新编大学英语(浙大版)第1册译文
新编大学英语(浙大版)第一单元1-2 课文
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After-Class ReadingPASSAGE I A Kiss for KateProper NamesChris(男子名)克里斯Kate(女子名)凯特Phyllis(女子名)菲莉斯New Wordsawait*v. wait for something 等待e.g. He is anxiously awaiting the result of the medical tests.blondadj. (男子)白肤金发碧眼的bygoneadj. 过去的,逝去的chat*v. talk in a friendly informal way 闲聊,聊天e.g. She spends hours on the phone chatting with her friends.chinn. 下巴commodity*n.1) 商品e.g. The country's most valuable commodities include diamonds and gold.2) 有价值的东西e.g. If you're going into teaching, energy is a necessary commodity.adv. 秘密地,悄悄地conversation*n. informal talk in which people exchange news, feelings, and thoughts (友好、随便的)谈话e.g. I had an interesting conversation with the person who lives in the flat below us this morning.dependent*adj. needing someone or something 依靠的,依赖的e.g. All life is dependent on the sun.deprive*v. take something away from someone 剥夺e.g. He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom.devotion*n. great love or loyalty 忠诚,热爱e.g. She will be remembered for her selfless devotion to the cause.dining*n. 就餐e.g. dining hall 餐厅dining room 餐室dining table 餐桌floodgaten. 泄水闸(门),防洪闸(门)frailadj. thin and weak 虚弱的,柔弱的function*v. work the way it is supposed to 正常工作,正常生活e.g. The lungs function to supply the body with oxygen. 肺的作用是为全身提供氧气。
新编大学英语(浙大版)第一册第四单元Unit 4 Holidays and Special Days课文翻译
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BOOK IUnit 4 Holidays and Special DaysTeaching Aims:教学目标In this unit students are required to :本单元要求学生1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解本单元阅读部分的相关信息,了解更多关于英语文化的知识;2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;做一些准备活动,如讨论、小组工作等,以练习他们的口语技巧和沟通技巧;3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;抓住一些生词,试着用这些词来丰富自己的词汇量;4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章,掌握课堂上阅读的一些表达和语法点,提高阅读理解能力;5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些课外阅读练习和课后阅读练习,以提高他们的英语综合技能。
新编大学英语第一册unit1TextBAKissforKate
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A Kiss for KateEvery afternoon when I came on duty as the evening nurse, I would walk the halls of the nursing home, pausing at each door to chat and observe. Often, Kate and Chris, their big scrapbooks in their laps, would be reminiscing over the photos. Proudly, Kate showed me pictures of bygone years: Chris tall, blond, handsome; Kate pretty, dark-haired, laughing. Two young lovers smiling through the passing seasons. How lovely they looked now, sitting there, the light shining on their white heads, their time-wrinkled faces smiling at the memories of the years, caught and held forever in the scrapbooks.How little the young know of loving, I'd think. How foolish tothink they have a monopoly on such a precious commodity. Theold know what loving truly means; the young can only guess.Kate and Chris were always together in the dining room, the lounge, strolling around the big porches and lawns, always holding hands. As we staff members ate our evening meal, sometimes Kate and Chris would walk slowly by the dining-room doors. Then conversation would turn to a discussion of the couple's love and devotion, and what would happen when one of them died. We knew Chris was the strong one, and Kate was dependent upon him.How would Kate function if Chris were to die first? Weoften wondered.Bedtime followed a ritual. When I brought the evening medication, Kate would be sitting in her chair, in nightgown and slippers, awaiting my arrival. Under the watchful eyes of Chris and myself, Kate would take her pill, then carefully Chris would help her from the chair to the bed and tuck the covers in around her frail body. Observing this act of love, I would think for the thousandth time, good heavens, why don't nursing homes have double beds for married couples? All their lives they have slept together, but in a nursing home, they're expected to sleep in single beds. Overnight they're deprived of a comfort of a lifetime.How very foolish such policies are, I would think as I watched Chris reach up and turn off the light above Kate's bed. Then tenderly he would bend, and they would kiss gently. Chris would pat her cheek, and both would smile. He would pull up the side rail on her bed, and only then would he turn and accept his own medication. As I walked into the hall, I could hear Chris say, "Good night, Kate," and her returning voice, "Good-night, Chris," whilethe space of an entire room separated their two beds.I had been off duty two days and when I returned, the first newsI heard was, "Chris died yesterday morning.""How?""A heart attack. It happened quickly.""How's Kate?""Bad."I went into Kate's room. She sat in her chair, motionless, hands in her lap, staring. Taking her hands in mine, I said, "Kate, it's Phyllis." Her eyes never shifted; she only stared. I placed my hand underher chin and slowly turned her head so she had to look at me. "Kate, I just found out about Chris. I'm so sorry.At the word "Chris", her eyes came back to life. She looked at me, puzzled, as though wondering how I had suddenly appeared. "Kate, it's me, Phyllis. I'm so sorry about Chris."Recognition and sadness flooded her face. Tears welled upand slid down her cheeks. "Chris is gone," she whispered."I know," I said. "I know."We pampered Kate for a while, letting her eat in her room, surrounding her with special attention. Then gradually the staff worked her back into the old schedule. Often, as I went past her room, I would observe Kate sitting in her chair, scrapbooks onher lap, gazing sadly at pictures of Chris.Bedtime was the worst part of the day for Kate. Although she was allowed to move from her bed to Chris's bed, and although the staff chatted and laughed with her as they tucked her in for the night, still Kate remained silent and sadly withdrawn. Passing her room an hour after she had been tucked in, I'd find her wide awake, staring at the ceiling.The weeks passed, and bedtime wasn't any better. She seemed so restless, so insecure. Why? I wondered. Why this time of day more than the other hours?Then one night as I walked into her room, only to find the same wide-awake Kate, I said impulsively, "Kate, could it be you miss your good-night kiss?" Bending down, I kissed her wrinkled cheek. It was as though I had opened the floodgates. Tears ran down her face; her hands gripped mine. "Chris always kissed me good-night," she cried."I know," I whispered."I miss him so, all those years he kissed me good-night." She paused while I wiped the tears. " I just can't seem to go to sleep without his kiss."She looked up at me, her eyes full of tears. "Oh, thank you for giving me a kiss."A small smile turned up the corners of her mouth. "You know,"she said confidentially, "Chris used to sing me a song."He did?""Yes," her white head nodded "and I lie here at night and think about it.""How did it go?"Kate smiled, held my hand and cleared her throat. Then her voice, small with age but still melodious, lifted softly in song: So kiss me, my sweet, and so let us part. And when I grow too old to dream, That kiss will live in my heart.。
新编大学实用英语1前5单元课文翻译
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新编大学实用英语 1 前5单元课文翻译Unit 1参考译文:你现在是大学生了,你体会到高中与大学的不同了吗?成为大学一年级的新生真让人高兴!高中一年级时,你通常满心忧虑,而现在不同了,大学帮助新生在同班同学之间建立起牢固的关系。
