广东财经大学2016年《804英语写作与翻译》考研初试专业课真题试卷
2019年广东财经大学英语写作与翻译考研真题解析版
2019年广东财经大学英语写作与翻译考研真题考试年度：2019年考试科目代码及名称：804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、Part I Writing（100分）1、Summary Writing(1题，共40分)Direction：Summarize the following passage with about120-150English words.Do not directly copy from the passage.We issue them and we accept them,and,when the appointed date arrives,we assume such of our clothes as we believe to be suitable to the gathering,and sally forth to the party of pleasure.Often,indeed usually,it is in the evening.Therefore we clothe ourselves in such garb as men and women have agreed in their strange symbolism,to consider appropriate to the hours after8o’clock or so.And perhaps —who knows?—it is in the exercise of these savage and primitive conventionalism that a large part of the pleasure of the evening gathering consists.We are very primitive creatures,and the mere satisfaction of self-adornment,and of assuming for particular occasion a particular set of clothes,may well tickle our sensibilities.Be that as it may,we arrive at our party dolled up,so to speak and find ourselves in a crowd of our fellow-creatures,all dolled up too.Now we are off.The party of pleasure has begun.We see friends and talk to them.But this we could do with greater comfort at our own homes or in theirs;this cannot,surely, be the promised pleasure.As a matter of fact,if you succeed in getting into a corner with a friend and talking,be sure you will be very soon torn asunder by an energetic hostess,whose motto is“Keeping them moving.”We are introduced to new acquaintances.This may,no doubt,be very agreeable.They may be persons you are glad to know.But it is doubtful whether your acquaintanceship will prosper very much tonight.It may well be that no topics suitable for discussion will present themselves to either of you at the moment of introduction.I know someone who says that she never can think of anything to say to persons introduced to her at a party except“Do you like parties?”And that is too crude;it simply cannot be said. You must think of some more sophisticated remarks.Having thought of it,you must launch it,in the peculiar resonant pitch necessary to carry it above the clamor (for this clamor,which somewhat resembles the shrieking of a jazz band,is anessential accompaniment to a party,and part of the entertainment provided).A conversation will then ensue,and must be carried on until one or other of you either flags or breaks away,or until someone intervenes between you.One way and another, a very great deal gets said at a party.Let us hope that this is a good thing.It is apparent,anyhow,that the mere use of the tongue,quite apart from the words it utters,gives pleasure to many.If it gives you no pleasure,and if,further, you derive none from listening to the remarks of others,there is no need to converse. You had better then take up a position in the solitary corner(if possible on a chair, but this is read treat)and merely listen to the noise as to a concert,not endeavoring to form out of it sentences.As a matter of fact,if thus listened to,the noise of a party will be found a very interesting noise,containing a great variety of different sounds.If you are of those who like also to look at the clothes of others, you will,from this point of vantage,have a good view of these.2、Essay Writing(1题，60分)Direction:Nowadays,dating show appears to be a very popular program in many TV stations. It not only draws great attention from the audience,some of the ideas of the participants also cause sensations.How do you see this kind of dating show?Please write an essay around500English words,expressing your ideas about this type of program.Your essay should be neat and tidy,logical and relevant to the topic.二、Part II Translation(50分)1、English-Chinese Translation(25分)No poet,no artist of any art,has his complete meaning alone.His significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists. You cannot value him alone;you must set him,for contrast and comparison,among the dead.I mean this as a principle of aesthetic,not merely historical,criticism. The necessity that he shall conform,that he shall cohere,is not one-sided;what happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art which preceded it.The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves,which is modified by the introduction of the new(the really new) work of art among them.The existing order is complete before the new work arrives; for order to persist after the supervention of novelty,the whole existing ordermust be,if ever so slightly,altered;and so the relations,proportions,values of each work of art toward the whole are readjusted;and this is conformity between the old and the new.Whoever has approved this idea of order,of the form of European, of English literature will not find it preposterous that the past should be altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past.And the poet who is aware of this will be aware of great difficulties and responsibilities.2、Chinese-English Translation(25分)说到书，我很动感情，因为它给我带来温暖，我对它满怀感激。
广东财经大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试卷经济法
欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2016年考试科目代码及名称：F514-经济法
适用专业：030107经济法学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
论述题（4题，每题25分，共100分）
一、论述经济法主体的概念、种类及主体资格的取得方式。
二、论述反垄断法适用除外的概念和适用对象。
三、论述商业秘密的概念、特征以及侵犯商业秘密行为的表现。
四、论述销售者的产品质量义务。
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷2018年804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2018年考试科目代码及名称：804-英语写作与翻译(自命题)适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］Part I Writing （100分）（1）Summary Writing. (1题，共40分)Directions: Please read the following passage, and write a summary around 120-150 English words without copying the complete sentences from the text.Not long ago, I took in one of the conversations you’re not supposed to have. It turned on whether Vladimir Nabokov, author of Lolita, really desired underage girls. The usual arguments came out: Nabokov was a master of personae, and Humbert Humbert a game to him. Kinbote, analogous narrator of Pale Fire, didn’t make you think Nabokov loved boys. The late novels were Nabokov’s allegories of the seductions of aestheticism, which transfigures the forbidden into the beautiful; or moral paintings of our acceptance of crime, when crime is presented alluringly. So love of the wrong subject becomes a metaphor for art, ethics, personality, and so forth.I was reluctant to say that I felt these explanations were inadequate and even in bad faith. The trouble with Lolita is plainly its ability to describe what a sexual twelve-year-old looks like. What her dress is like when it brushes her knees, what her toes are like with painted nails, how the color sits on the plump bow of her lips—the phrase for these is that it is “too real”; that’s the scandal. It continues to be the scandal fifty years after publication, and it will be a scandal whenever adult acknowledges the capacity upend his vision and see a child, protected larval stage of the organism, as a sexual object. The girl is still a child, only now she is a sex child. Yet this makes me feel Nabokov was not a pedophile but something he is not credited with being—a social critic.You, too, see it, or should. The trend of these fifty years has been to make us see sexual youth where it doesn’t exist, and ignore it as it does. Adults project the sex of children in lust, or examine children sexually with magnifying glasses to make sure they don’t appeal to us. But these lenses became burning glasses. The hips of Betty Grable melted and disappeared. The breasts of Marilyn Monroe ran off and were replaced with silicone. The geography of fashion created new erogenous zones—pelvic midriff, rear cleavage—for dieters starving off their secondary sexcharacteristics, and for young teens, in the convergence of the exerciser and the pubescent child. The waif and pixie became ideal. Mama and daughter look the same again before the bedroom mirror—not dressed up in Mama’s pearls and heels this time, but in children’s wear. The dream belongs to sixteen, or to those who can starve themselves to sixteen.The critic Philip Fisher used to note that Lolita, tightly plotted as it is, repeats one scene twice. Humbert spies a lit window far opposite. Because he longs to see a nymphet, he sees one. The wave of arousal returns, its tide dampening him up to his knees. As he nears the climax, the form is refocused as an adult woman or man. Disgusting! But this is the simple inversion of a characteristic experience of our time. A man will see a distant form, in low-cut top and low-slung jeans, and think he is on the trail of eroticism; draw near, and identify a child. Revolting! The defenses against it continue the problem. The more a whole nation inspects the sex characteristics of children to make sure it is not becoming aroused by childishness, and slyly hunts around to make sure its most untrustworthy members are not being so aroused, the more it risks creating a sexual fascination with the child. However you gaze, to accept the fantasy or to assure yourself you see nothing, you join in an abomination.（2）Essay Writing (1题，60分)Cyber-violence has become a new form of violence in our real world. The cyber mob will abuse language, pictures and other media to injure one’s reputation or image, even initiate man-hunting. Please write an essay on cyber-violence, with English words around 500 words.Part II Translation(50分)（1）English-Chinese Translation (25分)I was introduced to George, a Cotswold mason(石匠). He is in his seventies but still at it. When I met him he was engaged in the almost lost art of dry-walling, pulling down some ramshackle old walls and converting their materials into smooth solid rampart. He was a little man, with a dusty puckered face and an immense upper lip so that he looked like a wise old monkey; and he has spent all his long life among stones. There were bits of stone all over him. He handled the stones about him, some of which he showed to us, at once easily and lovingly, as women handle their babies. He was like a being that had been created out of stone, a quarry gnome. He was a pious man, this old George, and when he was not talking about stone walls, he talked in a very quiet evangelical strain about his religious beliefs, which were old and simple. Being a real craftsman, knowing that he could do something better than you or I could do it, he obviously enjoyed his work, which was not so much toil exchanged for so many shillings but the full expression of himself, his sign that he was old George the mason and still at it. Bad walls, not of his building, were coming down, and good walls were going up. The stones in them fitted squarely and smoothly and were a delight to the eye and a great contentment to the mind, so weary of shoddy and rubbish. I have never in my life done anything so thoroughly and truly as that old mason did his building.（2）Chinese-English Translation (25分)“一年之计在于春”，光读这平仄已让人心觉希望。
