建筑材料节能外墙保温中英文对照外文翻译文献

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高效节能建筑技术的研究与应用(英文中文双语版优质文档)

高效节能建筑技术的研究与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the development of human society, buildings, as an integral part of human life, consume more and more energy. At the same time, due to the increasingly serious problems of global warming and environmental pollution, energy conservation and emission reduction has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current construction field. To achieve sustainable development, the construction industry must adopt energy-efficient building technologies that minimize energy consumption and pollution. This article will discuss the research and application of energy-efficient building technologies.1. Research and application of building insulation technologyBuilding insulation technology is one of the important means of building energy saving. In winter, building insulation technology can reduce the loss of indoor heat, increase the indoor temperature, and reduce the consumption of heating energy. In summer, building insulation technology can reduce the entry of outdoor heat, lower the indoor temperature, and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning. The research and application of building insulation technology can be realized by optimizing building materials, designing building structures, and improving the external environment of buildings. For example, the use of thermal insulation materials can improve the thermal insulation performance of buildings, and improving the external environment of buildings can reduce the impact of heat on buildings in summer.2. Research and application of architectural lighting technologyBuilding daylighting technology is another important means of energy saving. By adopting a reasonable lighting system, the use of natural light can be maximized and the use of artificial lighting can be reduced. At the same time, the daylighting system can also improve indoor air quality and increase living comfort. The research and application of architectural lighting technology can be realized by optimizing architectural design, adopting efficient lighting system, and improving the surrounding environment of buildings. For example, in the architectural design process, windows and skylights can be properly arranged to maximize the use of natural light and reduce the use of artificial lighting.3. Research and application of building solar energy utilization technologySolar energy is a clean and renewable energy, and building solar energy utilization technology is one of the important means of building energy conservation. By adopting technologies such as solar panels, solar water heaters, and solar air conditioners, solar energy can be converted into electricity or heat, reducing the dependence of buildings on traditional energy sources. The research and application of building solar energy utilization technology can be realized by optimizing building design, selecting suitable solar energy utilization technology, and improving solar energy utilization efficiency. For example, in architectural design, the orientation and inclination angle of solar panels can be reasonably set to maximize the use of solar energy.4. Research and application of building water-saving technologyBuilding water saving technology is an important part of building energy saving. In modern cities, the problem of water shortage is becoming more and more prominent. Building water-saving technology can reduce the demand for water resources in buildings and protect water resources. The research and application of building water-saving technology can be realized by optimizing building design, adopting water-saving equipment, and improving the surrounding environment of buildings. For example, water-saving devices such as low-flow faucets and water-saving toilets can reduce the building's water demand.5. Research and application of building intelligent technologyBuilding intelligent technology is an emerging field of building energy conservation. By adopting intelligent systems, buildings can realize automatic control, maximize the use of energy and reduce energy waste. The research and application of building intelligent technology can be realized by designing intelligent systems, adopting intelligent equipment, and improving the management of intelligent systems. For example, in the design of intelligent building systems, the automatic control of environmental parameters such as indoor temperature, humidity, and light can be realized to achieve the maximum utilization of energy.6. Research and Application of Building Ecological TechnologyBuilding ecological technology is another important means of building energy saving. By adopting green building materials, building greening, recycling and other technologies, the impact of buildings on the environment can be reduced, and the harmonious coexistence of buildings and the environment can be realized. The research and application of building ecological technology can be realized by choosing green building materials, building greening design, and realizing building recycling. For example, degradable materials can be used in architectural design to realize the recycling of building materials and reduce the impact on the environment.To sum up, the research and application of high-efficiency and energy-saving building technologies is an important direction for future building development. By adopting various means such as energy-saving technology, solar energy utilization technology, water-saving technology, intelligent technology and ecological technology, it is possible to achieve building energy conservation, reduce dependence on traditional energy sources, reduce demand for water resources, maximize energy use, reduce The impact on the environment, to achieve the harmonious coexistence of architecture and the environment. This can not only reduce building operating costs and improve building quality, but also make positive contributions to protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, the research and application of high-efficiency and energy-saving technologies for buildings should be valued and promoted.随着人类社会的发展，建筑作为人类生活中不可或缺的一部分，对于能源的消耗也越来越多。

保温材料英文

保温材料英文Introduction。

In today's world, energy efficiency is a top priority for many individuals and businesses. One of the key ways to improve energy efficiency is through the use of effective insulation materials. These materials help to maintain a consistent indoor temperature, reduce energy consumption, and lower heating and cooling costs. In this document, we will explore the various types of insulation materials in English, their properties, and their applications.Fiberglass Insulation。

Fiberglass insulation is one of the most common and widely used insulation materials. It is made from fine glass fibers and is available in batts, rolls, and loose-fill forms. Fiberglass insulation is known for its excellent thermal performance, fire resistance, and sound absorption properties. It is commonly used in residential and commercial buildings to insulate walls, ceilings, and floors.Foam Board Insulation。

建筑材料绿色环保评价标准与实践(英文中文双语版优质文档)

建筑材料绿色环保评价标准与实践（英文中文双语版优质文档）Green environmental protection has become one of the important criteria for the evaluation of modern building materials. It is not only related to environmental protection, but also an important guarantee for the sustainable development of buildings. This article will introduce the standards and practices of green environmental protection evaluation of building materials, as well as the future development trend.1. Evaluation Standards for Green Environmental Protection of Building Materials1. Energy ConsumptionEnergy consumption is one of the important indicators for the evaluation of green environmental protection of building materials. The production, processing, transportation and installation of building materials all consume a lot of energy and cause a great burden on the environment. Therefore, to evaluate the environmental protection degree of a building material, it is necessary to consider whether its energy consumption is low-carbon and low-energy consumption.2. Raw materialsThe source of raw materials for building materials is also one of the important indicators for green environmental protection evaluation. The production of many traditional building materials requires the collection of large quantities of natural resources such as stone and wood. The collection and exploitation of these natural resources have caused irreversible impacts on the environment. Therefore, green and environmentally friendly building materials should give priority to the use of renewable and recyclable materials.3. Health and safetyThe health and safety of building materials is also one of the important indicators for green environmental protection evaluation. Many traditional building materials produce toxic and harmful substances in the production process, such as formaldehyde and benzene. These substances not only cause harm to human health, but also have irreversible impacts on the environment. Therefore, green and environmentally friendly building materials should give priority to health and safety, and avoid the use of toxic and harmful substances.4. RecyclingRecycling is also one of the important indicators of green environmental protection evaluation of building materials. Building materials have a limited lifespan, and if they cannot be recycled, they will place a greater burden on the environment. Therefore, to evaluate the environmental protection degree of a building material, it is necessary to consider whether it is easy to recycle and reuse.2. Practice of green environmental protection evaluation of building materials1. Prioritize the use of renewable, recyclable materialsIn the process of selecting building materials, priority should be given to the use of renewable and recyclable materials, such as bamboo, wood, stone, etc. During the production and use of these materials, the impact on the environment can be minimized, and they can be recycled, thereby reducing the waste of resources.2. Pay attention to the environmental indicators of building materialsDuring the selection and use of building materials, attention should be paid to their environmental indicators, such as energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and greenhouse gas emissions. Choosing green and environmentally friendly building materials can reduce the impact on the environment and promote the sustainable development of buildings.3. Promote green materialsThe government, enterprises and individuals should jointly promote the use of green environmental protection materials. The government can promote the production and sales of green environmental protection materials through the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations; enterprises can promote the application of green environmental protection materials by starting from multiple links such as research and development, production and sales; individuals can start from themselves and choose green environmental protection materials. materials and actively participate in environmental protection actions.3. The future development trend of green environmental protection evaluation of building materials1. Environmental standards continue to improveWith the continuous improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the standards for green environmental protection evaluation of building materials will also continue to improve. Future building material evaluation standards will pay more attention to environmental protection and health considerations.2. Continuous application of green technologyWith the continuous development of science and technology, green technology will continue to be applied to the production and use of building materials. For example, the application of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy will be more extensive, and the production technology of renewable materials will also continue to innovate, so as to better meet the needs of green and environmentally friendly materials.3. Popularization of building material recyclingIn the future, the recycling of building materials will become more and more popular. Through the application of intelligent technology, the recycling and reuse of building materials will become more efficient and sustainable, thereby reducing the impact on the environment and promoting sustainable development.SummarizeThe green environmental protection evaluation of building materials is one of the important standards for the evaluation of modern building materials, which can ensure the sustainable development of the environment. During the selection and use of building materials, priority should be given to the use of renewable and recyclable materials, attention should be paid to their environmental indicators, and the application of green and environmentally friendly materials should be actively promoted. In the future, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection standards, the application of green technology and the popularization of recycling of building materials, the green environmental protection evaluation of building materials will receive more and more attention. This will help reduce the impact on the environment and move the construction industry towards sustainable development. At the same time, the government, enterprises and individuals should work together to promote the application of green environmental protection materials and contribute to the protection of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development.绿色环保已经成为现代建筑材料评价的重要标准之一，不仅关乎环境保护，也是建筑可持续发展的重要保障。

green building 外文文献翻译

外文文献：Green buildingGreen building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:Efficiently using energy, water, and other resourcesProtecting occupant health and improving employee productivityReducing waste, pollution and environmental degradationA similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably designed buildings cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants were more satisfied with the overall building than those in typical commercial buildings.Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, so the very first rule is: the greenest building is the building that doesn't get built. New construction almost always degrades a building site, so not building is preferable to building. The second rule is: every building should be as small as possible. The third rule is: do not contribute to sprawl (the tendency for cities to spread out in a disordered fashion). No matter how much grass you put onyour roof, no matter how many energy-efficient windows, etc., you use, if you 1 contribute to sprawl, you've just defeated your purpose. Urban infill sites are preferable to suburban "Greenfield" sites.Buildings account for a large amount of land. According to the National Resources Inventory, approximately 107 million acres (430,000 km2) of land in the United States are developed. The International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions.The concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and the environment pollution concern in the 1970s. The green building movement in the U.S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and in theretrofiring of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used.Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using wood as a building material, or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.While the practices, or technologies, employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived: Sitting and Structure Design Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement, Operations and Maintenance Optimization, and Waste and Toxics Reduction. The essence of green building is an optimizationof one or more of these principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect.On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify 'green' building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact on cost and performance. In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to minimize the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project. However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are much more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be decided at the design stage. A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the building's relevant life-cycle stages.Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment.As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U.S. LCI Database Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete or steel.To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement(daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day.Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building.Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer.Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal (see: copper sustainability and recyclability), and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g., Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, sea grass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete, etc.) The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site manufacture including minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture isin one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust. Energy efficient building materials and appliances are promoted in the United States through energy rebate programs, which are increasingly communicated to consumers through energy rebate database services such as GreenOhm.The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) category in LEED standards, one of the five environmental categories, was created to provide comfort, well-being, and productivity of occupants. The LEED IEQ category addresses design and construction guidelines especially: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and lighting quality.Indoor Air Quality seeks to reduce volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, and other air impurities such as microbial contaminants. Buildings rely on a properly designed ventilation system (passively/naturally or mechanically powered) to provide adequate ventilation of cleaner air from outdoors or recirculated, filtered air as well as isolated operations (kitchens, dry cleaners, etc.) from other occupancies. During the design and construction process choosing construction materials and interior finish products with zero or low VOC emissions will improve IAQ. Most building materials and cleaning/maintenance products emit gases, some of them toxic, such as many VOCs including formaldehyde. These gases can have a detrimental impact on occupants' health, comfort, and productivity. Avoiding these products will increase a building's IEQ. LEED. HQE and Green Star contain specifications on use of low-emitting interior. Draft LEED 2012 is about to expand the scope of the involved products. BREEA Mlimits formaldehyde emissions, no other VOCs.Also important to indoor air quality is the control of moisture accumulation (dampness) leading to mold growth and the presence of bacteria and viruses as well as dust mites and other organisms and microbiological concerns. Water intrusion through a building's envelope or water condensing on cold surfaces on the building's interior can enhance and sustain microbial growth.A well-insulated and tightly sealed envelope will reduce moisture problems but adequate ventilation is also necessary to eliminate moisture from sources indoors including human metabolic processes, cooking, bathing, cleaning, and other activities.Personal temperature and airflow control over the HVAC system coupled with a properly designed building envelope will also aid in increasing a building's thermal quality. Creating ahigh performance luminous environment through the careful integration of daylight and electrical light sources will improve on the lighting quality and energy performance of a structure.Solid wood products, particularly flooring, are often specified in environments where occupants are known to have allergies to dust or other particulates. Wood itself is considered to be hypo-allergenic and its smooth surfaces prevent the buildup of particles common in soft finishes like carpet. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of American recommends hardwood, vinyl, linoleum tile or slate flooring instead of carpet. The use of wood products can also improve air quality by absorbing or releasing moisture in the air to moderate humidity.No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project. Every aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M phase of a building's life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. Although the goal of waste reduction may be applied during the design, construction and demolition phases of a building's life-cycle, it is in the O&M phase that green practices such as recycling and air quality enhancement take place. Waste reduction Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral Alliance (a coalition of government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website . The site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities, developers, contractors, owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information on wood recycling.When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically demolished and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is commonly considered "waste" and reclaiming it into useful building material. Extending the useful life of a structure also reduceswaste – building materials such as wood that are light and easy to work with make renovations easier.To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. "Grey water", wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a lot of energy. An alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits. By collecting human waste at the source and running it to a semi-centralized biogas plant with other biological waste, liquid fertilizer can be produced. This concept was demonstrated by a settlement in Lubeck Germany in the late 1990s. Practices like these provide soil with organic nutrients and create carbon sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, offsetting greenhouse gas emission. Producing artificial fertilizer is also more costly in energy than this process.中文译文：绿色建筑绿色建筑（也被称为绿色建筑或可持续建筑）是指一个结构和使用的过程，是对环境负责和资源节约型整个建筑物的循环生活：从选址到设计，施工，运行，维护，改造和拆迁。