尽可能多修一些课程。
如果你已经和同学之间建立了友谊,会使你从高中到大学过渡的更容易。
在大学里你会处于一个新的学习环境。
你不再是一个只坐在那里被动地听老师讲课的学生。
你要自己决定什么最重要。
在大学里教授会要求你说出自己的想法。
课上积极参与并提出自己的看法是在大学取得成功的关键。
另外,你应该学会平衡学习和社交生活。
这种平衡在高中阶段很可能是父母帮你完成的。
既然你已经上大学了,就不能再依靠父母帮助你安排学校生活,制定行为规范和调动你的学习积极性。
现在所有这些事情应由你来做。
你可以参加很多晚会和周末活动。
虽然了解新环境并利用社交机会很好,但重要的是你要抽出时间专心学习。
最后一点是你要住校了。
如果你不是来自于寄宿学校,你很可能需要适应于室友一起的生活。
在大学里室友对你帮助很大。
进入大学的前几周可能会很寂寞--你到了一个新地方新环境,但应的过程中帮你很快适应大学生活Uinit 2学习英语--或是其他任何第二语言--都是非常困难的,尤其当你生活在一个很少讲英语的城市里,因此你很难有机会使用这种语言。
但是如果你能找到自己喜欢的练习英语的方法,并设法使自己经常置身于英语环境中,学习英语也将是一件很有意思的事情,而且慢慢地你的英语水平也会得到提高。
以下的一些技巧可能会帮助你更快更好地学习英语。
尽可能使英语学习令人愉快,有趣而且实用。
你也许会花很多时间学习英语,因此有必要使其变得有乐趣。
你应该多读一些自己真正感兴趣的英文材料,而不是尽力地大量记忆书本或网站上的单词,却从不使用。
可以考虑参加某种培训课程。
独自学习往往很难保持积极性。
你常常规划学习,却又老觉得没有时间去完成,因此无论在当地还是在网上参加正规的英语课程都会很有帮助的。
新编大学英语1课后翻译答案(部分)
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Unite 11.当我知道了详细情况时,我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。
When I know the details I realized that I shouldn’t have lost my temper in the office.2.我和Bob不是很熟,不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。
I didn't know Bob very well, but we go out for an occasional drink together.3.会议应该在周二召开,但我们不得不推迟。
The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to postpone it/put it off.4.我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所有中国人回到祖国。
Our government took action to bring all the Chinese in that country back to China.5.包括周末在内,仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。
Including weekends, there are only 12 more days to buy Christmas presents.6.如不立刻采取行动,许多野生动物就会因饥饿而亡。
Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.Unite 31.除非你有经验否则你得不到这份工作。
You won't get the job unless you have got the experience.2.我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。
Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3.这句话意思很清楚,绝不会引起误会。
新编大学英语1 unit 2课文翻译
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UNIT 2 Remembering and ForgettingSpecial Delivery特种快递到了机场,我才发现我兄弟搭乘的航班延误了一个小时。
通常我在机场等候接人时,会把时间消磨在观看飞机起落上。
可那天晚上我头疼得厉害。
我想喷气发动机发出的噪音会使我头疼更厉害,于是决定在机场内逛一会儿。
当我走过那些店铺时,碰巧看到陈列在那儿的航空箱包,这使我想起了自己的公文包。
我这才意识到公文包没在身上。
我马上努力回忆会把它遗忘在了哪里。
自从离开航空公司票务柜台后,我没有在其他任何地方停留过,所以我推想,我一定是把包留在那里了。
我急忙回去取,可是公文包已无影无踪。
起先我确信一定是有人顺手把它拿走了,但随后又想,也有可能看到包的人已把它交给了柜台,于是便在票务柜台排队等候。
轮到我时,我描述了包的特征,并询问是否有人把它交到了柜台。
那位航空公司代理摇了摇头。
这时我朝他身后的行李输送带瞥了一眼,输送带正把行李从办理登机手续处往下面的装货区传送。
我大声叫道:“我的包在那儿!”然而,当代理回头看时,公文包已传送到输送带的尽头,突然消失了。
“你看到你的包了?”代理问我。
“是的!”我大声说。
“它刚穿过那边那个入口。
这下我怎样才能把它取回来呢?”“这不难,”代理回答说。
“把你的行李领取凭证给我,我想我们能够在装机前截住它。
”“可我没有行李凭证!”我答道。
“我没办托运!我哪儿都不去。
我是来接人的。
”我平静了一下情绪,解释了事情的经过,并指出很可能有人把包交到了柜台,而某位代理把它和其他行李一起办了托运并放到了传送带上。
代理告诉我,能找回包的唯一办法是,填写一张认领单,在上面写清公文包的外观特征。
等我填完表格,代理打电话到下面的行李区查询时,包已被装上了一架航班,但不知是哪一架。
代理记下了我的电话号码,并保证他们找到包就给我打电话。
尽管我住在苏城,离机场有一个半小时的车程,他们还是会找到包就立刻送到我家来。
我兄弟的航班到了。
新编大学英语综合教程第一册7-10单元课后翻译
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新编大学英语综合教程第一册7-10单元课后翻译Unit71. 我朋友说她会考虑向该学校捐款。
(consider, make donation)My friend said she would consider making a donation to the school.2. 我建议他认真考虑一下,然后再作决定。
(suggest)I suggest he think carefully about it before he makes any decisions.3. 明天约翰很可能会来参加聚会。
(be likely to)John is likely to come to the party tomorrow.4. 仅有理论知识是不够的,我们还要学会如何将理论应用于实践。
(put into practice)It is not enough to have only theoretical knowledge. We should learn how to put theory into practice.5. 你本不应该再回到那幢还在燃烧的大楼,你可能会被严重烧伤的。
(shouldn't have, might have) You shouldn't have gone back to the burning building—you might have been badly / seriously burned.6. 我从来没有想过会有问题。
(cross sb.'s mind)It had never crossed my mind that there might be a problem.7. 查尔斯(Charles)怕羞,不会主动结交朋友。
(take the initiative)Charles is shy and does not take the initiative in making friends.Unit81. 要进行长时间的谈判(negotiations)才能达成协议。
新编大学英语(一)词汇
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dependent [di'pend4nt]
adj.依靠的,依赖的
deprive [di'praiv]
v.剥夺
devotion [di'v4u54n]
n.忠诚,热爱
dining ['daini6]
n.就餐
floodgate ['fl8dgeit]
n.泄水闸(门),防洪闸(门)
puzzled
adj.迷惑的,困惑的
rail [reil]
n.栏杆
recognition ['rek4g'ni54n]
n.认出,意识到
reminisce [remi'nis]
v.畅谈、追忆往事
restless ['restlis]
adj.焦躁不安的
ritual ['ritju4l]
pressure ['pre54]
n.压力
purr [p4:]
v.低声地叫
relaxation [ri:l1k'sei54n]
n.消遣
remark [ri'ma:k]
v.谈论,说
resident ['rezid4nt]
n.居民
rub [r8b]
v.摩擦
n.命运,运气
frustration [fr8s'trei54n]
n.沮丧,挫折感
halting ['h3:lti6]
adj.一瘸一拐的
handrail ['h1ndreil]
n.(楼梯等的)扶手,栏杆
impatient [im'pei54nt]
新编大学英语(浙大版)第一册第三单元Unit 3 Culture课文翻译
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Book IUnit 3 Culture文化Teaching Aims:教学目标:In this unit students are required to :在本单元,学生须1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解有关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息,了解更多关于英语文化的知识;2)ssion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;do some preparation activities such as discu练习他们的口语技巧和交际技巧;做一些准备活动,如discu3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;掌握一些新单词,试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇;4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章,掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点,提高阅读理解能力;5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习,以提高他们在课堂上的知识,提高他们的英语综合技能。
新编大学英语Unit 1--8 课文翻译
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Unit 1 PersonalityIn-Class Reading羞怯的痛苦1 对许多人来说,羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。
各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。
羞怯的人会焦虑不安,感到不自然;也就是说,他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。
脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法:我给人留下的是什么印象?他们喜欢我吗?我讲话是不是傻里傻气?我长得难看。
我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。
2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。
一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中,而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。
通常,人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。
例如,具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。
而由于自信,他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励,也能使自己感觉良好。
自信者热情、自发地投入生活。
他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。
有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害;他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。
相反,他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。
3 相比之下,羞怯的人自尊心较弱,往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。
他们(是否)在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。
害羞的人对批评非常敏感;他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。
他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴,因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。
羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞:“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。
我知道这不是真的。
”显然,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。
4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢?幸运的是,人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。
由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的,因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。
例如,大多数人希望每门功课都得A。
5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难,就把自己列为差生,这不恰如其分。
人们对自己的期望必须现实。
老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能,甚至产生嫉妒。
新编大学英语课后答案 第一册(浙江大学版)
