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高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解议论文》高考真题汇总2023年高考真题Passage 1【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories2023年名校模拟题Passage 1（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their decision-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But cheap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think carefully about what you are buying, too.1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?A．It ignored marketing strategies.B．It priced itself relatively high.C．It lacked a particularly good taste.D．It focused on delight and pleasure. 2．What can be inferred about meaning seekers?A．They frequent high-end stores.B．They think products extend their lives. C．They hesitate to make decisions.D．They make more purchases with money. 3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?A．By giving some examples.B．By listing numbers and data.C．By explaining reasons.D．By making some comparisons.4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．Innovation: a Product’s Life B．To Buy or not to BuyC．Meaning seekers or Quality-pursuers D．Fast Fashion: a Hit to Your WalletPassage 2（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that group’s function in productivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in their psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation for retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderly’s attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with their families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who function independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.5．What counts for the elderly in agricultural societies?A．Their status of respectability.B．Their value in productivity.C．Their rich knowledge in education.D．Their extraordinary ability to work. 6．What can we learn about the elderly’s retirement from Paragraph 3?A．It has faded the elderly worries.B．It means the end of productive ability.C．It is considered beneficial in all distances.D．It influences the elderly psychologically and financially.7．What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Planning.B．Changing.C．Extending.D．Canceling.8．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A personal journal.B．A science research.C．A social issue review.D．A community brochure.Passage 3（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）Some experts have been concerned lately about robots leaving humans behind, taking our jobs and possibly a lot more, as in sci-fi films. Christ of Koch, a famous neuroscientist (神经学家), has suggested a novel method. To keep up with the machines, we should increase our brainpower with brain implants (植人物).Koch notes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed or people unable to move control computers and robots, and they are being explored for the treatment of mental disorders. Future implants could help us download huge amounts of information instantly, he says, so we can learn “novel skills and facts without even trying”. “Another exciting aspect,” Koch says, “is combining two or more brains into a single conscious mind by direct neuron-to-neuron links.” Koch calls for a “crash program” in brain technologies to make us smarter.But Koch ignores the obvious facts that bad persons can hack (侵入) into our smartphones and laptops. What if hackers could attack our brains? They may be able to spy on, change or control the memories of people implanted with brain devices. What’s more, we are nowhere close to being able to strengthen the brain in the manner that Koch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neuro-technologies for mental illness for more than half a century, and they have little to show for it.Koch genuinely feared that science, far from addressing our problems, might exacerbate them. The use of robots in the workshop, for example, could cause mass unemployment. Do we just count the immediate job losses—without measuring any other potential positive effect on the economy? Despite losing some jobs to robots in the short term, the increase in productivity will help our overall economy grow faster, which, in turn, will create more, higher quality jobs than we had before.The future is not as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve got serious problems on our hands, and we have a lot of work to do to settle them. Brain implants are not the answer.9．What leads to Koch’s optimism about future brain implants?A．The great advance in AI research.B．Their application in medical fields.C．The breakthrough in surgical techniques.D．Their easy adaptation to the human body.10．How does the author feel about Koch’s “crash program” in brain technologies?A．Disapproving.B．Unconcerned.C．Favorable.D．Excited. 11．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Avoid.B．Worsen.C．Reduce.D．Answer. 12．What’s the best title for the text?A．Are Brain Implants at Risk of Hacker Attack?B．Will Robots Take the Place of Humans in Future?C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Normally?D．Do We Need Brain Implants to Keep Up with Robots?Passage 4（2023·山西·校联考模拟预测）What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage （人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory（虚幻的）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.13．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.14．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?A．By making comparisons.B．By analyzing causes.C．By giving examples.D．By telling stories.15．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.16．What is the text mainly about?A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.D．Depression and happiness are equally important.Passage 5（2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）One of the oldest metaphors (隐喻) for human interaction with technology is the relationship of master and slave. Aristotle imagined that technology could replace slavery if machine became automated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses of laborers are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine,” they wrote in the Communist Manifesto.Today, computers often play both roles. Nicholas Carr, in his new book The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, takes a stand on whether such technology imprisons or liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility of our high-tech traps gives us the ‘image of freedom’. He describes doctors who rely so much on decision-assistance software that they overlook signals that are not obvious from patients.All of this has obvious implications for the use of technology in classrooms: When do technologies free students to think about more interesting and complex questions, and when do they destroy the very cognitive (认知) capacities that they are meant to improve? The effect of spell check and AutoCorrect software is an example. Psychologists have found the act of forming a word in your mind strengthens your capacity to remember it. When a computer automatically corrects a spelling mistake, we’re no longer forced to form the correct spelling in our minds.This might not seem very important. The process of word formation is not just supplementing spelling skills, it’s also destroying students. When students find themselves without automated spelling assistance, they don’t face the prospect of freezing to death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctioned, but they’re more likely to make errors. This creates a vicious cycle: The more we use the technology, the more we need to use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, our position as masters of technology starts to seem more insecure.17．What did Marx and Engels think of the machine?A．It did the boring daily work for people.B．It failed to free people from being enslaved.C．It gave people more time to enjoy themselves.D．It was the result of the development of technology.18．Which of the following is Nicholas Carr most likely to agree with?A．Technology is a guarantee of freedom.B．Doctors should stay away from technology.C．Too much involvement with technology may be risky.D．Some decision-assistance software needs improving.19．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph4 refer to?A．Students being unable to spell words correctly.B．Spell check helping students remember more words.C．Students depending too much on spelling software.D．Spellcheck destroying students’ cognitive capacities.20．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Is technology making people stupid or not?B．Which areas are most affected by technology?C．Are people satisfied with the advancement of technology?D．Why shouldn’t technology be employed in the classroom?Passage 6（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology.“What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. I Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies thatapplied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.21．How does the author like about the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul? A．Unexceptional.B．Boring.C．Refreshing.D．Old-fashioned.22．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?A．Innovation is important for the growth of economy.B．The public has misread the meaning of innovation.C．The true meaning of innovation is to buy new things.D．Truly innovative ideas shouldn’t be simple and effective.23．What does the writer agree with about innovation?A．Wasting resources are a must for innovation.B．Magic devices encourage innovation.C．Innovation should be human-centered.D．The power of technology is undervalued.24．What is the writing purpose of the text?A．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.B．To show that future lies in returning to the past.C．To introduce some best ideas about innovation.D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.Passage 7（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）A measure in the House’s $ 2 trillion economic bill would require states to cut greenhouse gas emissions (排放) promising rewards for transportation departments that post reductions and “consequences” for those that don’t.Peter A．DeFazio, chairman of the Transportation Committee, said the proposal is designed to push states to act. “We’re going to give them very large motivation to actually make those meaningful targets and deliver on those targets,” he said. According to the proposal, states that cut emissions could get a $ 1 billion pot of money and potentially receive other bonus funding fromthe federal government. The bill doesn’t spell out potential consequences for not reducing emissions, leaving the decision to national transportation officials. Experts say they could include barriers to accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).Much of the attention on cutting emissions from the transport industry-the nation’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases-has focused on the adoption of electric vehicles by putting money in charging factories and supporting battery-powered cars. The new measure sides with environmental advocates who argue the nation can’t battle a changing climate without changing how Americans move around. Environmentalists say the nation’s changing to electric vehicles probably won’t happen quickly enough to limit temperature rises unless Americans can be convinced to drive less, and that would mean building new networks focused on walking, cycling and transit (运输).Opposition to the emission measure is deep-seated. The heads of five western state transportation departments wrote a letter to Capitol’s committee last month saying the proposal would harm rural areas because options such as heavy-traffic pricing are not well-suited to places which are populated in few people, and it doesn’t make sense to target those state agencies when there are multiple reasons that influence emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and local decisions about where to build stores and homes.Kevin DeGood, a transportation researcher, said basic construction shape how people can get around. “It is funny that the state transportation departments suggest in the letter that they do not deeply influence greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry,” he said.25．How does the government provide motivation?A．By praising.B．By punishing.C．By financing.D．By restricting.26．What is an intended result of the bill?A．Greatly changed climate.B．More convenient stores.C．Stable fuel economy standards.D．Eco-friendly transport system.27．Why did some states mention heavy-traffic pricing?A．To oppose the emission measure.B．To introduce solutions to emission.C．To call for attention to rural areas.D．To list several reasons for emission. 28．What’s Kevin’s attitude towards the letter in paragraph 4?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Shocked.D．Confident.Passage 8（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）Thanks to in-depth reporting by The Wall Street Journal, we now know that Facebook has long been aware its product Instagram has harmful effects on the mental health of many adolescent users. Young girls, in particular, struggle withtheir body image thanks to a constant stream of photos and videos showing beautiful bodies that users don’t think they can attain.While the information the journal covered is essential and instructive, it does not tell the whole story. Deep down, this is not an Instagram problem; it’s a people problem. Understanding that distinction can make the difference between a failed attempt to contain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying problem leading to mental distress caused by Instagram.Critics were quick to shame Facebook for sitting on the data and not releasing it to researchers or academics who asked for it. Others criticize the social media giant for not using the research to create a safer experience for its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.While I’m reluctant to defend Facebook, I’m not sure it’s reasonable to blame the company for refusing to give data that would hurt its business. Have you ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure you it wasn’t a healthy endeavor. You were inactive, likely did nothing productive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t go outside for fresh air. It is an objectively harmful use of time to stare at a TV or laptop for a full weekend. Should we respond by shaming Netflix for not alerting us to how damaging an addictive product can be?While it’s reasonable to say Instagram makes esteem issues worse, it is almost impossible to believe it causes them in the first place. You create your own experiences on social media. For the most part, you choose which accounts to follow and engage. If you’re already vulnerable to insecurities and self-sabotage (自损) — as many teens are — you will find accounts to obsess over. And this isn’t a new phenomenon.Before social media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, movies or television shows depicting difficult-to-attain bodies, there has been a relatively steady chorus of experts noting the damage new media could cause young viewers.Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — one that’s independent of social media use. Instagram merely enhances those feelings because it provides infinitely more access to triggers than older forms of media. It’s more worthwhile to address those underlying factors rather than to attack Facebook.29．What does the author think of the criticisms against Instagram?A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.B．They are not directed at the fundamental problem.C．They are only based on the data released by Facebook.D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.30．Why is Netflix mentioned?A．To defend why Facebook is to blame.B．To show Netflix does more harm to teens.C．To suggest the critics’ remarks are not to the point.D．To compare the criticisms against it and Facebook.31．Why is the Instagram problem essentially a “people problem”?A．People have a tendency to feel insecure online.B．People are keen on making up their self-profile.C．It is human nature to get addicted to social media.D．Users decide on their experiences on social media.32．What is the passage mainly about?A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebook.B．The harmful impact of Instagram on teenagers.C．The alarming online habits of teenagers worldwide.D．The root of mental sufferings caused by Instagram.Passage 9（2023·广东韶关·统考二模）Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain path. From kindergarten all the way to marriage, every stage of our lives seems to be preset. Although this works well for many people, according to British motivational philosopher Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech Before You Feel Pressure went viral on the Internet across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the path” and have the courage to follow our hearts. Shetty adds that, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in a race with our peers or judge our lives based on others. Everything in life happens according to our time, our clocks.In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowling got her famous Harry Potter series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 and US actor Morgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years old.We shouldn’t let anyone rush us. As Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that’s counted truly counts. ”The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and embrace our own passions. In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book, she recorded the regrets of her dying patients, and the top one on the list was, “I wish l had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there’s no perfect fit for all. We should listen to our inner voices and unlearn what the world has taught us.“It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told National Geographic. “It’s disconnecting from what ‘makes sense’ to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally.”33．What is many people’s life path like according to Paragraph 1?。

