宁波大学211翻译硕士英语2020年考研专业课真题试卷
宁波大学外国语学院2020年硕士初试自命题科目德汉互译真题
1.Das Bundeskabinett hat am 24. und 25. Mai 2016 die "Meseberger Erklärung zur Integration" beschlossen und in diesem Rahmen den Nationalen Integrationspreis ins Leben gerufen.
Ein hoher finsterer Hof war da. Neben dem Müllkasten stand er. Und plötzlich sang er schallend los, sang die Wände an. Den Hut nahm er vom Kopf wie ein Leierkastenmann. Von den Wänden kam der Ton wieder. Das war gut. Seine Stimme erfüllte seine Ohren. Er sang mit so lauter Stimme, wie er im Gefängnis nie hätte singen dürfen. Und was er sang, daß es von den Wänden widertönte? »Es braust ein Ruf wie Donnerhall.« Kriegerisch fest und markig. Und dann: »Juvivallerallera« mitten aus einem Lied. Es beachtete ihn keiner. Der Jude nahm ihn am Tor in Empfang: »Ihr habt schön gesungen. Ihr habt wirklich schön gesungen. Ihr könntet Gold mit einer Stimme verdienen, wie Ihr habt.«(455 Wörter)
宁波大学211翻译硕士英语2019(B卷)考研专业课真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20 for Section A, and 10 for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.Andrew wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____because her own department is understaffed.A.turned downB. turned overC. turned awayD. turnedoff2.Helen’s been neglecting her homework lately. I’ll _____ with her parents about it.A.have wordsB. have a wordC. have the wordD. have the lastword3.______ more societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management.A.Given thatB. ProvidedC. UnlessD. While4.Psychologists maintain that the nature of human beings entails a strong need to _____their free time; idleness can be as stressful as activity.A.endangerB. preserveC. consumeD. organize5._____ age twenty, Robert Kelly left KCRA, Inc. to enroll _____ the University ofCalifornia at Davis.A. at; atB. at; inC. upon; inD. on; at6.We had the unmeasured _____ of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us.A. threatenB. misfortuneC. flinchD. menace7.I _____ the Head Master’s permission to alter darker to sterner. “Not less we praise insterner days.”A. have obtainedB. acquireC. had possessedD. contained8.AIDS is said __________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the pastfew years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语9.Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. The underlinedword means ________.A. exhaustingB. dullC. annoyingD. bored10.Uncle Bubba was tough, kind, funny, and scary all _________ one, which was just whatDan and I needed.A. mix intoB. merged intoC. fixed intoD. rolled into11.In fact, as he approached his beloved daughter, he only barely resisted the________ to stroke her pretty soft hair.A. impulseB. intuitionC. instinctD. incentive12.The price of the organic vegetable will vary according to how far it has to betransported and how expensive the freight ________ is.A. paymentB. chargeC. fundD. price13.As the temperature dropped abruptly, the campers were ________ all overwith cold.A. spinningB. shiveringC. shakingD. staggering14.The English language contains a (an) ________ of words which are comparativelyseldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude15.The mayor expressed his heart-felt gratitude through the reporters for the timelyassistance and support the people from other cities had kindly ________ to hiscitizens.A. renderedB. securedC. soughtD. furnished16.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________familiarity with technology.A. by means ofB. in terms ofC. in quest ofD. by virtue of17.Lucy ________ going back to school since she saved enough money, but she hasn’tdecided yet.A.consideredB. had consideredC.is going to considerD. has been considering(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语18.Many reporters hurried to the airport, ________ that the superstar had already left.A.had been toldB. being toldC.only to be toldD. unfortunately told19.Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly ________ by the army.A. incomeB. allowanceC. wageD. salary20.The Olympic Games ________ in 776 B. C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece.A. originatedB. stemmedC. derivedD. descendedSection B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 21 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 22 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 23 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 24 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 25 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 26 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 27 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 28 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 29 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 30 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 31 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 32 with them up to a year, 33 they can build a flew house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 34 , but not common .Divorced persons are 35 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 36 property he or she 37 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 38 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 39 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 40 the woman must wait the months.21. A. by way of B. as well as C. on behalf of D. with regard to(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语22. A. adapt to B. provide for C. compete with D. decide on23. A. close B. renew C. arrange D. postpone24. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example25. A. Although B. Lest C. After D. Unless26. A. into B. within C. from D. through27. A. sine B. or C. but D. so28. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create29. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying30. A. lighting B. passing C. hiding D. serving31. A. meeting B. association C. collection D. union32. A. grow B. part C. deal D. live33. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if34. A. obtain B. follow C. challenge D. avoid35. