南京大学2007考博英语真题及答案解析
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.A．developB．introduceC．exerciseD．utilize正确答案：D解析：utilize／-ise vt．利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。
develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。
introduce vt．引进，传入；介绍。
exercise vt．运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。
2．There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)A．utterB．soleC．intimateD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。
A项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate亲密的，隐私的：corresponding相应的，通信的”都不正确。
3．They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)A．evacuatedB．emptyC．vacantD．vacate正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated撤退者的；empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty．(这是个空箱子。
07年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2007年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2007-6 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A ( point each ) 21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed. A. compelling B. rational C. ridiculous D. ambiguous 22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on 24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D.convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C. dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D. altering 29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted 30. Thousands of people left their rural homesand flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A. dashed B. filed C. strolled D. swarmed Section B ( point each) 31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with 32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior D. lower 33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony D. honesty 34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle 35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for 36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation 1 37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm. A. accustomed to B. committed to C. applied to D. suited to 38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk. A. expose B. lead C. contribute D. send 40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun. A. tour B. travel C.visit D. trip PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s c urriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization. \research, and science in general are ever more important,\ Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 \College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean. 41.A. inspecting42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update44. A. trust-worthy45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B.As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling 2 PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.’? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parksinstead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to fight air pollution in big cities. B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster D. can be more serious than we used to think 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________. A. on the left side in the bus B. on the right side in the bus C. in the middle of the bus D. at the back of the bus 3 55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. airpollution on an underground train is less poisonous D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street D. count down for the light to change Passage Two Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost allscientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as globalwarming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended C. will become worse D. will last for decades 58. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B.subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans’ burning of fossil fuel D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide 59. The word \ 4 A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. worried D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels. D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______. A. a region like Siberia B. a warmer and warmer place C. a tropical region D. a place like North Pole 62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is A. lack of harmony B. violence C. global warming D. climate shiftPassage Three We’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenlystopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble. Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered thatdifferent areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful. If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________. 5。
2007年南京大学考博英语真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(255)
2007年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(总分110, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.We were______in the middle of our conversation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cut offB cut downC cut inD cut out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：cut off中断，切断。
cut down砍倒，胜过。
cut in把……插进，插入。
cut out切掉，取代。
2.______fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.SSS_SINGLE_SELA LikeB AlikeC AsD Comparing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：此处as就如……，像……一样。
like像。
alike相同的，相似的。
3.My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ______I keep to this day.SSS_SINGLE_SELA and thusB andC soD and which该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：先行词是the watch，由两个并列的定语从句共同修饰。
关系代词which 在两个定语从句的成分不同：一个作主语，一个作宾语，故第二个which不能省略。
4.I don't mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive ______for dinner.SSS_SINGLE_SELA unusuallyB excessivelyC consequentlyD unexpectedly该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：unexpectedly出乎意料地，忽然的。
南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析directions：in the following article，some sentences have been removed.for questions1-5，choose the most suitable one from the list a―g to fit into each of the numbered blank.there are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.it seems to me there are two aspects to women.there is the demure and the dauntless.men have loved to dwell，in fiction at least，on the demure maiden whose inevitable reply is：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！the demure maiden，the demure spounse，the demure Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mother―this is still the ideal.a few maidens，mistresses and mothers are demure.a few pretend to be.but the vast majority are not.and they don‘t pretend to be.we don’t expect a girl skilfully driving her car to be demure，we expect her to be dauntless.what good would demure and maidenly members of parliament be，inevitably responding：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！―though of course there are masculine members of that kidney.―and a demure telephone girl？or even a demure stenographer？demureness，to be sure，is outwardly becoming，it is an outward mark of femininity，like bobbed hair.but it goes with inward dauntlessness.1）with the two kinds of femininity go two kinds of confidence：there are the women who are cocksure，and the women who are hensure.a really up-to-date woman is a cocksure woman.she doesn‘t have adoubt nor a qualm.she is the modern type.whereas the old-fashioned demure woman was sure as a hen is sure，that is，without knowing anything about it.she went quietly and busily cluciking around，laying the eggs and mothering the chickens in a kind of anxious dream that still was full of sureness.but not mental sureness.her sureness was a physical condition，very soothing，but a condition out of which she could easily be startled or frightened.it is quite amusing to see the two kinds of sureness in chickens. the cockerel is，naturally，cocksure.he crows because he is certain it is day.，then the hen peeps out from under her wing.he marches to the door of the henhouse and pokes out his lead assertively：ah ha！daylight，of course，just as i said！―and he majestically steps down the chicken ladder towards terra firma，knowing that the hens will step cautiously after him，drawn by his confidence.so after him，cautiously，step the hens.he crows again：ha-ha！here we are！―it is indisputable，and the hens accept it entirely.he marches towards the house.from the house a person ought to appear，scattering corn. why does the person not appear？the cock will see to it.he is cocksure. he gives a loud crow in the doorway，and the person appears.the hens are suitably impressed but immediately devote all their henny consciousness to the scattered corn，pecking absorbedly，while the cock runs and fusses，cocksure that he is responsible for it all.so the day goes on.the cock finds a tit-bit，and loudly calls the hens.they scuffle up in henny surety，and gobble the tit-bit.but when they find a juicy morsel for themselves，they devour it in silence，hensure.unless，of course，there are little chicks，when they most anxiously call the brood.but in her own dim surety，the hen is really much surer than the cock，in a differenty way.she marches off to lay her egg，she secures obstinately the nest she wants，she lays her egg at last，then steps forth again with prancing confidence，and gives that most assured of all sounds，the hensure cackle of a bird who has laid her egg.the cock，who is never so sure about anything as the hen is about the egg she has laid，immediately starts to cackle like the female of his species.he is pining to be hensure，for hensure is so much surer than cocksure.nevertheless，cocksure is boss.when the chickenhawk appears in the sky，loud are the cockerel‘s calls of alarm.then the hens scuffle under the verandah，the cock ruffles his feathers on guard.the hens are numb with fear，they say：alas，there is no health in us！how wonderful to be a cock so bold！―and they huddle，numbed.but their very numbness is hensurety.just as the cock can cackle，however，as if he had laid the egg，so can the hen bird crow.she can more or less assume his cocksurensess.2）it seems to me just the same in the vast human farmyard.only nowadays all the cocks are cackling and pretending to lay eggs，and all the hens are crowing and pretending to call the sun out of bed.3）so the women step forth with a good loud cock-a-doodle-do！the tragedy about cocksure women is that they are more cocky，in their assurance，than the cock himself.they never realize that when the cock gives his loud crow in he morning，he listens acutely afterwards，to hear if some other wretch of a cock dare crow defiance，challenge.to the cock，there is always defiance，challenge，danger and death on the clear air；or the possibility thereof.but alas，when the hen crows，she listens for no defiance or challenge.when she says cock-a-doodle-do！then it is unanswerable. the cock listens for an answer，alert.but the hen knows she is unanswerable.cock-a-dooodle-do！