人物传记阅读之高考真题训练
(完整版)高考人物传记阅读及答案
高考语文实用类文本阅读----人物传记练习一二、吉林省五校高考高端命题研究协作体2016届第一次摸底考试语文试题阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。
（25分）纳什：无常命运中的美丽心灵对于很多人来说，数学家可能是遥不可及的存在。
他们醉心于那个由各种抽象符号组成的世界，而似乎离现实很远很远。
《美丽心灵》以诺贝尔经济学奖获奖者约翰·纳什的经历为素材，讲述了一位患上精神分裂症的数学天才，在爱与理智的帮助下，逐渐痊愈的感人故事。
但电影毕竟是艺术抽象，它偏重于纳什博士与精神分裂症抗争的过程。
那么，他属于数学家的一面，又是如何呢？“这人是个天才。
”这就是纳什的硕士导师给他写的推荐信，只有一句话的推荐信。
约翰·纳什的确是个天才。
中学时代，他就开始在附近的大学旁听高等数学的课程了。
尔后，他得到了卡耐基技术学院的奖学金，攻读数学。
仅仅用了三年时间，他就完成了硕士学位。
哈佛大学与普林斯顿大学都向他伸出了橄榄枝。
普林斯顿提供的奖学金比较多，纳什认为这表明普林斯顿更看重他的才能。
“士为知己者死“，纳什选择了普林斯顿。
刚进入普林斯顿的纳什，不像电影描述的那个腼腆的天才。
相反，他属于骄傲好胜的类型。
他不爱上课不爱看书，相对于跟随前人的步伐，他更喜欢自己在数学的世界探索。
吹着巴赫曲子的口哨，他可以独自做上一整夜数学，不知疲倦。
但普林斯顿并不是只有他一位数学天才。
这些天才凑在一起，总爱分个高下，而像国际象棋和围棋之类的智力对抗游戏恐怕最对他们的胃口了，不像电影中描述的那样，纳什其实算得上下棋高手。
实际上，纳什当时研究的博弈论，正是一门以各种博弈为研究对象的应用数学分支。
当纳什在1950年发表对非合作博弈的研究时，博弈学界眼前为之一亮。
以此为题材，纳什完成了他的博士论文。
可是，此时纳什的研究兴趣早已转向更纯粹的数学领域。
甚至在他完成博士论文之前，他已经开始对代数几何——一个高度抽象的数学领域——产生了兴趣，并作出了一些开拓性的研究。
直击2023高考英语(乙卷) 阅读理解 话题1 人物传记
直击2023高考英语（乙卷）阅读理解话题1 人物传记一、2023真题(共3题；共6分)阅读理解PRACTITIONERSJacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.1．（2分）What did Jacqueline and James have in common?A．Doing teaching jobs.B．Being hired as physicians.C．Performing surgery.D．Being banned from medicine.2．（2分）How was Tan Y unxian different from the other practitioners?A．She wrote a book.B．She went through trials.C．She worked as a dentist.D．She had formal education.3．（2分）Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B．Tan Yunxian.C．James Barry.D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.二、冲刺练(共12题；共24分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B. 、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
高考现代文阅读人物传记
高考现代文阅读人物传记篇一：高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练(含答案)高考语文人物传记类现代文阅读强化训练（含答案）（一）下笔不觉师造化黄宾虹一生绘画艺术的大进展，多发生在他隐居的时期。
这并不是纯粹的巧合，无需应酬杂务的宁静生活可以让他深思内省，促使画作和自然风景、隐居生活进一步契合。
池阳湖画风之变是一次突变，源自他对江湖水光天色的写生，也来自他蓄积已久的思考，还来自苦涩现实对他心灵的影响。
其弟子王伯敏多年后还难忘他老师的教诲：“读书的人，要甘于寂寞。
寂寞能安定，定则心静，静则心清，清则心明，明则明白一切事理。
作画，墨是黑的，只要眼明心清，便能悟出知白守黑的道理，画便猛进。
”1929年的一件盛事是教育部在上海举办的第一届全国美术展览，南北国画家都参加。
此时在上海美专任教的黄宾虹参加了展出工作，并发表了评介文章《美展国画谈》。
文章提倡士大夫的逸品画格，以为不必求悦于人，人不知而不愠，才是真画者；还以为当时沪上流行的一种是细谨、工于涂泽的媚人习气，另一种是自矜才气、沦于放诞的欺人画风，以浮滑为潇洒、以轻软为秀润，真画者反不合时宜。
他希望画者能坚持避俗趋雅的操守，力求华滋浑厚的画风，不要因一时俗世弃取而改变。
黄宾虹一向以为书画同源，所以称作画为“写画”。
他以为上古时代书画不分，如伏羲画八卦，仓颉造字的一种主要方式就是象形，中国最早的文字中已有横线、纵线、弧线等线条形式；汉以后虽分书画，但仍是道归于一，三代以上笔法可从甲骨、古玉、铜器中求之。
他在1929年编辑的《滨虹草堂古印谱》里曾谈到古印上的籀篆文字：点画的肥瘦方圆奇正各不同，有助于绘画笔法；而结构的疏密、参差离合、抑扬顿挫、回环往复，更可见章法布置之妙。
所以，他作画时要置备金石拓本在案头。
他由古玺印这种上古金石实物、临近原始的艺术形式中悟出笔法要旨，认识到书法、文字、金石、绘画都是同一来源，即来源于自然山水，从而找到回归造化之路。
黄宾虹常提到古代书法家从观察自然中有所领悟，如在雨后看车行泥沼，车轮在泥中转动犹如笔被纸墨所滞却仍圆转，不疾不徐、不粘不脱，由此笔法大进。
历年高考实用类人物传记真题集(后附参考答案)
高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。
这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。
这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。
爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。
他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。
尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。
玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。
爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。
他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。
”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。
他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。
他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。
后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以与狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。
哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。
该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。
他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。
在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。
这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。
玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。
他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。
高考——语文传记类文本阅读专项训练专项练习附答案
高考——语文传记类文本阅读专项训练专项练习附答案一、传记类文本阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
无机材料大师严东升：生而为国2016年9月18日早上5点56分，世界著名材料科学家、我国无机材料科学技术奠基人、两院院士严东升在上海瑞金医院病逝，享年98岁。
严东升去世后，上海硅酸盐研究所的官网首页用1/4板块推出醒目的“沉痛悼念严东升先生”专栏。
1949年新中国成立，正在美国伊利诺伊大学做博士后研究的严东升欣喜若狂，迫不及待想要回到祖国，以了“矢志科学，许身报国”的心愿，1950年2月，他中断了博士后研究历经周折回到祖国。
严东升先生是中国当代无机材料科学的重要奠基人。
七十多年来，他始终将自己的科技实践与国民经济、国防建设和社会发展紧密结合。
在无机材料科学领域辛勤耕耘，为中国科学事业的建设发展设计着蓝图并积极实践。
甫一回国，严东升就马不停蹄赶往开滦化工研究所着手耐火材料的研究，因为他知道，新中国正处于国民经济恢复时期，亟须重工业的崛起。
1954年，严东升被委以重任，解决包头钢铁厂原料——包头铁矿石含氟量高给高炉炼铁带来的严重问题。
期间，大到宏观组织调控队伍，小到研究数据的精确统计，从车间到实验室、办公室，严东升都亲力亲为，巨细无遗，为我国钢铁工业的发展作出了重要贡献。
上世纪60年代，严东升参与创建了上海硅酸盐研究所。
在这里，他把科研方向从传统硅酸盐材料研究调整为先进无机材料科学指导下的新材料研究，主持研究的陶瓷基复合材料，获得国家发明奖一等奖。
严东升先生是著名的战略科学家。
他参与了中国第一个十二年科学技术长远发展规划和《1963-1972十年科技规划》的起草工作。
1984年，他主持制定了《关于中国科学院科技体制改革的汇报提纲》，对中科院的科技体制改革采取了一系列面向经济建设与发展的重大举措，为全国科技体制改革积累了宝贵经验。
他主持开展了中国科学院学部咨询项目《长江三角洲经济与社会可持续发展若干问题》，受到了国家和地方政府的高度重视，在推动长江三角洲地区发展方面起到积极作用。
高考阅读理解-人物传记类练习及答案
高考阅读理解-人物传记类练习及答案Passage 1（2016 全国I A）You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams （1860-1935）Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community （社区）by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson （1907-1964）If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor （1930-present）When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator （参议员）and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks （1913-2005）On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tiredI was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O'Connor.D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.（2015 安徽B）When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity （团结）. To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny’s mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elizabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.1. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.A. the strength of family unityB. the difficulty of growing upC. the advantage of chopsticksD. the best way of giving a lesson2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.A. started a business in 1975B. left Vietnam without much moneyC. bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3. What can we infer about the An daughters?A. They did not finish their college education.B. They could not bear to work in the family business.C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Run a CorporationB. Strength Comes from PeaceC. How to Achieve a Big DreamD. Family Unity Builds Success（2009 浙江E）Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photo hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure. ” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King's College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule （分子）. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was to produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place. ”As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution. ”No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.1. What is the text mainly about?A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.C. The process of discovering DNA.D. The race between two teams of scientists.2. Watson was angry with Franklin because she ______.A. took the lead in the competitionB. kept her results from himC. proved some of his findings wrongD. shared her data with other scientists3. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?A. She developed pictures in dark labs.B. She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.C. Her name was forgotten after her death.D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.4. What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A. Disapproving.B. Respectful.C. Admiring.D. Doubtful.Passage 4（2009 陕西B）When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）. Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school, Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员）from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton's presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed （任命）him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school's special assistant to the president for 2001-2002.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school.B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.2. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as ______.A. news secretary for a congressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala3. The text is most likely to be found in a book about ______.A. popular scienceB. historical eventsC. successful peopleD. political systemsPassage 5（2010 湖南B）When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls.The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom, “I don't know how to use a computer,” she admits.Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes（糖尿病）. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation（JDRF）, an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts（甜甜圈）. Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn't do any good. No one is immune （免疫的）to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”1. Why did Mary feel regretful?A. She didn't achieve her ambition.B. She didn't take care of her mother.C. She didn't complete her high school.D. She didn't follow her mother's advice.2. We can know that before 1995 Mary ______.A. had two books publishedB. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computerD. supported the JDRF by writing3. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her ______.A. living with diabetesB. successful show businessC. service for an organizationD. remembrance of her mother4. When Mary received the life-changing news, she ______.A. lost control of herselfB. began a balanced dietC. tried to get a treatmentD. behaved in an adult way5. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself.B. Mary has recovered from her disease.C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.Passage 6（2011 辽宁C）Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile（汽车）. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals, they considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.1. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He invented the production line.2. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills.B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology.D. To raise money for his new company.3. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Company4. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers.B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models.D. Starting more companies.Passage 7（2010 福建A）F. Scott Fitzgerald（1896-1940）F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”This Side of Paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned （1922）, a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age （1922）, and a play The Vegetable （1923）. But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swissclinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 82. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?a. He became addicted to drinking.b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.e. He failed to reorder his life.f. He joined the army and met Zelda.A. f-c-e-a-b-dB. b-e-a-f-c-dC. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald ______.A. had made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaB. was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC. would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken downD. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ______.A. Zelda's personal lifeB. Zelda's illness and treatmentC. Fitzgerald's friendship with GrahamD. Fitzgerald's contributions to the literary worldPassage 8（2011 陕西B）Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies' two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities（设备）to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilitiesin military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military's Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity（辐射能）. Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.1. Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.2. Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?A. At the Curie Institute.B. At the University of Paris.C. At a military hospital.D. At the College of Sévigné.3. When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?A. In 1932.B. In 1927.C. In 1897.D. In 1926.4. In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?A. Irene worked with radioactivity.B. Irene combined family and career.C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.D. Irene died from leukemia.Passage 9（2012 安徽C）When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio （小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. Her spine （脊柱）became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera's strong influence on Kahlo's style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo's works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.1. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?A. a far better artistB. a far more gifted artistC. a much stronger personD. a much more famous person2. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by ______.A. polioB. her bent spineC. back injuriesD. the operations she had3. Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent since the ______.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1970s4. What is the author's attitude toward Kahlo?A. Devotion.B. Sympathy.C. Worry.D. Encouragement.Passage 10（2014 山东C）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued （起诉）for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants （后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W.E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”1. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A. She was born a slave.B. She was a slaveholder.C. She had a famous sister.D. She was born into a rich family.2. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A. She found an employer.B. She wanted to be a lawyer.C. She was hit and got angry.D. She had to take care of her sister.3. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?A. She should always obey her owners' orders.B. She should be as free and equal as whites.C. How to be a good servant.D. How to apply for a job.4. What did Mumbet do after the trial?A. She chose to work for a lawyer.B. She founded the NAACP.C. She continued to serve the Ashleys.D. She went to live with her grandchildren.5. What is the text mainly about?A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C. The life of a brave African American woman.D. A trial that shocked the whole world.答案及解析Passage 11. A 细节理解题。
历年高考实用类人物传记真题集(后附参考答案)
高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。
这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。
这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。
爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。
他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。
尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。
玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。
爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。
他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。
”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。
他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。
他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。
后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以及狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。
哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。
该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。
他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。
在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。
这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。
玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。
他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。
高考专题复习人物传记阅读 试题
人物传记阅读制卷人：歐陽文化、歐陽理複；制卷時間：二O二二年二月七日沈从文：耐得住寂寞的纯粹之人1902年，沈从文出生于湘西的一个山洼小镇里，由于家境贫困，高小毕业后，就过着漂泊式的生活。
1922年，他来到报考燕京大学，未能如愿。
于是，他租住在一间霉味刺鼻的小房里开场自学写作。
而写文章对于他这样高小毕业生来说，无异于老虎吃天，就连最起码的标点符号也用不好，但他并不气馁．然而，投出去的稿子都如泥牛八海，这仍未动摇他的决心。
为尽快发表作品，他决定去报刊编辑部当面请教。
一次，他拿着写好的十几篇稿子，去了经常投稿的一家编辑部，那位编辑极不耐烦地看完后，从每篇稿子中摘出一段来，连成了一长段，当着众多编辑的面大声念起来，挖苦他：“世界文坛上从此将会出现一个伟大的作家，他就是这位名叫’沈从文的人!〞奚落完后，是把那些稿子揉成一团，狠狠掷于废纸篓中。
沈从文并没有表现出一丝愤怒，而是微笑着对那位编辑说：“谢谢您的夸奖，我会努力的！〞仍然是在那间霉味刺鼻的小房里，沈从文以顽强的毅力，终于于1924年，在?晨报?上发表了第一篇作品。
从此一发而不可收，先后写下了?边城??湘行散记?等，很快名噪文坛。
当年他曾报考而没有被录取的燕京大学，于1927年派专人上门，聘请他去该校任教。
沈从文先后在、、、等地的大学任教，并编辑多种报纸的文艺副刊。
繁重的教学任务，并没有让他放弃写作，反而促成了众多作品的问世。
汪曾祺生前曾说：“沈先生耐得住寂寞的功夫，非一般人所能到达。
他能在陋室中对文学的社会功能产生他自己的看法，认为好的作品除了使人获得真美感觉之外，还有一种引人向善的力量……从作品中接触另外一种人生，从这种人生景象中有所启发，对人生或者生命能作更深一层的理解，沈先生的看法‘太深太远’，照我看，这是文学功能的最正确的看法。
〞1988年5月10日沈从文逝世后，瑞典的汉学家马悦然感慨道：“沈先生假如再活上半年，那一年的诺贝尔文学奖非他莫属。
高考语文-传记阅读-专题练习(一)(含答案与解析)
高考语文专题练习（一）传记阅读一、阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
（12分）慷慨掷此身在中国，年轻一辈知道华罗庚，大都是因为以其名字命名的数学竞赛；老一辈熟悉他，是因为他曾大力推广的数学“优选法”和“统筹法”。
1910年11月12日，华罗庚出生在江苏省常州金坛区。
他幼时因思考问题过于专心被人戏称为“罗呆子”。
后因家计困难而辍学帮父亲看管店铺，他整天捧着借来的《大代数》、《解析几何》等自学，用5年时间学完了高中和大学低年级的全部数学课程。
后来，他不幸染上伤寒病，靠新婚妻子的照料挽回了性命，左腿却落下残疾。
这个劫难，反而让华罗庚坚定了攻读数学的信念。
1930年，华罗庚在上海《科学》杂志上发表了一篇论文，指出数学家苏家驹论文中的错误。
杂志到了清华大学数学系主任熊庆来手里，他一打听才知道，作者原来是一位只有初中学历的青年，于是他力主把华罗庚请到清华来工作与培养。
华罗庚到清华后，没再去听解析几何和微积分两门课，他不愿“浪费时间”在“太过浅近”的课程上。
于是熊庆来让他进了算学分析班，而华罗庚学习这门高级课程十分轻松，还在课余自学了英、法、德、日等语言。
曾就读清华物理系的力学家钱伟长回忆，他一直以为自己是清华最用功的学生，但一天早上6点，就发现华罗庚从远处一瘸一拐走来——他已经学习了3个小时，正在校园里散步呢。
这样的实力和努力，助力23岁时的华罗庚登上了清华讲台教授微积分。
执教两年，他就发表了15篇论文，大多数刊登在国外杂志上，其中一篇被世界上最重要的数学杂志——德国《数学年鉴》收录。
从此，无人不对华罗庚心悦诚服，据说美国著名数学家维纳来清华讲学时，只要华罗庚有异样的表情或咳嗽一下，维纳就会停下来问：“我错了吗？”华罗庚于1936年初到剑桥大学访学，在近一年半的时间里，他潜心研究，在数学权威刊物发表了18篇论文。
七七事变打断了他的访学进程，他回国随清华大学搬迁至昆明，破例被清华、北大、南开三校组成的西南联大正式聘为教授。
高考阅读专题1-人物传记、故事类(含答案解析)
专题一、阅读理解之人物传记、故事类1.【2015·湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a moderngrow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can （装罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control what’s on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony （阳台）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no will.”55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “____C__”.A. recipeB. substituteC. requirementD. challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs? BA. They are used daily.B. They are easy to grow.C. They can grow very tallD. They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AA. It can preserve their best flavorB. It can promote her online salesC. It can better her cooking skillsD. It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand? DA. The knowledge about good foodB. The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC. The joy of getting in touch with foodsD. The responsibility to protect our earth【考点定位】记叙文阅读【名师点睛】记叙文体裁特点是：人不离事,事不离人。