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Part onepreparation1.step oneparent—child employer—employee clerk—customerhusband—wife write—reader driver—passengerteacher—student host—guest buyer—sellerdoctor—patient boyfriend—girlfriend performer—audiencestep twoco-workers,colleagues,classmates,roommates,schoolmates,seatmates,playmates,lovers,supervisor,neighbors,co-author...Part twopost-readingReading Comprehension1. (1) A B A A B (6)CAC2. 1)killed 2)wounded 3)arrived 4)girl 5)badly/seriously 6)blood 7)none8)American 9)type 10)orphans 11)French 12)difficultly 13)frightened14)would 15)cried 16)Vietnamese 17)dying 18)understand 19)willing20)friend3.(略)Vocabulary1.1)reply 2)land 3)pat 4)supplied 5)wound 6)pat 7)replied 8)signed9)wounded 10)supplies 11)sign 12)balance 13)land 14)balance2.DACEFB3.1)Insert 2)in the balance 3)requests 4)relief 5)let out 6)tiny 7)steady8)stiff 9)occasional 10)misunderstood 11)limited 12)actionTranslation1)I am tried. I should not have stayed up too late last night.2)I am not quite acquainted with Bob, yet we go out for an occasional drink together.3)We are supposed to meet her at the train station.4)You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you didn't take any action to save them.5)Including weekends, there are only twelve more days left to buy Christmas gifts.6)Without immediate action, many wild animals would die from hunger.Part ThreeFURTHER Development1.B: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before.B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam. If he had worked harder, the exam would not been so difficult for him.B: But he really shouldn't have stayed up the night before exam.B: That's terrible. He shouldn't have cheated on the exam.2. 1)A.Although/Though B.though C.though 2)A.reply/answer B.answer C.replying 3)A.speaks B.speak C.talking D.speak/talk 4)A.injured B.hurt C.wounded/injured D.wounds 5)A.houses B.apartment, apartments 6)A.aside B.apart C.aside/apart 7)A.requests B.requested C.demanded D.demands 8)A.border B.boundary C.boundaryPart onepreparationstep one(略)step two1)b 2)d 3)a 4)cPart twopost-readingReading Comprehension1.1)brother 2)late 3)land 4)take 5)because 6)noise 7)worse 8)bags9)briefcase 10)counter 11)look 12)said 13)on 14)loading 15)get16)have 17)form 18)delivered 19)airport 20)home 21)unloaded 22)never 23)realized 24)flights 25)midnight2. 1)F F F F T F T FVocabulary1. 1)B A A B A 6)B B A A B2. 1)off 2)in 3)by 4)down 5)for 6)of 7)in 8)off 9)in 10)on11)out/in 12)from3. 1)shocked 2)concluded 3)glancing 4)baggage 5)exclaimed 6)display7)whoever 8)promise 9)agent 10)airlines 11)opening 12)engine4. delay for an hourmeet a flight/meet somebody at the airportwatch planes land and take offhappen toremind …ofhurry backby any chanceglance/look over one's shouldervanish from sightcalm down a littlesend/deliver to one's addresshead for one's car in the parking lotunload one's carcan't believe one's eyesshortly/soon after midnightTranslation1)The song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.2)There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.3)All flights to New York are/were delayed because of the nasty/bad weather.4)Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.5)I can't find my checkbook. I must have left it at home.6)The storm had already stopped by the time the football match was going to start.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENTSection A1. 1)when 2)which/that 3)who/that 4)that 5)what 6)where 7)which 8)whose 9)(that)10)how 11)which 12)which 13)why 14)whoever2. 1)A.remember B.reminded C.remind 2)A.number B.amount C.amounts 3)A.effectB.affectC.affect 4)pare...with/to pared...to pared with/toSection B1.briefcase2.engine3.specific4.realistic5.ability6.airline7.vanish8.delivery9.accurate 10.recall 11.display 12.expert 13.involved 14.helpful 15.view 16.repeat 17.jewel 18.dull 19.unableUnit 3Part onepreparation1.step one1)The man wants to express his love to the woman. He hopes that they could fall in love just like the two persons in the picture.2)The woman wants to prevent the boy from doing that.3)The woman wants to know the man's opinion about the thing.4)The man wants to stop the boy from disturbing him, and gives the boy an advice.step two(略)2.(略)3. 1)GAHCB 6)EFD4. 1)EAFBD 6)CPart twopost-readingReading Comprehension1. 1)Non verbal language or body language is also an important means of communication.2)A)the gesture of nodding the head up and down,B)eye contact,C)the sign of waving the hand/a wave of the land,D)Personal conversation distance.3)cultural awareness.2.1)Because nonverbal signals of another culture may mean something very different from what they mean in our own culture.2)It includes facial expressions gesture, and other movements of the body that send messages.3)"It" refers to nodding the head up and down.4)Because the salesman misunderstood the student that he agreed to buy the machine.5)In the United States, looking into a person's eyes is expected.6)If an American waves good-bye to an Asian schoolboy, he would come closer.7)Because they come from different countries, and different cultures make them prefer to different distances during a conversation.8)It is awareness of different nonverbal signal of different cultures. Vocabulary1. 1)ABBAB 6)ABBAB2. 1)gesture 2)signal 3)misunderstanding 4)behaved 5)curls 6)meaningful7)rarely 8)means 9)unfamiliar 10)decreased 11)bowed 12)communication13)facial 14)awareness 15)occurTranslation1)You won't get the job unless you have got some experience.2)I spent most of my time (most of my time is spent)studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.3)This sentence is so clear that it can not cause any misunderstanding.4)He wishes he could give her more help than he does.5)Put on your coat, or you would catch cold.6)A Picasso is added to her collection.7)I am not aware of ever having been here before.8)If you continue your rude behavior to everybody, you would soon find yourself without any friends.(You’ll soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.)Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1.S ection A1)I don't know whether to go to the movies or stay to watch TV at home. 2)I'm wondering when to leave.3)Please tell us (let us know) where to send your mail.4)I haven’t decided which city to settle in.5)I'm not sure(I don't know)whom to ask for help.6)Could you show(tell) me how to get to the railway station from here? 7)We should discuss what to do with the money.Section BExample 1:1)The earlier you leave,the sooner your will arrive.2)More expensive the hotel is,the better service it has.3)The more you get to know him,the more you like him.4)The more longer you wait, the more impatient you have.Example 2:1)The garden is about four times bigger than mine.2)The house is about three times as expensive as his.3)He runs three times faster than I do.4)Machine works ten times as efficient as people do.Example 3:1)she asks about that2)you study hard3)I give him $ 2004)you speak loudly2. 1)expands 2)means 3)sign 4)genuine 5)reward 6)fault 7)effort 8)horizons 9)habit 10)resolve 11)recognized5.STEP ONEdaecbSTEP TWO1)caught his eye2)have eyes bigger than my stomach3)making eyes at4)turn a blind eye to5)take my eyes offUnit 4Part onepreparation1.