高考语文议论文阅读题及答案

高考语文议论文阅读题及答案高考议论文阅读1：国学的焦灼①中华民族的强国梦，已经断断续续做了一百六十多年。

到了国力日益强盛的今天，每个人都在迫切地期待着民族的复兴。

各种宣传广告上“传统文化与现代科技的完美结合”一类不学无术的说词，就是当今“民族复兴”一词被肤浅理解的注脚。

而一个渴望复兴的古老的民族面对现实和外来的焦灼心态，也日趋明显。

从1840年至今，我们每个人所能创造出的文化资源，必然受到西方外来文化以及1840年以后本土新思潮二者的影响。

按一些激进国学家的安排，纯然依照孔孟之道来认识社会、解决问题，已经不可能。

而一旦接受了外来与新生，又害怕失去本民族的特色，成为了没有文化主体性的精神殖民地。

一个有着过于灿烂光辉历史的民族，在面对现实的困窘时的确没有日本、韩国那样容易放得下。

现在特定语境当中的“国学”观念与理论，所折射出的就是这样一种焦灼。

②此故，在“国学热”当中，有种论调颇有代表性：“我们天天在要求现代化，现代化不就是西化吗?把整个的思想按西方的观点来大卸八块，中华文化不但没有复兴，反而越发地死得快……整个20世纪的中国知识分子，在不知不觉中受到了西洋的影响，没有能真正掌握中华文化的灵魂。

”③以上的观点说白了，就是将“从西方传入”当成了本质上的“西方”，与中华文化不可调和的“西方”，而忽视了一些社会基础性价值的普适性，也忽视了文化的包容性和交流。

世界上最大的、最有活力的水域不是娃哈哈公司的纯净水储存池，而是有污泥、有毒菌、有浊浪，时时刻刻被海洋生物代谢物污染着的大海。

一个文明得以保存和发展的动力不是一种精神洁癖，那种洁癖只能说明一个文明已经虚弱到了免疫机能低下的地步。

而在相当数目的国学家眼里，西方传来的文化与思想就只能起到破坏和摧毁中华文明的作用。

这其间折射出的对自我民族的不自信，也是颇值得玩味的。

④而事实证明，1840年以来，本土新创造的文化都已经不再是，也不可能是“纯粹”的中华传统，但其中却不乏优秀杰出的成果，以至于20世纪的二三十年代，无论是在文学成就还是思想成就上，都创造了令今人难以企及的高峰。

辽宁高考议论文阅读习题及答案

辽宁高考议论文阅读习题及答案①人类和世界的文明化，意味着不同文化之间更多是一种和平的交流而不是冲突的交流。

因此，在有关文化多样性的讨论中，不应把尊重和维护多样性当作讨论的结束，而应当视之为文化讨论的起点。

②一种文化首先应发现并张扬自己的优点和特殊价值。

一种文化只有在有了比较和鉴别，能够发现并辨识自己的美时，其存在才是有意义的。

③中国文化源远流长，但因此也养成了妄自尊大、坐井观天的文化观。

进入近代以来，中国在遭遇西方的挑战时一败再败，不得已而形成一种“文化失败”的观念，以至有“五四”新文化运动的自我揭发和自我批判。

有学者认为，只有通过“五四”新文化运动的揭发和批判，中国文化的“美”才真正呈现出来。

新文化运动对中国传统文化的批判不但没有割断儒家，而且还是儒家新发展的前提条件。

对儒家思想的发展来说，“五四”批判也是积极的、必要的，而在此基础上形成的自我意识也才是清醒的，才可能真正发现中国文化特别是儒家思想的真价值。

④在文明社会中生活这一事实本身就意味着对其他文化的承认。

贺麟在1947年说：“我们从一开始，认识西洋文化的方法就错了。

……直到最近十年来，才渐渐地有一种觉悟，觉得西洋文明，不仅是物质文明，而在物质文明的背后，有很深的精神文明的基础。

”综合地看，西方的物质文明、精神文明都有值得中国欣赏学习之处，这里不存在非此即彼的单向选择。

只有全面认识西方文化，认真反省中国文化，才能对西方之“美”有一个全面的认识。

⑤不同文化之间没有对其他文化的认识和欣赏，没有自觉的交流和交融，对其他文化的承认也可能是被动的、消极的。

但若因此而以为可以通过各种不同文化的相互欣赏来消除文化冲突，显然是不清醒的。

就一种文化而言，可以发现一脉相承的发展过程;就不同文化而言，可以发现人类精神创造的共同法则。

“共性”或普遍性不是存在于各个文化之外、之上的另一种文化，而是体现、蕴含在各个文化之中的为全人类所实践并能共同接受的文化价值、意义、形式和风格。

高中议论文阅读题及答案

高中议论文阅读题及答案①就美的本质说，自然美是美学的难题。

各派不是认为自然无美，美只是人类主观意识加上去的，便是认为自然美在其本身的自然条件，与人类无关。

对这个问题，我当年提出了“美的客观性与社会性相统一”亦即“自然的人化”说。

②但“自然的人化”说却一直遭到误解和反对。

它常常被人们从字面含义上肤浅地理解为被人力开发了的自然对象。

其实，“自然的人化”可以分狭义和广义两种含义。

通过劳动、技术去改造自然事物，这是狭义的自然人化。

而我所说的，是广义的概念。

天空、大海、沙漠、荒山野林，没有经人去改造，但也是“自然的人化”。

因为“自然的人化”指的是人类征服自然的历史尺度，指的是整个社会发展达到一定阶段，人和自然的关系发生了根本改变。

③“自然的人化”不能仅仅从狭义上去理解。

人所培植的花草等，也确乎是美的，但社会越发展，人们便越要也越能欣赏暴风骤雨、沙漠、荒凉的风景等等没有改造的自然，越要也越能欣赏像昆明石林这样似乎是杂乱无章的奇特美景，这些东西对人有害或为敌的内容已消失，而愈以其感性形式吸引着人们。

