的事情才会好起来。
（2）think of as 2、句子结构：
把…看作
例：For a long time the earth is think of as flat. 过去很长时间地球被认为是扁平的。
【学习难点】
掌握计算机分类的术语和理解英文地址的表达方式。
Project One: Computer Basics
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导学新课
【导学新课】
根据导学图的提示或你的经验，简述“什么是计 算机？”
Project One: Computer Basics
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Text: What Is A Computer?
例：Britain would be classified as third world country, soon . 英国很快就要被划归为第三世界国家了。
（2）either …or…
二者择一的；要么…要么…
例：Either save or print the obtained results, to use as you require. 保存或打印获得的结果，以便您根据需要使用。
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Text: What Is A Computer?
学习课文---P3 (通译全文，分析难句):
P4 第11行：Anything you buy for your computer can be classified as either hardware or software.
计算机英语学生用书(第二版)习题答案.docx
-128 127 hardware system software system 5. microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, supercomputersII. True or False.1. F2. F3. F4.T5. TIII. Matching terms.2. c3. a4. dl. bIV. Translating Terms.1. 编码技术2. 应用软件3. 浮点数据4. 分时，分时技术5. 存储容量V. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary ・1 ・ He __ from the accident unharmed ・emerged2. This material is ____ to be pure silk.warranted3. He changed his pounds for the ____ amount of dollars ・equivalent4・ The regulations ___ that you may use a dictionary in the examination.specify5. ____ mathematics has become popular in recent decades because of its applications tocomputer science ・Discrete6. The ____ 0.61 stands for 61 hundredths.decimal7. The electrically charged gas particles are affected by ____ f orces.magnetic& Bessie has ____ her life to caring for others.dedicatedVL Look at the following sente nee take n from your readi ng passage ・ Just think about what else you can “increase” and fill in the sentences with the right words ・e.g. A special very-high-speed memory called a cache is sometimes used to increase the speed of processing by making current programs and data available to the CPU at a rapid rale.2. The plan is to increase the effi ______ of the railway services and provide more choices for passengers.I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Application software2.3.System software4.ciency1.The aim of this course is to increase the awa ____ of self-worth of our black children・reness4.Their purposes in studyi ng in the United States in elude increasing their com _____ of En glish, to finish high school, and to understand the American way of life as much as possible・mancl3.When we are learning a new language we have to lake into account the increasing inter ____ of different cultures in society.actio n6.He in creased his sp ____ to overtake the lorry.eed5.This new teaching tool shows how to combine traditional classroom techniques with the use of video and this will increase the con _____ of teachers who may be unfamiliar with the medium, fidenceVII.Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank・A2. B3.A4. B5.C6.C7. A &D9. D 10.CVIII.Translate the following into English.1.通过应用各种编码技术。
计算机专业英语第二版课后翻译答案
Unite 1Section A: 1、artificial intelligence 人工智能2、paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3、Optical computer 光学计算机4、Neural network 神经网络5、Instruction set 指令集6、Parallel processing 并行处理器7、Difference engine差分机8、Versatile logical element 多用途逻辑元件9、Silicon substrate 硅衬底10、Vaccum tube 真空管11、数据的存储与管理the storage and management of data12、超大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit13、中央处理器central processing unit14、个人计算机personal computer15、模拟计算机analog computer16、数字计算机digital computer17、通用计算机general purpose computer18、处理器芯片processor chip19、操作指令operating instructions20、输入设备input devicesSection B1、artificial neural network 人工智能神经网络2、Computer architecture 计算机体系结构3、Robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4、Human-computer interface 人机接口5、Knowledge representation 知识代表6、数值分析numerical analysis7、程序设计环境programming environment8、数据结构data structure9、存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10、虚拟现实virtual realityUnit 2Section A：1、function key 功能键2、V oice recognition module 声音识别调制器3、Touch-sensitive region 触敏扫描仪4、Address bus 地址总线5、Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6、Dot-matrix printer 矩阵式打印机7、Parallel connection 并行连接8、Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9、Video game 电子游戏10、Audio signal 音频信号11、操作系统operating system12、液晶显示liquid crystal display13、喷墨打印机inkjet printer14、数据总线data bus15、串行连接serial connection16、易失性存储器volatile memory17、激光打印机laser printer18、磁盘存储器floppy disc19、基本输入输出系统basic input/output system20、视频显示器video displaySection B:1、interrupt handler 中断处理程序2、Virtual memory 虚拟内存3、Context switch 上下文转换4、Main memory 主存5、Bit pattern 位模式6、外围设备peripheral device7、进程表process table8、时间片time slice9、图形用户界面graphics user interface10、海量存储器mass storageUnit 3Section