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed36. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever37. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed38. A. divided B. invested C. donated D. withdrawn39. A. clears B. warms C. shows D. breaks40. A. while B. so what C. once D. in thatPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points: 2×20)Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You are expected to make the best choice.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passageA number of scientific studies have found that the amount of sugar we consume is a major factor in how big Americans have become. In the last half century, consumption of sugars by the average American has increased by more than 24 pounds a year, expanding waistlines and crowding out more nutritious foods.Furthermore, the studies indicate that the main dietary culprit for both the increase in sugar and the weight of Americans has been the ever-growing consumption of sugary drinks, especially soda. These soft drinks contribute 7 percent of the calories Americans consume, making them the leading source of added sugar and the single largest source of calories in our diet.Critics have repeatedly blamed high-fructose corn syrup, the inexpensive sweetener that has helped to keep soda prices down and allowed consumption to soar. But in fact, no(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语sugary beverage and no caloric sweetener is blameless. Not ordinary table sugar; not brown sugar or raw sugar; not honey; not even fruit juice concentrate.All these sweeteners when added to drinks contribute mostly empty calories that do little to satisfy the appetite and end up as excess energy that the body ultimately turns to fat. And soda, though the most common sugary beverage, is not the only one involved. In fact, after decades of increases, soda consumption has leveled off, but sports drinks, energy drinks and sweetened teas have become increasingly important contributors to the liquid calories Americans consume.To improve the health of its residents and its coffers, New York State is considering a consumption tax of about one penny per ounce on high-calorie sweetened beverages.The American Beverage Association, which takes major credit for an 88 percent reduction in sugared soda calories in the nation’s schools, has seriously undermined its credibility with ads opposing the so-called soda tax.In association-sponsored commercials on television and radio, housewives spout the ridiculous argument that such a tax would make it more difficult for them to feed their families.But on no nutritionist’s list are you likely to find soda listed as a desirable dietary ingredient. It is not a food, nor a basic necessity. In fact, the people likely to benefit most from a soda tax that discourages consumption are those who find it hardest to make ends meet. These are the people who can least afford to waste hard-earned dollars on empty calories that undermine their health.41. What have many studies found according to the first two paragraphs?A. Americans’ diet contains too many nutritious foods.B. Soda is one major contributor to Americans’ obesity.C. Americans’ diet has the largest number of calories.D. Americans consume the most sugars in the world.42. What can we know about the empty calories from the passage?A. They make people have no appetite.B. They will turn to fat at last.C. They are Americans’ basic necessity.D. They are bad for people’s health.43. What measure does New York State want to take to improve its people’s health?A. It is planning to impose taxes on sugary drinks with high calories.B. It is considering limiting the amount of liquid calories Americans consume.C. It limits the amount of sugar added to the sugary drinks.D. It encourages the sellers to raise the price of the drinks with high calories.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语44. Why does the American Beverage Association lose its credibility?A. It doesn’t think all the sugary drinks are harmful.B. It opposes reducing its nation schools’ soda calories.C. It doesn’t support the so-called soda tax.D. It discourages people to consume soda drinks.45. What is housewives’ attitude towards the soda tax?A. Indifferent.B. Supporting.C. Suspicious.D. Disapproving.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption. In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve. 46. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the science of economics. B. To outline types of economic systems. C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system. D. To compare barter and money exchange markets. 47. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best bereplaced? (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语A. High quality.B. Concrete.C. Utter.D. Essential.48. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to____. A. rapid speed of transactions B. misunderstandings C. inflation D. difficulties for the traders 49. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administeredsystem? A. Individual households. B. Small businesses.C. Major companies. D. The government. 50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining aperson’s position in a traditional society?A. Family backgroundB. AgeC. Religious beliefs.D. CustomQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any advantage point. Different views must be integrated to give perspective to the whole picture. One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic（天气的）meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagram. The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, aviation, agriculture, industry, and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits are reaped in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语the science of meteorology is constantly to strive, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy of weather forecasts. The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic meteorology. .51.The best title for the passage is ____.A.The Basics of Dynamic MeteorologyB.The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingC.Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD.New Advances in Synoptic Meteorology52.Which of the following is not referred to by the author as a field whose needs areserved by weather forecasting?A.Sports.B. Transportation.C. Manufacturing.D. Farming.53.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the thirdparagraph of the passage?A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.C.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.D.A problem is examined and possible solutions are given.54.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to____.A.greater protection of human lifeB.more funds allocated to meteorological researchC.a higher number of professional forecastersD.less-specialized forms of synoptic meteorology55.In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase "these tools" refers to____.A.mathematics and physicsB.weather forecastsC.meteorological problemsD.economic advantageQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Historians of women's labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk, domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid women's work in the(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipator in effect. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's "real" aspirations were for marriage and family lire, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as "female".More remarkable than the original has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as "female", employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United. States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs that women had been permitted to master..56.According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was ________.A.perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women'semployment In wage laborB.one means by which women achieved greater job securityC.reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages wereobviousD.a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry57.According to the passage, historians of women's labor focused on factory work as amore promising area of research than service-sector work because factorywork________.A.involved the payment of higher wagesB.required skill in detailed tasksC.was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregationD.was more readily accepted by women than by men(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语58.It can be inferred from the passage that the "unfinished revolution" the author mentionsin highlight text refers to the________.A.recognition that work done by women as homemakers should be compensated atrates comparable to those prevailing in the service sector of the economyB.development of a new definition of femininity unrelated to the economic forces ofindustrialismC.introduction of equal pay for equal work in all professionsD.emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation.59.Which of the following words best expresses the opinion of the author of the passageconcerning the notion that women are more skillful than men in carrying out detailed tasks?A.patientB.repetitiveC.hoaryD.homemaking60.Which of the following statements is true about hiring policies in the United States?A.After a crisis many formerly "male" jobs are reclassified as "female" jobs.B.Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women with previous experience ashomemakers.C.Post-Second World War hiring policies caused women to lose many of theirwartime gains in employment opportunity.D.Even war industries during the Second World War were reluctant to hire women forfactory workPart III Writing (30 points)Directions:Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 400 words on the Answer Sheet. You have 60 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people, while others say that technology has the opposite effect.Discuss these points of view. What’s your opinion?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience or knowledge.宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：211总分值：100科目名称：翻译硕士英语第 11 页共 11 页。
暨南大学2020年《211翻译硕士英语》硕士研究生入学考试真题
2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）*******************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4. Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory thatglobal forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body _________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way ____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialismsthey couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort －for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－lack of food warmth, shelter－would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clintonsigned a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use suchsystematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？ A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis. B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers. C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. B. Identify a problem. C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？ A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not. B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis；Manager Y does not. C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not. D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem；Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decisionanalysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as faras possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similar meaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people.Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those。
宁波大学外国语学院2020年硕士初试自命题科目英语(二外)真题
Yet the hope remains5, much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us6to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in the popular notion that a “chemical imbalance” causes depression. This might turn out to be true,7the truth is we don’t know.