人在欣赏这些表面上似乎与人抗争的感性自然形式中，得到一种高昂的美感愉快。

所以应该站在一种广阔的历史视野上理解“自然的人化”。

此外，还有人经常把“自然的人化’解释为比拟性的，将自然对象赋予人的想象、情感、意会，如把松、竹、梅比作人的清风亮节，将自然对象作为人格的理想等等。

这是康德讲的“道德的象征”。

这样理解“自然的人化”只能是种借用。

④社会美有历史尺度问题，自然美亦然。

那么，这种人与自然关系的改变的历史尺度，又如何理解和计算呢?这个广义的“自然的人化”大体从何时开始的呢?⑤首先要指出，狭义的“自然的人化”是广义的“自然的人化”的基础，是使人与自然界发生关系改变的根本原因。

原始人为什么不能欣赏山水花鸟，就是因为当时狭义的自然人化水平即生产力水平，使他跟自然的关系不存在那广义的自然的人化。

在狩猎的时代或狩猎的原始民族中，大概只有某些种类的动物成为人类活动和意识的对象，其他的自然事物不是与人无关，便是与人敌对。

高中议论文考试题及答案

高中议论文考试题及答案一、试题部分1. 请以“科技与人文”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

要求观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

2. 阅读下面的材料，根据材料内容，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

题目自拟。

材料：在现代社会，人们越来越依赖于科技产品，如智能手机、电脑等。

有人认为，这使得人与人之间的交流变得疏远，但也有人认为，科技的发展促进了人们的沟通。

3. 请以“环境保护与经济发展”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

要求论点清晰，论据有力，论证严密。

二、答案部分1. 答案示例：正文：随着科技的飞速发展，人类社会进入了一个新的时代。

科技与人文，看似两个截然不同的领域，实则在现代社会中相互依存，共同发展。

本文将探讨科技与人文如何实现和谐共生。

首先，科技的发展为人文领域提供了新的表达方式。

例如，数字艺术、虚拟现实等技术的出现，使得艺术家能够创作出前所未有的作品，丰富了人们的文化生活。

其次，科技的进步也促进了人文学科的研究。

通过大数据分析、人工智能等技术，学者们能够更深入地挖掘历史资料，理解人类文明的发展脉络。

然而，科技的快速发展也带来了一些挑战。

过度依赖科技产品可能导致人们忽视面对面的交流，从而影响人际关系的建立和维护。

因此，我们需要在科技与人文之间找到平衡点。

一方面，要充分利用科技的优势，推动人文学科的发展；另一方面，也要注重培养人们的人文素养，使科技更好地服务于人类社会。

结论：科技与人文并不是对立的，而是可以相互促进、共同发展的。

我们应该积极拥抱科技，同时也要重视人文教育，实现科技与人文的和谐共生。

2. 答案示例：标题：科技与人际交流的双刃剑正文：科技产品，如智能手机和电脑，已经成为现代社会不可或缺的一部分。

它们在很大程度上改变了人们的交流方式，既有积极的一面，也有消极的影响。

从积极的角度来看，科技产品极大地提高了沟通的效率。

人们可以通过即时通讯软件、社交媒体等平台，随时随地与他人保持联系，分享信息和情感。

高考阅读体裁篇之议论文 (真题+各地名校试题)--备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

专题五：高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向3 议论文Passage 1 （2021·全国·高考真题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the stud y found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.C．They're objective. D．They're strict.2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A．They think themselves smart.B．They look up to great thinkers.C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3．Why are more geniuses known to the public?A．Improved global communication.B．Less discrimination against women.C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.D．Changes in people's social positions.4．What is the best title for the text?A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many FormsC．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and LuckPassage 2 （2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模）In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psycholo gist B．F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失败), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children inearly adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must fo llow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “learning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成绩落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.5．According to the passage, education technology can ________.A．decrease teachers’ working loadB．facilitate personalized learningC．help standardize curriculumsD．be loved by schoolchildren6．Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?A．The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.B．Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.C．Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.D．Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.7．The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.A．at the service of teachingB．limited in use among pupilsC．aimed at narrowing the wealth gapD．in line with students’ learning styles8．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To stress the importance of edtech.B．To introduce the application of edtech.C．To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.D．To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.Passage 3 （2021·浙江·台州市书生中学模拟预测）“When I think of England, I think of the queen taking her dogs for walk in the countryside,” says Carsten Haferkamp, a dog-owning German working in London. Data from Tractive, a firm that provides GPS tracking for pets, show that Britons walk their dogs more than their European neighbors do.The British love for dog-walking may have more to do with the walking than the dogs. Britons are big walkers –they came fifth in the world in a study in 2017, the highest in Europe. Dogs provide walkers with company and a purpose, so it may be that walking encourages dog-ownership.But Julien Dugnoille, an expert at Exeter University, suspects dog-walking has a deeper significance. Dogs, he suggests, are a useful aid to a socially awkward nation. “Britons tend to have a chat with strangers and exchange a few jokes and comments about the weather without putting themselves in danger.”A tradition among the British nobles of owning and training dogs also leads Dr Dugnoille to assume thatdog-walking is a way to keep ancient honor. “When people in the park say Max is very well-behaved,” says Dr Dugnoille, “that is a way to show their authority in the art of dog training compared to those dog owners who are not in control of their own dog.”But it’s not just about showing off, in his view. He believes walking with one’s best friend creates a time and space where dogs and humans meet as species and connect as individuals.Still, Britons should not congratulate themselves too much on their behavior towards their dog companions. According to Dr Carri Westgarth of Liverpool University, “People say that a dog needs a walk every day, but they will find re asons why their dog doesn’t need a walk. They’ll say: he’s got company indoors, he’s nervous or he doesn’t like the rain.”9．The queen is mentioned in paragraph 1 to show _______.A．the queen’s love for dogs B．a foreigner’s impression of EnglandC．the British devotion to walking dogs D．the importance of dog-walking for Europeans10．What does Dr Dugnoille most probably agree with?A．Britons see dogs as protectors from danger.B．Dog-walking is related to the British traditional culture.C．Britons prefer to walk rather than walk the dog.D．Dog-walking is a close link between the British and nature.11．Dr Westgarth’s comment on the British dog-walking suggests that_______.A．Britons are proud of dog-walking B．dogs are a good companion for BritonsC．he is doubtful of the British love for dogs D．weather is a popular topic among Britons12．What would be the best title for the text?A．Love Your Dog, Walk Your Dog B．How Do Britons Walk Their Dogs?C．Opinions on Dog-Walking in Britain D．Why Do Britons Love to Walk Dogs?Passage 4 （2021·上海普陀·一模）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.13．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role modelC．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses 14．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.15．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the USC．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office16．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianPassage 5 （2021·重庆巴蜀中学二模）While the arts can' t stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(解决）). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller’s Ode to joy（欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today’ s competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future. 17．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses?A．It brings people inner peace.B．It contributes to problem-solving.C．It reduces the possibility of crises.D．It deepens understanding of music.18．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9?A．It celebrates freedom and unity.B．It aims to show crises and chaos.C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.19．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces?A．Leaving things as they are.B．Making a choice between them.C．Separating them from each other.D．Engaging them in a conversation.20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．How COVID-19 changes artB．Essentials of Symphony No. 9C．Moving artfully through crisesD．Joy in the eyes of BeethovenPassage 6 （2021·辽宁·大连二十四中一模）Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.21．The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.A．describing a process. B．presenting differences.C．analyzing causes. D．showing similarities.22．The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.A．health. B．recovery.C．range. D．survival.23．What's the function of paragraph 3?A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Why the Environment Is So Important?B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?C．How People Should Protect the Environment?D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?Passage 7 （2021·江苏·盐城中学模拟预测）On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day,40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more ofEarth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider be tter ways to live like shifting fromfossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking. 25．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A．To increase efficiency.B．To cut workers’ salaries.C．To end conflicts with workers.D．To create more job opportunities.26．What happened in the workforce after World War II?A．The oldest male had to work longer.B．Technology let people work more flexibly.C．Job positions were created due to technology.D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.27．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Companies shouldn’t pro duce more than people can use.B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.28．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A．Companies would be closed down.B．Economic growth would be stopped.C．Economic systems would break down.D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.Passage 8 （2021·广东·汕头市潮阳实验学校一模）A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the "what-I-can- do environmentalism”But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But several days ago, the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard "Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don't take matters in their own hands," says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors complain.North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do. But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods. They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can" even afford dryers, housing prices will fall.Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change. As they say, "The clothesline is beautiful Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged. We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.29．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because .A．clothes dryers can save money B．clothes dryers are energy-savingC．clothesline drying reduces home value D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US30．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?A．He is a warm-hearted man. B．He is an impolite neighbor.C．He is an inexperienced gardener. D．He is a man of social responsibility.31．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying?A．Housing businesses. B．Environmentalists.C．Homeowners Associations. D．Reck's dissatisfied neighbors.32．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Opposing Opinions on Clothesline Drying B．A Way to Save Energy and MoneyC．Different Varieties of Clotheslines D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered.Passage 9 （2021·湖南·长郡中学模拟预测）Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking num ber for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Prop osition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practice s in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve thecity’s existing problems.33．The intention of Proposition F is to ________.A．place time limits in local election. B．set limits on short-term rental.C．strike down a controversial rule. D．urge users to vote against Airbnb.34．What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?A．It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.B．Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.C．It makes the house market more competitive.D．It indirectly leads to high house rental price.35．The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.A．explosion of the living cost B．its geographic characteristicsC．generosity of local enterprises D．inflow of migrant population36．The a uthor’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.A．objective B．supportiveC．negative D．indifferentPassage 10 （2021·湖北·巴东一中一模）Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are heavily affected by technology. We are the “antisocial club”, t hose who prefer to text our friends in the same room rather than make eye contact with them. And even though never-ending studies reveal to us the extent of our social media addiction, we should at least consider that it’s not only our young people’s probl em any more.There’s the rise of the Instagram mums, who like to post an abundance of cute baby pictures, share their mom feelings along the way and show their wonderful lifestyles. They are the so-called “Facebook mum generation”, a growing group of parents that like to overshare.While all of this might be fine, and even a little humorous, new research suggests that parents’ technology addiction is negatively affecting their children’s behavior. According to the study, 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have admitted having some sort of phone addiction. This has led to a significant fall in verbal interactions within families and even a decline in mothers’ encouraging their children.。