A:1、storage register 存储寄存器2、Function statement 函数语句3、Program statement 程序语句4、Object-oriented language 面向对象语言5、Assembly language 汇编语言6、Intermediate language 中间语言7、Relational language 关系语言8、Artificial language 人工语言9、Data declaration 数据声明10、SQL 结构化查询语言11、可执行程序executable program12、程序模块program module13、条件语句conditional statement14、赋值语句assignment statement15、逻辑语言logic statement16、机器语言machine language17、函数式语言functional language18、程序设计语言programming language19、运行计算机程序run a omputer program20、计算机程序员computer programmerSection B1、native code 本机代码2、Header file 头文件3、Multithreaded program 多线程程序4、Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5、Mallicious code6、机器码machine code7、汇编码assembly code8、特洛伊木马程序trojan9、软件包software package10、类层次class hierarchyUnit 4Section A1、inference engine 推理机2、System call 系统调用3、Compiled language 编译执行的语言4、Parellel computing 并行计算5、Pattern matching 模式匹配6、Memory location 存储单元7、Interpreter program 解释程序8、Library routine 库程序9、Intermediate program 中间程序10、Source file 源文件11、解释执行的语言interpreted language12、设备驱动程序device driver13、源程序source program14、调试程序debugger15、目标代码object code16、应用程序application program17、实用程序utility program18、逻辑程序logic program19、黑盒ink cartridge20、程序的存储与执行storage and execution of program Section B1、Messaging model 通信模式2、Common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻（环境）3、Hierarchical namespace 分层的名称空间4、Development community 开发社区5、CORBA 公共对象请求代理体系结构6、基本组件basic components7、元数据标记metadata token8、虚拟机VM virtual machine9、集成开发环境IDE（intergrated development environment）10、简单对象访问协议SOAP(simple object access protocol) Unit 5Section A1、system specification 系统规范2、Unit testing 单元测试3、Software life cycle 软件的生命周期4、System validation process 系统验证过程5、Evolutionary development process 进化发展过程6、Simple linear model 简单线性模型7、Program unit 程序单元8、Throwaway prototype 一次性使用原型9、Text formatting 文本格式10、System evolution 系统演变11、系统设计范例paradigm for system design12、需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition13、探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14、系统文件编制system documentation15、瀑布模型waterfall model16、系统集成system integration17、商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software18、基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering19、软件维护工具software maintenance tool20、软件复用software reuseSection B1、check box 复选框2、Structured design 结构化设计3、Building block 构建模块4、Database schema 数据库模式5、Radio button 单选按钮6、系统建模技术system modeling techniques7、模型驱动开发MDD(model-driven development)8、数据流程图data flow diagram9、下拉式菜单drop-down10、滚动条scroll barUnit 6Section A1、end user 终端用户2、Atomic operation 原子操作3、Database administrator 数据库管理员4、Relational database model 关系数据库模型5、Local data 本地数据6、Object-oriented database 面向对象的数据库7、Database management system 数据库管理系统8、Entity-relationship model 实体关系模型9、Distributed database 分布式数据库10、Flat file 展开文件11、二维表two-dimensional table12、数据属性data attributes13、数据库对象database object14、存储设备storage device15、数据类型data type16、数据插入与删除insertion and deletion17、层次数据库模型hierarchical18、数据库体系结构database architecture19、关系数据库管理系统ralational database management system20、全局控制总线global control busSection B1、nonvolatile storage system 易失性存储系统2、Equitment malfunction 设备故障3、Wound-wait protocol 损伤等待协议4、Exclusive lock 排它锁5、Database integrity 数据库完整性6、共享锁shared lock7、数据库实现database implementation8、级联回滚cascading rollback9、数据项data item10、分时操作系统time sharing operating system ;Unit 7Section A1、microwave radio 微波无线电2、digital television 数字电视3、DSL 数字用户线路4、analog transmission 模拟传输5、on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6、computer terminal 计算机终端7、radio telephone 无线电话8、cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机9、decentralized network 分散型网络10、wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网11、光缆fiber-optic cable12、传真机fax machine13、线通信wireless communications14、点对点通信point-to-point communications15、调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16、通信卫星communication(s) satellite17、电报电键telegraph key18、传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19、无绳电话cordless telephone20、金属导体metal conductorSection B1、bit map 位图2、parallel port 并行端口3、direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4、universal serial bus 通用串行总线5、general-purpose register 通用寄存器6、电路板circuit board7、串行通信serial communication8、数码照相机digital camera9、存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10、有线电视cable televisionUnit 8Section A1、file server 文件服务器2、carrier sense 载波检测3、Protocol suite 协议族4、Peer-to-peer model 点对点模型5、bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6、inter-machine cooperation 计算机间合作7、Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协作集8、Proprietary network 专有网络9、utility package 实用软件包10、star network 星形网络11、局域网local area network (LAN)12、令牌环token ring13、无线网络wireless network14、封闭式网络closed network15、环形拓扑网络ring topology16、客户/服务机模型client/server