宁波大学2020年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
The city and by extension the GBA also offers a massive potential market, and of course we cannot forget the special role Hong Kong plays with regard to its competitive tax regime, longstanding international
-economy model adopted by the likes of
Airbnb and Uber. The company, UrbanChain Group Limited, hopes to ease the search for a parking spot and
enable space owners to rent them out when not in use.
Why Hong Kong?
Hong Kong and its hinterland in Shenzhen and Guangdong province to launch Parkingbnb for a number of key reasons.
ng and Shenzhen offer an existing innovation and technology ecosystem, which is relatively easy to tap into thanks to the commitment of government to provide the support and backing that a start-up needs
and other parameters.
2016年宁波大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年宁波大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 20pts. for Section A, and 10pts. for Section B)Section A: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. Even though he was guilty, the _____ judge did not send him to prison.A. mercifulB. impartialC. conscientiousD. conspicuous【答案】A【解析】句意：虽然他犯了罪，这位仁慈的法官并没有判他进监狱服刑。
merciful仁慈的。
impartial中立的，不偏不倚的。
conscientious认真的。
conspicuous显眼的。
故选A。
2. The education _____ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.A. allowanceB. reservationC. budgetD. finance【答案】C【解析】句意：下一年的教育预算达到约40亿美元，远远高于人们期望的数额。
budget 预算。
allowance补贴。
reservation保留；预约。
finance财政，金融。
故选C。
3. They had fierce _____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.A. debateB. clashC. disagreementD. context【答案】A【解析】句意：关于公司应不应该恢复数年前破裂的贸易关系，他们展开了激烈的辩论。
宁波大学244英语二外2014-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the
human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because
Passage One
what
why
how
that
as
but
although
once
though
if
Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably
not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its
and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Yet the hope remains
5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of
these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
2018年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 7. Cloze TextV ocabulary1．It’s no good______remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A．trying toB．try toC．to try toD．that try to正确答案：A解析：本题考查固定句型。
it is no good doing sth．为固定句型，意为“做……没有益处，做……是不好的”。
故答案为[A]项。
2．No sooner had he put down the receiver with a sigh of relief______the telephone rang again.A．whenB．thanC．whileD．as正确答案：B解析：本题考查固定结构。
no sooner…than…(一……就……)为固定结构，no sooner位于句首时表示强调，主句要部分倒装，than后为从句，主句时态用过去完成时，从句时态用一般过去时。
故答案为[B]项。
类似的结构有hardly…when…。
3．The surface of the earth reflects enough of the sun’s light onto the face of the moon for us to be able to see the parts of it which______.A．are otherwise darkB．have otherwise been darkC．would otherwise be darkD．had otherwise been dark正确答案：C解析：本题考查虚拟语气。
宁波大学211翻译硕士英语2020年考研专业课真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)A.15. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilledworkers.A. explainB. excuseith D. in18. After _____ deliberation, the foreman announced that the jury had reached verdict.A. 10 minutes ofB. 10-19. The student was very excited when he ____ his teacher in this important lecture.20. A funny moment in the show is _____ the bad guy falls into a pile of wet cement.A. asB. thatC. whileD. when(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)23. Bob had been ____ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for aC. lainD. laying24. There are signs ____ Internet are becoming more and more popular with teenagers.A. thatB. whose25. She had no objection to ____ the airplane ticket26. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ____ for27. He _______ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act30. Some areas, ____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.Part II. Reading Comprehension (40%)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)。
宁波大学基础英语2018—2020年考研真题试题
宁波大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语Part I Vocabulary (30 points)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Please write the corresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1. Kate Chopin exposed the conventions of her time that kept women in a state of near constant ________.A) restoration B) revolution C) repression D) revelation2. The pyramids are an eloquent ________ to the ancient Egyptians’ engineering skills.A) evidence B) testimony C) attribute D) symbol3. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the _________ of the first week’s rent, if you takeaccommodation they have found for you.A) same B) similarity C) equal D) equivalent4. This is a Babylonian and Assyrian epic in which a hero embarks on an _________ search forimmortality.A) exhausting B) exhaustive C) exhaustible D) exhausted5 The company’s business has _________ because of good management and a suitable marketingpolicy.A) highlighted B) increased C) prevailed D) thrived6. U.S. firms could be at a disadvantage in competing for ________ to Russian markets.A) process B) access C) excess D) success7. During the summer holiday season there are no ________ rooms in this seaside hotel.A) empty B) blank C) vacant D) deserted8. Those ________ lakeside settings with their ever-changing vistas make the lakes and their stunningrural beauty a place to visit time after time.A) idyllic B) latent C) gushing D) unsettling9. There’s always intense media coverage of air crashes and that can really play into people’s fears and_________ their perceptions of how safe it is to fly.A) preoccupy B) misconceive C) initiate D) skew10. In summer, huge areas of the French countryside are regularly _________ by forest fires.A) wrecked B) removed C) impaired D) devastated11. Participants in this sailboat race spent most of it in_________: one sailor, one boat, and a vast ocean.A) separation B) solitude C) privacy D) remoteness12. Finally, she wrote to the board chairman, _________ for intervention in the situation.A) imposing B) imploring C) striving D) alienating13. To_________ his death, national flags all over the country were hoisted at half-mast.A) regret B) lament C) depress D) gratify14. The British have always taken a quiet — sometimes practically unwitting — pleasure in_________foreigners.A) perplexing B) perceiving C) startling D) persevering第0 页共10 页。
宁波大学2018年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷
宁波大学 2018 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码：
211
总分值：
100
科目名称：
翻译硕士英语
11. In the current economic climate it is fairly ________ that unemployment will continue to rise. A. predictable B. indifferent C. desirable D. reliable 12. The rise in violent crime is one of the more worrying ________ of the current situation. A. matters B. affairs C. portions D. aspects 13. Why didn’t you ________ the police immediately? This is vital evidence. A. inform B. announce C. propose D. claim 14. It’s difficult to emerge from such a scandal with your reputation still ________. A. whole B. famous C. intact D. known 15. Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen ________ from further questions. A. reflected B. refrained C. strained D. resisted 16. We could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find out what. A. canceling B. sheltering C. concealing D. settling 17. He played very badly and I think your criticisms were completely ________. A. entitled B. justified C. hopeless D. disappointed 18. A ________ examination for the post of department manager will be held next Tuesday. A. classifying B. contrasting C. comparing D. competitive 19. What she’s saying about the market may be true, but I’m ________ to give it a closer look. A. opposed B. attempted C. inclined D. consented 20. It took two trips to ________ all Helen’s furniture to her new apartment. A. transfer B. replace C. locate D. displace Section B: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. In the 19th century, it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the resources of the sea were unlimited. For example, a famous biologist said____(21)____the mid 1800s that resources of the sea were ____(22)____ . Today there’s ____(23)____ that the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as ____(24)____ of the land and the air. ____(25)____, the threat to fish is
宁波大学考研真题861翻译与汉语（B卷）2016年-2017年
宁波大学考研真题861翻译与汉语（B卷）2016年-2017年入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Part I Translation(100points)Direction:This part consists of three passages.Translate passage1from English into Chinese and passage2and3from Chinese into English.Passage1:English-Chinese Translation.(50points)It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world:with out demands,without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the /doc/311584862.html,petition would never enter in. conflict would be eliminated,tension become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its functions.Longevity would be increased,for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on,with ambition long departed from the human heart.Ah,how unrelieved boring life would be!There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth,and ambition therefore a sham.Does this mean that success does not really exist?That achievement is at bottom empty?That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events now not all success, obviously,is worth esteeming,nor all ambition worth cultivating.Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’sown.But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists;that achievement counts for a great deal;and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless.T o believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging.It is, in its implications,to remove all motives for competence,interest in attainment,and regard for posterity.We do not choose to be born.We do not choose our parents.We do not choose our historical epoch,the country of our birth,or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing.We do not,most of us,choose to die;nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death.But within all this realm of choicelessness,we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice,honorably or dishonorably,with purpose or in drift.We decide what is important and what is trivial in life.We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do.But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions,these choices and decisions are ours to make.We decide.We choose.And as we decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In the end,入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.Passage2:Chinese-English Translation.(20points)中国和东盟地缘相近、血缘相亲、人文相通、商缘相联、利益相融，是天然的合作伙伴。