新生字母表ASSIGNMENTSBOOKSCAMPUS I liveDORMITORYEXAMINATIONSFRIENDS I enjoy talk withGRAMMARHOBBIESINFORMATION I can get it from internetJOBKNOWLEDGELIBRARYMAJORNOTESOKPROFESSORSQUIZZES I am afraid of themREPORTSSCHOLARSHIPSTUTION I have to pay for my educationUNIVERSITIESVACATIONSWEEKENDSX'MAS CARDSYAHOOZOOPart twopost-readingReading Comprehension1.II. A)I went to the wrong building,so went to the wrong classroomB)step,dropped,fellC)going to the cafeteria and stayed in roomIII. he also dropped the food tray and fell to the ground.he seemed to fell that nothing serious had happened.IV. A)one made mistake in college2. 1)No,it is not true that everyone on campus was not watch the narrator. It is just a kind of feeling from the narrator. Because it is the first day of his college life , he was very nervous.2)He wanted to stay out of the professor's vision.3)Literature.4)Biology majors look serious.5)A)Here "it" refers to my entire life.B)It was terrible.6)Here "it" refers to the terrible thing that the narrator fell.7)Because she/he was afraid of those students recognized him.8)" The same fate" means to the student drop a tray and fall just like the narrator.9)Because he did not take it serious.10)"It" refers to whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong lecture, etc.11)Mistakes.12)Making mistakes is not as serious as one would think. Vocabulary1. 1)taste 2)rearing 3)tips 4)taste 5)settled 6)major 7)lot 8)rear 9)settle10)major 11)settled 12)tip2. 1)tray 2)view 3)clasps 4)relax 5)crashed 6)schedule 7)slip 8)groped9)completely 10)grinned 11)opportunities 12)hesitation Translation1)It is too hot in the room. Please open the window!2)We are waked up by the noise in the middle of the night.The noise woke us up inn the middle of the night.3)It was nothing more than a joke , so he should not have been angry at what I said.4)We invited all friends to the picnic, but only five of them showed up because of rain.5)She viewed marriage as a serious thing.6)To my disappointment, the movie didn't live up to my expectations. Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1.Section A1)laugh——to laugh/laughing2)were——be/is3)saw——had seen4)to go——go5)as——like6)like——as7)too——either8)we can——can weSection BSample 1:1)If I found $100 in the street, I would give it to the policeman.2)If someone pointed a gun at me, I would fall in a faint.3)If I had had enough training, I would have been promoted.4)If I had that you were ill, I would have bought some delicious food for you.Sample 2:1)It might rain. You'd better change your plan to stay at home.2)We've almost run out of money. We'd better not continue our trip.3)You don't look very well. You'd better have a rest.4)The river look very dirty. You'd better not drink it.2.Section A1)living 2)find out 3)awaiting 4)bored 5)clapped 6)in time 7)sweat8)wonderingSection B1)fund 2)stress 3)rear 4)aid 5)fund 6)stressed 7)rear 8)aid 9)crash10)discipline 11)viewed 12)structure 13)crash 14)discipline 15)views16)structureUnit 5Part onepreparation1.STEP ONE1. mouse2.pig3.fish4.mule5.bird6.owlSTEP TWO1)fish 2)pig 3)mouse 4)mule 5)owl 6)bird3.tusk 象牙hoof 蹄fur 毛皮tail 尾巴beak 鸟喙claw 爪子horn 角shell 甲,壳spot 斑点stripe 条纹wing 翅膀hind leg 后腿Part twopost-readingReading Comprehension1.para.1-2——What we mean by culture.para.3.——Animals can not only use tools but also make tools.para.4——Animals can learn and share behavior.para.5——Animals can communicate with some forms of language.para.6——There are limits to animal culture.2. 1)DBBBC 6)ADD.Vocabulary1. 1)handy 2)cultural 3)untrue 4)belief 5)scientist 6)successful 7)religious 8)defenses 9)strength 10)social2. 1)A.limit B.limit 2)A.contact B.contact 3)A.attempting B.attempt 4)mandmand 5)A.form B.form3. 1)gesture 2)created/has created 3)abstract 4)individual 5)invention 6)feature 7)make up for 8)removed 9)response 10)rule out4. 1)remove 2)received; accept 3)allow 4)lately 5)shore 6)taught 7)object8)attractTranslation1)I used to go to the cinemas a lot,but I never have the time now.2)The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.3)This is cruel practice which must be stopped right away.4)What aspect of your job/work is the most challenging, and what aspect is the most rewarding?5)Some people perceive him to be rude, but this is not the case.6)I'll help as possible as I can, but there's a limit to what I can do.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1.Section B1)how—that/in which 2)did—would 3)are—is 4)are—is 5)so—such6)be seen—see2.Section A1)A.covered B.spreads C.spread 2)A.agree with B.agree with C.agreed with D.agree on D.agree to 3)A.activity B.act C.action D.act/action 4)A.adapting B.adoptedC.adapt 5)ying B.lied yy 6)A.weather B.climate C.weather7)A.invented B.discovered 8)A.as a result of B.as a result 9)A.fun B.funny C.funny 10)A.stripped B.strips C.strippedSection B1.CHIMPANZEE2.PANDA3.DOG4.INSECT5.ELEPHANT6.CHAMELEON7.MOUSE 8.OWL 9.LION 10.GIRAFFE 11.PUPPY 12.TURTLE 13.CATUnit 6Part twopost-readingReading Comprehension1. 1-6; 7; 8-132. 1)Flying saucers or UFOs from other plant.2)Underwear earthquakes/Geography of the area.3)The strange magnetic properties of the Bermuda Triangle.4)Large amounts of methane gas escaping from the seafloor of the Bermuda Triangle3. 1)TTFFT 6)TFTTTVocabulary1. 1)A.belief B.believable 2)A.mysteries B.mysterious 3)A.mix B.mixture4)A.responsible B.responsibility 5)A.triangular B.triangle 6)A.explode B.explosion 7)A.intelligence B.intellgent 8)A.discovery B.discovered 9)A.scientific B.science 10)A.appearance B.disappear C.disappearance2. 1)in 2)on 3)in 4)into 5)of 6)for 7)in 8)to 9)off 10)on3. 1)properties 2)amounts 3)similarly 4)compassl 5)escaping 6)puzzled7)offers 8)trace 9)theory 10)normallyTranslation1)Her hard work resulted in a large number of bonuses.2)The children are watching planes taking off and landing.3)As soon as I on board, I always felt sick.4)On the first day when the museum was open to the public, there was a totals of 20000 people coming to visit.5)The committee consists of scientists and engineers.6)With the work unfinished, I didn't dare to go home.Unit 7Part twopost-readingReading Comprehension1. 1-2(c); 3-9(a); 10-13(d); 14-16(b)2. 1)CBDCB 2)ADVocabulary1. 1)waring 2)developments 3)possibilities 4)alarming 5)mistaken 6)discomfort 7)uncertainty 8)confusing 9)anxiety 10)supportive2. 1)if 2)was/am faced with 3)strategy 4)outcome 5)unless 6)inhibit7)take action 8)confused 9)audience 10)created/has created3. 1)with 2)with 3)by 4)by/at 5)of 6)into 7)about/of 8)like Translation1)We are considering selling house.2)I suggest he wait for a while, and then make decision.3)John is very likely to come to the party tomorrow.4)We are wondering the reason why she refused to accept the job.5)You shouldn't have gone back into the burning building, and you might have been burned seriously.6)The thought has never crossed my mind that there may be some problem.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1.STEP ONEVerbs: desire, determine, intend, maintain, order, urge, etc.Nouns: motion, pray, recommendation, etc.Adjectives: desirable, possible, urgent, vital, etc.STEP TWO1)be dropped 2)bring 3)leave 4)go 5)be warned 6)do 7)finish8)be finished 9)be held 10)have2. 