建筑节能外墙保温技术及节能材料毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译

外墙保温技术及节能材料中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述文献翻译On the external wall insulation technology and energy savingmaterials[ Abstract ] as the energy conservation and protect environment requirements of the continuous improvement, building maintenance structure heat preservation technology is also increasing, especially in exterior wall insulation technology has made great progress, and become an important building energy saving technology. At present, the building is often used in external wall insulation are mainly within the insulation, insulation and other methods, according to the development of new technologies, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to really implement building energy conservation.[ Key words ] external wall insulation building materials energy-saving building Building energy saving is the implementation of the national environmental protection and energy conservation policy is the main content, it is to carry out the sustainable development of the national economy important component. The national Ministry of construction in1995 promulgated the" rules for the implementation of city building energy saving" and other documents, the" energy conservation design standard for residential buildings ' partial '" JGJ26-95as a mandatory standard, at the same time, the Ministry of construction and was released in October 1, 2000seventy-sixth called" regulation of civil building energy saving", do not conform to the standard of energy saving project, shall not approved for construction.In such a series of energy-saving policies, regulations, standards and mandatory guidance, China's energy-saving housing construction work unceasingly thorough, continuously improve the energy efficiency standards, the introduction of the development of many new energy-saving technology and materials, vigorously promote the use of residential buildings. But our country's current level of building energy conservation, but also far lower than developed countries, China's building energy consumption per unit area is still a climate similar to the developed countries 3 times to 5 times. Construction energy conservation is China's construction industry is an important task.One, external wall thermal insulation technologyEnergy saving thermal insulation wall construction technology mainly divided intoexterior wall internal insulation and exterior wall insulation in two categories.1internal insulation technology and its characteristics. Within the external wall insulation construction, in the exterior wall structure with internal heat insulation layer. Thermal insulation in the construction speed is fast, convenient and flexible operation, can ensure the construction progress. Internal insulation application time is long, the technology is mature, construction technology and inspection standard is perfect. In 2001the construction of external wall insulation in about 90% of the engineering application of internal insulation technology. To be popularized in large area of internal insulation technology : reinforced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforced cement composite polystyrene insulation panels, interior wall decoration with polystyrene board plastering gypsum and wipe with particles of polystyrene insulation slurry and anti-crack mortar is pressed into the mesh approach.But the internal insulation will occupy the area of use," bridge" is not easy to solve, easy to crack, but also affects the construction speed, influence dweller decoration two, and the inner wall hanging and fixing it easy to break the internal insulation structure. Internal insulation technology of irrationality, it would be replaced by external insulation.2external insulation technology and its characteristics. External insulation is currently promoting a building energy-saving insulation technology. The outer and inner thermal insulation, reasonable technology, has its obvious advantages, the use of the same specification, the same size and insulation material, insulation than the inner heat preservation effect is good. External thermal insulation technology applies not only to new construction, also apply to the transformation of old buildings, applicable to a wide range, with high technical content; external insulation package in the main structure of the lateral, to protect the main structure, prolongs the service life of buildings; effectively reduces the thermal bridges in building construction, increase the construction of effective space; while eliminating condensation, improve the living comfort.(1) external external thermal insulation external insulation materials of rock ( ore) cotton, glass cottonMat, polystyrene foam board ( referred to as polystyrene board, EPS, XPS ), ceramisite concrete composite polystyrene insulation board, stone decorative wire mesh frame sandwich wallboard. The polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, already all over the world within the external wall insulation plug technology is widely used in. The plug-in technology is the use of adhesive mortar or special fasteners, thermal insulation material affixed hanging on the wall, then wipe the anti-cracking mortar, press glass fiber grid cloth to form aprotective layer, finally combined with decorative surface. This type of external insulation installation is time-consuming, difficult construction, and the construction period to be occupied dominant, main body after the inspection to construction. In the high-rise construction, the safety of construction personnel is not easy to be guaranteed.(2) polystyrene plate wall of a casting moldingThe technique is in the concrete frame shear wall system the polyphenyl board built in building templates, in the gating of the wall outside, then pouring the concrete, concrete and polystyrene board in a casting molding for composite wall. The technology to solve the external insulation problems, its advantage is very obvious. Because the outer wall body with insulation layer of a survival, efficiency, significantly shortening the construction period, and the construction personnel safety assured. But when construction in winter, polystyrene board insulation effect, can reduce the peripheral wall heat preservation measures. But in the concrete to uniform, continuous casting, or because the concrete lateral pressure effect will cause the polystyrene board in Chaimo after deformation and staggered stubble, affect the order of the construction.All kinds of insulation technology and advantages1, expanded polystyrene board and thin plastering and reinforced by glass fiber approach and advantagesIt is currently in use in our country most one kind of external insulation wall, wherein the polystyrene board in the primary wall fixed in one of three ways:1) by bonding mortar fixed;2) using a mechanical fixture fixed;3) more than two kinds of fixed combination. This approach has the following advantages:1) because it is in Europe and the United States have been in use for nearly thirty years, in the United States have built high up to 44 layers, therefore. This technology already formed a system, the bonding layer, heat-insulating layer and facing layer supporting the use, more mature technical documents;2) due to the expanded polystyrene insulation materials, the price is very expensive, so that the whole system of moderate price. Convenient user acceptance;3) no complex construction technology, construction unit after a brief training, can grasp the essentials for construction, technology promotion;4) it set insulation, waterproofing and decoration function in a body, has the advantages of multiple functions;5) the whole system has good weatherability, good waterproof and water vapor permeability;6) a variety of color and texture of the surface coating for selection, and the entire system supporting the use of. At present. This approach in Beijing, Northeast China and other places has been widely applied, Beijing Yu Garden, Wolong garden, the Ministry of construction of C eight, C ten buildings transformation and many other engineering, have adopted this approach.However, due to expansion polystyrene against termites, termite in areas not available; due to the construction of environmental temperature of 4 degrees, not suitable for winter construction.In 2, the extruded polystyrene for external thermal insulation wallExtruded polystyrene is in recent years developed a new type of thermal insulation material. At present, extruded polystyrene and the tea layer wall fixed mode mainly adopts mechanical fasteners. The material has the advantages that:1) extruded polystyrene with dense surface and inner layer of the obturator structure. Its thermal conductivity is much lower than the same thickness of expanded polystyrene, therefore has a better thermal insulation properties of expanded polystyrene. In the same building, its thickness can be less than other types of insulation material;2) due to the inner layer of the [ knife hole structure. So it has good humidity resistance, in the humid environment, can keep good thermal insulation properties;3) suitable for cold insulation on the special requirements of the building, and can also be used for exterior wall facing material for brick or stone building,4) as a result of extruded polystyrene and the base wall fixing mode of soil using mechanical fastener. In winter the normal construction. At present. In Beijing, the river runs and other regions have to use this material for outer wall external thermal insulation construction, such as the Beijing New Oriental Plaza, Bank of China and other large public buildings. But the extruded polystyrene price is on the high side, thus is suitable for higher grade of the building. The construction technology and node structure needs to be further perfected.The 3single side steel mesh polystyrene board with the exterior wall external insulationThis is developed in recent years, used for cast-in-place concrete construction of external wall insulation system, a kind of liu. It has the following advantages:1) this system in the construction of. The steel mesh polystyrene board is arranged to pouring wall inside an external mold, external insulation board and the wall a survival, after stripping the insulation board and the wall be made one, thus saving manpower, time and cost of installation;2) selection of steel mesh polystyrene plate, light weight, easy construction;3) construction easy to master. Winter construction of polystyrene board as usual;4) the lateral hanging wire, finishes available tiles. At present, this system is mainly used for cast-in-place concrete, high-rise residential, its construction, installation technology has yet to be further improved.A 4 insulation paste material for exterior wall thermal insulationIn recent years, insulation paste is also beginning to be used in building outer wall heat preservation. The utility model has the advantages of:1) insulation paste adhesive layer, insulating layer and the decorative layer has formed a system, for supporting theuse of;2) thermal insulation mortar for exterior wall thermal insulation, the basic wall roughness requirement is not high, easy in the shape of the basal wall construction;3) comparison of the construction process is simple, the operation easy to master;4) some insulation slurry material used in recycling of waste polystyrene granule as aggregate, energy saving, is beneficial to protect environment;5) can be used to repair the wall plastering surface cracks. At present, Beijing has many high-rise building exterior insulation with thermal paste, such as modern literature museum. However, insulation paste exterior wall external insulation node structure, construction process has yet to be further improved.Above a few kinds of external wall thermal insulation technology, due to the adoption of the materials and construction technology are different, so their applicable scope are not the same. In use. Should be according to the design of construction cost, geographic location and other factors to choose.In two, the external wall thermal insulation energy-saving materialsEnergy saving materials belonging to the thermal insulation materials. Insulation material is used for building or thermal equipment, heat transfer impedance material or material complex, including both insulation materials, including cold insulation materials. Insulation material sense, on one hand is to satisfy the architectural space or thermal equipment, thermal environment, on the other hand, in order to save energy. With the worldwide energy shortage, thermal insulation material in energy-saving aspects of the meaning is more and more important. Only the general residents of heating air conditioning, through the use of thermal insulation building materials, which can be the basis of the existing energy-saving 50% ~80%. According to the Japanese energy-saving practice proved, each using1 tons of insulating material, can save coal3 tons / year, the energy-saving efficiency is10 times the cost of production. Thus, in some countries, the thermal insulation material as following coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power after the fifth big" energy".The 1insulation material performance. Adiabatic, is to maximize heat transfer impedance, so the requirement of adiabatic material must has great thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity.From material composition, organic polymer thermal conductivity than the inorganic non-metallic material; thermal conductivity than the metallic material; gaseous material thermal conductivity less than the liquid material, the liquid material is less than solid. So when conditions permit, should try to use the organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic material, which is favorable for heat insulation.From the material structure, as the material is apparent density decreased, the porosity increases, the material inside the pores as a substantially enclosed micro hole, coefficient of heat conductivity of the material is relatively small. For foam products,to meet the requirements of thermal insulation materials and the best apparent density of 16~ 40kg / m3.2 commonly used thermal insulation materials. Can meet the performance requirements for exterior insulation energy-saving materials are: polystyrene foam board ( EPS and XPS ), rock ( ore) cotton board, glass wool felt and super light particles of polystyrene insulation slurry etc.. All of the above materials are a common feature of the materials within a closed hole, their apparent density is small, it is also used as insulation materials required.Rock ( ore) wool and glass wool are sometimes referred to as the mineral cotton, which belongs to the field of inorganic material. Rock wool, not combustion, low price, to meet the heat insulation performance but also has a certain sound insulation effect. But the rock quality varied widely, good thermal insulation properties of low density, the tensile strength is low, poor durability.Three, conclusionAt present our country external wall thermal insulation technology development is very rapid, is the focus of energy conservation. External wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials innovation are inseparable, building energy conservation must be based on the development of new energy-saving materials as the premise, must have sufficient insulation material base. Energy saving materials development must again and external wall thermal insulation technology combined, can truly play its role. It is the result of energy saving material innovation, external wall insulation technology superiority can be taken seriously increasingly by people. So in promoting external wall insulation technology, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to realize building energy saving.Reference.[1] building energy research center of Tsinghua University. Annual report on China building energy efficiency2009[ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,2009: 48-57.文献翻译浅谈外墙保温技术及节能材料[摘要]随着对节约能源与保护环境的要求的不断提高,建筑维护结构的保温技术也在日益加强,尤其是外墙保温技术得到了长足的发展,并成为我国一项重要的建筑节能技术。