高考议论文阅读题练习及答案

高考议论文阅读题练习及答案高考议论文阅读题练习原文大多数环境学论著认为，人类大量排放二氧化碳等温室气体，导致全球气温上升，而全球变暖将使地球两极的冰川融化，海平面上升，进而给人类的生存造成威胁。

但是，荷兰学者克罗宁博格所著的《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》一书中的观点，似乎可以让人稍稍缓解一下在气候变暖问题上的紧张感。

作者的基本观点是：当下发生的所有气候变化，从地球的立场出发，都是“正常运作”。

大自然的变化类似于四季交替，只不过是它的时间尺度要长得多。

根据作者的描述，大自然的“春天”是在一万年以前开始的，那时，天气已开始转暖，曾经覆盖了当今人类广泛活动区域的冰层逐渐在阳光下融化，海平面上升，而人类祖先的生活方式则开始从渔猎转向定居农业。

到现在，人类已经处于“夏季”，因此我们没有必要担心气温上升可能会带来的危害”。

“夏季”终将过去，这也是自然规律，只不过是要再等待一段漫长的时间，“秋季”才会来临。

那时海平面将会下降，而今天人们因为气温上升所引发的讨论也将随之结束。

克罗宁博格面对当前全球气候变暖的趋势，以及由此造成的极端天气频繁、荒漠化加重、物种灭绝加速等情况，之所以显得十分淡定，在于他看待这一问题时使用了与众不同的时间尺度。

通常人们只考虑几十年或几百年的事情，并且一直在用这种人类的尺度去衡量大自然，结果每个人都为现在的气候最大值紧张不已。

其实，这在克罗宁博格看来只不过是大自然循环中出现的“一丝波纹而已”。

如果我们超越现阶段人类思考问题的尺度，观察一个漫长的周期，情形也许就不会那么令人沮丧了——那就是一万年的时间尺度，为什么要一万年的时间尺度?因为人类现在所处的地质时代开始于一万年以前;地质学的知识也告诉我们，类似于我们现在所处的温暖期一般不会超过一万年;大约一万年前爆发的火山目前都处在活动期等等。

与地质学应用的时间尺度相比，人类的尺度就不那么适用了。

这也难怪他要嘲讽因为气候变暖、海平面上升而变得异常焦虑的人民，“为什么要大张旗鼓地围着小周期内出现的现象团团转”?《人类尺度：一万年后的地球》这本书的观点有助于提升人类面对气候变暖、海平面上升所带来的挑战的勇气，正像作者所说的那样：穿着熊皮、拿着石斧的石器时代的人类尚且知道如何在冰期生存下来，我们难道无法运用现代高科技去解决海平面上升一米带来的后果吗?当然，与此同时我们也应该意识到，即使人类的活动对于全球气候变暖的作用微不足道，我们也不能从此以后就不加节制地去排放温室气候，大量地消耗资源和排放二氧化碳已经严重破坏了自然生态和人类的生存环境，所以克罗宁博格也表示，“我们应该节约能源”以保护有限的资源。

议论文阅读练习题

议论文阅读练习题一、阅读理解阅读下面的文章，回答后面的问题。

在现代社会，科技的飞速发展给人们的生活带来了极大的便利。

然而，随之而来的是对个人隐私的担忧。

本文旨在探讨科技与个人隐私之间的关系，并提出相应的解决策略。

文章首先指出，科技的进步使得信息收集变得更加容易，但同时也增加了个人信息泄露的风险。

例如，智能手机的普及让个人位置信息变得易于追踪，社交媒体平台的兴起则让人们的日常生活细节暴露在公众视野之中。

接着，文章分析了个人隐私泄露可能带来的后果，包括身份盗窃、诈骗等犯罪行为，以及对个人名誉和心理健康的潜在影响。

文章进一步讨论了保护个人隐私的重要性。

保护隐私不仅是维护个人权益的需要，也是社会文明进步的体现。

为此，文章提出了几点建议：首先，加强法律法规建设，明确个人信息的收集、存储和使用规则；其次，提高公众的隐私保护意识，教育人们在使用科技产品时注意保护自己的隐私；最后，科技企业应承担起社会责任，通过技术手段保护用户的隐私安全。

1. 根据文章，科技对个人隐私的影响主要体现在哪些方面？2. 文章提到了哪些个人隐私泄露可能带来的后果？3. 文章提出了哪些保护个人隐私的建议？4. 你认为在科技不断发展的今天，我们应该如何平衡科技便利与个人隐私保护？二、论点分析阅读以下论点，并分析其合理性。

论点一：随着科技的发展，人们对于个人隐私的保护意识越来越强，因此，科技与个人隐私之间的关系并不像人们想象的那么紧张。

论点二：科技企业在追求利润的同时，往往忽视了用户隐私的保护，这是导致个人隐私泄露的主要原因。

论点三：个人隐私保护是一个社会问题，单靠个人的努力是不够的，需要全社会的共同努力。

5. 请分析论点一的合理性，并给出支持或反驳的理由。

6. 论点二是否正确？请结合实际情况进行分析。

7. 论点三提出了一个解决方案，你认为这个方案是否可行？为什么？三、写作练习根据以下题目，写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

题目：在数字化时代，我们如何更好地保护个人隐私？要求：- 明确提出你的观点。

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)