1)A.rate B.speed/rate C.speed 2)A.payments B.loan C.loan D.Payment3)A.waiting B.awaited C.awaiting 4)A.flesh B.flesh C.flesh5)A.escaped B.escaped/avoided C.avoided D.avoidedUnit 8Part twopost-readingReading Comprehension1.para.1 One of the famous love stories in history.para.2-3 Their lives before they knew each other.para.4-6 How they met and fell in love with each other.para.7 Their life together.2.1)TFFTF 2)TTFVocabulary1.Section A1)add/added up to 2)criticize 3)fell/fall in love 4)take place 5)miracle6)arranged 7)by name 8)primarily 9)face to face 10)By the age of11)A great deal 12)ceremony2.Section A1)IAJFD 6)HBCGESection B1)common 2)childrenhood 3)compatible 4)correspondence 5)diminished 6)eccentric 7)miracle 8)impersonal 9)passion 10)popularTranslation1)The Second World War took place in 1945.2)My grandfather drinks a great deal of wine.3)By the age of 65, he was still working.4)The teacher knows all her student by name.5)The police succeeded in solving the mysterious case.6)He likes various sports, but most of all, he likes basketball particularly.7)Talking through telephone is very different from face to face talk.8)They fell in love with each other for they have common interests.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1. 1)Right in front of our house was a wide river.2)From the room came the sound of children singing.3)Beneath the streets of a modern city exists a network of pipes.4)Amused by the joke, he couldn't help laughing loudly.5)Interested in music, she spends all her pocket money on records.6)Absorbed in his experiment, he didn't notice my entering the laboratory.Unit 9Part OnePREPARATION3. On/of, on/of, at/for, by, on, on/at, inPart twopost-readingReading Comprehension1.For:1)It is fun for children.2)It gets you out of the usual routine.3)People are friendlier.4)Giving presents can be very satisfying.5)One can concentrate on non-commercial values.6)It is time to pause and reflect.7)The preparations,like decorating the house,are fun.8)It is a time to be with friends.9)There are all kind of delicious foods.10)It is a holy day.Against:1)It is an unchristian, and purely alcoholic occasion.2)It is a waste of money.3)People don't think about others who are less fortunate.4)It is a wasteful and thoughtless ceremony.5)It's all "humbug" or hypocritical.6)People eat too much or eat food they don't want.7)It's disappointing for poor people who can't afford to spend a lot of money.8)It is no longer a religious celebration, it has lost its meaning.2. CCABCCVocabulary1. 1)A.childish B.child C.childhood D.childlike 2)mercially mercialmercemercialsE.non-commercial 3)A.exciting B.excite C.excitedD.excitedE.excitement 4)A.satisfied B.satisfy C.satisfaction D.satisfyingE.satisfactorily2. 1)BBAAA 2)BA3. 1)fired 2)boiled 3)steamed 4)roasted 5)baked 6)toastedTranslation1)If you want to get the book,you must pay for it in advance.2)Michael told us an incredible story about his grandmother catching a thief.3)We derived knowledge from practice.4)You don't have to buy a newspaper; you can share mine.5)First of all, we should study our lessons hard.6)He led a life of luxury.7)The name of the team will put up on the notice board.8)We're very glad to greet you in the name of Chinese people.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT2. 1)rival 2)recognized 3)polluting 4)misleading 5)economic 6)luxury 7)debts 8)routine 9)represent 10)tradition 11)ideal 12)promote 13)apology14)attitude 15)convincingUnit 10Part OnePREPARATION2.1)wheat cucumber oat pumpkin strawberry pepper corn pea mushroom lemon grapefruit orangewatermelon2)cattle turkey goose goat duck dog sheep cow pig3)sickle tractor fork spade plow bucket4)processing weeding tilling irrigation fertilization plowing harvesting storage3. 1)TFTFF 6)FFTFTPart twopost-readingReading Comprehension1. 2)A.destructive to the developmentB.the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleumD.policies, eating habits3)sustainable2. 1)DBDBD 6)CDAVocabulary1.addition chemistry/chemicalgeneration/generator destructiveness/destructionmixture/mix hungerreduction importancetransportation distanceimprovement politicsprotection efficiencytreatment productivity2.1)prevention 2)hopeless 3)development 4)poverty 5)wastful 6)economic7)solution 8)pollution/being polluted 9)successful 10)industrial 11)global12)agricultural3. 1)A. n. money in the form of notes and coinsB. v. exchange the check for money2)A. n. a substance which is used to provide heat or power, usually by burningB. v. provide with fuel3)A. n. a change made to a system, especially a political system, in order to improve itB. v. change something such as a law, system or public organization, so that it operation withmore justice and fairness4)A. n. the parts that remain when the rest of a building has been destroyedB. v. spoil or destroy severely or completely5)A. n. a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowingB. v. turn over earth especially with a plow6)A. v. bring in from abroadB. n. commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country7)A. n. "bring something under control" means to stop something dangerous from getting worse or affecting more peopleB. v. make a machine, a process, or system work in a particular way8)A. v. use more of something than one shouldB.n. material which has been used, but is no longer wanted4.Section A1)improve 2)avoid 3)treat 4)save 5)reduce 6)bring about 7)make use of Translation1)You should avoid being late for your class.2)The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds.3)That will only add to our difficulties.4)We could not live without air.5)I can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother.6)She makes good use of her time.Part ThreeFURTHER DEVELOPMENT1.1)drink 2)getting 3)trying 4)buying 5)eating 6)make/to make 7)to feed8)going 9)farming 10)to miss2. 1)product 2)production 3)productivity 4)produces 5)products 6)production7)productive 8)producer 9)reproduced 10)produce。
新编大学英语课课文翻译(英译中)(book1unit19book2unit236)
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新编大学英语课课文翻译(英译中)(book1unit19book2unit236)Book 1Unit 4新的开端1 当我父母开车离去,留下我可怜巴巴站在停车场上时,我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。
我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到寝室。
我感到似乎校园里每个人都在看我。
我打定主意:竖起耳朵,闭上嘴巴,但愿别人不知道我是个新生。
2 第二天早上我找到了上第一节课的教室,大步走了进去。
然而,进了教室,我又碰到了一个难题。
坐哪儿呢?犹豫再三,我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。
3 “欢迎你们来听生物101课,”教授开始了开场白。
天哪,我还以为这是文学课!我的后脖根上冒出了冷汗,摸出课程表核对了一下教室号-----教室号是对的,但我却走错了教学楼。
4 怎么办?上课期间就站起来走出去?教授会不会生气?大家肯定会盯着我看。
算了吧。
我还是稳坐在座位上,尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。
下了课后我觉得有点饿,便赶忙去自助食堂。
我往拖盘里装了些三明治就朝座位走去,就在这时,我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。
手中的托盘倾斜了,我失去了平衡。
就在我屁股着地的刹那间,我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过,然后终止在大学上课的第一天。
摔到后的几秒里,我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘想该有多好。
但是,食堂里所有的学生都站了起来,欢呼鼓掌,我知道他们不仅看见了我刚才的情景,而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉那一幕。
7 接下来的三天里,我独自品尝羞辱,用以果腹的也只是从安放在房间外的机器上买来的没有营养的食品。
到了第四天,我感到自己急需补充一些真正的食物。
兴许三天的时间足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。
于是我去了食堂。
8 我好不容易排队取到了食物,踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。
突然我听到一阵熟悉的哗啦跌倒声,抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。
当人们开始像对待我那样欢呼鼓掌的时候,我对他满怀同情。
他站起身,咧嘴大笑,双手紧握高举在头顶上,做出胜利的姿势。
(全)新编大英1课文
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[13] But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs.