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
宁波大学661基础英语2007—2020年考研专业课真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语A. do(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上) 科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语there.A. weren’t51.__________ , I do not like him as a man.A. I admire him as much as a writer(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：661 总分值：150 科目名称：基础英语。
2020年宁波大学研究生自命题考试专业课861【英汉互译】
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 861 总分值： 150 科目名称： 英汉互译I. Term Definition and Explanation （5×10 points ＝50 points ）Directions: There are all together 5 terms concerning translation theory and practice in this part. You are required to define and explain each term with a maximum of 100 words. All your answers must be written on the Answer Sheet .1. free translation2. hypotaxis3. faithfulness4. functional equivalence5. translation processII. English-Chinese Translation （60 points ）Directions: There is one English passage in this part. You are required to translate the passage into Chinese. Marks will be awarded for faithfulness and appropriateness. Please write all your translations on the Answer Sheet .In Oriental countries houses are most commonly built of local sun-dried brick or of timber. Japan is probably the country where the houses have retained their characteristic structure and appearance with fewest changes. The traditional house has a timber frame and the wall and partitions (间壁) are light screens of paper, bamboo, or similar material. Such a light construction is suited to a climate and is less dangerous in earthquakes than heavy materials would be.In warm countries people live much more out of doors than in the north, and consequently, the houses are simpler and more barely furnished. In Japanese houses the dimensions of all the rooms are based on those of the mats with which all floors are covered. The mat is always of the same size, so that each room is so many mats wide and so many long, thus making all houses consistent in scale and proportions. A similar standardization is beginning to appear in Western buildings with the increasing use of factory-made building components—walls, doors, and so on—of standard sizes and shapes.In the United States of America houses have changed as social customs changed. At first, Americanhouses followed the patterns brought from Europe by the early immigrants, but, since timber was the most easily obtainable material, boarded walls and shingle roofs largely replaced bricks and tiles. Lately, different regions have evolved their own methods of house building to suit local conditions; for instance, a low rambling house with widely spreading eaves, extending into loggias (走廊) and terraces, is typical of the Pacific coast. In addition, the plan of the house has begun to change as the American way of life has diverged more and more from the Europe. Houses are less formal, and rooms merge one into the other, providing more space for general family life and fewer rooms for special purpose.考研专业课(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：861 总分值：150 科目名称：英汉互译III. Chinese-English Translation （40 points）Directions:There is one English passage in this part. You are required to translate the whole passage into Chinese. Marks will be awarded for faithfulness and appropriateness. Please write all your translations on the Answer Sheet.历史是一面镜子。
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宁波大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
第 1 页 共 14 页科目代码： 211总分值： 100科目名称：翻译硕士英语
Pa
rt I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 x 1% = 30%)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. The ________ of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely unjustified.
A. population
B. popularity
C. populace
D. populism
2. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies in that region, _____ were surprising.
A ． as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which
3. Although some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate ______ writing a business letter.
A. in the event of
B. in the light of
C. in case of
D. in terms of
4. ______ his undoubted innocence, the accused man appeared extremely nervous.
A. However
B. Despite
C. Even though
D. Although
5. The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are split and viewed in rapid _______ to create the illusion of movement and continuity.
A. sequence
B. succession
C. transmission
D. conveyance
6. Operations which left patients ________ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
A. exhausted
B. abandoned
C. injured D deserted
7. His honeymoon expense is rather high in _______ to his income.
A. comparison
B. proportion
C. association
D. calculation
8. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got __________ and we had to call the fire brigade to put it out.
A. out of hand
B. out of order
C. out of place
D. out of way
9. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.
A. partial
B. beneficial
C. preferable
D. liable。