and there it is，take it or leave it！4）it is the tragedy of the modern woman.she becomes cocksurem，she puts all her passion and energy and years of her life into some effort or assertion，without ever listening for the denial which she ought to take into count.she is cocksure，but she is a new all the time.frightened of her own henny self，she rushes to mad lengths about votes，or welfare，or sports，or business：she is marvellous，out-manning the man.but alas，it is all fundamentally disconnected. it is all an attitude，and one day the attitude will become a weird cramp，a pain，and then it will collapse.and when it has collapsed，and she looks at the eggs she has laid，votes，or miles of typewriting，years of business efficiency―suddenly，because she is a hen and not a cock，all she has done will turn into pure nothingness to her.5）[a]if women today are cocksure，men are hensure.men are timid，tremulous，rather soft and submissive，easy in their very henliketremulousness.they only want to be spoken to gently.[b]the girl who has got to make her way in life has got to be dauntless，and if she has a pretty，demure manner with it，then luck girl.she kills two birds with two stones.[c]conventional ideas about women seems pretty much cut and dried in the modern society.[d]and yet she is never so easy，cocksure，as she used to be when she was hensure.cocksure，she is cocksure，but uneasy.hensure，she trembles，but is easy.[e]and it is this that makes the cocksureness of women so dangerous，so devastating.it is really out of scheme，it is not in relation to the rest of things.so we have the tragedy of cocksure women.they find，so often，that instead of having laid an egg，they have laid a vote，or an emply ink-bootle，or some other absolutely unhatchable object，means nothing to them.[f]but the women pointed out the men had not produced anything，and the human race was pretty much starving.[g]suddenly it all falls out of relation to her basic henny self，and she realizes she has lost her life.the lovely henny surety，the hensureness which is the real bliss of every female，has been denied her：she had never had it.having lived her life with such utmost strenuousness and cocksureness，she has missed her life altogether. nothingness！答案及解析1）b.为生计所打拼的女孩子不得不勇敢无畏，如果她举止又温驯娴淑，那么她就是个幸运的女孩子。
南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案
南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。
面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。
很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。
在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。
工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。
事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。
我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。
顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。
Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。
2007英语真题及答案
2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。
南京大学2007年考博英语试题
中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t南京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (30%)Part A (10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. We were ______ in the middle of our conversation.A. cut offB. cut downC. cut inD. cut out2. ______ fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.A. LikeB. AlikeC. AsD. Comparing3. My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ______ I keep to this day.A. and thusB. andC. soD. and which4. I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive ______ for dinner.A. unusuallyB. excessivelyC. consequentlyD. unexpectedly5. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire.A. to beB. to have beenC. having beenD. be6. Look at this mess! If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed7. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure ______.A. than more on efficiency C. and more on efficiencyB. and more efficiency D. than efficiency8. Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my explanation seemed not to ______.A. get upB. get alongC. get acrossD. get down9. We will see ______ the children are properly educated.A. to themB. to thatC. to it whetherD. to it that10. The famous inventor was awarded an ______ doctorate by the university.A. honoraryB. honorableC. honoredD. honorificPart B (10%)Directions: Of the questions 11-20, each has four underlined parts marked A., B., C and D respectively. Identify the ONE that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. 11. Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in largeA B Cdeposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.D 12. The increasing popularity of the motorcycle as a convenience, economical form ofA B C transportation has been just short of astounding.D 13. The international Olympic Games, regarded as the world’s most prestigious athletic中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tA Bcompetition, take place once every the four years.C D 14. Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the variousA B Cpeople to whom money are owed.D 15. A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those bird’s thievish habits.A B C D 16. The spontaneity of children’s artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity ofA B much of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.C D 17. It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decadeA B C before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.D 18. When the concentration of calcium in the blood is too low, the parathyroid glands beganA B C to secrete the hormone parathormone.D 19. Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude ofA B C Dindustrial and commercial uses. 20. High-grade written paper is frequently obtained from cotton rags.A B C DPart C (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively beneath the passage. You should choose the ONE that is most appropriate. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his mate and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, used up the best territory in the order of “first come, first 21 .” The late arrivals may acquire 22 territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the 23 of the enemies of the species. 24 there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not 25 . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict 26 territory, animals will commonly use force, or a show of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, 27 , that animals seem to use only the minimum amount of force 28 to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the case of those animals which are capable of 29 each other great harm, 30 is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the victor normally stops fighting.21. A. use B. serve C. served D. used22. A. larger B. better C. smaller D. worse中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t23. A. caves B. nests C. residences D. habitats24. A. Neither B. If C. Since D. Because25. A. breed B. produce C. mate D. compete26. A. for B. over C. with D. by27. A. moreover B. henceforth C. however D. yet28. A. compulsory B. essential C. necessary D. vital29. A. doing B. made C. given D. sending30. A. this B. that C. it D. thereSECTION II READING COMPREHENSION (40%)Directions: In this section you will read five passages. Each one is followed by four questions. To each question, you are to choose the one best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D respectively. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage OneEven today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease---whether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regions---rain-forest, mangrove swamp, parched plains of red earth---than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseen---evil spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was convinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger delta, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Except for the ticking of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove , seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves---vistas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird.I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny, which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), I found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.31. There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa. ______.A. This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliarity of West Africa.B. This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C. This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tD. This fact has been greatly overemphasized.32. A lot of the old African religion has to do with ______.A. kidnapping peopleB. keeping the spirits awakeC. human sacrificeD. keeping the spirits happy33. The author was kept awake by ______.A. a ghostB. his friendC. the witchesD. eerie feelings34. “Mangrove” means ______.A. a sort of birdB. a sort of manC. a sort of treeD. a sort of animalPassage TwoPerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.35. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Difficulties of writing satiric literature.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tB. Popular topics of satire.C. New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D. Reasons for the popularity of satire.36. Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?A. They are famous examples of satiric literature.B. They present commonsense solutions to problems.C. They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D. They are books with similar stories.37. Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?A. Newly emerging philosophies.B. Odd combination of objects and ideas.C. Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.D. Wholesome characters who are unselfish.38. According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be ______.A. informed about new scientific developmentB. exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC. reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD. told how they can be of service to their communitiesPassage ThreeCertainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shaped---hence their name---and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with their flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate--feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t39. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumber important?A. Because it helps them digest food.B. Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C. Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D. Because it makes them attractive to fish.40. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses ______.A. the reproduction of sea cucumbersB. the food sources of sea cucumbersC. the eating habits of sea cucumbersD. threats to sea cucumbers’ existence41. What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?A. They are very sensitive to the surrounding stimuli.B. They are almost useless.C. They require group cooperation.D. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.42. Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?A. A touchB. FoodC. Unusually warm waterD. PollutionPassage FourIn most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or a rupture point.For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too flexible to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tforced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture.43. The passage is primarily concerned with ______.A. demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawedB. defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting themC. discussing the evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that allow them to occurD. comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events44. It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?A. The earthquake was a deep event.B. The earthquake was a shallow event.C. The earthquake focus was distant.D. The earthquake had a low peak intensity.45. The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?A. Stress must build up.B. Cool rock must descend into the mantle.C. A fracture must occur.D. Both A and C.46. The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?A. Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B. Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C. Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.D. The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously though.Passage FiveArchaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tHere we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousand pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance--more than 4000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.47. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose ______.A. an alternative to museum display of artifactsB. a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological professionC. the governmental regulation of archaeological sitesD. a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts48. The author implies that all the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT ______.A. A market for such artifacts already existsB. Such artifacts seldom have scientific valueC. Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifactsD. Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections49. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?A. Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.B. Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.C. Such artifacts often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.D. Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.50. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?A. An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.B. Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.C. Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.D. Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.SECTION III TRANSLATION (30%)Part ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese. (I5%)Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW’s - such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e ttheir dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.” The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious. Part B Directions: Choose 3 out of the following 4 sentences and put them into English. (15%) 1．科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然，在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人，他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析，具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。
南京大学考博英语-2_真题-无答案
南京大学考博英语-2(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections: In questions 1-15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Hitler sought to annihilate resistance movements throughout Europe.A. exterminateB. exceedC. excludeD. expel2. The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. haughtyB. shyC. indifferentD. upset3. Mrs. Mary wore a string of beads around her neck.A. small pieces of goldB. small balls of precious stonesC. small pieces of woodD. small balls of glass4. I didn't stop at John's house because he had visitors, and I didn't want to butt in.A. intrudeB. incurC. inferD. intercept5. John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him.A. chronicB. cavernousC. convincingD. choral6. He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.A. on his mindB. out of mindC. off his mindD. to his mind7. You are too rigid: you must learn to change your plans when the situation it.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls forthD. calls in8. If your expenses ______your income, you will be in debt.A. surpassB. exceedC. surviveD. pass9. You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.A. abridgeB. rewriteC. revealD. change10. Could you please give me a hand? Let's______ the bookcase into place.A. shootB. shoveC. containD. indicatePart BDirections: In questions 16-30, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that mast be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.11. All of (the) performers in the play did (well). The (audience) applauded the (actors) excellent performance.A. theB. wellC. audienceD. actors12. (That) the woman (was saying) was so important that I asked everyone (to stop) talking and (listen).A. ThatB. was sayingC. to stopD. listen13. This is the (longest) flight I (have ever taken). By the time we get to Los Angeles, we (had flown) (for) 9 hours.A. longestB. have ever takenC. had flownD. for14. To control (quality) and (making) decisions (about) production are among the many responsibilities of an (industrial) engineer.A. qualityB. makingC. aboutD. industrial15. If one does not pick up (his) dry-cleaning (within) thirty days, the management is not (obligated) to return it (back).A. hisB. withinC. obligatedD. back16. His recommendation that Air Force (investigates) the UFO sighting (was) approved (by **mission) and referred (to) the appropriate.A. investigatesB. wasC. by **missionD. to17. (Electronic) mail to describe an upcoming workshop (should use) only (if) potential participants use this form of communication (regularly).A. ElectronicB. should useC. ifD. regularly18. Confucius— a statesman, scholar, and (educator) of (great skill) and reputation—is generally held to be China's (greatest) and most (influence) philosopher.A. educatorB. great skillC. greatestD. influence19. (The first) electric lamp had two carbon rods (from which) vapor (served) to conduct the current (across) the gap.A. The firstB. from whichC. servedD. across20. (It is said) that Einstein felt (very) (badly) about the application of his theories (to) the creation of weapons of war.A. It is saidB. veryC. badlyD. toPart CDirections: For each blank for questions 31-40 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (21) it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (22) , says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, "ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (23) very well."(24) by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (25) **panions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream-and as much (26) to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product of cheese and milk with the sugar (27) . Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (28) Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz) and (29) dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (30) the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (31) to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (32) it in cups.Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (33) and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (34) the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (35) . Three out of four (36) it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (37) in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in (38) of three or four cups, costing about $1.79.What would happen (39) a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? "Nothing," says Tyznik. "It's (40) , but frankly, it won't taste very good. \21. A. giving B. feeding C. sharing D. buying22. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Therefore D. Initially23. A. swallow B. consume C. digest D. exude24. A. Bothered B. Impelled C. Annoyed D. Stimulated25. A. please B. raise C. train D. comfort26. A. contentment B. satisfaction C. fun D. luxury27. A. included B. including C. removed D. removing28. A. cost B. spent C. needed D. took29. A. one B. other C. a D. another30. A. perfect B. superb C. excellent D. top31. A. temptations B. attempts C. temperance D. temps32. A. assembles B. attaches C. packages D. labels33. A. extensively B. faithfully C. delicately D. intensively34. A. received B. accepted C. treated D. offered35. A. trial B. try C. test D. practice36. A. preferred B. compared C. attributed D. related37. A. bargained B. negotiable C. available D. displayed38. A. bundles B. parcels C. packets D. packs39. A. provided B. when C. though D. if40. A. harmful B. harmless C. effective D. ineffectiveSection Ⅱ Reading ComperehensionDirections: In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 41-70, you are to choose the one best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheer.Passage OneIn a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellows with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.During the summer of 1899, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a Wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.It was still a young wasp when we got it (thirteen or fourteen years old) and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was a female we decided to call it Miriam, but soon the children's nickname for it— "Pudge" —became a fixture, and "Pudge" it was from that time on.One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a nine of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North America. The cards went everywhere.I was too tired to stop to pick them up that night, and went sobbing to bed, just as mad as I could be. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. "Maybe Pudge will pick them up," I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.When I came down the next morning Pudge was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing of larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and, discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.If this is not an answer to Professor Bouvier's statement, I do not know what is.41. Professor Bouvier believes that insects______.A. do not have intelligenceB. behave in an intelligent wayC. are capable of reasoningD. are more intelligent than we thought42. On the evening the author fell over, someone______.A. had moved his card indexB. had been playing card gamesC. had knocked over his boxes containing cardsD. had looked at his collection of diamonds43. When he came to the laboratory the next morning, the author______.A. saw that his cards had already been rearrangedB. realized that the wasp had been trying to helpC. found evidence of the wasp's intelligenceD. found his index cards still scattered about the room44. The author's account of his wasp's intelligence______.A. is imaginaryB. is convincingC. firmly proves his point of viewD. is valuable for insect study45. The purpose of this article is to______.A. oppose Professor Bouvier's point of viewB. support Professor Bouvier with his own experienceC. further discuss whether insects are intelligentD. illustrate the working theory behind the author's thesisPassage TwoModem technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modem artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If breakup has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized asnot merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.46. The welding techniques______.A. can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB. permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC. can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor's designsD. can make artists adaptable to be surroundings47. We can learn from the text that Freud's studies______.A. are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB. have influenced other scientific inventionsC. cause SurrealismD. have infiltrated Surrealism48. Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A. They diminished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences.B. They tried to express their subconscious world.C. They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D. They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.49. According to the passage, it is true that______.A. artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB. artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC. artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD. artistic creations are the reflection of the material world50. The sentence "But this has rarely been a one-way street" in the last paragraph means that______.A. contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB. modern science has been nourished by artC. artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD. the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualPassage ThreeWhen I was a child in Sunday school, I would ask searching questions like "Angels can fly up in heaven, but how do clouds hold up pianos?" and get the same puzzling response about how that was not important, what was important was that Jesus died for our sins and if we accepted him as our savior, when we died, we would go to heaven, where we'd get everything we wanted. Some children in my class wondered why anyone would hang on a cross with nails stuck through his hands to help anyone else; I wondered how Santa Claus knew what I wanted for Christmas, even though I never wrote him a letter. Maybe he had a tape recorder hidden in every chimney in the world.This literal-mindedness has stuck with me; one result of it is that I am unable to believe in God.Most of the other atheists I know seem to feel freed or proud of their unbelief, as if they have cleverly refused to be sold snake oil. My husband, who was reared in a devout Catholic family, has served as an altar boy. So other than baptizing our son to reassure our families, we've skated over the issue of faith.Some people believe faith is a gift; it's a choice, a matter of spiritual discipline. I have a friend who was reared to believe, and he does. But his faith has wavered. He has struggled to hang onto it and to pass it along to his children. Another friend of mine never goes to church because she's a single mother who doesn't have the gas money. But she once told me a day when she was washing oranges as the sun streamed onto them. As she peeled one, the smell rose to her face, and she felt she received the Holy Spirit. "He sank into my bones," she recounted. "I lifted my palms upward, feeling filled with love."Being no theologian, and not even a believer, I am not in a position to offer up theories, but mine is this: people who receive faith directly, as a **bustion of the soul, have fewer questions. They have been sparked with a faith that is more unshakable than that of those who have been taught.51. From the first paragraph of the passage we know that______.A. the author was a Sunday school boyB. the author used to be puzzled at many thingsC. the school didn't teach the children enough knowledgeD. tape recorders were popular in daily life52. The word "his" in "a cross with nails stuck through his hands" (Line 6, Para.1) refers to______.A. Jesus'B. a child'sC. anyone'sD. Santa Claus'53. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the author believes in GodB. most people are atheistsC. most American families baptize their babiesD. the author hasn't a religious family background54. In the third paragraph the author uses the example of the single mother to indicate that faith______.A. is a giftB. is a choiceC. can be easily waveredD. is a spontaneous impulse55. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?A. The Issue of Faith.B. A Child's Fancy.C. The Belief in God.D. The Combustion of Soul.Passage FourThe growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no morethan that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone service—its reliability, quality, and notorious customer service.The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone carders—Verizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT&T Wireless, Sprint imperil their timetables for becoming profitable, not to mention their efforts to whittle down their mountains of debt. As the carders have begun to cut costs, wireless- equipment **panies such as Lucent, Nokia, and Ericsson—have been left with a market that's bound to be smaller than they had anticipated. Handset makers have been insulated so far, but they, too, face a nagging uncertainty. They'll soon introduce advanced phones to the U.S. market that will run on the new networks the carders are starting up over the next year or two. But the question then will be: Will Americans embrace these snazzy data features—and their higher costs—with the wild enthusiasm that Europeans and Asians have?Long before the outcome in clear, the industry will have to adopt a new mind-set. "In the old days, it was all about connectivity." says Andrew Cole, an analyst with wireless consultancy Adventis. Build the network, and customers **e. From now on, the stakes will be higher. The new mantra: Please customers, or you may not survive.To work their way out of this box, the carders are spending huge sums to address the problem. Much of Sprint PCS's $ 3.4 billion in capital outlays this year will be for new stations. And in fact, the new high-speed, high-capacity nationwide networks due to roll out later this year should help ease the calling-capacity crunch that has caused many **plaints. In the meantime, **panies are using better training and organization to keep customers happy.The nation's largest rural operator, Alltel (AT), recently reorganized its call centers so that a customer's query goes to the first operator who's available anywhere in the country, instead of the first one available in the customer's home area. That should cut waiting time to one minute from three to five minutes previously.56. What is the text mainly about?A. The bad service in the U.S. cell-phone industry.B. The crisis in the U.S. cell-phone industry.C. The conflicts among cell-**panies in the U.S.D. The price of the U.S. cell-phone industry.57. The growth of cell-phone users declines because______.A. cell-phones are unreliableB. cell-phones usually have poor qualityC. the customer service is badD. customers are not satisfied with cell-phone service58. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the price war will reverse the present situationB. the wireless equipment makers will try to improve the original networksC. the handset makers will produce new phones with high technologyD. the Europeans are enthusiastic about the new advanced cell-phones59. According to the author, the cell-phone industry must adopt a mind-set in order to______.A. have better training and organizationB. become an indispensable part in people's lifeC. build more advanced and efficient networksD. help customers to choose proper service60. In order to work their way out of the box, Sprint PCS and Alttel are taking measures to______.A. design new advanced cell-phones in attractive formB. reduce costs and improve the efficiency of networksC. offer the customers better services and satisfy their needsD. arrange the call centers to reduce the customer's waiting timeSectiion Ⅲ TranlationPart ADirections: Put the following passages into Chinese.1. I think most of us would agree that the world is a shrinking place. On the one hand, this shrinking is highly beneficial. People around the world now enjoy economic, cultural and recreational opportunities which were previously not accessible. On the other hand, the rapid mobility of people, money, information, ideas **modities generally has provided new opportunities for crime, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. This will require unprecedented cooperation between nations, and will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values, even within nations, tensions between such values, as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high in the public agenda. Most probably new organizational forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.2. Viruses have been around longer than PCs, and are not without a certain mathematical and scientific interest. Indeed, not all viruses are malignant. Used properly, viral techniques are a valuable programming tool. Used improperly, they are pestilentially destructive. There's no perfect cure. Like the flu, computer viruses evolve. Last year's immunization isn't any good for this year's disease because every time someone invents a new medication, someone else invents a malady. Nonetheless, a few simple precautions will buffer you against all but the cleverest hacker.Part BDirections: Put the following sentences into English.1. 那位富有的女土再三要求签订婚前协议，令其未婚夫自尊心大大受损，结果以拒婚告终。
(GCT)英语真题2007年 含答案解析
Part One Vocabulary and Structure
Directions:
There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and
C. the twice price
D. the price twice
Part Two Reading Comprehension
Directions:
In this part there are three passages and one advertisement, each followed questions or unfinished statements.