[14] The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting their tiny patient. Something was obviously very wrong. At this point, a Vietnamese nurse arrived to help, and seeing the little one's tears, spoke rapidly in Vietnamese, listened to his reply, and quickly answered him again. Moving over to pat his head as she talked, her voice was gentle and kind.
[7] "Oh, thank you," the nurse said in French. "What is your name?"
[8] "Heng," came the reply.
[9] Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. Through all of this Heng lay stiff and silent.
新编大学英语课文翻译
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第一单元in-classreading善良之心,久久相依...................................当时我没有意识到,是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯? J ? 布洛克1 随着我渐渐长大,当别人看见我和爸爸在一起,我会觉得很尴尬。
他身材矮小,走起路来跛得很厉害。
我们一起走时,他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡,人们就会盯着我们看。
对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。
他也许曾注意到,或着觉得烦恼,但他从来没有流露出来。
2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易,他(的步子)一瘸一拐的,我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。
因此,我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。
但出发时,他总是说:“你定步伐,我会尽量跟上。
”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往,这是他上班的必由之路。
不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班,几乎没有旷过一天工。
即使别人无法上班,他也要去办公室。
对他来说这是一种自豪。
4 当地上有冰或雪的时候,即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。
这时,我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他,穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道,直到地铁的入口处。
一到那儿,他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和,下面的楼梯不结冰。
曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室,因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止,他都不用再出去。
5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力,我现在想来惊讶不已。
他从没有痛苦或抱怨,他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。
6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象,也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。
他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。
如果他找到了一颗善心,那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。
7 由于年龄的增长,我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准,尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。
但是,当我自己没有的时候,我是知道的。
8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加,但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。
当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候,他使它维持下去。
新编大学英语综合教程第一册课后翻译答案
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1、做出贡献的人太多了,无法一一提及。
The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention.2、半夜里,嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。
The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气,那仅仅是个玩笑而已。
He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke.4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐,但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。
We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up.5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。
Marriage is viewed as a serious matter.6、令我失望的是,这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。
To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations.七、1、我朋友说她会考虑向学校捐款。
My friend said she would consider making donation to the school.2、我建议他认真考虑一下,然后再做决定。
I suggest he think carefully about before he makes any decisions.3、明天约翰可能会来参加聚会。
John is likely to come to party tomorrow.4、仅有理论知识是不够的,我们还要学会如何将理论应用于实践。
It is not enough to have only theoretical knowledge ,we should learn how to put theory into practice.5、你本不应该再回到那幢还在燃烧的大楼,你可能会被严重烧伤的。
浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程(1)》学习指导Unit 1-5【圣才出品】
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Unit1一、词汇短语In-Class ReadingThe Gift of Lifebomb[]n.炸弹;原子弹;快速行驶vt.投弹于,轰炸vi.轰炸,投弹;失败【例句】Her new play bombed after only three nights.她的新戏只演出三晚就演不下去。
【助记】炸弹的爆炸声而造出bomb炸弹be supposed to应该;被期望【例句】You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你应该在一小时之前赶到这里。
orphanage[]n.孤儿院;孤儿身份【例句】I founded an orphanage last year and feel obliged to take care of those children.去年我创办了一个孤儿院。
我觉得有责任去照顾那些小孩。
missionary[]adj.传教(士)的,教会的n.传教士;倡导者,鼓吹者【例句】St.John Rivers asks Jane to be his wife and to go with him to India where he plans to become a missionary.圣约翰·里弗斯要求简做他的妻子,与他同去印度,他打算在那里当个传教士。