建筑结构设计及材料中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Structure in Design of ArchitectureAnd Structural MaterialWe have and the architects must deal with the spatial aspect of activity, physical, and symbolic needs in such a way that overall performance integrity is assured. Hence, he or she well wants to think of evolving a building environment as a total system of interacting and space forming subsystems. Is represents a complex challenge, and to meet it the architect will need a hierarchic design process that provides at least three levels of feedback thinking: schematic,preliminary, and final.Such a hierarchy is necessary if he or she is to avoid being confused , at conceptual stages of design thinking ,by the myriad detail issues that can distract attention from more basic considerations .In fact , we can say that an architect’s ability to distinguish the more basic form the more detailed issues is essential to his success as a designer .The object of the schematic feed back level is to generate and evaluate overall site-plan, activity-interaction, and building-configuration options .To do so the architect must be able to focus on the interaction of the basic attributes of the site context, the spatial organization, and the symbolism as determinants of physical form. This means that ,in schematic terms ,the architect may first conceive and model a building design as an organizational abstraction of essential performance-space in teractions.Then he or she may explore the overall space-form implications of the abstraction. As an actual building configuration option begins to emerge, it will be modified to include consideration for basic site conditions.At the schematic stage, it would also be helpful if the designer could visualize his or her options for achieving overall structural integrity and consider the constructive feasibility and economic ofhis or her scheme .But this will require that the architect and/or a consultant be able to conceptualize total-system structural options in terms of elemental detail .Such overall thinking can be easily fed back to improve the space-form scheme.At the preliminary level, the architect’s emphasis will shift to the elaboration of his or her more promising schematic design options .Here the architect’s structural needs will shift to approximate design of specific subsystem options. At this stage the total structural scheme is developed to a middle level of specificity by focusing on identification and design of major subsystems to the extent that their key geometric, component, and interactive properties are established .Basic subsystem interaction and design conflicts can thus be identified and resolved in the context of total-system objectives. Consultants can play a significant part in this effort; these preliminary-level decisions may also result in feedback that calls for refinement or even major change in schematic concepts.When the designer and the client are satisfied with the feasibility of a design proposal at the preliminary level, it means that the basic problems of overall design are solved and details are not likely to produce major change .The focus shifts again ,and the design process moves into the final level .At this stage the emphasiswill be on the detailed development of all subsystem specifics . Here the role of specialists from various fields, including structural engineering, is much larger, since all detail of the preliminary design must be worked out. Decisions made at this level may produce feedback into Level II that will result in changes. However, if Levels I and II are handled with insight, the relationship between the overall decisions, made at the schematic and preliminary levels, and the specifics of the final level should be such that gross redesign is not in question, Rather, the entire process should be one of moving in an evolutionary fashion from creation and refinement (or modification) of the more general properties of a total-system design concept, to the fleshing out of requisite elements and details.To summarize: At Level I, the architect must first establish, in conceptual terms, the overall space-form feasibility of basic schematic options. At this stage, collaboration with specialists can be helpful, but only if in the form of overall thinking. At Level II, the architect must be able to identify the major subsystem requirements implied by the scheme and substantial their interactive feasibility by approximating key component properties .That is, the properties of major subsystems need be worked out only in sufficient depth to very the inherent compatibility of their basic form-related and behavioral interaction . This will mean a somewhat more specificform of collaboration with specialists then that in level I .At level III ,the architect and the specific form of collaboration with specialists then that providing for all of the elemental design specifics required to produce biddable construction documents .Of course this success comes from the development of the Structural Material.The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and masonry brick, stone, or tile, and similar materials. The courses or layers were bound together with mortar or bitumen, a tar like substance, or some other binding agent. The Greeks and Romans sometimes used iron rods or claps to strengthen their building. The columns of the Parthenon in Athens, for example, have holes drilled in them for iron bars that have now rusted away. The Romans also used a natural cement called puzzling, made from volcanic ash, that became as hard as stone under water.Both steel and cement, the two most important construction materials of modern times, were introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon had been made up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage of steel is its tensile forcewhich, as we have seen, tends to pull apart many materials. New alloys have further, which is a tendency for it to weaken as a result of continual changes in stress.Modern cement, called Portland cement, was invented in 1824. It is a mixture of limestone and clay, which is heated and then ground into a power. It is mixed at or near the construction site with sand, aggregate small stones, crushed rock, or gravel, and water to make concrete. Different proportions of the ingredients produce concrete with different strength and weight. Concrete is very versatile; it can be poured, pumped, or even sprayed into all kinds of shapes. And whereas steel has great tensile strength, concrete has great strength under compression. Thus, the two substances complement each other.They also complement each other in another way: they have almost the same rate of contraction and expansion. They therefore can work together in situations where both compression and tension are factors. Steel rods are embedded in concrete to make reinforced concrete in concrete beams or structures where tensions will develop. Concrete and steel also form such a strong bond─ the force that unites them─ that the steel cannot slip within the concrete. Still another advantage is that steel does not rust in concrete. Acid corrodes steel, whereas concrete has an alkaline chemical reaction, the opposite of acid.The adoption of structural steel and reinforced concrete caused major changes in traditional construction practices. It was no longer necessary to use thick walls of stone or brick for multistory buildings, and it became much simpler to build fire-resistant floors. Both these changes served to reduce the cost of construction. It also became possible to erect buildings with greater heights and longer spans.Since the weight of modern structures is carried by the steel or concrete frame, the walls do not support the building. They have become curtain walls, which keep out the weather and let in light. In the earlier steel or concrete frame building, the curtain walls were generally made of masonry; they had the solid look of bearing walls. Today, however, curtain walls are often made of lightweight materials such as glass, aluminum, or plastic, in various combinations.Another advance in steel construction is the method of fastening together the beams. For many years the standard method was riveting.A rivet is a bolt with a head that looks like a blunt screw without threads. It is heated, placed in holes through the pieces of steel, and a second head is formed at the other end by hammering it to hold it in place. Riveting has now largely been replaced by welding, the joining together of pieces of steel by melting a steel materialbetween them under high heat.Priestess’s concrete is an improved form of reinforcement. Steel rods are bent into the shapes to give them the necessary degree of tensile strengths. They are then used to priestess concrete, usually by one of two different methods. The first is to leave channels in a concrete beam that correspond to the shapes of the steel rods. When the rods are run through the channels, they are then bonded to the concrete by filling the channels with grout, a thin mortar or binding agent. In the other (and more common) method, the priestesses steel rods are placed in the lower part of a form that corresponds to the shape of the finished structure, and the concrete is poured around them. Priestess’s concrete uses less steel and less concrete. Because it is a highly desirable material.Progressed concrete has made it possible to develop buildings with unusual shapes, like some of the modern, sports arenas, with large spaces unbroken by any obstructing supports. The uses for this relatively new structural method are constantly being developed.建筑中的结构设计及建筑材料建筑师必须从一种全局的角度出发去处理建筑设计中应该考虑到的实用活动，物质及象征性的需求。

建筑节能技术的推广与应用(英文中文双语版优质文档)

建筑节能技术的推广与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the continuous aggravation of global climate change, energy and environmental issues have become the focus of attention. The construction industry is a major industry that consumes global energy. How to reduce building energy consumption and impact on the environment has become a key issue facing the global construction industry. In this context, building energy-saving technology has been widely concerned and applied.1. The development history of building energy-saving technologyThe development of building energy-saving technology can be traced back to the 1970s, when, due to the impact of the energy crisis, people began to pay attention to energy-saving issues. Since then, building energy-saving technology has gradually developed, and after decades of development, important progress has been made. The development of building energy-saving technology can be divided into the following stages:1. The first stage: 1970s to 1980sFrom the 1970s to the 1980s, people began to pay attention to building energy conservation. The main energy-saving measures adopted included adding heat insulation layers, installing energy-saving glass, and adopting energy-saving lamps.2. The second stage: 1990s to 2000sFrom the 1990s to the 2000s, building energy efficiency technologies were further developed. In addition to adopting traditional energy-saving measures such as heat insulation and lighting, advanced building energy-saving technologies such as solar energy and ground-source heat pumps have also been introduced.3. The third stage: the 21st centurySince the 21st century, building energy-saving technologies have been further developed and promoted. Governments and enterprises of various countries have begun to adopt more advanced technologies to improve building energy-saving levels, such as the use of high-efficiency heat insulation materials and building integration technologies.2. Application of building energy-saving technologyBuilding energy-saving technologies have been widely used around the world. Some typical cases are listed below.1. Nordic countriesThe Nordic countries are one of the regions in the world where building energy-saving technologies are widely used. The governments of these countries have very strict requirements on building energy saving, so building energy saving technologies have been widely used in these countries. For example, in countries such as Denmark and Sweden, the government encourages the use of renewable energy and low-carbon materials in the construction industry, while also setting strict energy consumption standards and building codes. These measures promote the sustainable development of the construction industry and at the same time contribute to environmental protection.2. ChinaChina is a big country in the global construction industry, and building energy-saving technologies have been widely used in China. For example, in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the government has implemented building energy conservation standards, requiring new buildings to meet certain energy consumption standards. At the same time, China is also promoting new building energy-saving materials and technologies, such as the use of new heat insulation materials and integrated building design, to improve the level of building energy conservation.3. United StatesThe United States is also one of the important application countries of building energy-saving technology. The US government has invested a lot of money and manpower in the promotion of energy-saving technologies, for example, by formulating energy consumption standards and tax incentives to encourage enterprises to adopt energy-saving technologies. In addition, the United States is also researching and developing new building energy-saving technologies, such as using renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy.3. Future development of building energy-saving technologyBuilding energy-saving technology will face some challenges and opportunities in the future development.1. ChallengeThe main challenges facing building energy efficiency technologies include:(1) Cost issue: At present, many building energy-saving technologies have relatively high costs, and long-term investment is required to obtain returns.(2) Technical issues: Some new building energy-saving technologies are still in the research and development and testing stage, and need to be further improved and promoted.(3) Awareness problem: In some areas, people's awareness of building energy conservation is not strong enough, and publicity and education need to be strengthened.2. OpportunitiesThe future development of building energy-saving technology also faces some opportunities:(1) Policy support: Governments of various countries have higher and higher requirements for building energy efficiency, and policy support has become more and more powerful.(2) Technological progress: new building energy-saving technologies are constantly emerging, and it is expected to achieve more efficient and economical energy-saving effects in the future.(3) Market demand: With the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the market demand for building energy-saving technologies will gradually increase.Generally speaking, building energy-saving technology will face challenges and opportunities in the future development. It requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and all parties in society to promote the development of building energy-saving technology and promote the sustainable development of the building industry and environmental protection.随着全球气候变化的不断加剧，能源和环境问题成为了人们关注的焦点。