议论文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Underwater travel is difficult and dangerous, but many people have to stay deep under the ocean. Thus, humans have come up with a few designs of vehicles to move around under the ocean. But what if there was a better way to travel?Hilary Bart-Smith, an engineer at the University of Virginia, thinks a vehicle that travels like a manta ray (魔鬼鱼) would be able to operate for long periods at sea. Manta rays which can grow up to 29 feet long are among the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Different from animals and people pushing against water, manta rays swim by moving through the water with wing-like movements of their fins (鳍) . Efficiency means using less energy to move farther.Bart-Smith and other engineers at the University of Virginia had to find out what manta rays looked like on the inside to better understand how they move. They took X-rays to find out how a manta ray's fins are built. They found that a web of cartilage (软骨) stretches across each fin.Once the engineers knew how a manta ray's fin was constructed, they could build one of their own. They made a long row of metal struts with many hinges to imitate the manta ray's web of cartilage. The engineers put their design inside a flexible cover, shaped like a manta ray's fin. Then they tested it in the university swimming pool. They were happy to see that it swam just like a manta ray in the ocean.Engineers and scientists are still learning and experimenting with how to imitate these amazing animals. For now, engineers study their movements and learn from the most efficient swimmers in the ocean. Perhaps someday engineers will be able to build manta ray robots that are big enough to transport people.1．How do manta rays swim?A.By moving like birds.B.By swimming like humans.C.By swimming like other fishes.D.By pushing against water like animals. 2．What can we learn from the second and third paragraphs?A.Manta rays look like travel vehicles.B.Manta rays are the fastest swimmers.C.Manta rays can grow at least 29 feet long.D.Manta rays'fins consist of a web of cartilage.3．Why do the engineers study manta rays?A.To learn about their habits.B.To control manta ray robots.C.To protect marine creatures.D.To design undersea vehicles.4．What's the author's attitude towards the research?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.People tend to pay less attention to tasks when working alongside a robot, according to research that found evidence of "social loafing", where team members work less hard if they think others will cover for them.Researchers at the Technical University of Berlin said people come to see robots as part of their team. Where they think a colleague or the technology performs particularly well, or where they think their own contribution would not be appreciated, people tend to take a more laid-back approach."Teamwork is a mixed blessing, "said Dietlind Helene Cymek (DHC) , the first author of the study. "Working together can motivate people to perform well but it can also lead to a loss of motivation because the individual contribution is not as visible. We were interested in whether we could also find such motivational effects when the team partner is a robot."The team tested their hypothesis by asking a group of workers to check the quality of a series of tasks. The workers were all asked to carry out checks for errors on circuit boards (电路板) . Half of them were told the tasks were also performed by a robot. While they did not work directly with the robot, named Panda, those people had seen it and were able to hear it operating.Their activity was monitored by the researchers, who blurred out the images of the boards the workers received, only showing them an image they could check once they actively opened it.Initially, they said they found no statistical difference in the time the two groups-those who were told they were working with a robot and those who were not-spent inspecting the circuit boards, or in the area they searched for errors.However, when the researchers investigated the participants' error rates, they found those knowing Panda's presence were catching fewer defects after they had seen the robot had successfully flagged many errors. They said this could reflect a "looking but not seeing" effect, where people engage less once they feel a colleague or resource is reliable.While participants who were asked to rate their own performance thought they werepaying an equivalent amount of attention, the researchers felt that subconsciously they had begun to assume Panda had picked up defects well.5．Why do people pay less attention to tasks when working with a robot?A.They see the robot as their colleague.B.They think the robot can cover all tasks.C.They believe their performance will be appreciated.D.They feel unvalued about their personal contribution.6．What does DHC mean by saying "Teamwork is a mixed blessing"?A.Teamwork is of great help for workers.B.Teamwork can improve work efficiency.C.Teamwork involves different kinds of weaknesses.D.Teamwork has both advantages and disadvantages.7．What did the workers need to do during the researchers' test?A.They need to blur out the images of the circuit boards.B.They need to check errors on circuit boards with robotsC.They need to see and hear how the robots were operating.D.They need to monitor the robots to check the quality of circuit boards.8．Which of the following can best describe the procedure of the study?A.Group→Instruct→Monitor→RateB.Question→Detect→Demonstrate→CollectC.Monitor→Group→Investigate→RateD.Monitor→Investigate→Reflect→InstructInterspecies was once a technical term used in science to describe how one species got along with another. Now it is a word of more consequence: it arouses the new connections between humans and non-humans that are being made possible by technology. In Ways of Being, James Bridle, a British artist and technology writer, explores what this means for understanding the non-human intelligence on Earth.Mr Bridle makes it clear that three kinds of minds are now interacting: humans, non-humans and machines. Using artificial intelligence (AI), machines in the future will have the capability to interpose(使介入) themselves as translators between humans and other biological life forms.It is true that profit is the main motive for advances in AI; as yet nature does not get muchof a look-in, and non-human intelligence goes unexplored outside zoology departments. Computing is as focused on humans as ever, even as climate change and biodiversity-loss suggest it should devote much greater attention to other species.The first step towards an interspecies future, Mr Bridle argues, is showing more appreciation for other forms of intelligence. To some extent, this is already happening. For example, through films and other initiatives many people now know that octopuses(章鱼) have advanced and strange intelligence. The next step, Mr Bridle declares, is recognizing that people live in a "more-than-human" world. Other forms of intelligence have developed from a common evolutionary base, and they overlap(重叠) in ways that science is just beginning to discover.Ways of Being would have benefited from sharper editing. Yet, in making clear the patience, imagination and humility required to better know and protect other forms of intelligence on Earth, he has made an admirable contribution to the dawning of the interspecies age. 9．Which of the following best illustrates the term "interspecies"?A.A wolf hunts a rabbit.B.A robot does housework.C.A lady walks her dog.D.A boy records a video for squirrels.10．What does AI lay emphasis on nowadays?A.Biodiversity.B.Other species.C.Humans.D.Climate change. 11．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The characteristics of species evolution.B.Expectations for the future development of AI.C.Suggestions on future exploration of interspecies.D. The importance of appreciation for other forms of intelligence.12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to Ways of Being?A.Skeptical.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.Steam trains paved the way for modern-day transportation, but just how much do you know about them?The roots of steam trains can be traced back to the 18th century when the Scottish engineer James Watt improved steam engine technology. Watt’s improvements significantly enhanced the efficiency of steam engines. This breakthrough paved the way for the application of steam power in various industries, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. As the 19th century started, George Stephenson used the power of steam to power locomotives (火车头), telling the age of steam-powered transportation.Steam trains played a vital role in transforming the world into a connected network of nations. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States in 1869 marked a historic moment, as steam locomotives linked the East and West coasts, reducing travel time and expanding economic, opportunities.Similarly, the Orient Express in Europe became a symbol of luxury and international travel, carrying passengers from Paris to Istanbul in a quick way. The rhythmic sound of wheels on rails echoed (回响) through diverse landscapes, from the dry deserts of Australia to the snowy expanses of Siberia, as steam trains formed paths of connectivity across continents. During times of war, the role of steam trains extended to soldier transportation.While steam trains led the railway landscape for over a century, the mid-20th century witnessed the arrival of electric and diesel locomotives, claiming greater efficiency and lower operational costs, and signaling a transformative shift.As steam trains were not mainstream transportation, enthusiasts worldwide have preserved and restored steam locomotives, ensuring that these classic engine s continue to attract new generations with their nostalgic (怀旧的) charm, and that their stories continue to be told for ages to come.For Heritage railways, they dedicate to the restoration and operation of classic steam locomotives. From the Bluebell Railway in England to the Strasburg Rail Road in the United States, these living museums allow modern-day travelers to experience the magic of steam travel. Riding the polished carriages and hearing the distinctive whistle, visitors experience a sensory voyage, connecting with a time when steam trains were the heartbeat of progress and adventure.13．What marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?A. Rapid expansion of railways.B. Advance of steam locomotives.C. Great efficiency of transportation.D. The use of steam power in industries.14．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Add more facts to the role of steam trains.C. Share a historic moment.D. Introduce the Orient Express.15．How do Heritage railways react to the decline of steam trains?A. They welcome the arrival of electric engines.B. They insist on using steam trains.C. They offer a journey back in time.D. They prefer to improve steam engines.16．Where is the text probably taken from?A. A travel guide.B. A book review.C. A history paper.D. A newspaper report.Ancient builders across the world created structures that are still standing today, thousands of years later. Roman builders built thick concrete sea barriers against waves. Mayan builders created great sculptures, and Chinese builders constructed walls against foreign enemies.A growing number of scientists have been studying materials since a long time ago. They are breaking apart pieces of buildings and reading historical texts hoping to learn how they have stood for thousands of years. The research has turned up a surprising list of materials that were mixed into old buildings. They include tree bark, volcanic ash, rice and beer. These unexpected materials can have the ability to get stronger over time. Figuring out how to copy these features can have real impacts today. While some of our modern concrete has the strength to hold up very tall buildings and heavy structures, it cannot compete with the durability of these ancient materials.Many scientists have turned to the Romans. Starting around 200 BC, the Roman Empire was building concrete structures that have stood the test of time. Even in places where seawater has been hitting structures for ages, you will find concrete basically the way it was when it was poured 2,000 years ago. They think they have found an important reason why some Roman concrete has held up structures for thousands of years. That the ancient materials have an unusual power to restore themselves and “cure” cracks (裂缝) when they form is the most shocking for them. Exactly how is not yet clear, but scientists are starting to find the reasons.Today’s builders cannot just copy the ancient processes. Even though Roman concrete lasted a long time, it couldn’t hold up heavy buildings. Instead, researchers are trying to take some of th e ancient materials and add them into modern mixes. People don’t need to make things last quite as long as the Romans did. If we add 50 or 100 years to concrete’s lifespan, we’ll surely require less pulling down, less maintenance and less material in the l ong run. 17．What were the mentioned Roman and Chinese buildings both used for?A. Travel.B. Defence.C. Soldier training.D. Seawater control.18．Which word can best describe the ancient buildings?A. Long-lasting.B. Energy-efficient.C. Delicate.D. Flexible.19．What surprises the scientists most about the ancient building materials?A. Their large cracks.B. Their clear concrete.C. Their internal structures.D. Their self-repairing ability.20．What is the author’s attitude to the future concrete?A. Tolerant.B. Expectant.C. Suspicious.D. Indifferent.O'Brien and Samantha Kassirer from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University conducted two experiments to determine the levels of people's happiness when they gave away money or when they spent it on themselves.The first experiment involved 96 college students receiving $5 every day for five days. They had to spend the money on the same thing each day. Researchers randomly asked the participants to either spend the money on themselves or give it to someone else, like through a tip or an online donation to a charity. The participants ended each day by reflecting on their spending experience and their overall level of happiness. Regardless of how they spent the money, everyone started off with roughly the same level of self-reported happiness. Those who spent the money on themselves, however, experienced a decline in happiness over the five-day period. The people who gave the money to someone else maintained their happiness levels.The second experiment conducted online, involved 502 people playing 10 rounds of a word puzzle game. When the players won in a round, they received 5 cents. The participants could either keep the 5 cents or donate it to a charity. After each round, people rated the level of happiness they felt after winning a round. As with the first study, those who gave away the money reported a longer stretch of happiness than those who kept the money for themselves. As for why people who used the money for themselves aren't happy for so long, the researchers explain that focusing on an outcome—like getting paid—can diminish the experience. When people focus on an action—like giving to charity—they concentrate more on the act itself as a joyful event, explaining why happiness stays more consistent among those who spend the money on others. "If you want to sustain happiness over time, our new research shows that repeated giving, even in the same way to the same people, may make you continue to feel much fresher and more enjoyable," O'Brien said.So the next time you think about spending money on yourself, maybe give it to someone in need instead. Your happiness will thank you.21．What is the finding of the experiments?A.People get more happiness when giving money to others.B.Those who give money to others like to do it online.C.Your level of happiness can be influenced by many factors.D.Those who win rewards are willing to give money to a charity.22．According to O'Brien, what is the secret of maintaining happiness?A.Saving enough money.B.Trying something new.C.Keeping on giving.D.Balancing rest and work.23．Which of the following shows the correct structure of the whole text?A. B. C. D.24．What is the best title for the text?A.Money isn't the key to happinessB.It is better to give than to receiveC.Happiness depends upon ourselvesD.People spend their money differently参考答案1．答案：A解析：细节理解题。