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷答案及评分标准 .doc
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷答案及评分标准
考试年度：2016年考试科目代码及名称：F501-财政与金融适用专业：020201 国民经济学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、问答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）
1、外汇储备的形式和功能有哪些？
2、财政支出按经济性质如何进行分类
3、金融市场的功能是什么？
4、纳税人是否就一定是负税人？为什么？
5、简述所得课税的特点
二、论述题（2题，每题25分，共50分）
1、试述通货紧缩的社会经济效应
2、分析货币政策对证券市场的影响
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2017年考试科目代码及名称：801-经济学基础(自命题)适用专业：020201国民经济学、020202区域经济学、020203财政学、020204金融学、020205产业经济学、020206国际贸易学、020209 数量经济学、027000统计学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、名词解释（6题，每题5分，共30分）
1．经济增长
2．帕累托最优状态
3．市场失灵
4.劳动供给决策
5.需求收入弹性
6.乘数
二、简答：（6题，每题10分，共60分）
1.影响供给的因素
2.垄断竞争市场的条件
3.经济增长与经济发展的关系
4.财政政策工具
5.利润最大化原则
6.总产量、平均产量及边际产量的关系
三、论述题（2题，每题30分，共60分）
1.收入分配不平等的表现及解决对策。
2.什么是企业的显性成本和隐性成本？结合我国当前实际，如何降低企业成本？
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷613-英语水平考试
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试 适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze 完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction : There are 3 passages below. Read each of them and choose the proper word from the word list to fill in each of the blanks in the passages. Each word can be used only once.Passage 1Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is (1)_____to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from (2)____satellites can locate your car (3)_____at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your(4)_______on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any (5)______time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite cont ains four “atomic clocks,” which (6)_____ at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio (7)___that can be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The car’s computer can then (8)___how far the satellite is by (9)____how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receivin g the satellite’s signal can be (10)_____into a distance.Passage 2More than 30 million cars and trucks nationwide are (1) with dangerously(2)____air bags, congressional officials say, a number that raises questions about whether the US (3)____industry can handle what could become the largest recall in history.Federal safety (4)____have recalled only 7.8 million vehicles over the defect in a few states, a limited action that (5)____said Thursday was vastly insufficient to(6)____what they deemed “a public safety threat”.Two senators demanded a much (7)____recall that would cover everyaffectedvehicle nationwide. (8)_____a recall of that magnitude ---- including best-selling models from Honda, Toyota, GM, Chrysler and six other companies (9)____ 2002 to 2007 ---- could prove far (10)_____than the industry has ever managed.Passage 3Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several (1) __ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural (2) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to (3) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (4) __ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is (5) __ to the others.These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain’s original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to (6) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the (7) __ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the (8)__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather (9) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (10)__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.II. Proofreading and error correction 改错题 (15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on your answer sheet.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like (1) ____the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things aredone around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. (2)_____ Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique (3) _____personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate (4) _____ ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can express (5) _____in the company’s mission statement and other communications,in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wearto work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given (6) _____ various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of (7) _____a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really knowthe corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a (8)______ number of months, but you can get close to them through research (9)______and observation. Understanding culture is a two-steps process, (10) _____ starting with the research before the interview and ending (11)______ with observation at the interview. The bottom line is thatyou are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment-(12)______ and to be happy, success, and productive, you will want to (13)______be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you (14)______ can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for (15)______ growth.III. Gap-filling 选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the following blanks with the correct words given according to the meanings of the sentences.1. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ________ theimpact of the oil spill.A. minimizeB. belittleC. rejectD. reclaim2. T opics for conversation should be ________ to the experiences and interests of thestudents.A. satisfiedB. relevantC. concernedD. concentrated3. T hey said the operation had been successful and they expected his wife to________.A. bring aboutB. pull throughC. carry onD. put up4. W e could tell that she was still ________ something and it was our job to find outwhat.A. cancelingB. shelteringC. concealingD. settling5. Y ou are legally ________ to take faulty goods back to the store where you boughtthem.A. assignedB. entitledC. acclaimedD. remained6. H is knowledge of English is ________ for the job, although he is not fluent in thelanguage.A. justifiedB. reliableC. adequateD. assured7. T he scientists have been ________ the necessary funds for their research program.A. desiredB. neglectedC. declinedD. denied8. T here is always a ________ that the legal system is designed to suit lawyers ratherthan to protect the public.A. confidenceB. faithC. deceptionD. suspicion9. A spokesman of Ministry of Agriculture said that a series of policies would beimplemented to ________ the development of agriculture.A. demoteB. promoteC. decreaseD. increase10. A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A. favorableB. suitableC. properD. preferable11. The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely12. I’m not sick; ________, I’m in the peak of health.A. to be honestB. on the contraryC. to my delightD. on all sides13. By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for morethan 26 hours, came out alive.A. strokeB. hitC. strikeD. blow14. A dvertising is an intensely ________ business.A. competitiveB. aggressiveC. adventurousD. lucrative15. She was _______ upset to find that she failed in the final examination.A. somehowB. somewayC. somewhatD. somewhereIV. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions: In this section, there six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer.Passage 1 The Birth of Photography【1】Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.【2】Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.【3】A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841. Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image. This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.【4】The two processes produced very different results. The daguerreotype was a unique image that reproduced what was in front of the camera lens in minute, unselective detail and could not be duplicated. The calotype could be made in series, and was thus the equivalent of an etching or an engraving. Its general effect was soft edged and tonal.【5】One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity. Nature now seemed able to speak for itself, with a minimum of interference. The title Talbot chose for his book, The Pencil of Nature (the first part of which was published in 1844), reflected this feeling. Artists were fascinated by photography because it offered a way of examining the world in much greater detail. They were also afraid of it, because it seemed likely to make their own efforts unnecessary.【6】Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.【7】In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor. Even those artists who were most dependent on photography became reluctant to admit that they made use of it, in case thiscompromised their professional standing.【8】The rapid technical development of photography—the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds—had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.1.What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.2. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?A. They were equally useful for artists.B. They could be reproduced.C. They produced a permanent imageD. They were produced on treated paper.3. The word "authenticity" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA. improvement.B. practicality.C. genuineness.D. repetition.4.What point does the author make in paragraph 6?A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.5.It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that itA.provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move.B.showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art.C.increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy.D.influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster.Passage 2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia【1】The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetation cover. However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region. At the end of the Ice Age, no more than a few thousand foragers lived along the eastern Mediterranean coast, in the Jordan and Euphrates valleys. Within 2,000 years, the human population of the region numbered in the tens of thousands, all as a result of village life and farming. Thanks to new environmental and archaeological discoveries, we now know something about this remarkable change in local life.【2】Pollen samples from freshwater lakes in Syria and elsewhere tell us forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age, for the southwestern Asian climate was still cooler and considerably wetter than today. Many areas were richer in animal and plant species than they are now, making them highly favorable for human occupation. About 9000 B.C., most human settlements lay in the area along the Mediterranean coast and in the Zagros Mountains of Iran and their foothills. Some local areas, like the Jordan River valley, the middle Euphrates valley, and some Zagros valleys, were more densely populated than elsewhere. Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished. These people exploited the landscape intensively, foraging on hill slopes for wild cereal grasses and nuts, while hunting gazelle and other game on grassy lowlands and in river valleys. Their settlements contain exotic objects such as seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian (volcanic glass), all traded from afar. This considerable volume of intercommunity exchange brought a degree of social complexity in its wake.【3】Thanks to extremely fine-grained excavation and extensive use of flotation methods (through which seeds are recovered from soil samples), we know a great deal about the foraging practices of the inhabitants of Abu Hureyra in Syria's Euphrates valley. Abu Hureyra was founded about 9500B.C, a small village settlement of cramped pit dwellings (houses dug partially in the soil) with reed roofs supported by wooden uprights. For the next 1,500 years, its inhabitants enjoyed a somewhat warmer and damper climate than today, living in a well-wooded steppe area where wild cereal grasses were abundant. They subsisted off spring migrations of Persian gazelles from the south. With such a favorable location, about 300 to 400 people lived in a sizable, permanent settlement. They were no longer a series of small bands but lived in a large community with more elaborate social organization, probably grouped into clans of people of common descent.【4】The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape. Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nutharvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. However, as the climate dried up, the forests retreated from the vicinity of the settlement. The inhabitants turned to wild cereal grasses instead, collecting them by the thousands, while the percentage of nuts in the diet fell. By 8200B.C., drought conditions were so severe that the people abandoned their long-established settlement, perhaps dispersing into smaller camps. 【5】Five centuries later, about 7700B.C., a new village rose on the mound. At first the inhabitants still hunted gazelle intensively. Then, about 7000 B.C., within the space of a few generations, they switched abruptly to herding domesticated goats and sheep and to growing einkorn, pulses, and other cereal grasses. Abu Hureyra grew rapidly until it covered nearly 30 acres. It was a close-knit community of rectangular, one-story mud-brick houses, joined by narrow lanes and courtyards, finally abandoned about 5000 B.C.. Many complex factors led to the adoption of the new economies, not only at Abu Hureyra, but at many other locations such as 'Ain Ghazal, also in Syria, where goat toe bones showing the telltale marks of abrasion caused by foot tethering (binding) testify to early herding of domestic stock.6. The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA. numerous.B. regular.C. very important.D. very positive.7. Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPTA. temperate regions of Asia.B. southwestern Asia.C. North America.D. Europe.8. Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2?A. To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.B. To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.C. To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.D. To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations.9. Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement becauseA. the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.B. wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.C. people wanted to explore new areas.D. lack of rain caused food shortages.10. According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPTA. the domestication of animals.B. the intensive hunting of gazelle.C. the size of the settlement.D. the design of the dwellings.Passage 3 Children and Advertising【1】Young children are trusting of commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes been accused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern about misleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use of exaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children are largely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggeration is used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "the best" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; even adults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance an exaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim. For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast." However, research has shown that children often have difficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that the cereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The author George Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the ages of six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toy advertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended when presented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers are mainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for the positively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertised product and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind. In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animated figuresfrom popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities in advertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of host selling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programming in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when a children's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lion promotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that the practice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish between advertising and program material. It was also found that older children responded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance of celebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence is mixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the characters used to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, and children accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information. This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition, children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorses that product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that the presence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect the children's perceptions of a product if the children did not like the celebrity in question.11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A. How big the toys are?B. How much the toys cost?C. What the toys can do?D. How the toys are made?12. The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. establish the truth of.B. approve of.C. understand.D. criticize.13. Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA. the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B. the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C. cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D. the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.14. The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is cl osest in meaning toA. responsible.B. skillful.C. patient.D. curious.15. In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A. To help explain what is meant by th e term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B. To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C. To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D. To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.Passage 4 Methods of Studying Infant Perception In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants' responses to various stimuli. Because they cannot verbalize or fill out questionnaires, indirect techniques of naturalistic observation are used as the primary means of determining what infants can see, hear, feel, and so forth. Each of these methods compares an infant's state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (newborn), repetitive following movements of the eye occur. The occurrence of these eye movements provides evidence that the moving pattern is perceived at some level by the newborn. Similarly, changes in the infant's general level of motor activity —turning the head, blinking the eyes, crying, and so forth — have been used by researchers as visual indicators of the infant's perceptual abilities.Such techniques, however, have limitations. First, the observation may be unreliable in that two or more observers may not agree that the particular response occurred, or to what degree it occurred. Second, responses are difficult to quantify. Often the rapid and diffuse movements of the infant make it difficult to get an accurate record of the number of responses. The third, and most potent, limitation is that it is not possible to be certain that the infant's response was due to the stimulus presented or to a change from no stimulus to a stimulus. The infant may be responding to aspects of the stimulus different than those identified by the investigator. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to over-generalize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Observational assessment techniques have become much more sophisticated, reducing the limitations just presented. Film analysis of the infant's responses, heart and respiration rate monitors, and nonnutritive sucking devices are used as effective tools in understanding infant perception. Film analysis permits researchers to carefully study the infant's responses over and over and in slow motion. Precise measurements can be made of the length and frequency of the infant's attention between two stimuli. Heart and respiration monitors provide the investigator with the number of heartbeats or breaths taken when a new stimulus is presented. Numerical。