外墙外保温系统中英文

Exterior Insulation FinishingSystemExterior Insulation and Finishing System (EIFS) is a type of building exterior wall cladding system that provides exterior walls with an insulated finished surface and waterproofing in an integrated composite material system.Contents• 1 Terminology• 2 How EIFS is installed• 3 Composition and types of EIFS• 4 History of EIFS• 5 Legal issues• 6 Marketing of EIFS and The EIFS Industry•7 EIFS Architectural Details•8 ReferencesTerminologyAlthough often called "synthetic stucco", EIFS is not stucco. Traditional stucco, otherwise known as Portland Cement Plaster, is a centuries-old non-insulating material. Stucco consists of sand, Portland Cement, and water, and is a hard, dense, thick, non-insulating material. EIFS is a lightweight synthetic wall cladding that includes foam plastic insulation and thin synthetic coatings. There are also specialty stuccos that use synthetic materials but no insulation, and these are also not EIFS either. A common example is what is calledone-coat stucco, which is a thick, synthetic stucco applied in a single layer (traditional stucco is applied in 3 layers). There is also an EIFS-like product called a Direct-Applied Finish System (or DAFS), which is essentially an EIFS but without the insulation, and has quite different characteristics.EIFS are proprietary systems of a particular EIFS producer and consist of specific components. EIFS are not generic products made from common separate materials. To function properly, EIFS needs to be architecturally designed and installed as a system.There are a number of versions of EIFS. The most basic and common EIFS is called a barrier EIFS (also known as a traditional or conventional EIFS). Another type is called an EIFS with Drainage, which is a barrier EIFS to which a water drainage capability has been added.A basic EIFS includes only the insulation and EIFS materials (coatings, adhesives, etc.). Other types of EIFS may also include plastic edge trim, water-resistive barriers, a drainage cavity, and other accessories. The technical definition of "an EIFS" does not include wall framing, sheathing, flashings, caulking, water barriers, windows, doors, and other wall components. However, as of recently, architects have begun specifying flashings, sealants, and wiring fasteners (such as Viperstrap) as being a part of the EIFS scope of work, essentially requiring EIFS contractors to carry out that work as well. The technical national consensus standard for the definition of an EIFS, as published by ASTM International organization, does not include flashing or sealants as part of the EIFS. Many of the EIFS manufacturers have their own standard details showing typical building conditions for window and door flashings, control joints, inside/outside corners, penetrations, and joints at dissimilar materials which should be followed for that manufacturers warranty. Most EIFS products are intended for use by qualified professional contractors and not the typical home consumer.How EIFS is installedEIFS is typically attached to the outside face of exterior walls with an adhesive (cementitious or acrylic based) or mechanical fasteners. Adhesives are commonly used to attach EIFS to gypsum board, cement board, or concrete substrates. EIFS is attached with mechanical fasteners (specially designed for this application) when installed over sheet-good weather barriers such as are commonly used over wood sheathings. The supporting wall surface should be continuous (not "open framing") and flat.Composition and types of EIFSEIFS consists of a number of layers that are installed in the following order. The most basic EIFS (a barrier EIFS) consists of 3 layers:• A layer of foam plastic insulation (also called simply "foam") that comes in the form of sheets . If an adhesive is used to attach the insulation, the adhesive is applied to the foam with a trowel. Most EIFS use a type ofinsulation called Expanded Polystyrene, also known as EPS. EPS is1 lb. density Expanded Polystyrene, similar to the white foam thatcoffee cups are made of. The usual range of thickness for EIFSinsulation is 3/4, although thicker pieces are sometimes used fordecoration accents - called foam shapes.• A reinforced layer that is applied onto the face of the insulation with a trowel, consisting of a fiberglass reinforcing mesh ( or "mesh")embedded in a cementitous adhesive. The mesh has an open weave,somewhat like window screening but with opening about 1/4" square. Itis made of fiberglass and can be cut with a utility knife. The mesh isavailable in various weights, the "heaviness" determines the impactstrength of the surface (resistance to damage by being "hit"). Thestandard weight is 4oz, the high-impact mesh weight goes up to 15 or20oz. This 2-part layer is called the Base Coat.• A final topcoat,or finish, which is a colored, textured paint-like material that is applied with a trowel or, very rarely, by spraying. A wide range of colors and textures are available as well as custom colors. Availabletextures include smooth surfaces, rough "stucco-like" textures,embedded stone chips, multi-color (granite-like mixtures,) and evenbrick-like treatments. This layer is called the finish. It is acquired byfloating.If an EIFS with Drainage, or water-managed EIFS is installed, a water resistive barrier (aka a WRB) is first installed over the substrate (generally DensGlas Gold, exterior-grade gypsum sheathing, OSB or plywood). The moisture barrier is applied to the entire wall surface with a mesh tape over joints and a liquid-applied membrane or a protective wrap like Tyvek or felt paper. Then a drainage cavity is created (usually by adding some sort of space between the foam and the WRB). Then the other 3 layers, described above, are added. This type of EIFS is required by many building codes areas on wood frame construction, and is intended to provide a path for incidental water that may get behind the EIFS with a safe route back to the outside. The purpose is to preclude water from damaging the supporting wall.Adhesives and Finishes are water-based, and thus must be installed at temperatures well above freezing. Two types of Adhesives are used with EIFS: those that contain Portland Cement ("cementitious"), or do not have any Portland Cement ("cementless"). Adhesives that contain Portland Cement harden by the chemical reaction of the cement with water. Adhesives and Finishes that are cementless harden by the evaporation of water - like house paint. Adhesives come in two forms. The most common is in a plastic pail as a paste, to which Portland Cement is added. Adhesives are also available as dry powders in sacks, to which water is added. Finishes come in a plastic pail, ready to use, like paint. EIFS insulation comes in individual pieces, usually 2' x 4', in large bags. The pieces are trimmed to fit the wall at the construction site.History of EIFSEIFS was developed in Europe after World War II and was initially used to retrofit solid masonry walls. EIFS started to be used in North America in the 1960s, and became very popular in the mid- 1970's due to the oil embargo and the resultant surge in interest in high energy efficiency wall systems (such as EIFS provides). The use of EIFS over stud-and-sheathing framing (instead ofover solid walls) is a North American technique. EIFS is now used all over North America, and also in many other areas around the world, especially in Europe and the Pacific Rim.In North America, EIFS was initially used almost exclusively on commercial buildings. As the market grew, prices dropped to the point where its use became widespread on normal single family homes.In the late 1980s problems started developing due to water leakage inEIFS-clad homes. This created a national controversy and numerous lawsuits. While not inherently more prone to water penetration than other exterior finishes, critics argue that barrier-type EIFS systems (non-water-managed systems) do not allow water that may penetrate the building envelope to escape.[The EIFS industry has consistently maintained that the EIFS itself was not leaking, but rather poor craftsmanship and bad architectural detailing at the perimeter of the EIFS was what was causing the problems. The building codes reacted by mandating EIFS with Drainage on wood frame building and additional on-site inspection. Most homeowner insurance policies cover EIFS and EIFS-like systems.Insurance companies like FM Global may not provide fire insurance coverage to clients who install EIFS exterior building systems, due to the lack of adequate fire-resistance inherent in the materials. Also, some facility owners have found that EIFS systems that are installed at lower building levels are subject to vandalism as the material is soft and can be chipped or carved resulting in significant damage.Legal issuesEIFS systems have been the subject of several lawsuits, mostly related to the installation process and failure of the system causing moisture buildups and subsequent mold growth. The most notable case concerned the former San Martin, California courthouse. This case was settled for 12 million dollars.The basic underlying problem behind EIFS litigation was that EIFS was marketed as a cost-effective replacement for stucco. Stucco is expensive to install because it cracks over time. Stucco must be carefully applied by skilled craftsmen so that the cracks which will inevitably develop are subtle and not obvious. General contractors switched to EIFS because it was supposed to be easy to install with unskilled or semi-skilled labor and would not crack like traditional stucco. Although EIFS if properly installed according to the manufacturer's directions should not have water intrusion problems, many GCs cut corners by using unqualified labor. In turn, thousands of EIFSinstallations were noncompliant and suffered severe water intrusion and mold as a result. While the EIFS industry has consistently tried to shift the blame to GCs, the construction industry has retorted that using professional unionized journeymen carpenters in turn eliminates the cost advantage of EIFS over stucco, and that the EIFS industry should have anticipated this issue and engineered its products from the beginning to be installed by unskilled labor or semi-skilled labor (that is, it should have been a fault-tolerant design).外墙外保温系统外墙外保温系统(EIFS)是一种建筑外观幕墙系统,提供外墙的保温与表面防水于一体的综合性复合材料体系。

建筑节能技术与应用(英文中文双语版优质文档)

建筑节能技术与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）As the impact of global climate change becomes more and more obvious, the issue of energy conservation in the building industry is also becoming more prominent. Building energy efficiency can not only reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, but also reduce building operating costs, while improving indoor comfort and indoor air quality. Therefore, building energy efficiency has become an issue that cannot be ignored in the global construction industry. This article will introduce some common building energy-saving technologies and applications.1. Passive building energy saving technologytechnology that uses the characteristics of the building itself to reduce energy consumption. For example, when designing a building, energy savings can be achieved by choosing the proper orientation and setting the appropriate size and location of windows to maximize the use of natural light and natural ventilation. In addition, thermal insulation materials can also be used to insulate and keep warm to prevent the exchange of hot and cold air, thereby reducing the heat exchange between indoors and outdoors. The advantage of passive building energy-saving technology is that it does not require additional energy consumption, and at the same time it can improve the comfort and indoor air quality of the building.2. Active building energy-saving technologyexternal energy or equipment to achieve energy-saving purposes. For example, solar panels on the exterior of buildings can generate electricity by absorbing sunlight, reducing reliance on conventional electricity. The intelligent control system can also automatically adjust air conditioning and lighting by monitoring data such as indoor temperature and humidity to minimize energy consumption. In addition, equipment such as efficient mechanical ventilation systems and solar water heaters can also significantly reduce energy consumption.3. Application of Renewable Energy in Building Energy ConservationThe application of renewable energy is one of the important means of building energy conservation. Solar energy, wind energy, and water energy are all common renewable energy sources, and their application in building energy efficiency is also becoming more and more popular. Solar photovoltaic panels can make buildings self-sufficient in energy supply by converting sunlight into electricity. Wind energy can be generated by installing wind turbines to power buildings. Water energy can be converted into energy by using hydroelectric generators. The application of renewable energy can not only reduce energy consumption, but also reduce dependence on traditional energy sources, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and reducing the impact on the environment.4. Practical application of building energy savingThe building energy-saving technologies introduced above are carried out at the theoretical level, but in fact, these technologies need to be effectively applied in the whole process of building design, construction and operation in order to really play a role. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with various aspects such as architectural designers, construction personnel, owners and operators to ensure the practical application effect of building energy-saving technology.In the architectural design stage, factors such as the orientation of the building, the insulation of the building's exterior walls, the location and size of windows and doors should be considered. At the same time, efficient building materials and construction techniques should be adopted to achieve energy-saving effects. During the construction phase, it is necessary to ensure that energy-saving measures such as thermal insulation and insulation will not be damaged during construction. In the building operation stage, it is necessary to make reasonable use of the intelligent control system to adjust the indoor environment, and at the same time maintain the equipment regularly to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.5. The Prospect of Building Energy ConservationWith the increasingly serious environmental problems, building energy conservation has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the global construction industry. In the future, building energy-saving technologies will be more widely used, and will continue to be innovated and improved. For example, new building materials, more efficient energy utilization and intelligent control systems will become important directions for building energy conservation. At the same time, the government and society will pay more and more attention to the issue of building energy conservation, and increase support and promotion of building energy conservation technologies.In short, building energy efficiency has become an important topic in the global construction industry. The application of passive building energy saving technology, active building energy saving technology and renewable energy is an important means to achieve building energy saving. In the future, building energy-saving technologies will continue to be innovated and improved. At the same time, cooperation between architectural designers, construction personnel, owners and operators is required to ensure the actual application effect of building energy-saving technologies.随着全球气候变化的影响越来越明显，建筑行业的节能问题也愈发凸显。