湖北高考议论文阅读练习题附答案

湖北高考议论文阅读练习题原文艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问題，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。

过去，通常只是从艺术家的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经驗的结晶过程.作品完成就意味着创作完成.而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结. 它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或现众、听众的再创作.由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义.也就是说，接受者也是艺术劍作的主体之一。

艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢?接受美学的创始人.德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白，“空缺” “否定”三个要素.所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充;所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白.接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来.整合成一个有机的田像系统;所谓“否定'指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判，由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作，正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象。

接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的，海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解.理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能走丈本与前理解”的统一.这样，文本与接受訧呈现出一种相互作用的关系：一方面文本在相当度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向，让理解朝它的本义靠拢;另一方面，文本不可能将接受者完全制约住.规范住，接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品，于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造.从某种意义上说，理解就是误读，创造也是试读，不要希望所有的接受者都持同样的理解.也不要希望所有的理解都与艺术家的本旨一致.那样并不意味着艺术作品的成功。

青海高考议论文强化阅读题及答案

青海高考议论文强化阅读原文说到意境，我以为，意境是现实生活重压下可以让人们的心灵暂时得到抚慰的一剂良药。

人们旅游，或寄情于山水，或暂驻风雪，或赏花问月，为的就是要远离人际关系如葛藤一般纠缠在一起的现实生活。

董其昌的山水特别高远清澹，一笔一笔安详宁静，这种意境，说是他心上笔下的追求，还不如说他对于动荡不安动辄便可罹祸的官场生涯紧张心情的互补。

以董其昌那样的身份，以他那样的身份派生出的那样的心情，不难理解他为什么追求这样宁静的意境，是有意要与现实生活拉开距离，既是一种休息又是一种抚慰!这就是艺术的真正妙谛所在。

有唐一代，安史之乱那一段，草木厌兵民不聊生，倒出现了许多意境优美的田园诗，为什么会这样?那几乎是民众们的集体向往，是诗人对民众的一种大抚慰!而在盛唐时期，歌舞升平，“小邑犹藏万斛金”，却产生了以建功立业思想为基础的边塞诗，边塞诗的苦寒意境是人们所不乐意经历的，但因为它与人们当时的现实生活拉开了距离，既变成了一种审美，又被人们乐于称道!艺术的妙谛就是要与生活拉开距离，如果生活是什么样艺术便是什么样，那我们还要艺术做什么?意境是理想化了的，是人类精神的休息场所。

国画的意境之美，是画面给人们提供更多联想的可能，是由此即彼。

艺术必须要由此即彼，如果艺术不能完成这一个飞越便不是艺术，只不过是说明文，或是——看图说字。

文学中的意境之美也如此，文字要在读者的脑海里变成海市蜃楼般的画面，如《简爱》，你似乎都能感觉到主人公生活的环境，感觉到那种阴冷和潮气。

说到营造国画的意境，不是画家自己在那里营造，画家只不过提供了某种可能，只是通过笔墨对看官们的生活经验做了指点和引导，然后由看官去营造，意境是仁者见仁、智者见智的事。

意境的标准不会随时代产生多大的变化，尤其是中国画。

石涛说“笔墨当随时代”，这只是某些人的事，就国画时言，你也可以笔墨不必随时代，你可以死死固守传统，固守本身便是一种美，是一种精神!中国画技法形成于农耕时代，你要它随时代发展，现在是什么时代?工业时代好像都已经是过去的事，你来画宇宙飞船或手机电脑不是不可以，但也同样需有意境。

2025届高考英语专项复习阅读理解议论文 2020-2024高考真题专练(原卷版+解析版)

阅读理解议论文考点1 人与自我型议论文【2021新课标I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and othersinterested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligenceA. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligenceA. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligenceA. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【答案】322-35 DBAB【导读】本文是一篇议论文。

