小型刮板式花生去壳机设计

摘要

花生，别名：落花生、长生果、果仁。原产于巴西、秘鲁、故又称番豆。花生中含有水份、蛋白质、脂肪、醣类，维生素A、B6、E、K、及矿物质钙、磷、铁等营养成分，可提供八种人体所需的氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸、卵磷脂、胆碱、胡萝卜素、粗纤维等有利人体健康的物质，营养价值绝不少于牛奶、鸡蛋或瘦肉。花生的果实上，有一层红红的外皮，它含有大量的维生素B1、B2及可以用来止泻的单宁成分，所以吃花生时，搓掉外皮，实为可惜。花生中富含脂肪和蛋白质，既是主要的食用植物油来源，而且又可提供丰富的植物蛋白质。花生在制取油脂、制取花生蛋白、生产花生仪器以及在花生贸易出口时，都需要对花生进行预处理加工。花生的预处理主要包括花生的剥壳和分级、破碎、轧胚和蒸炒等。花生在加工或作为出口商品时，需要进行剥壳加工。花生在制取油脂时，剥壳的目的是为了提高出油率，提高毛油和饼粕的质量，利于轧胚等后续工序的进行和皮壳的综合利用。

花生剥壳的原理很多，因此产生了很多种不同的花生剥壳机械。花生剥壳部件是花生剥壳机的关键工作部件，剥壳部件的技术水平决定了花生仁破碎率、花生果一次剥净率及生产效率等重要的经济指标。

花生脱壳机是将花生荚果去掉外壳而得到花生仁的场上作业机械。由于花生本身的特点决定了花生脱壳不能与花生的田间收获一起进行联合作业，而只能在花生荚果的含水率降到一定程度后才能进行脱壳。随着花生种植业的不断发展，花生手工脱壳已无法满足高效生产的要求，实行脱壳机械化迫在眉睫。

我国花生脱壳机的研制自1965年原八机部下达花生脱壳机的研制课题以来，已有几十种花生脱壳机问世。只进行单一脱壳功能的花生脱壳机结构简单，价格便宜，以小型家用为主的花生脱壳机在我国一些地区广泛应用，能够完成脱壳、分离、清选和分级功能的较大型花生脱壳机在一些大批量花生加工的企业中应用较为普遍。

刮板式花生去壳机能否正常运转，看的是其主要部件的设计，如果设计不合理，机器就不能正常运转或者说不能运转，那么生产出来的这台机器就是一堆废品。设计合理，机器就能正常的运转对并对花生果进行剥壳。因此，刮板式花生去壳机的主要部件的设计在整个设计过程中显得尤为重要，合理的设计将提供给使用者更多的方便和实惠。

关键词：花生去壳刮板式花生去壳机

Abstract

Peanuts, alias: peanuts, longevity nut, nut is native to Brazil, Peru, hence also known as beans. Peanut contains moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins A, B6, E, K, and minerals calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, can provide eight kinds of essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, choline, carotene, crude fibre, beneficial to human health of substances, such as nutritional value is not less than milk, eggs or meat. Peanut fruit, with a layer of red skin, it contains a lot of vitamins B1, B2 and tannin ingredient can be used to relieve diarrhea, so eating peanuts, rub off the skin, it is a pity .Peanuts are rich in fat and protein, both major sources of edible vegetable oil, but also provide a wealth of plant protein. Preparation of peanut oil, extraction of peanut protein, peanut production equipment and export trade in peanuts. Peanuts include peanut sheller pretreatment and grading, crushing, rolling, such as embryo and steamed fried. Peanuts during processing or as an export commodity, the need to peel processing. Preparation of peanut oil, increased crude oil and meal quality.

The principle of a lot of peanut sheller, resulting in a very wide variety of peanut shelling machine. Peanut sheller peanut sheller parts is the key working parts, peanuts and a stripping ratio of net production efficiency and other important economic indicators. In the current production and sales in peanut crushing rate is most concerned about the major social indicators.

Peanut shelling machine is to remove the pod peanut shell and get the field operating machinery. Since its physiological characteristics of peanut peanut peanut shelling the field can not be joint operations with the harvest, but only the moisture content in the pod down to a certain extent, be carried out after the shelling. With the continuous development of planting peanuts, peanut shelling by hand have failed to meet the requirements of efficient production, the implementation of mechanical shelling is imminent.

Peanut Shelling Machine since 1965 the Ministry issued the original eight peanut shelling machine Machine issue, there have been dozens of peanut shelling machines come out. Function only for a single shelled peanut shelling machine structure is simple,to small home-based peanut shelling machine widely used in some parts of China, cleaning and grading capabilities of the larger peanut sheller peanut processing in a number of high-volume business in more general use.

Shelled peanuts scraper machine operating correctly, and read the main parts of the design, Designed, the machine can operate on the normal and the peanut sheller. Therefore, shelled peanuts scraper design of main parts of machine in the whole design process is particularly important, reasonable design will provide users with more convenience and benefits.

Key words：Peanut Shelling Peanut shelling machine scraper