【助记】mission(务)+aryinclude[]vt.包括,包含;计入【例句】He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。
【助记】in(向内)+clud(关)+e→关在里面→包括,包含suffer[]v.受苦,受难;遭受,经历;忍受【例句】The new plant can’t suffer the cold weather.这种新植物不耐寒。
【词组】suffer from遭受【助记】suf(在下面)+fer(运载)→在矿井下面拉煤→受苦【派生】suffering adj.受苦的;患病的suffering n.受难;苦楚couple[]n.(一)对,(一)双;夫妇v.连合,连接,结合【例句】I found a couple of socks in the bedroom but they don't make a pair.我在卧室里找到了一双袜子,但是它们不是一双的。
新编大学英语第一册7-10单元课文参考译文
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Unit 7 没有危险时请冒险1.我们许多人从小到大一直被提醒要小心谨慎。
比如,当人们分别时,常常互相叮嘱:“小心点!”倘若你认真听从这些话,很可能会妨碍你的发展。
想象一下,假定你的朋友和家人对你说的是:“去冒冒险吧”,那么你的发展又会是多么的不同。
1你不妨停下来想一想,你的未来会有多么不同。
你是否设想过,如冒冒险,你会取得巨大的成功。
或者说,你的脑海里是否出现过自己身体会受到伤害的念头?2说到冒险,许多人常常认为它会带来危险。
这是因为我们的语言常把两个概念混为一谈:危险及冒险可能会带来的困苦或责怪。
在考虑是否冒险时,有的人会这么想:3“如果我不小心,他会要我的命!”4“我就会死!”5“我会粉身碎骨!”6你会有类似的想法吗?倘若你在思想上给未来抹上惊恐的色彩,你的行动就会受到制约。
而这类惊恐都是虚惊。
7这些错误的想法并不意味着在你尝试某种变革时的确会发生这样的情况。
你不可能被杀死或者粉身碎骨。
假如事与愿违,也许你会经受些轻微的困苦,仅此而已。
但这点困苦却是为获取最终成功所冒的风险的一部分。
8当(上述)那些过激的想法令你不安时,你就不去冒险。
被“扼杀”的只能是你的主动性、你的自信和发展。
9明白了冒险和危险的区别,你就能拓展事业。
这两者的区别是:当结果不确定时就有风险,而当你肉体要受到严重伤害时就有危险。
10有些新想法能够获得成功,而有些则不能。
有失败的风险并不意味着未来很危险。
大多数的变更不会使你的身体遭受严重的伤害。
11对许多人来说,演讲就是一个混淆风险和危险的最典型例子。
我认识一位经理,他以前一想到要面对公众演讲就十分害怕。
当然,在第一次演讲前他并不知会有怎样的结果。
他没意识到演讲不过是一种冒险,反而把自己搞得过分地紧张,犹如大敌当前。
他想象着听众会向他扔东西,或者愤怒地群起而攻之,尽管他知道这不太可能。
12尽管他感到忐忑不安,他冒险地作了平生第一次演讲。
结果发现,听众很随和地支持他。
由于具备了演讲这一新技能,他成了一位更积极、更成功的领导者。
新编大学英语1unit3 课文翻译
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Unit 1 More Than WordsIn-Class Reading Communication Without Words不用话语的交流1当你学一门外语时,你要学的不仅仅是词汇和语法。
要想成功地进行交谈,你还必须学习该种文化的非言语性语言,或者说“肢体语言”。
“肢体语言”是用来描述那些可以传递信息的脸部表情、手势以及其他身体动作的术语。
这种交流方法非常重要,实际上我们用动作表达的信息比用言语表达的信息还要多。
2有时候我们发现说一门外语很困难,因为我们可能不了解另一种文化的非言语信号,或者说那些信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。
例如,在世界上不同的地方,上下点头就传递不同的信息。
在北美,该动作表示“我同意”。
在中东,向下点头表示“我同意”,而向上抬头表示“我不同意”。
日本人谈话的时候这个动作通常只是表示“我正在听”。
一位在美国的日本学生好不容易才了解了其中的差异。
在和一位推销员说话的时候,这位学生礼貌性地点头,表示他在注意听着。
结果,第二天那位推销员就将一台崭新的洗衣机送到了他的公寓。
3目光接触所表达的含义也很丰富,但是,在不同的文化中,它表达的意思也不同。
在一些讲西班牙语的国家,孩子们在与年长者谈话时不直视对方的眼睛,以表示尊重。
而在其他国家,别人则期待你看着他的眼睛。
例如,如果你在美国不这么做的话,人们会以为你害怕、尴尬或者生气了。
4世界上很多地方都用两种基本的手势来招呼别人朝自己走过来。
在亚洲,人们把手指朝下微曲,做摆手的动作,而有些北美人则用该动作向孩子们道别。
北美人用类似的手势招呼别人走过来,但是他们的手指是向上弯曲。
去国外参观的人必须了解这种差别,否则就会传递错误的信息。
5我们在谈话时与对方保持的距离同样也是交流的一个重要方面,虽然我们很少想到这一点。
通常,北美人比拉丁美洲人和中东人更喜欢彼此间距离大一点。
在国际会议上,谈话的两个外交官可能会慢慢地从房间的这一头移到那一头,其中一个想竭力拉大彼此间的距离,而另一个则想竭力缩短这一距离。
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一【以生命相赠】1炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。
在可怕的越南战争期间,谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标,而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。
2传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生,还有几个孩子受了伤,其中有一个小女孩,8岁左右,她的双腿被炸伤。
3几小时后,医疗救援小组到了。
救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。
他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。
如果不立即采取行动,显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。
4他们明白必须给小女孩输血,但是他们的医药用品很有限,没有血浆,因此需要相配血型的血。
快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适,而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。
5这位医生会讲一点越南语,忽视会讲一点法语,但只有中学的法语水平。
孩子们不会说英语,只会说一点法语。
医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言,结合大量的手势,努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说,除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴,否则她将必死无疑。
接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。
6对医生和护士的请求,孩子们(只是)瞪大眼睛,一声不吭。
此时小病人生命垂危。
然而,只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血,他们才能够得到血。
过了好一会儿,一只小手慢慢地举了起来,然后垂了下去,一会儿又举了起来。
7“噢,谢谢,”护士用法语说。
“你叫什么名字?”8“兴,”小男孩回答道。
9兴很快被抱到一张床上,手臂用酒精消毒后,针就扎了进去。
在整个过程中,兴僵直地躺着,没有出声。
10过了一会儿,他发出了一声长长的抽泣,但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。
11 “兴,疼吗?”医生问。
12兴默默地摇了摇头,但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来,并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。
医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他,兴又摇了摇头。
13但现在,偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。
他紧紧地闭着眼睛,用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。
14现在医疗小组非常担忧,因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。
显然出了问题。
恰好这时,一名越南护士前来帮忙。
看到小男孩在哭,她用越南话很快地和他说话。
听了小男孩的回答后,又立即回答他。
护士一边说,一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头,她的声音亲切柔和。
15一会儿,小男孩不再哭了,他睁开眼睛,用询问的目光看着越南护士。