高考语文文言文阅读分类训练：《人物传记类》(含答案)
文言文阅读：人物传记类一、阅读下面文言文，完成下面小题。
庆历二年，御试进士，时晏元献①为枢密使。
杨察，晏婿也，时知制诰，避亲，勾当②于三班院。
察之弟置时就试毕，负魁天下望。
未放榜间，将先宣示两府，上十人卷子。
置因以赋求察问晏公己之高下。
晏公明日入对，见置之赋既考定第四人，出以语察。
察密以报置。
而置试罢与酒徒饮酒肆，闻之，以手击案叹曰：“不知那个卫子③夺吾状元矣！“既而唱名④，再三考定第一人卷子进御，赋中有“孺子其朋”之言，上不怿曰：“此语忌，不可魁天下。
”即王荆公卷子。
第二人卷子即王珪，以故事，有官人不为状元；令取第三人，即殿中丞韩绛；遂取第四人卷子进呈，上欣然曰：“若杨置可矣。
”复以第一人为第四人。
置方以鄙语骂时，不知自为第一人也。
荆公遂于杨置榜下第四人及第。
是时，上令十人往谢枢密使。
晏公俟众人退，独留荆公，再三谓曰：“延评乃殊乡里，久闻德行乡评之美。
况殊备位执政，而乡人之贤者取高科，实预荣焉。
”又曰：“休沐日⑥相邀一饭。
”荆公唯唯。
既出，又使直省官相约饭会，甚殷勤也。
比往时，待遇极至。
饭罢，又延坐，谓荆公曰：“乡人他日名位，如殊坐处，为之有矣。
”且叹慕之，又数十百言，最后曰：“然有二语欲奉闻，不知敢言否？”晏公言至此，语欲出而拟议久之，乃泛谓荆公曰：“能容于物，物亦容矣。
”荆公但微应之，遂散。
公归至旅舍，叹曰：“晏公为大臣，而教人者以此，何其卑也！”心颇不平。
荆公后罢相，其弟和甫知金陵，时说此事，且曰：“当时我大不以为然。
我在政府，执意革新，人人与之为敌，不能保其终。
今日思之，不知晏公何以知之；复不知能容于物，物亦容焉二句，有出处，或公自为之言也。
”（取材于宋代王铚《默记》）注：①晏元献：晏殊，谥元献。
②勾当：做事情。
③卫子：驴的别称。
④唱名：科举时代殿试后，皇帝呼名召见登第进士，叫唱名。
⑤有官人不为状元：宋代在职官员可以参加科举，但不能录为状元。
⑥休沐日：休息日。
1．下列对句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（）A．时知制诰知：掌管B．上不怿曰怿：高兴C．饭罢，又延坐延：请D．何其卑也卑：卑劣2．下列对句中加点字的解释，不正确的一项是（）A．勾当于三班院于：在B．见置之赋既考定第四人既：已经C．复以第一人为第四人以：把D．人人与之为敌之：他3．下列对文中语句的理解，正确的一项是（）A．负魁天下望辜负了天下人想让他考第一的期望B．察密以报置审察的人把秘密报告给杨置C．晏公俟众人退，独留荆公晏殊等大家走的时候，唯独留下王安石D．不知敢言否？不知你敢不敢说？4．根据文意，下列理解和推断，不正确的一项是（）A．庆历二年的殿试中，开始王安石的试卷获得第一名，因犯了皇帝的忌讳而被黜。
高考语文适用文本人物传记阅读题
高考实用类文本阅读训练一、阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。
王澍：所有庞大的东西，注定都要崩溃王澍，现任中国美术学院建筑艺术学院院长、博士生导师。
恋箫管，擅书法和山水画，执着践行中国本土建筑学理念，享有“中国最具人文气质的建筑家”美誉。
2012年，荣获建筑学最高奖项普利兹克奖，成为第一位获此殊荣的中国籍人士。
⑴人物周刊：上世纪90年代，您有6年隐居起来了，当时您就批判中国“新建筑大量爆发的非常态的状态”，今天您如何评价现状？⑵王澍：愈演愈烈，到了疯狂的地步了。
几乎是不顾一切，你可以看到任何地区都是失控的状态，地方政府疯狂建设的欲望如此强烈，简直到了难以控制的地步。
这可能跟过去几十年的变革有关，传统文化一直是被批判的对象；另一方面，表面上谈中国传统文化调门喊得很高，但具体做法全在模仿西方，这揭示了大家实际上对自己的文化既不了解也没有信心的状态，出现了整个价值观和社会发展方向上的完全迷失的状态。
⑶人物周刊：您有一个观点，建设好乡村就是对中国城市建设的最大贡献，包括向乡村学习的态度，能具体介绍一下吗？。
我们接下来可能碰到的最大问题，就是对城市化⑷王澍：中国传统一直有句话，“礼失求诸野”的过分强调，但实际上中国文化的基础是在乡村。
我经常开玩笑说，你看一下我们明清以来乡村建设的质量，就可以下一个判断：我们至少已经全面城市化六百年了！我们的乡村根本不是无序的简单的农舍，我们的乡村都是结构井然的，它其实都是小城市来的，我们早就城市化了，只不过不是以今天这种现代性的异化扭曲的方式的城市化，它是一个跟自然更和谐的城市化的状态。
这些，是中国未来的老师。
如果我们想知道自己的未来的话，应该回头看一下我们乡村的状态。
我们传统乡村的状态，是中国的未来。
⑸人物周刊：您曾说，“中国人在说传统的时候，都是完全不一样的时间概念”，建筑实践中，您如何实现“对传统进取地保护”？⑹王澍：我这两年经常在西方做一个演讲，主题叫“重返自然之道”。
高考语文专题复习文言文(人物传记类)阅读理解十年真题
高考语文专题复习文言文（人物传记类）阅读理解十年真题（2023·全国甲卷）阅读下面的文言文，完成各题。
B．周尧卿为人简朴持重，不喜计较，对于不如自己的人，他会郑重地以礼相待，让对方产生羞愧之心；虽然俸禄不多，但周济宗族朋友，直到用完为止。
C．周尧卿为学注重独立思考，不迷信古人传注，而以通达文义为目的，他认为解释《诗经》的《传》《笺》各有得失，学习时应当加以分辨。
D．周尧卿学问品行俱佳，得到当世名臣范仲淹和欧阳修嘉许。
范仲淹曾举荐他，但未及任用，他就去世了；欧阳修为他的墓碑撰文，对他褒扬有加。
13．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（1）泫然流涕曰：“过是，虽欲竭力，复可得乎？”（2）纭至邑，不复他察，第以所闻荐之。
【2022年】（2022·新高考2卷）阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
吴汉，字子颜，南阳人。
韩鸿为使者，使持节，徇河北，人为言：“吴子颜，奇士也，可与计事。
”吴汉为人质厚少文造次不能以辞语自达邓禹及诸将多所荐举再三召见其后勤勤不离公门上亦以其南阳人渐亲之上既破邯郸，诛王郎，召邓禹宿，夜语曰：“吾欲北发幽州突骑，诸将谁可使者？”禹曰：“吴汉可。
禹数与语，其人勇鸷有智谋，诸将鲜能及者。
”上于是以汉为大将军。
汉遂斩幽州牧苗曾，上以禹为知人。
吴汉与苏茂、周建战，汉躬被甲持戟，告令诸部将曰：“闻鼓声皆大呼俱进，后至者斩。
”遂鼓而进，贼兵大破。
北击清河长垣及平原五里贼，皆平之。
吴汉伐蜀，分营于水南水北，北营战不利，乃衔枚．．引兵往合水南营，大破公孙述。
吴汉兵守成都，公孙述将延岑遗奇兵出吴汉兵后，袭击破汉，汉堕水，缘马尾得出。
吴汉性忠厚，笃于事上，自初从征伐，常在左右，上未安，则侧足屏息，上安然后退舍。
兵有不利，军营不完，汉常独缮檠其弓戟，阅其兵马，激扬吏士。
上时令人视吴公何为，还言方作战攻具，上常曰：“吴公差强人意．．．．，隐若一敌国矣。
”封汉广平侯。
吴汉尝出征，妻子在后买田业。
完整版本人物传记近三年高中高考真题试卷.doc
实用类文学文本高考真题到达离祖国最近的一条公路，突遇日伏，他立即命令分散突。
激中，戴安胸腹中。
甸雨季，大雨滂沱，部既要突破日堵，需忍挨，穿越荒山密林，1942 年 5 将采薇月 26 日，他行至北茅邦村，戴安化，以身殉国，年38 。
弥留之，参戴安任第 73 旅旅后，回多年日作的教，定要取得利必依靠部属努他下一步的行路，他已不能，手指地，示意部从莫洛瑞江向北回国，又力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他的国情．他犄意抄民族英雄岳的《江》和文天祥的人扶着他面向祖国注久，安然而逝。
《零丁洋》，印各官兵背吟唱，激大家精忠国的国忱。
戴安牲后，体由官兵抬回国内，渡瑞江后，乃将体火化，骨灰装入小木箱，以了抗大，戴安摒弃党派成，国人士。
《自由》者宗祺仁前来采，与。
一情景感了沿途民众，一位老痛心地：“寿材么小，怎能配得上将的英他夜局。
探国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成莫逆之交。