高中议论文阅读试题及答案

高中议论文阅读试题及答案阅读下面的议论文，完成1-5题。

议论文阅读材料：在当今社会，随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面。

从智能手机到智能家居，从自动驾驶到智能医疗，人工智能在提高人们生活质量的同时，也引发了人们对于未来的担忧。

有人认为，人工智能的发展将会取代人类的工作，导致失业率上升；也有人认为，人工智能将会创造新的就业机会，促进社会进步。

本文将就人工智能对未来社会的影响进行探讨。

首先，人工智能的发展确实会对某些行业的就业产生影响。

例如，一些重复性高、技术含量低的工作，如流水线工人、收银员等，可能会被自动化设备所取代。

然而，这并不意味着人工智能会完全取代人类。

相反，随着人工智能技术的发展，许多新的职业将会应运而生。

例如，人工智能的维护、开发和应用需要大量的专业人才，这将为社会创造新的就业机会。

其次，人工智能的发展将推动社会进步。

通过人工智能，我们可以更高效地处理数据，优化决策过程，提高生产效率。

此外，人工智能还可以帮助我们解决一些传统方法难以解决的问题，如疾病诊断、环境保护等。

这些都将极大地提高我们的生活质量。

最后，我们应该正确看待人工智能。

虽然人工智能可能会带来一些挑战，但它们也是我们社会发展的机遇。

我们应该积极拥抱人工智能，通过教育和培训，提高人们的技能，以适应未来的社会需求。

1. 根据文章，人工智能的发展对就业的影响是什么？A. 人工智能将完全取代人类的工作。

B. 人工智能将导致失业率上升。

C. 人工智能将创造新的就业机会。

D. 人工智能对就业没有影响。

2. 文章中提到人工智能将如何推动社会进步？A. 通过提高生产效率。

B. 通过解决传统方法难以解决的问题。

C. 通过创造新的职业。

D. 所有上述选项。

3. 文章对于人工智能的态度是什么？A. 积极拥抱。

B. 担忧。

C. 拒绝。

D. 中立。

4. 文章中提到的人工智能可能取代的工作类型有哪些？A. 流水线工人。

B. 收银员。

【高三】高三议论文阅读试题及参考答案

【高三】高三议论文阅读试题及参考答案高三议论文阅读问答《发生认识论原理（节选）》① 我们相信认知的发展心理学是必不可少的，我们的信念进一步得到了以下事实的支持：所有科学，包括高度发达的科学，都以不断发展为特征。

例如，在物理学中，最安全的理论往往会被其他理论所取代，而这些理论只部分包含了前者。

即使是最精确的实验结果也经常被修正，以使它们更接近真理。

虽然在逻辑和数学范围内被接受的理论并没有被后来的理论所否定，但这些理论可能会被置于新的或更广泛的相互关系中，从而使它们的意义发生变化或变得更丰富；关于它们的争论也可以达到一个新的严格程度。

简而言之，任何一门科学都是不完美的，而且往往处于建构过程中。

因此，很明显，认识论的分析迟早会不可避免地获得历史或历史批判的高度和广度；科学史是哲学理解科学不可或缺的工具。

问题是历史是否包含史前史。

然而，关于史前人类概念形成的文献完全缺乏，因为尽管我们对史前人类的技术水平有一些了解，但对于史前人类的认知功能，我们没有足够的补充信息。

因此，摆在我们面前的唯一出路就是向生物学家学习。

他们向胚胎发生学寻求建议，以补充他们对民族发生学的贫乏知识。

在心理学中，这意味着研究每个年龄段儿童心理的个体发生情况。

②其次，即使人们把自己局限于所谓本来意义上的历史，但历史与心理发生还是会有某些有时并不是不重要的联系的。

例如，象库恩那样一个有远见的科学史家就谈到了我们的研究工作，甚至还写了下面这样的话：“我之所以能想出对早已死去的学者们提问的方法，部分地要归功于我研究过皮亚杰对活着的儿童提问的方法”。

③ 第三，我们想解释，虽然研究认识论的哲学家往往忽视心理问题，但我们主要关注的是与对自己科学的认识论感兴趣的科学家建立联系。

事实上，现代数学和物理学最有价值的认识论是由数学家和物理学家自己提出的。

启发我们的是，许多研究这些科学认识论的学者对心理问题感兴趣。

除了物理学家在哥本哈根发表的两篇关于概率和因果关系的论文外，还有四篇关于纯粹因果关系的论文，报告了因果关系等概念的心理学发展：我们看到物理学家和心理学家之间的讨论与我们的遗传认识论年度会议相同。

高考语文议论文阅读题

高考语文议论文阅读题高考议论文阅读1：中国风的魅力①在当代流行歌曲的发展过程中，古代文学常常扮演着“救生员”的角色。

2000年周杰伦推出他的第一张专辑《Jay》，从此开始了他的“天王”的历程。

《Jay》在2000年的出现具有标志性的意义，这张专辑的十首歌曲融合了古今中外不同的风格和文学意象，其中由方文山作词的一首《娘子》开创了21世纪初期流行歌曲的复古风，古典文学意味的歌词和Rap、RB、New Hip-Hop等西方新曲风神奇融合，改变了以往现当代流行歌曲在利用传统资源时尽量使音乐符合歌词风格的惯例。

藉由歌词和音乐之间的反差，营造特殊的欣赏体验，取得了意想不到的艺术效果。

②除了词曲的反差之外，此类歌词制造新奇效果的另一“秘笈”在于歌词文本制造大量的词性活用、句式倒装、非常规词语搭配等语法现象。

(甲)从“春风又绿江南岸”到“让高速的车阵，把城市的庄严挤垮吧”，这些语法现象在古今诗词创作中普遍存在，但运用密度如此之大却并不多见，它们的存在颠覆了受众原有的阅读习惯，形成了新鲜的感觉。

③所谓“一花独放不是春”，继周杰伦之后，陶喆、王力宏、林俊杰、胡彦斌、后弦、南拳妈妈等纷纷效仿，形成了当代流行歌坛一股新的时尚潮流——“中国风”。

歌坛你行我效，大量作品集中涌入市场，一时蔚为大观，甚至呈现泛滥之势。

(乙)作品质量参差是不可回避的现实，写作后劲不足与创新性的缺乏是中国风歌曲面临的最大挑战。

④在论及21世纪流行歌坛的中国风现象时，许多论者将其归结为演唱者或创作者“民族自豪感”、“民族认同感”的增强;中央电视台4次邀请周杰伦参加春节联欢晚会，且一律采用中国风曲目同样基于这样一种认识。

但也有学者指出当下词人对传统资源的偏好一般来自于自身的兴趣爱好或商业嗅觉，即便经过认真学习，如若不是长期研究浸染，终究免不了一种形式化的隔阂感。

反映在作品中，便是传统元素的表面化、符号化、零碎化和意义扁平化的倾向。

(丙)。

即便是中国风歌词的代表人物方文山，其作品工整、精致、华丽，却也常常现出粉饰气。

24年3道高考真题议论文(带解析)

24年新课标II卷一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

材料一：土星5号火箭升空了！它一点一点上升，庞大的身躯稳健有力。

阿姆斯特朗、柯林斯和奥尔德林被巨大的推力紧紧摁在座位上。

火箭在他们身下持续上升，各级火箭按照预定程序点火，第一级火箭、逃逸塔、第二级火箭一一分离。

绕地球轨道飞行一周后，宇航员检查了火箭和飞船状况。

第三级火箭再次点火，把飞船推向更远的高空。

当地球被甩到身后，就是船箭分离的时候：第三级火箭前端打开，哥伦比亚号从顶端弹出。

鹰号（登月舱）在火箭顶端继续待命，这艘小飞船外形奇特，像一只蜷缩着的蜘蛛。

哥伦比亚号的驾驶员柯林斯，让飞船慢慢转身。

“哥伦比亚”与“鹰”对接成功。

宇航员告别土星5号的最后一级火箭，乘坐合成一体的两艘小飞船继续飞行。

终于抵达月球上空。

阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林驾驶鹰号离开，向着月球越飞越近。

柯林斯驾驶着哥伦比亚号孤独地环绕月球飞行。

此时此刻，那些远在地球上的人，不管是朋友还是陌生人，都时刻关注着、期待着……预定着陆区在哪儿？宇航员们全力搜寻。

但是意外忽然发生：当他们发现着陆区，鹰号已经飞过了头！数英里一闪而过，舷窗外的月球变得崎岖不平。

家园远在万里之外，更无法奢望什么援手。

此时此刻，他们能做的，只有保持镇定，平稳驾驶，继续飞行。

看到了，就在不远处，那里平整而干净！鹰号慢慢减速、缓缓下降。

登月舱越来越低、越来越低……直到平稳落地！此时此刻，在遥远的地球，人们鸦雀无声、屏息聆听。

一个声音从遥远的太空传来，那是阿姆斯特朗从月球发出的声音：“这里是静海基地，‘鹰’着陆成功。

”他异常平静，地球上的人们却爆发出欢呼的声音。

随后，阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林沿着舷梯爬下登月舱。

陌生、寂静、壮丽的月球从此有了生命。

（摘编自布莱恩·弗洛卡《登月》，袁玮译）材料二：今年6月，联合国外层空间事务办公室举行会议，中国科学家介绍了“嫦娥四号”探月任务，表示将于2018年底前将中继卫星发射至月球背面上空一个引力稳定的位置，即地-月L2点，这颗中继卫星将执行为期三年的任务。

议论文阅读高考题汇编的打印版(含答案)