广东财经大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试卷产业经济学
欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2016年 考试科目代码及名称：F505-产业经济学适用专业：020205产业经济学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、问答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）
1、波特的“钻石理论”的基本内容。
2、影响市场结构的因素有哪些。
3、产业生命周期的阶段与特点有哪些。
4. 产业关联的类型有哪些。
5、产业布局政策的主要类型有哪些。
二、论述题（2题，每题25分，共50分）
1、论述三种价格歧视的含义及其形成条件。
2、论述产业政策有哪些作用。
1。
2015年广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷804-英美文学
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2015年考试科目代码及名称：804-英美文学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I.Explain the following literary terms. Write your answers on the answer sheet.(25 points, 5 points for each.)1.Enlightenment2.Metaphysical poetry3.The theatre of the absurd4.Transcendentalism5.Dramatic monologueII.For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement. (20 points, 1 point for each)1._____ can be justly termed England’s natio nal epic, and its most striking featureis the use of ____.A.Cynewulf, alliterationB.Beowulf, alliterationD.Robin Hood, rhymeC.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,rhyme2. The 18th century sees the birth of the greatest satirist in English literature: .His masterpiece , comprises the extraordinary adventures of an Englishman, descriptions of fantastic lands visited by him, and their social systems and is always regarded as a bitter sarcasm and deadly irony of the contemporary England.A. Samuel Johnson, Gulliver’s TravelsB. Alexander Pope, The Rape of theLockC. Daniel Defoe, Robinson CrusoeD. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels3. Which of the following works is NOT considered as William Shakespeare’s fourgreat tragedies?A. King LearB. Romeo and JulietC. MacbethD. Othello4. , Byron’s greatest work, was written in the prime of his creative powerand still remained unfinished when the poet’s life was ended by a romantic and generous death.A. Don JuanB. GiaourC.Childe Harold’s Pilgr imageD. Manfred5. The publication of in 1798—the joint work of William Wordsworth and________—marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, i.e. with classicism.A. Lyrical Ballads, Robert SoutheyB.The Prelude, Samuel TaylorColeridgeC.Lyrical Ballads, Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Biographia Literaria, Samuel Taylor Coleridge6. William Makepeace Thackeray’s masterpiece is , and the title of the novel is taken from Bunyan’s greatest work .A. Vanity Fair, Paradise RegainedB. Vanity Fair, Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Vanity Fair, Samson AgonistesD. The Book of Snobs, Pilgrim’sProgress7. established himself both as a writer and as a spokesman for the school of “Art for Art’s Sake.”A. Thomas GrayB. Charles LambC. Oscar WildeD. Walter Scott8. __________, written by P. B. Shelley’s wife, Mary Shelley, is regarded the best of its kind, ______, in the 19th century England.A. Prometheus Unbound, Gothic novelB. Frankenstein, Realistic novelC. Adonis, Romantic novelD. Frankenstein, Gothic novel9. “April is the cruellest month, breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing / Memory and desire, stirring / Dull roots with spring rain.” These lines are taken from T. S. Eliot’s modern classic poem_______, which remind us the opening lines of the “General Prologue” in The Canterbury Tales by the greatest literary figure_______ in 14th century England.A. Four Quartets, Geoffrey ChaucerB. The Waste Land, Geoffrey ChaucerC. Hollow Man, Edmund SpencerD. The Waste Land, John Milton10. Joseph Conrad’s _________ is central to the evolution of what is called postcolonial fiction, and says something that only said in a novel: A historian looking at European colonialism will arrive at historical judgments.A. Heart of DarknessB. NostromoC. Lord JimD. Typhoon11._________, with his famous poem, “Annabel Lee”, justified his poetic idea that the death of a beautiful woman, is “unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world”.A. W.B. Yeats B. Edgar Allan PoeC. Ezra PoundD. W. H. Auden12. Around 1920, the American literary world rediscovered an almost forgotten book and suddenly became aware of a major American writer. The book was _______, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.A. Moby-DickB. OmooC. The Last of the MohicansD. Billy Budd13. With Warner, Mark Twain collaborated on __________, a satire that gave itsname to the era of corrupt materialism that followed the American Civil War.A. The Golden AgeB. The Silver AgeC. The Gilded AgeD. The Bronze Age14.________, Stephen crane’s finest literary achievement, depicts a picture ofAmerican Civil War in a naturalistic way.A. War Is KindB. The Black RidersC. The Red Badge of CourageD. The Age of Innocence15. Hemingway’s novel The Sun Also Rises, brilliantly captures his years in Paris asone of ______, a name given by the writer Gertrude Stein.A. The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. The Younger Generation16. By the end of his life he had become a national bard; when he was eighty-sevenhe read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy. The poet is ___________.A. Ezra PoundB. T. S. EliotC. E. E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. As a poet and as a painter, _________uses the small letters, the unconventionalsyntax, and the unusual spacing of words, to express individuality and participate in what he called “The New Art”.A. Ezra PoundB. E. E. CummingsC. William Carlos WilliamsD. Wallace Stevens18._______, an epic depiction of one dispossessed Oklahoma family’s migration toCalifornia in search a new life, written by ___________, is among the most widely read novel of 20th century.B. Of Mice and Men, John SteinbeckA. The Grape of Wrath, JohnSteinbeckC. In Our Time, Ernest HemingwayD. Light in August, William Faulkner19. Which of the following writers is NOT a Nobel Prize Winner?A. Ezra PoundB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Saul Bellow20. Early in 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, _______,established an international reputation with such plays as The Emperor Jones, Anna Christie and The Hairy Ape.A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamsC. Walt WhitmanD. Eugene O’NeillIII.Matching. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A and put the letters on the answer sheet. (20 points, 1 point for each.)Section AColumn A Column B1.Francis Bacon A.For Whom the Bell Tolls2.John Milton B.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3.Herman Melville C.Seize the Day4.W. B. Yeats D.A Streetcar Named Desire5.Washington Irving E.Paradise Lost6.Henry Fielding F.Sailing to Byzantium7. E. M. Forster G.Moby Dick8.Ernest Hemingway H.Advancement of Learning9.Saul Bellow I.Tom Jones10.Tennessee Williams J.Howards EndSection BColumn A Column B1.The Tempest A.Lord Henry2.Sister Carrie B.Catherine Linton3.Great Expectation C.Leopold Bloom4.Sons and Lovers D.Nick Carraway5.Native Son dy Teazle6.Wuthering Heights F.Prospero7.The Great Gatsby G.Bigger Thomas8.Ulysses H.G. W. Hurstwood9.The School for Scandal I.Mrs. Morel10.The Picture of Dorian Gray J.PipIV. Read the following pieces of selected works and answer the question followed by the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points, 8 points for each.)1.It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants who, as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.Q: This text is from Jonathan Swift’ s “A Modest Proposal”. What is Swift’s attitude toward the beggars he describes?2.My heart leaps up when I beholdA rainbow in the sky:So was it when my life began,So is it now I am a man,So be it when I shall grow oldOr let me die!The child is father of the man:And I could wish my days to beBound each to each by natural piety.Q：This is a short poem written by William Wordsworth. Please explain the underlined lines.3.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to “glorify God and enjoy him forever.”Q：This text is selected from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, under the title “Where I Lived, and What I Lived For.” Please explain the underlined sentence.4.“Shall I?” I said briefly; and I looked at his features, beautiful in their harmony, but strangely formidable in their still severity; at his brow, commanding, but not open; at his eyes, bright and deep and searching, but never soft; at his tall imposing figure; and fancied myself in idea his wife. Oh! it would never do! As his curate, his comrade, all would be right: I would cross oceans with him in that capacity; toil under Eastern suns, in Asian deserts with him in that office; admire and emulate his courage and devotion and vigour: accommodate quietly to his masterhood; smile undisturbed at his ineradicable ambition. . . . I should suffer often, no doubt, attached to him only in this capacity: my body would be under a rather stringent yoke, but my heart and mind would be free. I should still have my unblighted self to turn to: my natural unenslaved feelings with which to communicate in moments of loneliness. There would be recesses in my mind which would be only mine, to which he never came; and sentiments growing there, fresh and sheltered, which his austerity could never blight, nor his measured warrior-march trample down: but as his wife—at his side always, and always restrained, and always checked—forced to keep the fire of my nature continually low, to compel it to burn inwardly and never utter a cry, though the imprisoned flame consumed vital after vital—this would be unendurable.Q：This passage is from Jane Eyre. It occurs in Chapter 34. St. John Rivers has just asked Jane to join him as his wife on his missionary trip to India. Please evaluate Jane’s interior conflict involved in making her decision.5.When Miss Emily Grieison died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant--- combined gardener and cook---had seen in at least ten years.…Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from the day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor—he who lathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron—remitted her taxes, die dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity.Q：This text is from William Faulkner’s short story “A Rose for Emily”. Please explain the underlined part.V. Answer the following questions, and elaborate your opinion with examples. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (45 points, 15 points for each.)1. What are the features of Realism of Victorian novels? Elaborate them with thenovels of Victorian writers.2. State the literary achievements of T. S. Eliot, and elaborate them with his works.3. Please make a comparison between “The Angry Young Man” and “The BeatGeneration”.。