C. They felt much more comfortable with the synthetic balls.
D. They believed the new balls would soon be replaced.
13. Which of the following contributes to the better control of the balls?
the way the ball bounces.
11. The NBA started using synthetic basketballs instead of leather ones because ______.
A. NBA players had used the leather balls for too long a time
Physics at the University of Texas. The scientists investigated friction that affects the ability of a player to hold
南京大学2007年基础英语考研真题
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O&1’1):"!"345"#O<=0+*-)$&&/*-(-)/8%#)$/’+(/&)$/-5$*+%#)%#3)+-8%’’/(/#)8%(/5)%+#<J5$+&/)$/+#/)$-)%&&/.8+20-.7/8:;*/+*./-#8)$%&./82/)+-5+2*./)/.;8%’’/(/#)5+#&/M6/#5/<W<=$/&%&Q)-)/2/#)!J)@&%2*+()-#))+2-7/-5$+%5/<=+*%5&/#)/#5/O!E$+%5/2-7%#3%&-*(+5/&&+’%#8/*/#8/#))$%#7%#3<=+*%5&/#)/#5/W!?-7%#3-5$+%5/%&)+/#8+0;+60%)$)$/’(//8+2)+5$++&/<=+*%5&/#)/#5/Y!?-7%#3-5$+%5/%&-5$-#5/’+(;+6)+&)-;+(%3%#-.<Y<4*+&&%:./5+6#)/(-(362/#)!J)@&&-’/)+’+..+0+)$/(&@+*%#%+#&<H+6((/&*+#&/!J’&+$;+6.+&/)$/+**+()6#%);)+:/-#%#8/*/#8/#))$%#7/(<H+6(/9%8/#5/!E+*;%#3+)$/(&@+*%#%+#&%#;+6(+0#*-*/(./-8&)+.+&&+’+(%3%#-.%);<))T O。
南京大学在职硕士联考2007年10月真题
2007年在职英语试题及答案详解Paper OneDialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points}Part I Dialogue CommunicationSection A Dialogue Completion1. Speaker A: I'd like to arrange a meeting to discuss our new plan. Are you free tomorrow?Speaker B: __A. I couldn't agree more.B. I'm quite sure of it.C. If only I hadn't had a prior engagement.D. I'm afraid I'm not available until Friday.2. Speaker A: Professor Lee, can I come to see you about my presentation this evening?Speaker B: __A. Yes. Is 8 o'clock a convenient time?B. Fine. Please come by bus No. 2.C. No. Never mind.D. Oh, That's my pleasure.3. Speaker A: Thank you so much for the wonderful dinner. Tom and I really enjoyed it.Speaker B: __A.I'm glad you made it.B. You're quite welcomeB.I like share with others. D. You’re always best friends.4. Speaker A: Well, I have to get back to the office now. It’s been really nice talking to you.Speaker B: ____ See you.A. Glad to meet you.B. Nice talking to you.C. I'll be right back.D. You shouldn't leave.5. Speaker A: I'm afraid I failed the math exam.Speaker B: ,it's not really that had, is it?A. Oh, yeahB. No wonderC. There nowD. No goodSection B Dialogue Comprehension6. Man: David really has an eye for beauty.Woman: You can say that again.Question: What does the woman mean?A. David has good eyesight.B. She agrees with the man.C. The man should praise David moreD. The man has said too much about David.7. Man: Why do you want to move out? You really have a happy life. I do envy you.Woman: You don't know that I have been over-protected by my mother these years. I want to spread my own wings.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She doesn't love her mother.B. She wants to be independent.C. She actually envies the man.D. She doesn't like family life.8. Woman: Bill, I want to have a few words with you about your performance in class lately.Man: I know I've gone down. I just haven't been studying as much as I ought to.Question: What is Bill's problem?A. He doesn't like to perform in class.B. He doesn't work hard enough.C. He has gone away lately.D. He feels depressed.9. Woman: Are you prepared for the exam tomorrow？Man: Oh, yeah, the exam will be a piece of cake.Question: What does the man mean?A. The woman should take the exam.B. The woman shouldn't be concerned.C. He is not worried about the examD. He enjoys taking exams.10. Man: Are you sure Bob and Tim will come to help today?Woman: No problem. They're men of their words.Question: What does the woman want to tell the man?A: Bob and Tim will keep their promise. B. Bob and Tim are good speakers.C: Bob and Tim will be on the woman's side. D. Bob and Time are very helpful.Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)11. We debated the advantages and disadvantages of filming famous works _____ intended for the theater.A. absolutelyB. conventionallyC. regularlyD. originally12. He said that the medicine the doctor gave him brought to his headache.A. retreatB. recoveryC. reliefD. relaxation13. Sociologists have long recognized that social tensions are __ elements of group life.A. averageB. routineC. normalD. standard14. In the National Zoo we can find __ animals that range from large beasts to small birds.A. a species ofB. a group ofC. a variety ofD. an amount of15. Mary had taken pains to __ that her guests had everything they could possibly want.A. seeB. knowC. feelD. learn16. Most people in the business world were told when they began their careers, not to let theirresume ____ one page.A. expandB. exceedC. exposeD. extend17. A reply will be sent within the next few days along with ____ apology.A. an honestB. an innocentC. a generousD. a sincere18. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money couldA. keep up withB. stand up forC. put up withD. make up for19. Long-term use of the drug can __ the patient's personality.A. alterB. switchC. exchangeD. substitute20. The volleyball team has had five __ victories in the last three years.A. successiveB. excessiveC. subsequentD. eventual21. A series of attempts __ made, he came to a successful solution of the problem.A. to beB. had beenC. wereD. having been22. Manufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, 17 percent of the workforce.A. to engageB. being engagedC. engagingD. engaged23. Her remarks left me wondering __ she could have changed so suddenly.A. whenB. howC. whetherD. what24. Caroline could do __ but leave although she would have liked to stay and continue talking with him.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing25. The boy regretted having spent so much time playing when heA. should have studiedB. had studiedC. was to studyD. must study26. It was during the morning rush hour ____ the bomb exploded.A. thatB. whenC. whileD. before27. I've attached my contact information in the recommendation letter__ you have further questions.A. for goodB. in orderC. for fearD. in case28. The boss realized the importance of qualified staff, and urged all __ to participate in the training seminar.A. concerningB. the concerningC. concernedD. the concerned29. As computer systems become even more sophisticated, the methods of those who exploit the technology.A. so too doB. as well asC. likewiseD. therefore30. I was annoyed by my friend who came late for our appointment but did not bother to ask how long IA. waitedB. was waitingC. have waitedD. had been waitingPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage One"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!"Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take a few too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They serve large portions to stand apart from competitors and to give the customers value. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s; the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. A restaurant industry trade magazine reported lager month that 57 percent of more than 4 000 people surveyed believed restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion;20 percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150 000 per year prefer smaller portions. But only 45 percent of those earning less than $ 25 000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.31. By saying” Be a member of the clean-plate-club!"