model17、网络应用程序network application18、进程间通信interprocess communication19、打印服务机printer server20、广域网wide area networkSection B1、routing path 路由选择通路2、dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3、extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4、backbone network 基干网，骨干网5、mesh topology网络拓扑结构6、同轴电缆coaxial cable7、逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8、无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9、树形拓扑结构tree topology10、目的地节点destination nodeUnit 9Section A1、cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2、IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3、autonomous system 自主系统4、dial-up connection 拨号连接5、network identifier 网络标识符6、binary notation 二进制记数法7、mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8、Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9、name server 名称服务器10、Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11、助记地址mnemonic address12、网吧cyber cafe13、宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14、顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15、因特网编址Internet addressing16、点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17、因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18、专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19、主机地址host address20、硬件与软件支持hardware and software support Section B1、incoming message 来报，到来的报文2、application layer 应用层3、utility software 实用软件4、sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5、remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6、端口号port number7、软件例程software routine8、传输层transport layer9、文件传送协议FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10、万维网浏览器Web browserUnit 10Section A1、mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2、proprietary software 专有软件3、cc line 抄送行4、bcc line 密送行5、forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7、click on an icon 点击图标8、confidential document 密件，秘密文件9、classified information 密级信息10、recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11、常用情感符commonly used emoticon12、已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13、电子系统electronic system14、附件行Attachments line15、版权法copyright law16、电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17、信息高速公路information superhighway18、签名文件signature file19、电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20、文字处理软件word processorSection B1、web-authoring software 网络写作软件2、template generator 模版生成程序3、navigation page 导航页面4、corporate logo 公司标识5、splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6、导航条navigation bar7、节点页面node page8、网站地图site map9、可用性测试usability testing10、图形交换格式gif（Graphics Interchange Format）Unit 11Section A1、customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2、B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3、mobile telephone 移动电话4、dot-com bust 网络不景气5、smart card 智能卡，灵巧卡6、digital piracy 数字盗版7、dot-com boom 网络繁荣8、C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9、Web auction site 拍卖网站10、fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11、射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12、电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13、库存管理技术inventory management technology14、知识产权intellectual property15、条形码bar code16、货币兑换currency conversion17、电子图书electronic book18、视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20、企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerceSection B1、software suite 软件套件2、text box 文本框3、virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4、static catalog 静态目录5、browser session 浏览器会话期6、动态目录dynamic catalog7、购物车软件shopping cart software8、供应链supply chain9、企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10、税率tax rateUnit 12Section A1、encryption program 加密程序2、deletion command 删除命令3、authorized user 授权的用户4、backup copy 备份5、voltage surge 电压浪涌6、circuit breaker 断路器7、electronic component 电子元件（或部件）8、data-entry error 数据输入错误9、electronic break-in 电子入侵10、power line 电力线，输电线11、检测程序detection program12、电源power source13、破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14、计算机病毒computer virus15、软件侵权software piracy16、硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17、病毒检查程序virus checker18、主存储器primary storage19、电子公告板electronic bulletin board20、浪涌电压保护器surge protectorSection B1、phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2、graphics card 显（示）卡3、heuristic analysis 试探性分析4、infected file 被感染文件5、virus dictionary 病毒字典6、数据捕获data capture7、恶意软件malicious software8、病毒特征代码virus signature9、防病毒软件antivirus software10、内存驻留程序memory-resident program。
《计算机专业英语教程(第2版)》教学大纲