广东财经大学普通语言学考研真题试题2009——2015年
广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2009年 考试科目代码及名称：603-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. category2. semantic components3. schemata4. linguistic universality5. duality6. metalingual function7. minmal pair8. inflection9. cooperative principle10. validity二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket.1.( )The Chinese expressions “吃饭了吗？” “家里都好吗？” “这是去哪啊？” etc. are examples of displacement.2. ( )Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other.3. ( )In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution.4. ( )A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.5. ( )A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. 1. Find the sources of the following blends. (1 point for each)1) smash 2) workaholic 3) modem 4) medicare5) motel 6) brunch 7) spam 8) chunnel2. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. (2 points for each)1) The instructor told the students to study.2) The Jet landed on the ground.3) That glass suddenly broke.4) The travelers are waiting for the train.3. What are the presuppositions that the following sentences may contain?(2 points for each)1) She regretted not accepting the gift from Tony.2) The pregnant teacher went on holiday.3) Where did he buy the beer?4) She wants more popcorn.4. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd. To what extent can the oddness be explained by reference to Grice’s CP and maxims?A: Have you seen Peter today?B: Well, if I didn’t denying seeing him I wouldn’t be telling a lie.5. Give an example to illustrate the recursive nature of language that provides a theoretical basis for the creativity of language.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What are special features of Systemic-functional linguistics and TG Grammar? Comment them briefly.2. Why do modern linguists put the priority of synchronic study over the diachronic study in linguistics?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A)考试年度：2010年 考试科目代码及名称：603-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. The theory of metafunctions of language2. Distinctive feature3. Open-class word4. Syntagmatic / horizontal / chain relation5. Selection restrictions6. Cohort theory7. Linguistic relativism8. Contextual meaning9. Indirect thought10. External evaluation二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.( )Chomsky distinguished the linguistic competence ofthe speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as language and parole.2.( )Formalism sees as a central task for linguists characterizing the formal relationships among grammaticalelements independently of any characterization of thesemantic and pragmatic properties. In contrast,functionalism rejects that task on the grounds that the function of conveying meaning in its broad sense has so affected grammatical form that it is senseless to communicate to compartmentalize it.3. ( )Structurally, a word is the smallest unit because many words cannot be separated into even smaller meaningful units.4. ( )Theme and rheme belong to functional analysis of the sentence and subject and predicate belong to formal analysis of the sentence. Mathesius believes that they are not the same and should be strictly distinguished from each other.5. ( )According to Leech, conceptual meaning makes up the central part of meaning. It is connotative in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to. In this sense, conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of reference.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the distinction between the endocentric compound and the exocentric compound?2. What is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive study?3. What is the functional sentence perspective?4. What is componential analysis?5. What are the Q-principle and the R-principle developed by L. Horn?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1.What are the Q-, I-, and M-principles proposed by S. Levinson?2.What is the difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics, transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional linguistics?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A)考试年度：2011年 考试科目代码及名称：603-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. interlanguage2. blending3. assimilation4. concord5. connotation6. frequency effect7. validity8. the textual function9. direct thought10. proficient test二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1.( ) Systematic grammar is based on the assumption thatgrammatical categories should be defined not in terms ofmeaning but in terms of distribution, and that thestructure of each language should be described withoutreference to the alleged universality of such categories astense, mood and parts of speech.2.( ) Chomsky once thought that sentences like the activeand the passive, the declarative and the interrogative, antthe positive and the passive, are each derive from the samedeep structure. The difference between them simply comesfrom the operation of relevant transformations.3. ( ) Morphology studies the internal structure of words,and the rules by which words are formed.4. ( ) The conception of language input as a way topromote language acquisition is to some extent in line withthe so called constructivism a constructivist view oflanguage argues that language is socially constructed.5. ( )Immediate constituent analysis is a kind ofgrammatical analysis which divides a sentence to parts and then cut these parts into two and continue with this segmentation until we reach the smallest grammatical unit, the morphemes.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the distinction between MT and human translation?2. What is the theory of communicative competence?3. What is the interpersonal function and how is it realized?4. What is the major features of schemata?5. Please choose the most appropriate maxim you believe to analyze the following dialogue briefly:A: Let’s get the kids something.B: Okey, but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What contribution did Saussure make to modern linguistics?2. What are the ‘linguistic relativity’and ‘linguistic determinism’? And what insight have the two assumptions brought to us?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2012年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. arbitrariness2. syntax3. competence4. prescriptive5. semantic component6. acronym7. cohesion8. denotation9. phoneme 10. derivation二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. ( ) Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.2. ( ) In speech act, the sense in which to say something can mean to do something concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer, which can be called a illocutionary act.3. ( ) Phonology is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur.4. ( ) Generative semantics was developed as a creation to Chomsky’s syntactic-based TG Grammar. This theory considers that all sentences are generated from a semantic structure. Linguists working within this theory hold that there is essential distinction between syntactic processes and semantic processes.5. ( ) Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?2. What is contrastive analysis?3. What is the INPUT Hypothesis?4. Please choose the most appropriate maxim you believe to analyze the following dialogue briefly:A: Where is Liming?B: He’s gone to the library. He said so when he left.5. What is the definition of cognitive linguistics?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What is the tradition and special features of systemic- functional linguistics?2. What are the special features of American Struralism?广东商学院硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2013年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201-英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. macrolinguistics2. blending3. diphthong4. aspect5. reference6. cooperative principle7. Indo-European family8. taboo9. CALL 10. corpus linguistics二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. （）Halliday’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance.2. （）Descriptive linguists are concerned with how language work, not with how they can be improved.3. （）The word “hour” contains a diphthong and a pure vowel.4. （）The concept “competence” originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.5. （）All words contain a root morpheme.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What are the major design features of language?2. What are the methods for the addition of new words in the English language?3. Exemplify the relationship between phone, phoneme and allophone.4. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis.5. What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation and denotation?