(Para. 1) a parent or grandparent is asking the children toA. wash dishes after mealsB. eat all the food on their plateC. save food for the starving AfricansD. reserve food for the future32. According to news reports, US restaurantsA. are partly responsible for the overweight problemB. ignore the government regulations on food amountC. serve two to four times the amount the customers wantD. are partly to blame for the waste of food in America33. US restaurants provide large portions of food becauseA. Almost customers are calling for thatB. they want to win in severe competitionC. the American waistline in expandingD. it is the regulation of the restaurant industry34. According to the passage, working class Americans dining in restaurantsA. eat less to save moneyB. get less on their plateC. want to get their money's value backD. do not care about their health35. A proper title of the passage is __A. Why Restaurants Serve Large PortionsB. Income and Food Portion SizesC. Clean Your PlateD. Less Food on the Plate Is Healthier Passage TwoIt's a typical Snoopy card: cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Though I've received fancier, more expensive card over the years, this is the only one I've saved. One summer, it spoke volumes to meI received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teenage daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single parenthood, I was overwhelmed with, of all things,the simplest housework: leaky taps, oil changes, even barbeques(烧烤).Those had always been my husband's jobs. I was embarrassed every time I hit my thumb with a hammer or couldn't get the lawnmower(割草机) started.My uncertain attempts only fueled the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I lacked the tools and skills.On this particular morning, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something. (I prayed it wasn't another repair job.) The "something" turned out to be an envelope and several wrapped bundles on the carpet. My puzzlement must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful packages to my daughters' bright faces."Go ahead! Open them！"They urged. As I unwrapped the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill (烧烤架) and all the necessary objects including a green kitchen glove with a frog pattern on it."But why?" I asked."Happy Father's Day]" they shouted together."Moms don't get presents on Father's Day. ' I protested."You forgot to open the card. ' Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, on top of his dog house, merrily wishing me a Happy Father's Day. "Because," the girls said, "you've been a father and mother to us. Why shouldn't you be remembered on Father's Day?"As I fought back tears, I realized they were right, I wanted to be a "professional" dad, who had the latest tools and knew all the tricks of the trade. The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day, performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks of basic care and love.The girls are grown now, and they still send me Father's Day cards, but none of those cards means as much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didn't require any special tools at all--just a willing worker.36. By "it spoke volumes to me", (Par& 1) the mother in the story means the card __A. conveyed significant meanings to herB. aroused great sorrow in herC. brought her pleasant feelingsD. made her feel important37. After her husband's death, the mother found it was the hardest toA. handle the emotional shockB. face the terrible lonelinessC. keep harmony of the familyD. fulfill a male role in the house38. What puzzled the mother when her daughter asked her to see something one morning?A. It was not another repair job this time.B. Both of her daughters looked excited.C. She got gifts at that time of the year.D. The bundles on the floor were wrapped.39. The girls gave their mother a barbecue set probably becauseA. it was what their mother wantedB. it was a proper Father's Day giftC. barbecue was their favorite foodD. they wanted their mother to barbecue40. Which of the following statements is true about the first Father's Day card?A. It made the mother eager to get the latest tools.B. It praised the mother as a professional dad.C. Its fancy design impressed the mother most.D. It showed the girls' appreciation for their mother's love.Passage ThreeWhen foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who don't have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty.Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season Hunting for deer add duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American cultureAlso, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms". They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.41. What is most unusual about American society?A. Many Americans acquire guns illegally.B. Ordinary people can possess guns legally.C. The average citizen does not try to possess guns.D. Many school children carry guns legally.42. Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that ____.A. deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the countryB. herds and flocks bother farmer at nightC. hunting is part of the American way of lifeD. wolves threaten people's lives in rural areas43. The National Rifle Association was established to ____.A. help strengthen gun control lawsB. unite people who possess gunsC. defend Americans' right to possess gunsD. solve the problem of crime and violence44. Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is ____.A. gathering political supportB. becoming increasingly restrictedC. threatening endangered speciesD. causing serious problems45. The author's attitude towards the US gun culture is____.A. positiveB. negativeC. indifferentD. neutralPassage FourEmotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society,though heredity (遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions--fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions--which can exist at various levels of intensity--are anger, fear, joy, sadness, , acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.46. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind ____A. have emotions different from those of sighted personsB. have some facial expression like those of sighted personsC. depend only on words to express their feelingsD. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures47. The James-Lange theory of emotions ____A. overlooked internal physical reactionsB. exaggerated the function of stimulating eventsC. faced a challenge from counter evidenceD. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions48. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event?A. Interpretation made.B. Responses produced.C. Feeling stimulated.D. Action taken.49. Emotions are compared to colors because____.A. they are classified in a similar wayB. they have the same influence on people's lifeC. both of them may take on different formsD. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them50. The main purpose of this writing is to ____.A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviorsB. help readers enjoy pleasant emotionsC. outline the development of theories about emotionsD. analyze various emotions and physical changesPart Ⅳ Cloze Test (15 minutes,10 points)One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a Greyhound bus. This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United States, 51 people with frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has an international service 52 makes connection with cities in Canada and Mexico.Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way communities 53 the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may 54 longer than flying by plane, but the terminals are located in the center of most cities and there is 55 to the downtown area.These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned, They are all equipped with toilets in the rear to 56 the convenience of the passengers, but there are some very severe 57of conduct which are strictly enforced. On all buses 58 is forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not allowed.59 bus travel may not be suited to everyone's taste, it affords budget travelers the 60 to see America in comfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace.5I. A. giving B. providing C. offering D. favoring52. A. what B. which C. who D. such53. A. for B. along C. in D. from54. A. spend B. use C. consume D. take55. A. easy access B. fast way C. short path D. direct approach56. A. keep up B. result in C. add to D. look after57. A. terms B. rules C. clauses D. points58. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke D. smoker59. A. As B. Whether C. However D. Although60. A. money B. chance C. time D. occasionPaper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes,10 points)Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for building your energy resources. If you frequently work far into the night or have a poor sleep, it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody is different, most people need at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at their best.If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't feel energetic, you may actually be getting too much sleep.Once in while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get an adequate amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also consider taking a short sleep during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge your batteries.Part Ⅵ Writing (30 minutes,15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic” Entering College: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams'. Your composition should be based on the Chinese clues given below.中央电视台“圆梦行动”的公益节目旨在动员社会力量捐助贫困学子圆大学之梦。
南京大学考博英语阅读理解及其解析
南京大学考博英语阅读理解及其解析A.Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and si gnificant risks.Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is th at they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts tha t are generated by large companies.Now Congress,in apparent agr eement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contr acts of more than$500,000do their best to find minority subcon tractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with th e government.Indeed,some federal and local agencies have gone s o far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial.Accordin g to figures collected in1977,the total of corporate contracts Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu sa n qi with minority businesses rose from$77million in1972to 1. 1billion in1977.The projected total of corporate contracts wit h minority businesses for the early1980's is estimated to be ove r$3billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decad e.Promising as it is for minority businesses,this increased pa tronage poses dangers for them,too.First,minority firms risk e xpanding too fast and overextending themselves financially,since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses,they often need to make substantial investment in new plants,staff,equipm ent and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If,thereafter,their subcontracts are for some reason reduced,s uch firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses.The worl d of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entreprene urs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids.Bot h consume valuable time and resources,and a small company's effo rts must soon result in orders,or both the morale and the financ ial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ven tures with minority-owned concerns.Of course,in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures;clearly,White a nd minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neit her could acquire alone.But civil right groups and minority busi ness owners have complained to Congress about minorities being se t up as“fronts”with White backing,rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third,a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent.Even in the best of circumstances,fierce com petition from larger,more established companies makes it difficu lt for small concerns to broaden their customer bases;when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benef actor,they may truly have to struggle against complacency arisin g from their current success.(469words)Notes:civil rights activists公民权利激进分子。
2007年考博英语题
2007年考博英语题一、vocabulary and structure1. This book is expected to ____ the best-seller lists.A. promoteB. prevailC. dominateD. exemplify答案：C. dominate2. under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat____.A. towedB. pressedC. tossedD. propelled答案：D. propelled3. Just because I’m _____ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.A. redundantB. superiorC. versatileD. subordinate答案：D. subordinate4. although the colonists ____ to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians’ influence on American culture and language was not extensive.A. migratedB. irritatedC. mingledD. melted答案：C. mingled5. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed _____ to him but one day he discovered their different.A.identicalB. verticalC. parallelD. specific答案：A.identical6. Mary became _____ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Australia.A. completelyB. sincerelyC. absolutelyD. increasingly答案：D. increasingly7. although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ____.A. temperamentB. scrutinyC. symmetryD. contamination答案：B. scrutiny8. while a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ____leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.A. a distinctionB. an identificationC. an interpretationD. a breakthrough答案：D. a breakthrough9. each workday, the workers followed the same schemes and rarely _____from this routine.A. disconnectedB. detachedC. deviatedD. distorted答案：C. deviated10. They were _____ in their scientific research not knowing what happen outside their job.A. submergedB. drownedC. dippedD. immersed答案：D. immersed11. Watch the magician and try to_____ how he makes the dove disappear.A. set outB. figure outC. catch onD. work on答案：B. figure out12. poor transport facilities and the lack of resources, raw materials and energy also partly____ the drop in contract fulfillment.A. accounted forB. attributed toC. contribute forD. depended on答案：A. accounted for13. The world’s population is not _____evenly throughout the regions of the world.A. scatteredB. placedC. organizedD. spread答案：A. scattered14. Many students find _____ jobs during their summer holidays.A. contemptibleB. temporaryC. satisfactoryD. counterpart答案：B. temporary15. the Grapes of Warth, a novel about the Depression years of the 1980s, is one of John Steinkeck’s _____books.A. most famousB. the most famousC. are most famousD. and most famous答案：A. most famous16. The human Skehon consists of more than two hundred bones_____ together by tough and relatively irrelastic connective tissues called ligamentsA. are boundB. to bindC. bind themD. bound答案：D. bound17. in the 1850’s H.B,Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin ”became the best shelter of the generation, _____a host of imitators.A. inspiredB. inspired byC. inspiritingD. to inspire答案：C. inspiriting18. I will see to _____ the regulations printed.A. getB. gettingC. haveD. be getting答案：B. getting19. Although most algae are predominantly single-celled, those masked with brown and red pigments ____ multicellular.A. forB. theC. areD. when答案：C. are20. although hazel tree are small, _____ branches are strong and flexible.A. andB. theirC. itD. but their答案：B. their二、Reading comprehension21. it is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.A. high levels of nitrogenB. the components of the soilC. the numbers and kinds of the plantsD. the diversity of the species答案：D. the diversity of the species22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “bounty” ?A. good harvestB. poor harvestC. boundaryD. drought答案：A. good harvest23. according to Tillman, if the world loses its biological diversity_____.A. bounty and famine will alternateB. sea levels will rise rapidlyC. humanity’s waste products will become lessD. nitrogen in soil will rise above normal答案：A. bounty and famine will alternate24. Tillman implies that compared with the lifestyle of Westerners. Asians_____.A. are more likely to let cattle graze on grasslands.B. pay more attention to their relationship with other organism in this world.C. eat more agricultural products in their everyday life.D. use more natural resources in their everyday life.