2010-2021高考北京卷CD篇议论文阅读汇编目录1. 2021 北京卷D篇 (2)2. 2020北京卷D篇 (4)3. 2019北京卷C篇 (6)4. 2018 北京卷D篇 (7)5. 2017 北京卷D篇 (9)6. 2016北京卷D篇 (11)7. 2015北京卷D篇 (13)8. 2014北京卷C篇 (15)9. 2013 北京卷C篇 (17)10. 2012北京卷D篇 (18)11. 2011北京卷C篇 (20)12. 2011北京卷D篇 (21)13. 2010北京卷D篇 (22)参考答案 (23)1.关注文章开头结尾段落，抓住主题和作者观点。

2.关注每段中心句，把握作者论述的方法和依据。

3.抓住文中的连接词，明确作者论述的重点。

4.明确代词的指代，抓住文章发展的脉络。

5.破解长难句，达到真正理解原文的意思。

1. 2021 北京卷D篇2. 2020北京卷D篇Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to crea te “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important a nd widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent m achine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction —Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognizably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?A. Enormous in quantity.B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality.D. Present everywhere.43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A. Help to tackle problems.B. Make brains more active.C. Benefit ambitious people.D. Set up powerful databases.44. As for I rving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.A. supportiveB. disapprovingC. fearfulD. uncertain45What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be only a dream.B. It will come into being soon.C. It will be controlled by humans.The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，it's too little，too late. By the time these “solutions"（解决方案）become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RoboeallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.A. help deal with transportation-related problemsB. provide better services to customersC. cause damage to our environmentD. make some people lose jobs48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A. Safety.B. Side effects.C. Affordability.D. Management.49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Employed.B. Replaced.C. Shared.D. Reduced.50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.5. 2017 北京卷D篇Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine i s the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be ableto .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.6. 2016北京卷D篇Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community (群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.67．What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving.C．Supportive. D．Neutral.68．The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means _____.A．change B．choiceC．text D．extension69．According to the author, what role should college play?A．To develop a shared identity among students.B．To define and regulate students’ social behavior.C．To provide a safe world without tension for students.D．To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.70．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A．B．C．D．I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion7. 2015北京卷D篇Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys(调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context(背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents---today’s grandparents---would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.( )67. The surveys inform us of __________.A. the development of technologyB. the changes of adult children’s behaviorC. the parents’ over-protection of their college childrenD. the means and expenses of students’ communication( )68. The writer believes that __________.A. parents today are more protective than those in the pastB. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantagesC. technology explains greater involvement with their childrenD. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence( )69. What is the best title for the passage?A. Technology or Attitude.B. Dependence or Independence.C. Family Influences or Social Changes.D. College Management or Communication Advancement.( )70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion8. 2014北京卷C篇Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input (输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having dessert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.63．The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _____.A．it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB．it is focused too much on the resultC．it is dependent on too many thingsD．it is based on actionable decisions64．In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because _____.A．they obeyed all the general rulesB．they paid more attention to examsC．they were motivated by their classmatesD．they were rewarded for reading some books65．According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A．“I’ll give up dessert.”B．“I’ll study harder.”C．“I’ll cut down my expenses.”D．“I’ll spend more time with my family.”66．The writer strongly believes that we should _____.A．develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB．be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC．pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD．set ambitious goals that can balance the input and outputDoes Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their f ans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The a nswer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.63. It can be learned from the passage that stars today________.A. are often misunderstood by the publicB. can no longer have their privacy protectedC. spend too much on their public appearanceD. care little about how they have come into fame64. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.65. What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A. Availability of modern media.B. Inadequate social recognition.C. Lack of favorable chances.D. Huge population of fans.66. What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?A. Sincere.B. Skeptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, th ese ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. John Sauven holds that_____.A. many people value nature too muchB. exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulC. wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesD. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?A. Objective.B. Disapproving.C. Sceptical.D. Optimistic.70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?。

议论文阅读练习题及讲解高中

议论文阅读练习题及讲解高中题目一：阅读以下议论文段落，回答问题。

段落：在当今社会，随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能正逐渐成为我们生活的一部分。

然而，对于人工智能的依赖是否过度，这引发了广泛的讨论。

一些人认为，人工智能的广泛应用可以提高生产效率，减轻人类的劳动负担；而另一些人则担忧，过度依赖人工智能可能会导致人类技能的退化。

问题：1. 根据段落，人工智能在社会中的作用是什么？2. 人们对人工智能依赖的态度有哪些分歧？答案解析：1. 人工智能在社会中的作用主要体现在提高生产效率和减轻人类的劳动负担。

段落中提到“人工智能的广泛应用可以提高生产效率，减轻人类的劳动负担”，这表明人工智能被看作是一种提升工作效率和减轻人们工作负担的工具。

2. 人们对人工智能依赖的态度分歧主要在于：一方面，有人支持人工智能的应用，认为它可以带来便利和效率；另一方面，有人担忧过度依赖人工智能可能会造成人类技能的退化。

这种分歧体现了人们对于科技进步与人类自身发展之间关系的复杂看法。

题目二：阅读以下议论文段落，回答问题。

段落：环保已经成为全球性的议题，各国政府和民间组织都在积极采取措施以减少环境污染。

然而，环保措施的实施并非没有争议。

一些人认为，严格的环保法规会限制经济发展，影响企业的盈利能力；而另一些人则认为，环境保护是长远之计，对经济的短期影响是必要的牺牲。

问题：1. 环保议题在全球范围内受到怎样的关注？2. 对于环保措施实施的争议主要体现在哪些方面？答案解析：1. 环保议题在全球范围内受到高度关注，各国政府和民间组织都在采取措施以减少环境污染。

这表明环保已经成为一个全球性的议题，需要国际社会的共同努力。

2. 对于环保措施实施的争议主要体现在经济发展与环境保护之间的权衡。

一方面，有人担心严格的环保法规会限制经济发展，影响企业的盈利能力；另一方面，有人认为环境保护是长远之计，对经济的短期影响是必要的牺牲。

这种争议反映了不同利益相关者在环境保护与经济发展之间的不同立场和考量。

广东高考议论文阅读专练题及答案

①情是诗之魂。

感受于外，情动于中。

先有感，后有情，情不是飞来的。

感受是被动的受，情动是主动的动。

由感而情，由情而诗，这个程序我们都得遵守。

②为什么说感受是被动的受?人活在世界上，由不得他自己。

万事万物，每日每时，乱纷纷都到他的眼前来，一一逼入他的感官，叫他回避不了，不受也得受，难受也得受，所以说是被动的受。

为什么说情动是主动的动?感受既多，叠累在心，人非草木，哪能无情。

情是有的，看你怎样处置。

熄下去了，就不会有诗了;燃起来了，就可能有诗了。

或燃或熄，主动在你。

如果那一缕情是合理的，是健康的，那就让它燃起来，“去以自己的火点燃旁人的火”(何其芳《生活是多么广阔》)。

③动情在先，下笔在后，这当然是再好不过的了。

郭沫若年轻时求学日本，雄姿英发，写了((地球，我的母亲》，开启一代豪风。

那天上午，他在福冈图书馆看书，诗兴忽来，激动得很，难以静坐攻读。

他走出图书馆，到馆后僻静的石子路上去，脱掉木屐，跣脚乱走若狂，乃至“率性倒在路上睡着，真想亲切地和地球母亲亲昵。

去感触她的皮肤，受她的拥抱”。

晚辈庸才如我者，从来没有雄姿英发过，更不会在下笔以前动情如此。

偶有一二幸获献丑之作，都是在下笔以后才逐渐动情的。

对一般初学者，要求他们动情在先，下笔在后，那是苦人所难。

真能做到先有感受，下笔以后逐渐动情，就很不错了。

④为了使自己动情于笔下，在写作过程中，首先必须排除周围环境诸种干扰，对眼前与主题无关的事事物物，一概视而不见，听而不闻，以求视听寂然，如入无人之境。

视听寂然之后，你就从现实的人境跃入笔下的诗境。

设想你要写的那些场景事物一一复活，一丘一水都能用灵眼看见，一笑一啼都能用灵耳听见。

让模糊了的清晰起来，清晰得可触可感，纵然你写的是朦胧诗。

在笔下忘却现实，在诗境忘却人境。

写初恋就得忘却鬓边的白发，写黑夜就得忘却窗外的阳光。

此时最怕的是邻居吵架和小儿哭叫，或你的贤妻叫你去捅蜂窝煤。

写作过程就是醒着做梦，梦被打断，使人心烦意乱，怪不自在，甚至难以重温。