建筑节能中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照资料外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译现代办公建筑发展新趋势绿色决定价值个性赢得市场进入二十一世纪后，美国人做过一项统计，发现美国税收来源的83.5%来自于写字楼，而不是工厂。

中国的比例估计还没那么高，但同样，写字楼已经不再像二十世纪工业文明时代那样，仅仅是工厂的管理附属，仅仅是企业的接待站，仅仅是管理者的门面，而真正成为了财富的聚集地。

因为写字楼性质的这一种根本性变化，写字楼开发，自然也越来越关注使用者，尤其是创造最大价值的员工本身的舒适、健康、个性化需求，能否激发使用者的灵感，进行更有效率的脑力创造，成为衡量新时代写字楼的主要标准。

现代办公建筑开发，因而出现了以下一些新的趋势。

生态办公：绿色决定价值好几年前，IBM就因为环境因素从中关村搬了出去，因为IBM的全球写字楼都要遵循22摄氏度的办公温度标准，用养热带鱼的标准养人、养设备，而中关村达不到这个要求。

大企业的挑剔显示了现代写字楼的最大特征———生态办公成为一种趋势，最贵的楼不再是最高的楼，而是环境最好、最舒适的楼。

当然，生态办公不仅意味着小环境的绿色舒适，还意味着针对大环境的节能环保，既让员工快乐工作，提高效率，更能节省使用费用，让老板快乐赚钱。

高层生态写字楼对于依赖市中心商务圈的高层写字楼而言，大环境无法选择，小环境的生态环保还是有很多作为的。

比如，通过薄板楼体、外遮阳设备、呼吸幕墙、隔热玻璃、新型空调、立体绿化等方式，来营造生态写字楼。

外遮阳设备在国外的高档写字楼中应用非常广泛，像英国的诺丁汉国内税务中心，就采用轻质遮阳板和自动控制的遮阳百叶，使整组建筑既能充分利用白天的自然光，有可以有效地遮挡室外的直射光线，避免室内炫光。

国内的高档写字楼，也开始慢慢采用外遮阳设备，如北京顶级写字楼新保利大厦，则在大楼的西侧和南侧采用了竖向石材遮阳百页，按照北京的四季光照设置最佳角度，确保夏天最大的遮阳效果和冬天最佳的日照效果。

墙体的保温隔热是建筑节能的重要部分，在现代办公建筑中，比一般幕墙更为保温、通风的可呼吸幕墙和LOW—E玻璃等带有特殊功能的玻璃成为首选。

保温施工方案中英文对照版SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

int System must have an authorized acceptance certificate prior to the installation of any insulation.
2.2 Preparation
Prior to the installation of insulation all steel surfaces shall be dry, clean and free from grease, and dirt. Partially insulated surfaces shall be fully painted, and fully insulated surfaces shall be fully primed, in accordance with *****-ED-N-0001.
1.2 本说明书不应用在由制造商（机械，阀门等）提供的成套设备。
1.3 该规范涵盖了热保温的最低技术要求，包括热环境的容器、热交换器，仪器仪表保温和操作温度范围 0℃至 600℃的管道。它的目的是与项目有关的所有项目中使用。
1.4 In this specification the word “shall” indicates a requirement that is to be adopted in order to comply with the specification while the word “should” indicates recommended practice.
1.0 SCOPE 2.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Workmanship 2.2 Preparation 2.3 Testing 2.4 Extent of Insulation 2.5 Selection of Materials 2.6 Thickness of Insulation 2.7 Application 2.8 Appendices

建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with anoverviewReinSince the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance.Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency.1、steel mechanical link1.1 radial squeeze linkWill be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linkedCharacteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.Easy and simple to handle, construction fast, save energy and material, comprehensive economy profitable, this method has been already a large amount of application in the project.Applicable scope : Suitable for Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳgrade reinforcing bar (including welding bad reinfor cing bar ) with ribbing of Ф 18- 50mm, connection between the same diameter or different diameters reinforcing bar .1.2must squeeze linkExtruders used in the covers, reinforced axis along the cold metal sleeve squeeze dedicated to insert sleeve Lane two hot rolling steel drums into a highly integrated mechanical linking methods.Characteristic: Easy to operate and joining fast and not having flame homework , can construct for 24 hours , save a large number of reinforcing bars and energy. Applicable scope : Suitable for , set up according to first and second class antidetonation requirement -proof armored concrete structure ФⅡ, Ⅲgrade reinforcing bar with ribbing of hot rolling of 20- 32mm join and construct live.1.3 cone thread connectingUsing cone thread to bear pulled, pressed both effort and self-locking nature, undergo good principles will be reinforced by linking into cone-processing thread at the moment the value of integration into the joints connecting steel bars.Characteristic: Simple , all right preparatory cut of the craft , connecting fast, concentricity is good, have pattern person who restrain from advantage reinforcing bar carbon content.Applicable scope : Suitable for the concrete structure of the industry , civil buil ding and general structures, reinforcing bar diameter is for Фfor the the 16- 40mm one Ⅱ, Ⅲgrade verticality, it is the oblique to or reinforcing bars horizontal join construct live.conclusionsThese are now commonly used to connect steel synthesis methods, which links technology in the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries are widely used. There are different ways to connect their different characteristics and scope of the actual construction of production depending on the specific project choose a suitable method of connecting to achieve both energy conservation and saving time limit for a project ends.钢筋混凝土构造中钢筋连接综述改革开放以来，伴随国民经济旳迅速、持久发展，多种钢筋混凝土建筑构造大量建造，钢筋连接技术得到很大旳发展。