课程教学大纲课程名称（中文）：信息技术基础（全英文）课程名称（英文）： Fundamentals of Information Technology 课程性质：（通识必修、通识选修、学科基础、专业必修、专业选修、教师教育）学分：2+2学时：72，其中理论学时：36，实践（实验）学时：36授课对象：中法工商管理创新实验班授课语言：英文开课院系：计算中心课程网址：大夏学堂https:///webapps/blackboard/execute/m odulepage/view?course_id=_360_1&cmp_tab_id=_706_1&editMode =true&mode=cpview撰写人：江红一、课程简介（英文）DescriptionThis Course is designed to enable students to use Information Technology (IT) systems and applications independently to support a range of information processing activities. It is designed to develop a broad knowledge of the theoretical concepts, principles, boundaries and scope of IT applications. These activities will be centred on using software applications packages (Windows, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, HTML, Access) tomeet complex information requirements while paying attention to security and the needs of other users.二、课程目标ObjectivesOn completion of the Course the students should be able to:1. Operate a range of IT equipment independently, giving attention to security and to other users.2. Use a range of software application packages to meet complex information requirements.三、教学内容、学时分配和作业要求Weekly Teaching GuideTeaching Schedule:四、教材、参考书目或其他学习材料⚫计算机专业英语教程（第2版），江红主编，清华大学出版社，2017.8. ISBN：9787302473190⚫计算机专业英语教程，江红主编，清华大学出版社，2012.1.ISBN: 9787302255321⚫信息技术基础（IT Fundamentals）双语教程. 江红主编，清华大学出版社，2008.11. ISBN: 9787302184232⚫（美）Timothy J. O'Leary, Linda I. O'Leary 著，计算机专业英语(Computing Essentials)，北京：高等教育出版社，2012. ISBN：9787040115451五、考核办法与评价结构比例六、教学和实践环境要求：Lecturing and Practicing Requirements:⚫Computer + Data projector⚫Speaker + microphone, etc., multimedia devices⚫Local Area Network⚫Windows 7 (English Version)⚫Office 2013 (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access) (English Version)⚫WINRAR⚫Authoring Tools: Dreamweaver, FrontPage, etc.。
Unit 9 MSDN-计算机专业英语(第2版)-邱晓红-清华大学出版社
1. History
The service started in 1992, but initially(7) only the Microsoft Developer Network CDROM was available(8). A Level II subscription(9)was added in 1993, that included the MAPI, ODBC, TAPI and VFW SDKs.
假名;化名;(尤指)笔名 提交 捐款人
1. History
The caricature (16) of Dr. GUI was based on a photo of Bob. When he left the MSDN team Dennis Crain took over the Dr. GUI role and added medical humor to the column.
最初地 可利用的 预定
1. History
MSDN2 was opened in November 2004 as a source for Visual Studio 2005 API information, with noteworthy(10) differences being updated web site code, conforming(11) better to web standards and thus giving a long awaited improved support for alternative web browsers to Internet Explorer in the API browser.
计算机专业英语1
• component • binary • interact • motherboard • RAM • ROM • BIOS • BUS • O/I • Harddisk • sector
• FAT • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM • burning • expansion card • modem • analogue • translator • graphics card • AC • 业英语》
郭敏 徐莹 杨阳
Unit 2 Computer Hardware
•
• •
Section1 Situational Dialog
Shopping for a Computer Passage A. A Guide on The Main Components In a PC Passage B. Introducing Common Peripherals Reading Skills Part 2—Characteristics of Computer English Vocabulary Characteristics of Computer English Text Part III of Commencement Speech at Stanford Given by Steve Jobs Intel Settles Antitrust AMD Case for $1.2bn A Brief Rundown of What You Need In A Laptop Tips: Upgrade Your PC with a New Graphics Card
计算机专业英语
Unit 2 Section 2 Passage A
•
Memory The Memory of the computer comes under two sections, the RAM (Random Access Memory) and the ROM (Read Only Memory). The difference between the two is that, RAM is volatile (which means that when the workstation powers down or switches off then the contents of the memory is cleared) and ROM is not. The ROM is also known as the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). Memory as in RAM is very important to the computer, especially if this particular computer is going to be working with a lot of large files and programs. However on the other hand ROM is not very important; the BIOS version written onto it is the most recent (or a fairly recent) version.
计算机专业英语第二版
• Personal Digital Assistants: much smaller than even the subnotebooks. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) weypical PDA combines pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communication capabilities in a very small package. Figure 1.2 shows an example of a PDA.
• Supercomputers are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations principally for research purposes. Among their uses are oil exploration and worldwide weather forecasting. An example of a supercomputer is shown in Figure 1.3.
••分析小 理型速：计度句算和中机数T，据h也 存ey被 储指称 能的为 力是中 介小型 于机 微型， 型计是 机算像 和机书 大；桌 型大 机短小 之语的间fa机。ll器中in。型b它公et们司we的或en处大 意思型是公“司的介部于门两一者般之把它间们”用，于i特n t殊he用ir途p。ro例ce如ss，in可g s以pe使e用ds它an们d做 data研-s究to或rin监g视ca某p一ac个iti生es产是过介程词。短小型语公作司状一语般。使用小型机进行一般
分析：in exchange for less weight 是介词短语作目的状 语，意思是“为了换取较轻的重量”。
5-计算机专业英语(第2版)-卜艳萍-清华大学出版社
• An online auction is the electronic equivalent to oldfashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and auctions.