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. How do you understand the saying that language is symbolic?2. In what way can corpus data contribute to lexical studies?广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2014年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）1. pragmatics2. diachronic linguistics3. allophones4. morpheme5. cohesion6. cognitive linguistics7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal fricative”.4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA (derivational affix). e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA) -s (IA)1) unconscious 2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means of IC analysis.4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours?B: Hamburger … fish and chips.四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2015年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）Duality Stress Morpheme Acronym CoordinationSynonymy Categorization Register Blending Phrase二、判断题（5题，每题8分，共40分）( T or F)1. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, which serves as a definable centre or head.2. Functional Grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a system network, or meaning potential. This network consists of subsystems from which language users make choices.3. Compound word refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separate words to produce a single new word, such as breakthrough, nonsmoker, self-control, dutyfree, booklet.4. From some book titles of linguistics such as (1) English Explained: Two Centuries of Comment on the Mother-Tongue, (2) Protean Shape: A Study in Eighteen-century Vocabulary and Usage, (3) Prejorative(Disapproval) Sense Development in English, we can judge their research methods: synchronic orientation is book (2) and book (3), and diachronic orientation book (1).5. A: Can you tell me where Mr. Smith’s office is? B: Yes, not here. In the above discourse, Speaker B is violated the Quantity Maxim of being as informative as is required.三、简答题（5题，每题8分，共40分）1. What is the cooperative principle proposed by H. Paul Grice?2. What are the features and merits of machine translation?3. What is communicative competence?4. What is Sapir-Whorf hypotheses?5. What does “cognition” mean?四、论述题（2题，每题20分，共40分）1. What is the essence of sociolinguistics? And what implication can we get from this discipline?2. What does Noam Chomsky mean by Language Acquisition Decice (LAD)? And What’s your comments on LAD?1。
广东财经大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试卷财政学
欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页共 1 页）
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2016年 考试科目代码及名称：F502-财政学
适用专业：020203 财政学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、简答题（5题，每题10分，共50分）
1.公共产品与私人产品内涵及区分标准。
2.基础设施投资的提供方式。
3.税制构成要素。
4.“拉弗曲线”及其含义。
5.财政政策目标。
二、论述题（2题，每题25分，共50分）
1.当前我国优化财政支出结构应采取的政策措施。
2.财政实现稳定和发展职能的机制和手段。
1。
广东财经大学2016年硕士研究生招生入学考试初试试题考试科目：613英语水平测试
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2016年 考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I. Cloze. Read the following passages and choose a proper word to fill in each of the blanks in the passage. (30 points in all, 1 point for each)Passage 1Until the Second World War there was no clear transition period between (1)____and adulthood in British society. Young people were (2) ____children until they were about 16 or before if they had started work. Young people and their parents often (3)____similar clothes, attitudes and (4) ____ life. All this began to change in 1950s.In the 1950s the teenagers began to be seen as a special (5)____group and that was often characterized as a period of (6)____ from the family and (7)____ against the values of home and society. With increasing prosperity in Britain, many teenagers had increasing (8)____power and thus became the special (9)____for advertising, especially for music and fashion.(10) ____the 1950s almost each decade has had a characteristic youth cult with the (11)____ of the rebellious teenager, identifiable(12)____ the particular style of clothes or music. The first cult to (13)____was the Teddy Boys in the 1950s, (14)____with early rock ‘n’roll music. In the 1980s it was the Acid House scene, associated with music and drug Ecstasy which (15)____ the rave culture and clubbing of the 1990s.(1) A. infancyB. youth C. childhood D. Toddlers(2) A. regarded B. seen C. called D. interpreted(3) A. wear B. choose C. obey D. shared(4) A. normal B. daily C. common D. social(5) A. community B.age C. association D. institute(6) A. joining B. connection C. alienation D. distraction(7) A. betray B. fight C. revolt D. revolution(8) A. socializing B. purchasing C. promoting D. marketing(9) A. purpose B. aim C. target D. hope(10) A. AS B. Since C. From D. With(11) A.image B. picture C. impression D. figure(12) A.by B. with C. in D. to(13) A.emerge B. happen C. appear D. expose(14) A.associated B. related C. bond D. afflicted(15) A.changed into B. expanded into C. decreased into D. increased intoPassage 2Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But “progress” is a funny word. It doesn’t (16)____mean that something has become stronger, wiser or better. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it (17)____out to be worse than before.(18)____medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical (19) ____, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection (20)____a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us (21)____together again. If we are born (22)____something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our sanity, ease our pain, replace (23)____parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a (24) ____we have to pay.Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been (25)____steadily, in spite of serious (26)____to reduce the rate of population growth. Less than a century ago in the United States, infant mortality (27)____more than half of the newborn (28)____the first year of life. Medical advances, (29)____, have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child born in the United States today has (30) ____than a 90 per cent chance of survival.(16) A. necessarily B. nearly C. basically D. often(17) es B. gets C. makes D. turns(18) A. See B. Take C. Consider D. Look(19) A. improvements B. advancements C. movements D. care(20) A. or B. and C. with D. of(21) A. back B. up C. through D. over(22) A. of B. from C. out D. with(23) A. tired B. weary C. worn D. fatigued(24) A. cost B. bill C. price D. check(25) A. arising B. rising C. raising D. going(26) A. efforts B. effects C. problems D. events(27) A. exclaimed B. proclaimed C. clamored D. claimed(28) A. over B. within C. between D. among(29) A. however B. though C. moreover D. besides(30) A. more B. greater C. bigger D. betterII. Proofreading and error correction. The following passage contains 15 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Correct the errors and write the answers on the answer sheet. (30 points in all, 2 points for each)“Art does not solve problems, but makes us awared of (1)their existence,” sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz has said.Arts education, on the other hand, does not solve problems. (2)Years of research shows that it’s closely linking to almost (3)anything that we as a nation say we want for our children and (4)demand to our schools: academic achievement, social and (5)emotional development, civic engagement, and equitableopportunity.Involvement in the arts is associated to gains in math, (6)reading, cognitive ability, critical thinking, and verbal skill.Arts learning can also improves motivation, concentration, (7) confidence, or teamwork. A report by the Rand Corporation (8)about the visual arts argue that the intrinsic pleasures and (9) stimulation of the art experience have more than sweeten an (10) individual’s life --- according to the report, they “can connectpeople more deeply to the world and open them in new ways (11)of seeing,” creating the foundation to forge social bonds andcommunity cohesion. And strong arts programming in schoolshelps close a gap that has left many child behind: From (12)Mozart for babies to tutus for toddlers to family trips to themuseum, the children of affluent, aspired parents generally get (13)exposed to the arts whether or not public schools provide it. (14)Low - income children, often, do not. “Arts education enablesthose children from a financially challenged background tohave a more level playing field with children who have hadthose enrichment experience,” says Eric Cooper, president and (15)founder of the national Urban Alliance for Effective Education.III. Gap-filling. Fill in the following blanks with the correct words and correct forms of the words given according to the meanings of the sentences. (30 points in all, 2 points for each)(1) (look) at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.(2) Its (miss) head happened to be among remains of the fifteen century B.C.(3) Before (return) home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.(4) Apart from an interesting - looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it (break)(5) The temple which the archaeologists (explore) was used as a place of worship from the fifteen century B.C. until Roman times.(6) Physics (go) from studying the familiar things in our everyday lives like baseballs to strange things like atoms.(7) I often (wonder) some people, who had no intention of making purchase, (take) advantage of this privilege.(8) It is evident that the elderly gentlemen greatly (hurt) and will never come back to the store to sample pudding any more.(9) It (be) only twenty - five years since television came to control American free time.(10) I wish I (live) in Hainan(11) If I (have) the money now, I’d buy a new house.(12) With the help of a (fair) godmother and some animal friends, Cinderella goes to the ball in a beautiful dress.(13) Few of our modern novels are of great (significant).(14) The current welfare system has been (benefit) to most of us.