住宅建筑节能外文翻译中英文2019

住宅建筑节能外文翻译中英文2019英文Environmental and economic implications of energy efficiency in new residential buildings: A multi-criteria selection approachDelia D'Agostino, Danny Parker, Paco MeliaAbstractThe choice of the most appropriate technologies in buildings is often a challenge at the design stage, especially when many different criteria are taken into account. Consequently, the decision process relies often on one criterion only, such as costs or energy savings. We propose a multi-criteria approach based on multi-attribute utility theory to assess alternative energy efficiency measures, explicitly considering both environmental and economic criteria. We apply it to the design of a new residential building in Milan (Italy), with the aim to maximize CO2 emission savings related to electricity and gas consumption, and to minimize embodied energy and investment costs. After modelling the building prototype, alternative energy efficiency measures are assessed and ranked according to the selected criteria.The building optimized through the implementation of the best performing measures showed an overall 90% reduction in operational primary energy compared to the baseline building. The inclusion of the embodied energy altered the energy performance calculations resulting in55–67% reduction in total energy over a 10-year period, and 77–82% over a 30-year period. Results point to the importance of a comprehensive implementation of measures, such as thermal improvements, high efficiency equipment, appliances, and renewable energy generation. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of this framework to support the decision process from a multi-criteria perspective, proposing a flexible method that can be adapted to other building types, environmental conditions, materials and technologies. It also highlights the importance of considering both environmental and economic criteria when designing a new building. It stresses how the embodied energy should be a criterion for technology selection, as current strategies to reduce operational energy often increase the amount of energy embodied into buildings with environmental consequences.Keywords：Multi-criteria decision making，Energy efficiency measures，Embodied energy，Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT)，Building modelling and simulation，CO2emission savingsIntroductionEnergy efficiency is recognized as one of the priorities of the Energy Union strategy. Improving energy efficiency is expected to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy import dependency, create jobs, boost energy security, support research, innovation and competitiveness. Accounting for approximately 40% of primary energyand 36% of greenhouse emissions, the building sector is currently the largest end-use sector in Europe. In particular, the residential sector consumes more than a quarter of total energy and accounts for two thirds of building consumption.The European Union has launched a policy framework aimed at reducing energy consumption and obtaining considerable savings from buildings. The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) contain important provisions, but a major step forward is represented by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast. The Directive establishes the implementation of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs) as the building target from 2018 onwards. NZEBs are defined as buildings with a very high energy performance, where energy requirements should mostly be covered by renewable energy sources. Another important novelty is the introduction of cost-optimality. A methodology is described to derive cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements. The cost-optimal level represents the energy performance which leads to the lowest cost over the building lifecycle.Combining NZEBs and cost-optimality remains challenging and often performed only at a research level. Additionally, although different studies have highlighted that reaching the NZEBs target is achievable, it is not always proven that the selected design choices are the most suitablefrom both an environmental and economic perspective.Moreover, improving energy efficiency in buildings has been mainly focused on reducing operational emissions (e.g. linked to heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems (HV AC), domestic hot water, lighting, appliances), but it is estimated that about 30% of the energy consumed throughout the lifetime of a building is within its embodied energy.Research aimsThis study aims at illustrating a method able to select the technology measures that are most convenient from an economic and environmental perspective. A new residential building located in Milan (Italy) is chosen as a case study. An assessment approach based on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) has been developed to support a multi-criteria evaluation of selected technology measures. The study considers at the same time the minimization of embodied energy and investment costs, as well as the maximization of electricity and gas savings associated with each measure. The proposed approach allows a comparison of alternative technologies to be potentially implemented in the building prototype. The research involves the following steps:•identification of appropriate criteria representing the different objectives of the decision and their organization into a hierarchy;•establishment of mathematical functions to evaluate the satisfaction(utility) associated with each alternative with respect to different criteria;•determination of a set of weights that represent the relative importance of each criterion to the overall utility;•evaluation and ranking of the alternatives.The baseline and the optimized building are then simulated and compared in terms of energy consumption, costs and CO2 emissions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess how the outputs are affected by the uncertainty on the relative importance of the selected criteria as well as embodied energy estimations.Literature reviewA literature review is now given in relation to the main topics linked to this paper: embodied energy, technology measures, and multi-criteria decision-making methods.Embodied energyAlthough largely ignored, the embodied energy comprises the materials used in the building and technical installations, as well as the energy consumed at the time of construction or renovation of the building. In particular, it includes: the energy used to extract raw resources, process materials, assemble product components, transport between each step, construction, maintenance and repair, deconstruction and disposal. The estimated embodied energy depends on factors such as building age, climate, and materials.The building envelope is a key element for both embodied and operational energy in buildings. In more detail, the building envelope (floors, walls, roof, and finishes) contributes for about 48–50% to the overall embodied energy of a standard house. Although envelope improvements contribute to lower operational energy consumption, there are concerns about the global warming potential and other impacts that some technologies can have on the environment.Embodied energy and costs of recycled and reused materials widely vary Recent literature emphasizes standard protocols for the estimation of embodied energy. Although there are standards, such as EN 15978 and subsequent standards, questions on embodied energy quantification remain. For instance, there is extensive uncertainty regarding the embodied energy evaluation, mainly linked to available data sources, estimation methodologies, variability of time and location.Both operational energy and embodied energy are subject to performance gaps. The gap can be between simulated and monitored data in relation to the operational energy. It is subject to measurement boundaries and empirical data sources for embodied energy data. Relative to building simulation, there have frequently been performance gaps where savings from simulation have been higher than that realized in real buildings. However, there are many efforts to address these shortcomings through the use of real monitored data to guide and validate simulationinputs.The most commonly used means to estimate embodied energy for materials or products is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. This is a standardized environmental tool to quantify the energy, carbon or water liabilities which a product or process imposes on the physical environment. This is usually carried out as life-cycle energy assessment, a form of LCA where energy consumption of the various phases is measured to account for all energy inputs over the building life. Differences in embodied energy factors arise in embodied energy estimations due to differences in scope as well as in the technology used for material production and transportation.Besides the embodied energy, it is worth mentioning the embodied carbon which considers how GHGs are released throughout the supply chain to provide a material or service. It represents the carbon footprint of a material or process. It is an alternative metric which can be more comprehensive in accounting for the emissions intensity of the energy carrier.To date, a number of studies consider the embodied carbon or embodied energy as a criteria for technology selection along with energy savings and costs in low energy buildings. In particular, Thormark and others have shown that very low energy buildings typically have embodied energies that are much higher than conventional structures. Theadditional embodied energy must be recaptured by successful reductions in operational energy. As buildings become more efficient or approach NZEBs, embodied energy can become more than half the total building energy over its useful life. For the evaluation of a Passive House design, embodied energy has been found to be so high that 80 years are required to recapture through reduced operational energy. Thus, to reach a useful reduction in embodied energy, a comprehensive approach is needed beyond operational energy alone. Other studies have considered a multi-criteria approach to assist with measure selection. However, none of these have used a multi-attribute utility theory approach along with operational energy, carbon or embodied energy data together.Technology measuresThe choice of the technologies to be implemented is not an easy task at the building design stage. In the light of the European energy policy framework, a wide range of technologies to increase energy savings have become available during the last decade, enabling more interactive buildings. Generally, in efficient buildings, summer heat gains and winter heat losses are minimized, passive heating and cooling techniques are available, a rational use of daylight reduces lighting, the envelope dynamically controls the heat exchange between indoors and outdoors, renewable energy production compensates energy consumption, ICT guarantees a smarter use of energy, insulation reduces thermal losses, andsystems are more efficient.The envelope can considerably reduce energy needs in a building. New insulation materials are able to decrease heat transfer. Among them, there are fibreglass, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, cellulose insulation, and rock wool able to fill or coat walls, roofs, floors and façades. Nanotechnology is enabling the creation of new nanomaterials. Cool roofs can help minimize solar absorption and maximize thermal emission reducing the incoming heat flow and the energy used for cooling, in addition to reducing heat losses. The use of natural building materials can be an effective way to reduce embodied energy and in some cases can also determine a net CO2 uptake.Windows are a key element for the building performance. They provide shelter from the outside while allowing for admission of natural light, visual continuity, and natural ventilation. Thermal energy, daylighting, and acoustical performances are some of the key considerations in the selection of windows. Double or triple glazed windows with low emissivity reduce energy consumption by more than 40%. Films and coatings can be used on existing glazing to limit solar gains. A frequent measure is the installation of external shading devices.Innovative building façades, integrating different technologies, such as ventilated façades, solar chimneys, infra-red reflective paints, humidity control foils, solar energy absorbing thermal mass for night ventilation,contribute to the overall energy performance. The usefulness of green façades and green walls is also evident to mitigate the heat island effect.Efficient mechanical and smart systems significantly contribute to the energy performance. Heat recovery can reduce energy consumption recovering hot or cold air from ventilation exhausts and supplying it to the incoming air. Chillers can be up to three times more efficient than typical air conditioners. Condensing boilers use an additional heat exchanger to extract extra heat by condensing water vapour from combustion products.Photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming ubiquitous and efficient, integrated as a building material. Biomass products are used in heating, and heat pumps (geo- and aero-thermal energy) are often used for ground-coupled and air-to-air heat exchange.Control automation and smart metering devices for interaction with utilities are rapidly developing. They allow the control of the energy demand/supply through ICT technologies, allowing field data to be gathered. Control systems include daylight, presence and motion control.The dynamic assessment of the impact of such technology measures on building energy performance is crucial, and requires the development of specific analysis and simulation techniques to select the most appropriate technologies to be implemented.Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodsMulti-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods analyse a decision process by breaking it down into different steps and assigning a relative importance to specific decision criteria. The aim is to help the decision maker to deal with specific problems, compare and rank alternatives based on an evaluation of multiple, sometimes conflicting criteria. Mathematical models are then used to weight criteria, score alternatives, and synthesize the final results to identify the best alternatives. These methods have rapidly grown in research in recent years. They can clarify conflicts and trade-offs among criteria and support the selection. The following phases can be generally distinguished:• objective identification;• criteria development;• eneration, evaluation and selection of alternatives;• implementation and monitoring.As multi-criteria analysis can be affected by several sources of uncertainty, sensitivity analysis is desirable in most cases to evaluate the robustness of the results. A wide range of elements can contribute to the variability of the outcomes. The subjectivity of judgments, the imperfect knowledge of the system under investigation, the variability of the system parameters, which depend on several conditions, are some of the uncertain elements of the analysis. Table 2synthetises and describes some common MCDM methods.In the literature, MCDM methods have been used for several applications, such as procurement related regulation and environmental impact analyses. In relation to buildings, MCDM methods have been applied with different purposes. Among them: to assist with the selection of green technologies, to support low carbon building design, to evaluate climate change mitigation policy instruments, to assess the thermal renovation of buildings, to assist with building certification, to optimise NZEB design, to compare passive and active technology options, to evaluate the energy supply chain, to improve thermal and energy performance.However, due to a lack of confidence and established best practices within MCDM methods, designers and building managers rarely refer to decision-making tools. Moreover, in relation to buildings, the decision-making process often relies only on the economic criterion, which is mainly related to the cost-benefit ratio obtained with a financial performance analysis. Therefore, there is a need to investigate how MCDM methods can effectively support the decision-making process in relation to the choice of energy-efficient technology alternatives considering more criteria in the selection. In this paper, a multi-criteria decision analysis has been developed in the framework of multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT).Building technology offers large potential to improve the energyperformances of new and existing buildings. However, the choice of the technologies to be implemented is challenging, and the selection process often rests only on a single criterion, usually the economic one. This paper proposes a multi-criteria approach relying on multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) to evaluate energy efficiency alternatives and rank them according to a set of selected criteria. The method allows a comparative assessment of alternative technology measures with the aim to improve electricity and gas savings, and reduce embodied energy and investment costs.The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method to integrate a range of information representing the impacts of design choices from multiple perspectives and to support the selection process. Our work provides a case study of energy-related decision making for a new residential building in Milan to illustrate the proposed multi-criteria analysis method. We considered technologies related to envelope, appliances and system, but the method may be applied to drive the decision process for a specific building part only, such as the envelope.A reduction of 90% in operational primary energy was achieved from the baseline to the optimized building. Including embodied energy, the reduction dropped to 55–67% in total energy over a 10-year period after construction, and 77–82% over a 30-year period. Uncertainty regarding embodied energy factors was shown to potentially reduce thisadvantage to 73–80%.The inclusion of embodied energy in the analysis is therefore crucial, as current strategies to reduce operational energy often increase substantially the amount of energy embodied into buildings, partially nullifying the benefits coming from improved thermal efficiency. Examples are metal or concrete overhangs in the South façade to reduce heat gain, extensive use of thermal insulation to reduce heat transfer through the envelope, and multi-glazed efficient windows.The MAUT method was used to rank the relative performances of the analyzed technologies. These can vary significantly depending on climate, materials, and local conditions. Although wool insulation is common in the city under investigation, the method indicates cavity wall insulation with wood construction and cellulose insulation as the most performing technology, a choice confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. This wall has a lower cost and embodied energy, and yields similar performances. In general, locally available, recyclable, and renewable technologies should be preferred while selecting the measures to be implemented at the design stage. Selected technologies for Milan show a combination of good insulation, building airtightness as well as efficient appliances, and lighting. PV is selected as the last measure to be implemented due to their high impact in terms of embodied energy, but can provide a substantial contribution to the energy balance of thebuilding and to decreasing utility bills.In future research, indicators for embodied carbon in addition to embodied energy are recommended. This is because embodied carbon may better capture the related emissions associated with the construction materials and processes being evaluated. There is rationale for this conservative approach as the embodied energy impact happens immediately upon construction. Little can be done after the energy is consumed with construction and the carbon emitted. This is contrary to the operational energy of the building which occurs over many years.The method can support stakeholders in the formulation of the problem, to investigate opportunities and limits of adopting specific technologies, as well as to facilitate the screening of unsuitable choices. A large-scale diffusion of affordable and easy to implement decision-making methods at the design stage is therefore desirable. Results can be also useful for the development of future energy policies in the light of the European Roadmap 2050 of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.中文新住宅建筑节能对环境和经济的影响：多准则选择方法摘要在设计阶段，尤其是在考虑许多不同标准时，在建筑物中选择最合适的技术通常是一个挑战。

保温英文翻译

保温英文翻译保温英文翻译保温（英文翻译：Thermal Insulation）•Thermal Insulation refers to materials or techniques that are used to reduce the transfer of heat betweenobjects such as buildings, containers, pipes, orequipment. These materials or techniques help inmaintaining a consistent temperature and preventingenergy loss.保温材料（英文翻译：Insulation Materials）•Insulation Materials are substances used to reduce heat transfer and provide thermal insulation. These materials have low thermal conductivity and are often used inbuildings, industrial settings, or transportation toconserve energy and maintain desired temperatures.保温技术（英文翻译：Insulation Techniques）•Insulation Techniques are methods or practices employed to minimize heat transfer and improve energy efficiency.These techniques can include the use of insulationmaterials, the application of coatings or films, and the implementation of proper design and constructionpractices.保温效果（英文翻译：Insulation Performance）•Insulation Performance refers to the ability of an insulation system or material to resist heat transferand maintain the desired temperature. It is oftenexpressed as thermal resistance or R-value, whichindicates the effectiveness of the insulation inreducing heat flow.例句： - The thermal insulation of the newly constructed building is excellent, resulting in significant energy savings. (这座新建筑物的保温效果非常好，从而实现了大幅节能。

中英文对照-建筑材料

Detailed description
Building materials refer to various substances and materials used in the construction process, which can be natural or artificially synthesized, with different physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, used to meet the
requirements of building design and construction.
Classification of building materials
• Summary: Building materials can be classified according to different classification standards, such as usage location, function, material, etc.
• Meaning: With the acceleration of globalization and the deepening of the the Belt and Road Initiative, exchanges and cooperation between China and the world are increasingly frequent. Mastering the Chinese and English translations of building materials can help improve the internationalization level of China's construction industry and better participate in international competition and cooperation. At the same time, it also helps to improve the technical and management level of the construction industry, promoting the sustainable development of China's construction industry.