• Hosted by an Internet auction site, such as eBay, sellers post their merchandise or services and buyers bid for the posted items.
Unit 21 Electronic Commerce
21.1 TБайду номын сангаасxt
• The term electronic-commerce typically refers to business transactions that are conducted electronically over a computer network.
• The auction site does not own or hold the merchandise; rather, it merely facilitates the online bidding process and the transactions between buyers and sellers.
• It encompasses all aspects of business and marketing processes enabled by Internet and Web technologies.
• E-commerce wares include many kinds of physical products, digital products, and services.
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Chapter Ⅰ
Reading Materials Passage Ⅱ
Multimedia Personal Computer
Syntax
1. The requirements for an MPC are described in detail in Microsoft’s Multimedia PC Specification Version 1.0. Here are the key elements of the specification:
【分析】此句为被动语态，其中key这一词在该句中为形容词，译为“关键的”；specification的意思是“规范，说明书”。
【句意】Microsoft公司的《多媒体PC机规范1.0版》一书对MPC机进行了详细描述。
以下是此规范的要求：
2. BASE SYSTEM: a Windows-capable system with a 10-MHz 286 or faster CPU; at least 2MB of RAM; a 30 MB or larger hard disk; a
3.5-inch 1.44 MB floppy drive; a 101-key keyboard; a two-button mouse; and parallel, serial, and joystick ports.
【分析】该句中parallel的意思是“并行”，serial的意思是“串行”，joystick port的意思是“控制杆端口”。
【句意】基本系统：一个能运行Windows的系统。
它采用10MHz时钟的286或速度更快的CPU；至少有2MB的RAM；30MB或更大的硬盘空间；3.5英寸1.44MB的软盘驱动器；101键盘；两按钮的鼠标器以及并行、串行的控制杆端口。
3. CD-ROM: a CD-ROM drive that transfers at least 150KB of data per second without taking up more than 40 percent of the CPU’s attention, play CD audio, and has an average access time of 1 second or less.
【分析】without 介词，意思是“没有，不，（表条件）如果没有, 要没有”，通常表示否定。
【句意】CD-ROM：要求CD-ROM光驱的数据传输速率至少为每秒150 KB，不能占用40%以上的CPU时间，能播放CD，平均存取时间为1秒或更短。
4. AUDIO: a sound board with 8-bit, 11.025-kHz sampling and 22.05-kHz playback; a synthesizer capable of playing eight notes simultaneously using five different sounds; a mixer to combine CD audio, sampling, and synth; a microphone input; and MIDI in, out, and thruports.
【分析】playback的意思是“录音重放，重放”在该句中指声音回放；simultaneously 的意思是“同时地”；synthesizer和synth这两个词的意思相同，均指“综合者，[电子]合成器”。
【句意】音频功能：一块8位的、11.025kHz取样和22.05kHz回放的声卡；能同时放8个使用5种不同音色的音律的合成器；能把光盘音频、取样和合成声音混合起来的混声器；麦克风输入；MIDI（乐器数字接口）输入、输出和通路。
5. Every new technology has its own buzzwords, and sorting them out can be real detective work. The following is two jargons of MPC.
【分析】buzzword名词意思是“专门用语，术语”，与某一特定领域或组织相联系，主要用于给外行之人加深印象的听起来重要的单词或短语；词组sort… out的意思是“分类出”；jargon的意思是指“行话，术语”。
【句意】每一种新技术都有它自己的术语，将它们进行分类是一项非常精细的工作。
下面是MPC的两个术语。
6. FULL-MOTION VIDEO: Full-motion video is digitally recorded video played back at the broadcast standard of 30 frames per second, or close enough to that speed so the video appears smooth rather than jerky.
【分析】rather than的意思是“胜于”。
【句意】全运动图像：全运动图像是以数字方式记录的视频图像，以每秒30帧的电视广播标准或者非常接近于此的速度重现图像，因而这些视频图像看上去很自然，没有跳跃感。
7. MIDI: MIDI is short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard specification developed by music synthesizer manufacturers. The concept of being able to control several instruments from one keyboard has grown into a method for putting musical instruments, tape recorders, VCRs, mixers, and even stage-lighting under the control of a single computer.
【分析】under the control of译为“在……的控制之下”。
【句意】MIDI：MIDI是乐器数字接口的缩写。
它是由音乐合成器制造商开发的标准规范。
从一个键盘能控制几个乐器的想法已变为现实，它能把乐器、磁带录音机、录像机、混声器、甚至舞台灯光等置于单台计算机的控制之下。