(15) It has been used as much for improving the design and presentation of day - to - day documents as for producing (publish).IV. Reading Comprehension. In this section, there are 6 reading passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then choose the correct answer. (60 points in all, 2 points for each)11982 was the year of information technology in Great Britain. But what exactly is infotech? 85% of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important. They were right. It is. So what is it? Well, put simply, it is the “marrying - up” of products from several key industries: computers, telephones, television, satellites. It means using micro - electronics, telecommunication networks, and fibre optics to help produce, store, obtain and send information by way of words, numbers, pictures and sound more quickly and efficiently than ever before.The impact infotech is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous. It is already linking the skills of the space industry with those of cable television so programmes can be beamed directly into our homes from all over the world. Armies of “steel collar” workers, the robots, will soon be working in factories doing the boring, complex and unpleasant jobs which are at present still done by man. In some areas such as the car industry this has already started. Television will also be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards. Home banking and the automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television screen. Cable television which in many countries now gives a choice of dozens of channels will soon be used to protect our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms linked to police and fire stations. Computers will run our homes, controlling the heating, air conditioning and cooking systems while robots will cope with the housework. The friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the postal service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via viewdata screens.All these things are coming very fast and their effects will be as far - reaching as those of the industrial revolution. Infotech is part of the technological revolution andthat is with us now.(1) From the first paragraph, we can infer that the author was .A. unaware of the results of the pollB. satisfied with the results of the pollC. surprised at people’s ignorance of the meaning of infotechD. deeply impressed with the wiseness of the British people(2) The first paragraph is mainly about .A. theimportance of modern technologyB. the products of key industries in the 1980’sC. the British people’s knowledge of infotechD. the exact meaning of infotech(3) The second paragraph is mainly about .A. the ways to link skills of space industry with those of cable televisionB. the great effects infotech is having and will have on our lives and workC. the future uses of computers and robots in both homes and industriesD. the comfortable life people will live in the near future(4) According to the passage, television will be used to to a lot of things EXCEPT .A. ordering goods from shops for customers at their homesB. running our homes and doing all kinds of houseworkC. protecting our homes against fire and burglaryD. depositing money in a bank and withdrawing it from the bank(5) According to the last sentence of Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is TURE?A. The postman has become a thing of the past.B. Viewdata screens are being used now to receive electronic mail.C. Electronic mail will disappear some day.D. The postal service will not be used in the future.2Washington was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance. Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanent home for themselves and for those departments --- the Treasury, the Patent Office, and so on --- which even the sketchiest of central governments would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end to congressional bickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designed federal district. Not much to anyone’s surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of land on the banks of the Potomac River, a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation Mount Vernon.The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the time it was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation and the rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. There is now a section of Washington that is commonly refereed to as Foggy Bottom; that bore the same nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown, flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities of the infant nation --- Chaleslon, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth --- and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent.(6) In line 6 (Para. 1), the phrase “charged with” could best be replaced by which of the following?A. Attacked with.B. Accused of.C. Asked to pay for.D. Given the responsibility of.(7) Why was George Washington’s choice for the site of the capital not very surprising?A. The site was close to George Washington’s own home.B. The river would bring trade to the city.C. The members of Congress had already stated their preference for the site.D. George Washington had lived on the site before the American Revolution.(8) It can be inferred from the passage that the term “Foggy Bottom” in the second paragraph refers to a section of Washington D. C. that .A. used to be mostly swamplandB. lies at the bottom of Mount VernonC. has the lowest population in the districtD. used to be the site of the national weather station(9) The author implies that Georgetown was important in the eighteenth century because it .A. linked the federal district with the oceanB. was a model for building the new federal districtC. defended the east coast against invadersD. was the home of the Treasury and the Patent Office(10) What is the main topic of the passage?A. The role of George Washington in the American Revolution.B. The first years of the United States Congress.C. The founding of WashingtonD. C.D. The governing of the federal district.3Ask Steveland Morris and he’ll tell you that blindness is not necessarily disabling. Steveland was born prematurely and totally without sight in 1950. He became Stevie Wonder --- composer, singer, and pianist. The winner of ten Grammy awards, Stevie is widely acclaimed for his outstanding contributions to the music world.As a child, Stevie learned not to think about the things he could not to, but to concentrate on the things that he could do. His parents encouraged him to join his sighted brothers in as many activities as possible. They also helped him to sharpen his sense of hearing, the sense upon which the visually disabled are so dependent.Because sound was so important to him, Steve began at an early age to experiment with different kinds of sound. He would bang things together and then imitate the sound with his voice. Often relying on sound for entertainment, he sang, beat on toy drums, played a toy harmonica, and listened to radio.Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments. He first learned to play the drums. He then mastered the harmonica and the piano. He became a member of the junior church choir and a lead singer. In the evenings and on weekends, Stevie would play different instruments and sing popular rhythm and blues tunes on the front porches of neighbor’s homes.One of Steve’s sessions was overheard by Ronnie White, a member of a popular singing group called The Miracles. Ronnie immediately recognized Stevie’s talent and took him to audition for Berry Gordy, the president of Hitsville USA, a large recording company now known as Motown. Stevie recorded his first smash hit “Fingertips” in 1962 at age twelve, and the rest of Stevie’s story is music history.(11) This passage could be entitled.A. The Music WorldB. Stevie WonderC. Great MusicianD. Blind People(12) Which of the following is NOT true about Stevie’s childhood?A. Stevie often tells people that a blind person is not necessarily disabled.B. He learnt to concentrate on things that he could do.C. He played as often as possible with his brothers, who had normal sight.D. He tried very hard to train his sense of hearing.(13) By saying “Stevie soon graduated from toy instruments to real instruments”, the author means that.A. Stevie finished his study at a toy instruments schoolB. Stevie began to study in a real instruments schoolC. Stevie gave up all his toy instruments and began to buy many real instrumentsD. Stevie started to play real instruments(14) The author mentions all the following fact EXCEPT that.A. Stevie’s neighbors could often enjoy his playing and singingB. It was Ronnie White who recognized Stevie’s talent and led him to a successful careerC. Berry Cordy helped him to set up his own recording companyD. Stevie’s parents played a very important part in training his sense of hearing(15) The “Fingertips”.A. recorded Stevie’s musical performance that won him instant fameB. was a record that turned out to be great successC. carried the message that the blind could work miracles with their fingertipsD. All of the above4It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six - year old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”---ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.(16) According to the passage, memory is considered to be.A. the basis for decision making and problem solvingB. an ability to store experiences for future useC. an intelligence typically possessed by human beingsD. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words(17) The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that.A. the computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’sB. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’sC. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’sD. both A and B(18) The whole passage implies that.A. only human beings have problem - solving intelligenceB. a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respectC. animals are able to solve only very simple problemsD. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence(19) The phrase “in terms of ” in the last sentence can best be replaced by .A. “in connection with”B. “expressed by ”C. “consisting”D. “by means of”(20) The topic of the passage is:A. What would life be like without memory?B. Memory is of vital importance to life.C. How is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer’s?D. What is contained in memory?5Bobby and his master, farmer John Gray, were familiar sights in Edinburgh. Every Wednesday after a visit to market and exactly as the time - gun boomed one o’clock, the two would enter Traill’s Dining Room for their midday meal, a frugal lunch for Gray, and a bun for Bobby.Then in 1858, the schedule was interrupted. Farmer Gray died. Three days after the funeral, exactly at one o’clock, Traill found himself looking into a pair of beseeching canine eyes. Bobby got his bun and disappeared. This was repeated for several days until Traill’s curiosity got the better of him. He followed the small terrier as he left and raced to his master’s grave. There he remained each day, fair or foul, despite the efforts of dog - loving townspeople to give him a new home. The graveyard’s caretaker, while sympathetic, was at first not so willing to let him in. But Bobby’s devotion and fidelity were so great that the caretaker provided Bobby with a shelter close to the grave to protect him from bad weather.Then, after nine years, Bobby was arrested as a vagrant because he had no license. The restaurant keeper appeared in court with Bobby. He was released by merciful justice. But just to make sure the law could not touch him, Lord ProvostWilliam Chambers paid Bobby’s fee each year and presented him with a brass - plated collar inscribed “Greyfriar’ s Bobby from the Lord Provost, 1876, Licensee.”After that, Greyfriar’s Bobby was allowed to keep his lonely vigil undisturbed. He never varied his mealtime. Each day he left the graveyard as the gun roared one o’clock to pick up his bun and take it back to eat at his master’s side. He must have been really hardy for he lived until 1872, having kept to his solitary post for fourteen long years. He was buried in Greyfriars’, of course, in a flower bed near John Gray’s tombstone.(21) An appropriate title for the passage could be.A. Traill’s Dining RoomB. Farmer John GrayC. Bobby the FaithfulD. Lord Provost William Chambers(22) The phrase “familiar sights” in the first sentence is nearest in meaning to.A. “people who are familiar with the surroundings”B. “people who enjoy sightseeing”C. “people who have very good eye- sights”D. “people or objects that are often seen around by others”(23) The phrase “fair or foul” in the second paragraph is used to describe.A. the graveyardB. the weatherC. BobbyD. Traill(24) Which of the following is NOT mentioned or implied about Bobby?A. Bobby had refused to live in other people’s home.B. Bobby was devoted and faithful to his master.C. Bobby was once arrested because he did something wrong.D. Bobby was protected by Lord Provost William Chambers until his death.(25) From the passage, we know that Bobby was.A. John Gray’s servantB. a dogC. a vagrantD. John Gray’s son6Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Before an insurance company will agree to insure anything, it collects accurate figures about the risk. It knows, for example, that therisk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he takes in crossing a busy road. This enables it to quote low figures for travel insurance. Sometimes the risk may be high, as in motor - racing or mountaineering. Then the company charges a much higher price. If too many climbers have accidents, the price rises still further. If the majority of climbers fall off mountains, the company will refuse to insure them.An ordinary householder may wish to protect his home against fire or his property against burglary. A shopkeeper may wish to insure against theft. In normal cases, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium. If it is suspicious, it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious claim, it will investigate the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his own premises so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance companies also accept insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large premium is charged, but a reduction is given to companies with an accident free record.Every week insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can form a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It invests in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not as greedy as it may seem, since this is one way by which it can keep its premiums down and continue to make a profit while being of service to the community.(26) According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. A passenger by air will take greater risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.B. A passenger by air will take less risk of being killed than a man crossing a busy road.C. A passenger by air will have to pay more to the insurance company than a mountain climber.D. A motorist should pay the highest price to the insurance company.(27) From the passage we know that if accidents will happen nine times out of ten, the insurance company will.A. charge a lower priceB. give a much higher priceC. quote the highest priceD. not provide its insurance service.(28) If a shop owner in debt destroyed his own houses, his purpose would most probably be to.A. lower the premium he should pay to the insurance companyB. obtain a large sum of money from the insurance companyC. clean up the surrounding circumstancesD. ask the insurance company to help him to rebuild his shop(29) According to the passage, if an airline has accident - free record, it usually pays to the insurance company.A. no premiumB. less premiumC. a large premiumD. the same premium as the other companies(30) The main idea of the last paragraph is.A. that the insurance company is greedy of gainB. that the insurance company makes a large sums of money every weekC. the insurance company makes a great profit by investing its money in different itemsD. how the insurance company makes use of its incomes and the reason why it should do so。
2016年广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷F517-英语综合能力测试
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2016年考试科目代码及名称：F517-英语综合能力测试适用专业：050201 英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］Part I British and American Literature1. General Knowledge (15%)Directions:Match the following literary characters or trend in Column A with the corresponding literary works in Column B and with the corresponding writers in Column C.2. Works Analysis (20%)Directions: Give a general introduction and analysis of Tess of the D’Urbervilles in terms of its writer, writing background, theme and major characters, etc.Part II. General Linguistics3. Terminology(15%)Directions: Translate the following terms into Chinese1)Suprasegmental features2)Pragmatics3)Functional Linguistics4)Semantics5)Root and Stem4. Short answer question(15%):Directions: Answer the following questions brieflyWhy is Saussure considered as the father of modern linguistics?Part III. Translation5. English-Chinese Translation（15%）Directions: The following paragraphs are adapted from a passage entitled The Mind is Flexible. Please translate them into Chinese.For many years we have talked about education in a changing society but have done little to educate for uncertainty. Perhaps the best insurance we can offer for this uncertainty is the presence of a good mind. To develop a good mind the student must learn how to learn and develop a taste for learning. The world of tomorrow needs flexible individuals, intelligently mobile individuals, individuals who can land on their feet when their jobs become technologically obsolete, individuals who can cope with the unexpected.To educate for flexibility we must distinguish between training and education. To train is to emphasize fixed responses, to stress immediate goals to the neglect of long-term growth. To educate, however, is to foster limitless growth, lifelong learning, to develop the good mind.Mark Twain's story about the cat is in order here. He said that a cat that jumps onto a hot stove will never jump on a hot stove again. Nor he added, will she ever jump on a cold one. The cat can be trained but, contrary to what cat-lover may say, cannot be educated.6. Chinese-English Translation (20%)Directions: Please translate the following paragraphs into English.1) 这次欧洲之旅带给我很多惊奇的小事，其中一个就是我发现世界竟能如此多样化，对于本质上相同的事物处理起来却方式各异，比如说吃喝或是买电影票。
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The early 1600s saw the beginning of a great tide of emigration from Europe to North American. Spanning more than three centuries, this movement grew from a trickle of a few hundred English colonists to a flood of millions of newcomers. Impelled by powerful and diverse motivations, they built a new civilization on the northern part of the continent.
The English immigrants to what is now the United States crossed the Atlantic long after thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies and South America. Like all early travelers to the New World, they came in small, overcrowded ships. During their 6-12weeks voyages, they lived on meager rations. Many died of disease; ships were often battered by storms and some were lost at sea. Most European emigrants left their homelands to escape political oppression, to seek the freedom to practice their religion, or for adventure and opportunities denied them at home. Between 1620 and 1635, economic difficulties swept England. Many people could not find work. Even skilled artistans could earn little more than a bare living. Poor crop yields added to the distress. In addition, the Industrial Revolution had created a burgeoning textile, which demanded an ever-increasing supply of wool to keep the looms running. Landlords enclosed farmlands and evicted the peasant in favor of sheep cultivation. Colonial expansion became an outlet for this displaced peasant population.
The colonists first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. The settlers might not have survived had it not been for the help of friendly Indians, who taught them how to grow native plants pumkin, squash, beans and corn. In addition, the vast, virgin forests, extending nearly 2,100 kilometers along the Eastern seaboard, proved a rich source of game and firewood. They also provided abundant raw materials used to build houses, furniture, ships and profitable cargoes for export.。