建筑节能翻译--浅谈外墙保温技术及节能材料

文献翻译On the external wall insulation technology and energy savingmaterials[ Abstract ] as the energy conservation and protect environment requirements of the continuous improvement, building maintenance structure heat preservation technology is also increasing, especially in exterior wall insulation technology has made great progress, and become an important building energy saving technology. At present, the building is often used in external wall insulation are mainly within the insulation, insulation and other methods, according to the development of new technologies, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to really implement building energy conservation.[ Key words ] external wall insulation building materials energy-saving building Building energy saving is the implementation of the national environmental protection and energy conservation policy is the main content, it is to carry out the sustainable development of the national economy important component. The national Ministry of construction in1995 promulgated the" rules for the implementation of city building energy saving" and other documents, the" energy conservation design standard for residential buildings ' partial '" JGJ26-95as a mandatory standard, at the same time, the Ministry of construction and was released in October 1, 2000seventy-sixth called" regulation of civil building energy saving", do not conform to the standard of energy saving project, shall not approved for construction.In such a series of energy-saving policies, regulations, standards and mandatory guidance, China's energy-saving housing construction work unceasingly thorough, continuously improve the energy efficiency standards, the introduction of the development of many new energy-saving technology and materials, vigorously promote the use of residential buildings. But our country's current level of building energy conservation, but also far lower than developed countries, China's building energy consumption per unit area is still a climate similar to the developed countries 3 times to 5 times. Construction energy conservation is China's construction industry is an important task.One, external wall thermal insulation technologyEnergy saving thermal insulation wall construction technology mainly divided into exterior wall internal insulation and exterior wall insulation in two categories.1internal insulation technology and its characteristics. Within the external wall insulation construction, in the exterior wall structure with internal heat insulation layer.Thermal insulation in the construction speed is fast, convenient and flexible operation, can ensure the construction progress. Internal insulation application time is long, the technology is mature, construction technology and inspection standard is perfect. In 2001the construction of external wall insulation in about 90% of the engineering application of internal insulation technology. To be popularized in large area of internal insulation technology : reinforced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforced cement composite polystyrene insulation panels, interior wall decoration with polystyrene board plastering gypsum and wipe with particles of polystyrene insulation slurry and anti-crack mortar is pressed into the mesh approach.But the internal insulation will occupy the area of use," bridge" is not easy to solve, easy to crack, but also affects the construction speed, influence dweller decoration two, and the inner wall hanging and fixing it easy to break the internal insulation structure. Internal insulation technology of irrationality, it would be replaced by external insulation.2external insulation technology and its characteristics. External insulation is currently promoting a building energy-saving insulation technology. The outer and inner thermal insulation, reasonable technology, has its obvious advantages, the use of the same specification, the same size and insulation material, insulation than the inner heat preservation effect is good. External thermal insulation technology applies not only to new construction, also apply to the transformation of old buildings, applicable to a wide range, with high technical content; external insulation package in the main structure of the lateral, to protect the main structure, prolongs the service life of buildings; effectively reduces the thermal bridges in building construction, increase the construction of effective space; while eliminating condensation, improve the living comfort.(1) external external thermal insulation external insulation materials of rock ( ore) cotton, glass cottonMat, polystyrene foam board ( referred to as polystyrene board, EPS, XPS ), ceramisite concrete composite polystyrene insulation board, stone decorative wire mesh frame sandwich wallboard. The polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, already all over the world within the external wall insulation plug technology is widely used in. The plug-in technology is the use of adhesive mortar or special fasteners, thermal insulation material affixed hanging on the wall, then wipe the anti-cracking mortar, press glass fiber grid cloth to form a protective layer, finally combined with decorative surface. This type of external insulation installation is time-consuming, difficult construction, and the construction period to be occupied dominant, main body after the inspection to construction. In thehigh-rise construction, the safety of construction personnel is not easy to be guaranteed.(2) polystyrene plate wall of a casting moldingThe technique is in the concrete frame shear wall system the polyphenyl board built in building templates, in the gating of the wall outside, then pouring the concrete, concrete and polystyrene board in a casting molding for composite wall. The technology to solve the external insulation problems, its advantage is very obvious. Because the outer wall body with insulation layer of a survival, efficiency, significantly shortening the construction period, and the construction personnel safety assured. But when construction in winter, polystyrene board insulation effect, can reduce the peripheral wall heat preservation measures. But in the concrete to uniform, continuous casting, or because the concrete lateral pressure effect will cause the polystyrene board in Chaimo after deformation and staggered stubble, affect the order of the construction.All kinds of insulation technology and advantages1, expanded polystyrene board and thin plastering and reinforced by glass fiber approach and advantagesIt is currently in use in our country most one kind of external insulation wall, wherein the polystyrene board in the primary wall fixed in one of three ways:1) by bonding mortar fixed;2) using a mechanical fixture fixed;3) more than two kinds of fixed combination. This approach has the following advantages:1) because it is in Europe and the United States have been in use for nearly thirty years, in the United States have built high up to 44 layers, therefore. This technology already formed a system, the bonding layer, heat-insulating layer and facing layer supporting the use, more mature technical documents;2) due to the expanded polystyrene insulation materials, the price is very expensive, so that the whole system of moderate price. Convenient user acceptance;3) no complex construction technology, construction unit after a brief training, can grasp the essentials for construction, technology promotion;4) it set insulation, waterproofing and decoration function in a body, has the advantages of multiple functions;5) the whole system has good weatherability, good waterproof and water vapor permeability;6) a variety of color and texture of the surface coating for selection, and the entire system supporting the use of. At present. This approach in Beijing, Northeast China and other places has been widely applied, Beijing Yu Garden, Wolong garden, the Ministry of construction of C eight, C ten buildings transformation and many other engineering, have adopted this approach. However, due to expansion polystyrene against termites, termite in areas not available; due to the construction of environmental temperature of 4 degrees, not suitable for winter construction.In 2, the extruded polystyrene for external thermal insulation wallExtruded polystyrene is in recent years developed a new type of thermal insulation material. At present, extruded polystyrene and the tea layer wall fixed mode mainly adopts mechanical fasteners. The material has the advantages that:1) extruded polystyrene with dense surface and inner layer of the obturator structure. Its thermal conductivity is much lower than the same thickness of expanded polystyrene, therefore has a better thermal insulation properties of expanded polystyrene. In the same building, its thickness can be less than other types of insulation material;2) due to the inner layer of the [ knife hole structure. So it has good humidity resistance, in the humid environment, can keep good thermal insulation properties;3) suitable for cold insulation on the special requirements of the building, and can also be used for exterior wall facing material for brick or stone building,4) as a result of extruded polystyrene and the base wall fixing mode of soil using mechanical fastener. In winter the normal construction. At present. In Beijing, the river runs and other regions have to use this material for outer wall external thermal insulation construction, such as the Beijing New Oriental Plaza, Bank of China and other large public buildings. But the extruded polystyrene price is on the high side, thus is suitable for higher grade of the building. The construction technology and node structure needs to be further perfected.The 3single side steel mesh polystyrene board with the exterior wall external insulationThis is developed in recent years, used for cast-in-place concrete construction of external wall insulation system, a kind of liu. It has the following advantages:1) this system in the construction of. The steel mesh polystyrene board is arranged to pouring wall inside an external mold, external insulation board and the wall a survival, after stripping the insulation board and the wall be made one, thus saving manpower, time and cost of installation;2) selection of steel mesh polystyrene plate, light weight, easy construction;3) construction easy to master. Winter construction of polystyrene board as usual;4) the lateral hanging wire, finishes available tiles. At present, this system is mainly used for cast-in-place concrete, high-rise residential, its construction, installation technology has yet to be further improved.A 4 insulation paste material for exterior wall thermal insulationIn recent years, insulation paste is also beginning to be used in building outer wall heat preservation. The utility model has the advantages of:1) insulation paste adhesive layer, insulating layer and the decorative layer has formed a system, for supporting the use of;2) thermal insulation mortar for exterior wall thermal insulation, the basic wall roughness requirement is not high, easy in the shape of the basal wall construction;3) comparison of the construction process is simple, the operation easy to master;4)some insulation slurry material used in recycling of waste polystyrene granule as aggregate, energy saving, is beneficial to protect environment;5) can be used to repair the wall plastering surface cracks. At present, Beijing has many high-rise building exterior insulation with thermal paste, such as modern literature museum. However, insulation paste exterior wall external insulation node structure, construction process has yet to be further improved.Above a few kinds of external wall thermal insulation technology, due to the adoption of the materials and construction technology are different, so their applicable scope are not the same. In use. Should be according to the design of construction cost, geographic location and other factors to choose.In two, the external wall thermal insulation energy-saving materialsEnergy saving materials belonging to the thermal insulation materials. Insulation material is used for building or thermal equipment, heat transfer impedance material or material complex, including both insulation materials, including cold insulation materials. Insulation material sense, on one hand is to satisfy the architectural space or thermal equipment, thermal environment, on the other hand, in order to save energy. With the worldwide energy shortage, thermal insulation material in energy-saving aspects of the meaning is more and more important. Only the general residents of heating air conditioning, through the use of thermal insulation building materials, which can be the basis of the existing energy-saving 50% ~80%. According to the Japanese energy-saving practice proved, each using1 tons of insulating material, can save coal3 tons / year, the energy-saving efficiency is10 times the cost of production. Thus, in some countries, the thermal insulation material as following coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power after the fifth big" energy".The 1insulation material performance. Adiabatic, is to maximize heat transfer impedance, so the requirement of adiabatic material must has great thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity.From material composition, organic polymer thermal conductivity than the inorganic non-metallic material; thermal conductivity than the metallic material; gaseous material thermal conductivity less than the liquid material, the liquid material is less than solid. So when conditions permit, should try to use the organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic material, which is favorable for heat insulation.From the material structure, as the material is apparent density decreased, the porosity increases, the material inside the pores as a substantially enclosed micro hole, coefficient of heat conductivity of the material is relatively small. For foam products, to meet the requirements of thermal insulation materials and the best apparent density of 16~ 40kg / m3.2 commonly used thermal insulation materials. Can meet the performancerequirements for exterior insulation energy-saving materials are: polystyrene foam board ( EPS and XPS ), rock ( ore) cotton board, glass wool felt and super light particles of polystyrene insulation slurry etc.. All of the above materials are a common feature of the materials within a closed hole, their apparent density is small, it is also used as insulation materials required.Rock ( ore) wool and glass wool are sometimes referred to as the mineral cotton, which belongs to the field of inorganic material. Rock wool, not combustion, low price, to meet the heat insulation performance but also has a certain sound insulation effect. But the rock quality varied widely, good thermal insulation properties of low density, the tensile strength is low, poor durability.Three, conclusionAt present our country external wall thermal insulation technology development is very rapid, is the focus of energy conservation. External wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials innovation are inseparable, building energy conservation must be based on the development of new energy-saving materials as the premise, must have sufficient insulation material base. Energy saving materials development must again and external wall thermal insulation technology combined, can truly play its role. It is the result of energy saving material innovation, external wall insulation technology superiority can be taken seriously increasingly by people. So in promoting external wall insulation technology, new energy-saving materials should be developed and utilized, so as to realize building energy saving.Reference.[1] building energy research center of Tsinghua University. Annual report on China building energy efficiency2009[ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,2009: 48-57.文献翻译浅谈外墙保温技术及节能材料[摘要]随着对节约能源与保护环境的要求的不断提高,建筑维护结构的保温技术也在日益加强,尤其是外墙保温技术得到了长足的发展,并成为我国一项重要的建筑节能技术。