有人提醒戴安，名与地位？”随即捐出自的楠木寿材。
冲率全父老20 万人沿街跪迎将灵。
宗是共党，多加提防。
他坦然答道：“ 在是国共合作抗．何防之有？宗是否共党我不随后，国民政府追授戴安中将，美国斯福追授戴安懋章，国民政府在广西知道，我只知道他是新者，写多真感人的道，有卓越的解。
我正缺少的全州安葬式，中国袖毛派人送来挽：“外辱需人御，将采薇。
称机械化，国志士。
”几天后，他把自己的事著作交宗供仁修改并。
勇虎威。
浴血瓜守，倭棠吉。
沙竟命，壮志也无。
”周恩来、朱德等也敬献挽太平洋争爆后，中国决定派征赴句日作。
当命令到达，已升任第200 、挽。
新中国成立后，中央人民政府追戴安革命烈士，并以毛主席的名向属的戴安高唱《江》，并向官兵宣葛亮征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的“革命牲人家属光荣念”。
精神激励官兵．赴途中，他激情，《征》二首以明志。
其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，（摘自茅海建主《国民党抗殉国将》等）王出境夷摧．鞭遥指花如，葛前身今又来。
”其二云：“策奔走八荒，征功相关接秦皇。
2023届高考语文复习：实用类文本阅读之人物传记+课件41张
①Hale Waihona Puke 心国家前途，民族命运的爱国者：提出“服务社会、便利人群、 开发产业、富强国家”的强国宏愿，动员民生公司员工英勇抗战。 (品质上) ②脚踏实地，勇于实践的实于家：创办民生实业公司，致力于北碚乡 村建设。(事业上)
③具有现代意识的改革家：认为建设现代化国家的基本要求是建 立良好秩序:注重基础建设，提高人民文化生活水平。(思想上) ④目标高远，不懈追求的理想主义者：把实现个人理想与改造社 会有机结合起来。(行为上)
4.人生经历型 5.引用材料型
3.人生经历型(全文段落大意的考察)
多以时间为顺序，找出主人公发生的大事件，归纳整 理，分条作答。
有时候，也以人物的情感转变过程为线索
3.人物形象(品质)题
【答案来源】 A.直接的人物描写（语言、动作、心理、神态等） B.间接的描写： 次要人物——衬托——主要人物(形象和品质) 典型环境——烘托——主要人物的心理状态(心情) C.从人物经历的事件中（如传记中出现多个事件，而传主的应对行为 就可以看出人物的品质）
例：玻尔“特有的人格魅力”表现在哪些方面?请结合材料谈谈 你的看法。(8分)(2014-1)
例：有人说《自由报》记者宗祺仁是共产党，提醒戴安澜多加提防，他 却回答“何防之有”，这是为什么？请结合材料，分析戴安澜这样回答 的理由。(6分) 【答案】 ①国难当头，应以民族大义为重，戮力同心，共赴国难；(外因) ②宗的见解卓越，报道真实感人，是少有的爱国志士； (内因) ③作为莫逆之交，只应相互敬重，不能彼此防备。(直接原因)
例：作为一位杰出的数学家，吴文俊对物理学、文学艺术等也 有广泛的兴趣。请结合材料，就兴趣广泛与专业研究的关系进 行分析。(8分) (2016-2) 推理过程就是强行点题! ! ! 答案: ①吴文俊广泛的阅读面，为日后的专业研究奠定了基础，也有 利于科学与人文交融理念的形成。(非红字部分为学生自由阐 述)
(完整版)人物传记近三年高考真题
实用类文学文本高考真题将军赋采薇戴安澜任第73旅旅长后，回顾多年对日作战的经验教训，认定要取得胜利必须依靠部属努力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他们的爱国热情．他犄意抄录民族英雄岳飞的《满江红》和文天祥的《过零丁洋》，印发给各级官兵背诵吟唱，激发大家精忠报国的爱国热忱。
为了抗战大业，戴安澜摒弃党派成见，团结爱国人士。
《自由报》记者宗祺仁前来采访，与他彻夜讨论时局。
探讨国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成为莫逆之交。
这时有人提醒戴安澜，说宗是共产党，须多加提防。
他坦然答道：“现在是国共合作抗战．何防之有？宗是否共产党我不知道，我只知道他是新闻记者，写过许多真实感人的报道，有卓越的见解。
我们正缺少这样的爱国志士。
”几天后，他还把自己的军事著作交给宗供仁修改并题词。
太平洋战争爆发后，中国决定派远征军赴缅句对日作战。
当命令到达时，已升任第200师师长的戴安澜高唱《满江红》，并向官兵宣讲进诸葛亮远征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的精神激励官兵．赴缅途中，他激情满怀，赋《远征》二首以明志。
其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，王师出境岛夷摧．扬鞭遥指花如许，诸葛前身今又来。
”其二云：“策马奔车走八荒，远征功业迈秦皇。
澄清宇宙安黎庶，先挽长弓射夕阳。
”入缅不久，日军主力迫近东瓜，军长杜聿明决定集中主力击溃日军．戴安澜立下誓言：“此次远征，系唐明以来扬国成之盛举，虽战至一兵一卒，也必死守东瓜。
”这时，英军突然撤走，我方援军未至，形势危急，戴安澜决心以身报国。
他宣布：“本师长立遣嘱在先：如果师长战死，以副师长代之；副师长战死，参谋长代之……以此类推，各级皆然。
”他给夫人王荷馨写了绝命家书：“余此次奉命固守东瓜，因上面大计未定，与后方联络过远，敌人行动又快，现在孤军奋斗，决以全部牺牲报国家养育。
为国家战死，事极光荣。
所念者，你们母子今后生活，当更痛苦。
望你珍重．并爱护诸儿，侍奉老母。
老父在皖，可不必呈闻。
”面对日军发动步兵、炮兵和空军联合进攻，狂轰滥炸，施放毒气，戴安澜率部同仇敌忾，顽强战斗，抗击四倍于己的日军长达十余日．中印缅战区美军司令兼中国战区统帅部参谋长史迪威表示：“近代立功异域，扬中华声威者，以戴将军为第一人。
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人物传记阅读之高考真题训练(2016全国Ⅰ卷)12．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。
（25分）寻找属于自己的句子1942年夏，陈忠实出生在陕西农村。
上中学时，陈忠实读赵树理的《三里湾》和柳青到的《创业史》，得到滋养，萌发了文学梦。
也许是好事多磨，1962年高中毕业后，他未能如愿上大学读中文系。
这个20岁的青年，常常一个人坐在家乡的灞河边，想着文学，想着寻找属于自己的句子。
三年之后，陈忠实的散文《夜过流沙沟》在1965年3月8日的《西安晚报》文艺副刊上发表，他的文学生涯由此正式开始。
但直到1979年小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，他才确立了文学上的自信。
他感觉自己不再是一个文学爱好者和业余作者了，是年9月25日，他加入中国作家协会。
又一个三年之后，陈忠实40岁，他的第一个短篇小说集《乡村》出版，赢得“小柳青”的名声，工作单位也换成陕西省作家协会，他终于是一名专业作家了。
随着年岁的增长和时代的变化，陈忠实越来越觉得要从赵树理、柳青的文学中剥离出来。
他将这个愿望写进了小说《蓝袍先生》中。
小说写于1985年，一个认知作者的标志性年份。
这年的最后10天，他随中国作家代表团出访泰国。
第一次走出国门的陈忠实特意置办了一套质地不错的西装。
当他第一次穿上西装打上领带站在穿衣镜前的时候，脑海里浮现出刚完成的小说的主人公蓝袍先生。
蓝袍先生多年以来一直穿着蓝色长袍，受到同学讥笑以后才脱下蓝袍，换上“列宁装”。
陈忠实认为那是摆脱封建残余桎梏、获得精神解放的象征。
脱下了几十年的中山装、换上西装的那一刻，他切实意识到自己就是蓝袍先生。
1985年的泰国之行让陈忠实深受刺激，他联想起家乡人自嘲的称呼。
相比那些见多识广的城市人，他们把自己称作“乡棒”。
游逛在曼谷的超市大楼，看着五颜六色、各式各样的服装，作家觉得眼花缭乱。
那一刻，他觉得不仅自己是“乡棒”，教他观察服装的北京作家郑万隆也是“乡棒”。
面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是“乡棒”。
他痛感自己需要从什么地方剥离出来，将自己彻底打开，不仅要在生活上打开自己，更重要的是要在思想上打开自己。
在剥离的愿望中，陈忠实认识到必须写一部史诗般的长篇小说，才能在文学上确立自己。
这时，各种新近阅读过的长篇小说萦绕心头，作家备感困惑，又备受启发。