护士点了点头,小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。
16越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说:“他以为自己快死了。
他误解了你们,以为你们要他献出所有的血,小女孩才能活下来。
”17“那他为什么会愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。
18越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。
小男孩简单地回答道:“她是我的朋友。
”19他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命,没有比这更伟大的爱了。
二【特种快递】1到了机场才发现我兄弟达成的班机延误了一小时。
通常我在机场等候接人时,会把时间消磨在观看飞机起降上。
可那天晚上我头疼的厉害。
我想喷气发动机所发出的噪音会使头痛的更厉害,于是决定在机场内逛一会儿。
2当我走过那些店铺时,碰巧看到陈列在那儿的航空箱包,这是我想起了自己的公文包。
我这才意识到没有提着它。
我马上努力回忆:会把它遗忘在哪儿呢。
自从离开航空公司票务柜台后,我没有在其他任何地方停留过,所以我推想,我一定是把包放下后留在那里了。
我急忙回去取,可是公文包已无影无踪。
起先我确信一定有人顺手把它提走了,但随后想,也有可能看到包的人已把它交给了柜台,便在票务柜台排队等候。
轮到我是,我描述了包的特征,并询问会不会有人把它交到了柜台,那位航空公司代理摇了摇头。
这是我朝他身后的行李输送带瞥了一眼,输送带正把行李从办理登记手续处往下面的装货区传送。
我大声叫道:“我的包就在那儿!”然而,当代理回头看时,公文包已传送到输送带的尽头,突然消失看不见了。
3“你看到自己的包了?”代理问我。
4“是的!”我大声地说。
“它刚穿过那边那个口子。
这下我怎么才能把它取回来呢?”5“这不难,”代理回答说:“把你的行李领取凭证给我,我想我们能够在装机前截住它。
”6“可我没有行李凭证!”我答道。
“我没办托运!我哪儿都不去,我是来接人的。
”我平静了一下情绪,解释了事情的经过,并指出很可能有人把包交到了柜台,而某位代理把它和其他行李一起办了托运并放到了传送带上。
7代理告诉我,能找回包的唯一办法是,填写一张认领单,在上面写清公文包的外观特征。
等我填完表格,代理打电话到下面的行李区查询时,(得知)包已被装上了一架班机,但不知是哪一架。
代理抄下了我的电话号码,并保证他们一找到包就给我打电话。
尽管我住在苏城,离机场有一个半小时的车程,他们还是会一找到包就把它送到我家来。
8我兄弟的航班到了。
我们领了他的箱子后便走向停车场找我的车。
回家的路上,我把公文包的是告诉了她。
到了家,我们把行李从车上卸下来。
当我兄弟从车里拿出一只公文包时,我真不敢相信自己的眼睛。
原以为已丢失的公文包其实根本就没有被带进机场!它一直躺在后座的地上。
我意识到,此时此刻航空公司的人正在开往丹佛、圣路易斯和芝加哥的航班上逐一检查行李,寻找我的公文包。
我还得打电话告诉他们,已经在自己的车里找到了包,一想到要打这个电话,心里真叫痛苦。
9我们走进屋子时电话铃正响着。
听电话时,我惊呆了,电话里一位航空公司的工作人员说:“我们有好消息告诉你!我们在丹佛找到了你的公文包,11点前应该能到这里。
午夜后不久便能送到你家。
”三【没有言语的交流】1 当你学一门外语的时候,你一定要学词汇和语法,但这些还远远不够。
要想成功地进行交流,你还必须学习该文化的非言语语言,或者说“身势语”。
身势语是一个术语,是我们用来描述那些可以传递信息的脸部表情,手势以及其他身体动作的术语。
这种交流方式非常重要,实际上我们用动作表达的信息可以比用言语表达的信息更多。
2 有时候我们发现说一门外语很困难,因为我们可能不了解另一种文化的非言语信号,或者说那些信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。
例如,在世界上不同的地方,上下点头的动作就传递不同的信息。
在北美,该动作表示“我同意”。
在中东地区,向下点头表示“我同意”,而向上抬头表示“我不同意”。
日本人说话的时候这个动作通常只是表示“我在听着呢”。
一位在美国的日本学生好不容易才了解了其中的差别。
在和一位推销员说话的时候,这位学生礼貌性地点头,表示我在听着。
结果第二天那位推销员就将一台崭新的洗衣机送到了他的公寓。
3 目光接触所表达的含义也很丰富,但是,在不同的国家里,它表达的意思不同。
在一些讲西班牙语的国家,孩子在与年长者谈话时,不直视对方的眼睛,以表示尊重。
而在其他国家,别人则期待你看着他的眼睛。
例如,如果你在美国不这么做的话,人们会以为你害怕,尴尬或者是生气了。
4 世界上很多地方都用两中基本的手势来招呼别人朝自己走过来。
在亚洲,人们把手指朝下微曲起来,做摆手的动作,而有些北美人则用这个动作向孩子们道别。
北美人用大致相同的手势招呼别人走过来,但是他们的手指是向下弯曲的。
因此,去国外访问的人必须了解这些差别,否则也许会表达错误的信息。
5 我们在谈话是与对方保持的距离同样也是交流过程中的一个重要方面,但是我们很少想到这一点。
通常,北美人比拉丁美洲人和中东人更喜欢彼此间距离大一点。
在一个国际会议上可能会出现这样的情景:谈话时两个外交官慢慢地从房间的这一头移到那一头,其中一个想竭力拉大彼此间的距离,而另一个则想竭力缩小这一距离。
通常,喜欢距离大的那个人一直退到背靠墙,无路可退为止,他的努力也以失败告终。
6 尽管我们花了很多年时间来学习一门外语,如果我们不了解那个文化的非言语语言和正确的举止的话,就会产生误解。
如果我们不知道应该握手还是鞠躬,什么时候坐着,什么时候站着,在不熟悉的场合应该有什么样的举止,那么我们就没有真正具备用外语交流的能力。
或许在读,写,说,听四项传统的交流技能之外还应该加上第五项技能:文化意识。
四【新的开端】1 当我父母开车离去,留下我可怜巴巴站在停车场上时,我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。
我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到寝室。
我感到似乎校园里每个人都在看我。
我打定主意:竖起耳朵,闭上嘴巴,但愿别人不知道我是个新生。
第二天早上我找到了上第一节课的教室,大步走了进去。
然而,进了教室,我又碰到了一个难题。
坐哪儿呢?犹豫再三,我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。
3 “欢迎你们来听生物101课,”教授开始了开场白。
天哪,我还以为这是文学课!我的后脖根上冒出了冷汗,摸出课程表核对了一下教室号-----教室号是对的,但我却走错了教学楼。
4 怎么办?上课期间就站起来走出去?教授会不会生气?大家肯定会盯着我看。
算了吧。
我还是稳坐在座位上,尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。
下了课后我觉得有点饿,便赶忙去自助食堂。
我往拖盘里装了些三明治就朝座位走去,就在这时,我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。
手中的托盘倾斜了,我失去了平衡。
就在我屁股着地的刹那间,我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过,然后终止在大学上课的第一天。
摔到后的几秒里,我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘想该有多好。
但是,食堂里所有的学生都站了起来,欢呼鼓掌,我知道他们不仅看见了我刚才的情景,而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉那一幕。
7 接下来的三天里,我独自品尝羞辱,用以果腹的也只是从安放在房间外的机器上买来的没有营养的食品。
到了第四天,我感到自己急需补充一些真正的食物。
兴许三天的时间足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。
于是我去了食堂。
8 我好不容易排队取到了食物,踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。
突然我听到一阵熟悉的哗啦跌倒声,抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。
当人们开始像对待我那样欢呼鼓掌的时候,我对他满怀同情。
他站起身,咧嘴大笑,双手紧握高举在头顶上,做出胜利的姿势。
我是否摔了托盘,坐在教室的哪个位置,甚至于是否走错了教室,有谁会在乎呢?没有人在乎。
这不像在中学。
在大学里,这些都无关紧要。
我完全可以按自己的意愿行事。
10 一旦意识到我不必考虑别人的期望,只要自己满意就行,我感到释然。
我开始把上大学看作一个美妙的实验。
我稍稍改变了自己的穿着,开始欣赏爵士乐,还认定自己喜欢光着脚走路。
11 在以后的大学生活里,我不再试图做出什么姿态,而是顺其自然。
大学,在我看来,也许是唯一一个有错误可以完全得到谅解的阶段(包括踩到番茄酱,摔了托盘)。
于是,我利用这个机会来体验我认为自己可能会犯的所有过失。
12 大学毕业已经三年了,我仍然时有过失,其中一些过失我还得到了原谅。
五、【动物拥有文化吗?】1 只有人类拥有文化呢,还是某些动物也同样拥有文化,这是社会科学家们最近才提出来的问题。
说到文化,我们指的是某一类人群共有的生活方式。
文化包涵了我们形成的信念和看法。
人们的行为模式促使他们生活在一起,也正是人们的行为模式把不同的群体区分开来。