全程揭秘：墙面保温隔热工程施工策略英文版

全程揭秘：墙面保温隔热工程施工策略英文版Unveiling the Secrets: Construction Strategies for Wall Insulation and Thermal Insulation ProjectIn the realm of construction, wall insulation and thermal insulation play a crucial role in enhancing the energy efficiency and comfort of a building. The process involves various techniques and materials to ensure optimal results. Let's delve into the strategies that can be employed for a successful wall insulation and thermal insulation project.Understanding the BasicsBefore diving into the construction process, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the basics of wall insulation and thermal insulation. Wall insulation refers to the installation of materials that reduce heat transfer through walls, while thermal insulation involves the use of materials to prevent heat loss or gain. By combining these twoelements, a building can achieve maximum energy efficiency and comfort levels.Selecting the Right MaterialsThe first step in any wall insulation and thermal insulation project is to select the appropriate materials. There is a wide range of options available, including fiberglass, foam board, and cellulose insulation. Each material has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, so it is crucial to choose the one that best suits the specific requirements of the project.Preparing the SurfaceOnce the materials have been selected, the next step is to prepare the surface for insulation. This may involve cleaning the walls, repairing any damages, and ensuring that the surface is free from any obstructions.A well-prepared surface will ensure a smooth and effective insulation process.Installing the InsulationWith the surface prepared, it is time to install the insulation materials. This can be done using various techniques such as batt insulation, blown-in insulation, or rigid foam insulation. The choice of technique will depend on factors such as the type of material used and the specific requirements of the project.Sealing and FinishingAfter the insulation materials have been installed, it is essential to seal any gaps or cracks to prevent air leakage. This can be done using caulking or weather-stripping. Once the insulation is properly sealed, the finishing touches can be added, such as drywall or paneling, to complete the insulation process.ConclusionIn conclusion, a successful wall insulation and thermal insulation project requires careful planning and execution. By understanding thebasics, selecting the right materials, preparing the surface, installing the insulation, and sealing and finishing the project, optimal results can be achieved. With these strategies in mind, any construction project can achieve energy efficiency and comfort levels that meet the highest standards.。

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中英文资料对照外文翻译External wall insulation technology andenergy-saving materialsAbstract: This paper used on the exterior of our current technology and energy-saving insulation material to be addressed. Vigorously promoting external insulation technology, new energy-saving materials to strengthen the development and use of energy-saving construction so that really to be implemented.Key words: energy-saving building；materialsThe implementation of building energy conservation and environmental protection and energy conservation policy and the main contents of the national economy and implementing sustainable development is an important component part.In such a series of energy conservation policies, regulations, standards and mandatory provisions under the guidance of China's energy-saving housing construction work has been constantly deepened, energy conservation standards continuously, and the introduction of development, many new energy-saving technologies and materials, and in residential buildings to promote use. However, China's current level of building energy conservation, but also much lower than the developed countries, China's energy consumption per unit area construction climate is similar to the developed countries, three times tofive times. Cold in the north building heating energy consumption accounts for the local society more than 20% of energy consumption, and the vast majority are used in thermal power generation and coal-fired boilers, at the same time to cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the construction of this century, China's energy-saving construction is an important topic.In the construction of the external structure for the heat loss larger, external retaining structure in the wall and make up a large share. Therefore, the reform and building wall wall is the development of energy-saving technologies building energy-saving technology one of the most important part of the external wall insulation technology and the development of energy-saving construction materials is the main energy-saving mode.1.An external wall insulation technologyEnergy-saving insulation wall construction techniques can be divided into external walls, insulation and Exterior Insulation two categories.1.1 insulation technology and its featuresExternal wall insulation in construction, in the internal and external structure to the insulation layer. Construction of insulation fast, convenient operation flexible and can ensure the construction progress. Application of thermal insulation within a longer time, mature technology, construction techniques and testing standards are relatively sound. In 2001 the external wall insulation in construction, about 90 percent of the engineering applications, insulation technology. Been in the area to promote the insulation technology: Enhanced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforced cement composite polystyrene insulation board, the Interior paste polystyrene board clean wall plaster and polystyrene particles floor insulation Mortar and cracking slurry pressure Network Haile practice. However, the use of thermal insulation will be more occupied area, "thermal bridge" is no easy solution, making it easy to crack, but will also affect the construction speed, the second decoration of the affected residents, and the hoisting of the interior walls and fixed objects can easily damage the insulation structure. Insulation within the technical unreasonable, its decision must be replaced by the insulation. 3 string1.2, and its technical characteristics of insulationExterior Insulation is vigorously promoting the construction of a thermal insulation energy-saving technologies. Exterior Insulation compared with the thermal insulation, technical reasonable, and there are obvious advantages of using the same specifications, the same size and performance of insulation materials, exterior insulation, insulation effect than good. Exterior Insulation technology not only apply to the new structure works, but also to transform the old buildings, applicable to a wide range of high technology content; exterior insulation package in the main structure of the outer side to protect the main structure, and extend the life of buildings; effectively reduce The thermal structure of the bridge, construction of an effective increase in space at the same time eliminating condensation and improve the living comfort. Materials net Currently insulation on the external walls of relatively mature technologies include the following types.1.2.1 plug-Exterior InsulationPlug the insulation material ROCK (ORE), cotton, glass wool carpets, polystyrene foam (polystyrene board, EPS, XPS), polyphenylene Artificial Stone ceramic decorative concrete composite insulation panels, steel mesh-Sandwich such as wallboard. One for polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, in the world has been within the scope of the external wall insulation plug technology is widely used.The technology is plug mortar or adhesive is used for the fixed pieces of insulation materials will be posted, pegged to the outer walls, then the floor cracking mortar, pressed glass fiber Mesh protective layer formation, and the last to do decorative surface.A further approach is the use of a dedicated fixed-absorbent will be difficult various insulation board fixed the outer walls, and then aluminium, natural stone, stained glass, and other pre-production plug in the keel, the direct formation of decorative surface. Mr. IM Pei designed by the Bank of China head office building, the insulation is used in this design.This plug-in insulation installation time-consuming, difficult construction and construction-led occupation period, the main question can only after acceptance construction. Conducting high-level construction, the construction of the security personnel not be guaranteed.1.2.2 polystyrene board with a wall casting moldingThis technology is in the concrete frame - polystyrene board shear system will be built into the architecture template, will be pouring in the lateral wall, and then pouring concrete, concrete pouring and molding polystyrene board for a composite wall. The technology to solve the plug-in insulation of the main issues of its advantages is obvious. As the external walls of the main insulation layer with a survival, improve efficiency, greatly shorten the construction period, and the safety of construction workers be guaranteed. But in the winter construction, the role of polystyrene insulation Banqi can reduce the external envelope insulation measures. But we should pay attention to pouring concrete uniform, continuous casting, otherwise concrete lateral pressure caused the impact polystyrene board in the FORM REMOVAL after deformation and wrong stubble, impact on the construction sequence. The built-in polystyrene board which can be double-sided steel mesh, it could be a single screen of steel. Double Wire Fabric benzene plate and concrete connections, relies mainly on the medial wall and the steel mesh-banding and lateral reinforcement of concrete and polystyrene board of bonding, the combination of good performance, high security. Single Wire Fabric benzene plate and concrete connections, rely mainly on the concrete and polystyrene board and the bonding Chacha reinforced, L, such as steel and concrete wall of the anchorage, with better performance. And double steel mesh, compared to one-sided steel mesh technology with the cancellation of the inner steel mesh and installation of insulation board before the board lateral plastering, saving time and materials. Its cost can be reduced by 10 percent. However, the two approaches are used steel mesh planes, the higher cost, and the steel is hot-conductor, direct heat will be reduced wall insulation effect. We are concrete and polystyrene board with a grid molding compound wall were studied. The experimental results show that, in concrete slurry of suitable conditions, the direct use of concrete as an adhesive to paste polystyrene board, it is entirely possible. When we polystyrene board on the back of treatment, with concrete bonding further improve (the average bond strength can be achieved 0.07 Mpa, and damage occurred in polystyrene board). The technology-steel mesh canceled its performance of the insulation, and once again cut the cost of board. After its long-term durability demonstration, the project can be widely used.1.2.3 polystyrene insulation slurry particles external insulationWill be abandoned polystyrene plastic (for EPS) processing broken into the 0.5 to 4 mm particle, as a lightweight aggregate to the preparation insulation mortar. The technology includes the insulation layer, the protective layer and cracking impermeability of protection layer (or layer of impermeable surface cracking of the mortar in 1). ZL powder particles of polystyrene insulation materials and technology in 1998 by the Ministry of Construction as on the national law. This method is now widely recognized wall insulation technology. The construction technique is simple and can reduce the labor intensity, and improving work efficiency; difference in the quality of the structure from the impact of the wall on the defective construction of the wall need repair leveling, and the direct use of slurry Huabu insulation can avoid other Insulation Construction Technology for plastering leveling off Houer shedding phenomenon. At the same time the external wall insulation technology to solve the engineering harsh conditions resulting from the use of easy interface debonding hollowing, surface cracking, and other problems easier to achieve Exterior Insulation an important breakthrough technology. Insulation and other things, compared to the same insulating effect of the circumstances, its lower cost, lower housing construction costs. For example, with polystyrene insulation boards, compared to per square metre can reduce about 25 yuan. Fraunhofer-new home in Tianjin high-level external insulation is used in the works of such technology.Energy-saving insulation materials are adiabatic materials. Insulation material is used for building envelope or thermal equipment, heat transfer impedance of the material or composite materials, including insulation materials, including insulation materials. The significance of thermal insulation material, on the one hand to meet the architectural space or thermal equipment thermal environment, on the other hand in order to save energy. With worldwide energy growing tensions in the energy-saving aspects of thermal insulation material on the significance of significant outstanding. Residents generally only heating air conditioning, insulation enclosure through the use of material that can be on the basis of the existing energy-saving 50% to 80%. According to Japan's Energy Conservation Practice has proved that the use of 1 ton per insulation materials, can save three tons of standard coal / year, the energy efficiency of the cost of production is 10 times. Therefore, somecountries insulation material as is the coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy after the fifth-largest "energy."Insulation on the external wall insulation is insulation materials as building envelope, development and application of highly efficient insulation thermal insulation material is to ensure that building an effective energy-saving measures. At present the world's least developed countries, are on the insulation material production and application very seriously, and energy-saving construction work is done well, and they attach importance to the development of insulation materials and are inseparable.2.1 insulation material propertiesAdiabatic is to maximize the thermal impedance of the transmission and therefore asked the insulation material must be large and small thermal resistance of the thermal conductivity.Speaking from the composition of materials, organic polymer generally are smaller than the thermal conductivity inorganic materials; non-metallic thermal conductivity coefficient is less than metallic materials; gaseous substances is less than the thermal conductivity of liquid material, liquid than solid material. Therefore, in conditions permitting, should make full use of organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic materials, which is beneficial for the insulation insulation.In addition, insulation insulation materials must also be able to resist the impact of load, the environment is consistent with the use of mechanical strength. Its better performance bond, still a small contraction rate and the environment in line with the durability. 9 string3 SummaryAt present, China's external wall insulation technology developed very quickly, and energy conservation is the focus of the work. External wall insulation technology with the development of innovative energy-saving materials are inextricably linked, building energy efficiency must be the development of new energy-saving materials for the premise, there must be sufficient insulation insulation materials as a foundation. Energy-saving materials and the development of the external wall insulation must be technology, we can really play its role. It is precisely because of the energy-saving materials innovation, and the superiority of external insulation technology was increasing people's attention. Therefore, in theexternal wall insulation technology to promote the same time, we must step up the development of new energy-saving materials and the use and thus truly achieve energy-saving construction.References1. Huxiaoyuan, Xu Lin. Building insulation materials of the present situation and prospects of the application. Insulation materials and energy-saving technologies, 2002, (6): 2-42. Liu Hongtao, etc.. Insulation on the external walls of several common forms and materials. Building Technology and Application, 2001, (1): 39 to 403. Guo Ying. External walls, insulation, energy-saving technology in residential construction in the role of construction technology development, 2002, (2): 46 to 48外墙保温及节能材料摘要本文就当前我国常用的外墙保温技术及节能材料加以论述。