马尔克斯《百年孤独》的结构像网一样迷幻，王蒙《活动变人形》的结构自然随意，却俨然大手笔，张炜《古船》的结构完全不同，有一种精心设计的刻意……而结构背后似乎还有更深的东西。
陈忠实最终发现，不是作家先别出心裁弄出一个新颖骇俗的结构来，而是先要有对人物的深刻体验。
寻找到能够充分描写人物独特的生活和生命体验的恰当途径，结构方式自然就出现了。
恰巧此时兴起的“文化心理结构”学说给了他决定性的影响。
他相信，人的心理结构主要是由理念支撑的，而结构一旦形成，就会决定一个人的思想、道德和行为，决定一个人的性格和内核。
如果心理结构受到社会冲击，人就将遭遇深层的痛苦，乃至毁灭。
陈忠实感到自己终于从信奉多年的“典型性格”说中剥离出来，仿佛悟得天机，茅塞顿开。
多年以后，作家回忆往事，认为自己就是在1985年开始重建自我，争取实现对生活的独特发现和独立表述的。
陈忠实后来寻找到了什么是人所共知的，1992年开始在《当代》杂志连载的长篇小说《白鹿原》已经成为我们的文学经典，他在中国当代文坛的位置也随之奠定。
此后，功成名就的作家继续在文学的园地里辛勤耕耘，寻找属于自己的句子。
2016年春天，陈忠实走了，属于陈忠实的句子永留人间。
（摘编自陈忠实《寻找属于自己的句子》、李清霞《陈忠实年表》等）相关链接①陈忠实的《白鹿原》是上世纪90年代中国长篇小说创作的重要收获之一，能够反映那一时期小说艺术所达到的最高水平。
把这部作品放在整个20世纪中国文学的大格局里考量，无论就其思想容量还是就其审美境界而言，都有其独特的、无可取代的地位。
即使与当代世纪小说创作中的那些著名作品比，《白鹿原》也应该说是独树一帜的。
（何西来《关于<</span>白鹿原>及其评论》）②陈忠实常讲，创作到了一定阶段，不一定是拼生活、拼艺术，而是拼人格。
好一个拼人格！这正是作家自身博大的人格魅力的反应。
这就不难理解他最终被公认为描摹巨大民族悲剧的圣手，成为当代中国文学的大家之一。
（李满星《陈忠实：回首六十五载风雨人生》）（1）下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是（5分）A．赵树理《三里湾》和柳青《创业史》是陈忠实最初的文学营养，使他萌发了文学梦，后来则成为他创作上必须突破的对象。
B．小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，使陈忠实在文学上确立了自信心，这是他从业余作者走向专业作家的重要转折。
C．陈忠实认为“面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是‘乡棒’”，这与其说是他的一种觉悟，不如说是他受刺激后的错误判断。
D．陈忠实善于学习前人并感知时代，不仅拼生活、拼艺术，而且拼人格，不断地提升思想境界，获得对人和生命的独特理解。
E 从发表第一篇作品到被人称为“小柳青”，再到被人称为“当代中国文学的大家”，陈忠实的整个文学生涯可谓一帆风顺。
（2）为什么说1985年是认知陈忠实的标志性年份？请结合材料简要概括。
（6分）（3）文中认为“属于陈忠实的句子永留人间”，为什么？请结合材料简要分析。
（6分）（4）陈忠实的“剥离”和“寻找”是什么关系？有哪些表现？请结合材料详细说明。
（8分）(2016全国II卷)12．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。
（25分）吴文俊的数学世界吴文俊小学时成绩平平，也没有显示出独特的数学才华，初中时数学甚至得过零分，高中时最喜欢的是物理而非数学，但他从小就对读书有浓厚兴趣，初中时国文成绩一直不错，尽管高三时物理得了满分，但教物理的赵贻经老师却看出了他的数学潜力，力荐他入数学系。
正始中学决定，吴文俊必须报考数学系，才能得到每年一百块大洋的奖学金，加之他父母又不放心独子离开上海，吴文俊就进入了上海交大数学系，所谓“知之不如好之，好之不如乐之”，吴文俊向来是以兴趣为先导来读书的，因为他对物理有兴趣，甚至一度想要转系。
是大三时教数学的武崇林老师帮助他摆脱了专业上的困惑，使他认识到数学的巨大魅力。
1940年，吴文俊从交大毕业，先后在育英中学、培真中学担任数学教员，直到1946年见到了影响他一生的恩师陈省身，他才由一个普通的中学数学老师成为数学研究所的专业研究员。
对于吴文俊的数学研究，他的学生高小山总结说：“吴先生做拓扑研究，一下子就能抓住核心问题，为代数拓扑学的兴起作出了影响深远的贡献。
他从事机器定理证明也是这样，极其敏锐地看出了信息时代数学的发展趋势，他的研究受到中国古代数学的启发，汲取了中国传统数学的养分。
使用吴先生的方法，几乎所有数学定理的证明，都可以由计算机来完成，从而让人类把精力放到更加宏观的层面上去思考问题。
”对吴文俊来说，虽然最初选择数学是被动的，但综观其一生，数学已逐渐成为他生命的一部分。
从事数学研究，吴文俊特别强调数学思维。
他说：“要创新，就要独立思考，就不能总是跟着人家亦步亦趋，当然开始的时候参考借鉴也是必要的，牛顿就说过，他之所以获得成功，因为他站在巨人的肩膀上，才能看得远。
所以不能忽略学习，可是除了学习之外，还要能够独立思考，这是创新的必要条件。
现在摆在中国面前的是，数学就要靠下一代、下下代在创新方面取得巨大成功，中华民族才可以得到复兴。
”吴文俊自己的经历就是很好的例子。
他在数学上的一系列成就，特别是他运用机械化思想来考察数学，发现了数学的不同侧面，并建立了新的模式，这全面得益于他的独辟蹊径。
对我国的数学基础教育，吴文俊也颇有心得。
我国中学生多次在国际奥数竞赛中获奖，被当作我国数学教育成功的证明，但吴文俊更赞同丘成桐的观点：“奥数应该是一种建立在兴趣之上的研究性、高层次学习，中国的奥数学习过分关注海量题目，直接与考试、竞赛挂钩，对系统学数学不利。
作为基础学科，应着重引导学习的兴趣，不应当过分追求功利。
”吴文俊同样清醒认识到：“竞赛获奖固然可贵，但也不能看得过重，因为它不能代表学生对数学的深度理解，也不能有效地训练数学思维。
”他认为，数学教育更重要的是培养数学的思维方式。
有人曾揶揄数学家迂腐，吴文俊不但不迂腐，而且兴趣广泛，内心充满童趣。
他说：“我是个想怎样就怎样的人，想玩就玩，想工作了就会安安静静地工作，从不多想。
”他喜欢看电影、读历史小说，也喜欢看围棋比赛。
老伴说他“贪玩”，他却说：“读历史书籍、看历史影片，帮助了我的学术研究；看围棋比赛，更培养了我的全局观念和战略眼光。
”吴文俊37岁时就获得了国家自然科学一等奖，四十多年后，他再次获得国家最高科技奖。
如此长的学术生命，在数学界是非常罕见的。
当记者提出疑问时，吴文俊反问道：“我为什么不能保持这么长的学术生命？”在他看来，学术生命是能够终生保持的，很多人做不到，那是他们自己的问题，应该自我反省。
他特别强调研究数学要下扎实的工夫。
他说：“外国许多数学家，尽管有的我非常佩服，可是我并不认同他们靠所谓巧思妙想研究数学的办法。
应该根据客观实际具体分析，一切以事实为主。
这是我主要的想法。
”（摘编自柯琳娟《吴文俊传》）相关链接①1974年，吴文俊转向中国数学史研究，从中得到启发，开创了具有中国传统数学特点的数学机械化之路。
他提出的“吴方法”，继承和发扬了中国古代数学基于“计算”的传统，与通常基于逻辑的方法根本不同，首次试想了高效的几何定理自动证明。
国际机器证明研究领域的权威人物S．穆尔说：“在吴文俊之前，机械化的几何定理证明处于黑暗时期，而吴的工作个整个领域带来光明。
”（黄婷、邱德胜《数学大师：华罗庚、陈省身、吴文俊》）②一般说来，吴教授的工作，都是独辟蹊径，不袭前人，富有创造性的。
（陈省身为吴文俊颁发杰出科学家奖时的评语）（1）下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是（5分）A．在上海交大读书期间，吴文俊因为对数学不感兴趣，曾一度想转到物理系，后来遇见一位高明的数学老师武崇林，他才打消了转系念头。
B．吴文俊清楚地看到信息时代数学的发展趋势，受到中国古代数学的启发，提出了用计算机实现数学定理证明的方法，作出了影响深远的贡献。
C．吴文俊能够清醒地认识到中国数学研究领域存在的主要问题，期待着未来的中国数学家开拓创新，取得巨大成就，从而实现中华民族的复兴。
D．外国不少数学家只靠巧思妙想研究数学，尽管名气很大，吴文俊却并不认同他们的研究成果，而是坚持用自己以客观为主的方法研究数学。
E．吴文俊在拓扑学、机器定理证明、数学机械化等领域都取得了很多独创性成果，获得了国际数学界同行的高度任何与评价。
（2）吴文俊的数学研究为什么能够取得创造性成果？请结合材料简要分析。