答案：B. pay more attention to their relationship with other organism in this world.25. The last paragraph mainly argues _____A. the different lifestyle between Westerners and AsiansB. human’s interdependence with other organisms in this worldC. how to keep environment from deteriorationD. how to turn to quality food into high-quality food.答案：C. how to keep environment from deterioration26. People in the 18 th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_____.A. no drive and ambitionB. no electric lightingC. the best sleep habitsD. nothing to do in the evening答案：B. no electric lighting27. according to Dr. David, Americans____.A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC. do not know how to relax themselves properlyD. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep.答案：B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit28. Many Americans believe thatA. sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB. they need more sleep to copy with the complexities of everyday lifeC. to sleep is something once can do at any time of the dayD. enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition答案：A. sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy29. the word “subjects” refer to_____A. the performance tests used in study of sleep deficitB. special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC. people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD. the psychological consequences of sleep deficit答案：C. people whose behavior or reactions are being studied30. it can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to ______A. improve one’s memory dramaticallyB. be considered dynamic by other peopleC. maintain one’s daily scheduleD. feel energetic and perform adequately答案：D. feel energetic and perform adequately31.in their speech young people like to ______A. invent words that older people cannot understandB. use words invented by pop starsC. give words new meanings to mislead their parentsD. copy the speech of their contemporaries答案：D. copy the speech of their contemporaries32. words of praise keep changing because______.A. they lose their freshnessB. there are more words available in this areaC. young people are becoming more discriminatingD. older people try to avoid the in-words of the young答案：A. they lose their freshness33.the fact that magic is a frequent source of words of praise suggests the people_____.A. lack linguistic originality.B. have always been interested in magicC. are becoming more superstitiousD. are interested in magic when young答案：B. have always been interested in magic34.the word “rage” probably means “______”A. violent angerB. a stormC. a current fashionD. a burning desire答案：C. a current fashion35. to the author’s granddaughter the word “ripping”_____.A. seems strange and old fashionedB. has a clearer meaning than it does for the authorC. is unacceptable because it is slangD. means much the same as smashing答案：A. seems strange and old fashioned36. From the passage we know that Wooster______.A. is the best model of growing city.B. is the place where the author lives.C. has no change in the past five yearsD. is a developed city with no pollution答案：B. is the place where the author lives.37.it can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Wooster used to be a quiet and peaceful city surrounded by farmland.B. with many nationwide shopping centers, Wooster lost its uniqueness.C. it is unavoidable to destruct farmland when city grows.D. is a developed city with no pollution答案：C. it is unavoidable to destruct farmland when city grows.38.the author mentioned an oak tree in the 5th paragraph in order to ______.A. blame the planning commission for its wrong decision.B. describe the beauty and naturalness of the cityC. show the residential and commercial growth of the cityD. show the detriment of commercial expansion to plants答案：D. show the detriment of commercial expansion to plants39. it can be concluded from the passage that the author think Wooster’s plumping commission ______.A. should have avoided such a tragedy.B. has tried its best to protect the environmentC. is the cause of environment pollutionD. preserves the hillsides and fields答案：A. should have avoided such a tragedy.40. Which of the following sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. when planning for future developments, effects on the environment should be taken into consideration.B. with a safety growth of pollution, more homes and more work places are needed.C. with immerse technology, population growth and economic flourish, we need to plan for the future.D. planning for future residential and commercial developments has had effects on the environment and the people.答案：A. when planning for future developments, effects on the environment should be taken into consideration.41. Robert Spring was so good as his profession as a forger that _______.A. his bookstore in Philadelphia was an immediate successB. even experts felt difficult to distinguish his products from the originalsC. even famous American liked his productsD. he prospered by selling his forgeries答案：D. he prospered by selling his forgeries42. why didn’t Spring sell his forgeries in America?A. because there was no demand for these thingsB. because America was not his motherlandC. because he would have to take greater risk of being discoveredD. because he would make more money by selling them in foreign countries答案：C. because he would have to take greater risk of being discovered43. according to the passage, Miss Fanny Jack was _____A. a respectable maiden from the southB. a famous general’s only daughter who survived the warC. a poor girl who had to sell her father’s paper to othersD. an imagined person created by Spring答案：D. an imagined person created by Spring44. in order to sell forgeries, Spring used all the methods except______.A. treating paper and ink with chemical.B. photocopying the handwriting of only famous AmericansC. using aged paper taken from old booksD. approaching people who were not experts答案：B. photocopying the handwriting of only famous Americans45. Spring hard work _____.A. failed to earn the well-off life in the endB. satisfied people’s demand for southern manuscriptsC. enabled him to live happily for fifteen yearsD. made it impossible for experts to tell the true from the false autographs答案：D. made it impossible for experts to tell the true from the false autographs46. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because____.A. the definition of maturity has changedB. more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeC. the industrialized society is more developedD. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance答案：B. more education is provided and laws against child labor are made 47. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to _____.A. certain behavioral changesB. social recognitionC. socio-economic statusD. graduations from schools and colleges答案：D. graduations from schools and colleges48. no one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is ____.A. twenty-one years oldB. sixteen years oldC. eleven years oldD. between twelve and twenty-one years old答案：A. twenty-one years old49. starting from 22, _____.A. one will obtain more basic rightsB. one won’t get more rights than when he is 21C. the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveD. one will enjoy more rights granted by society答案：B. one won’t get more rights than when he is 2150. according to the passage, it is true that _____.A. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed.B. no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC. one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s licenseD. one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join in army.答案：A. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed.51. the nuclear family is made of ______.A. individuals from several generationsB. husband, wife and childrenC. husband, wife and their parentsD. widowed parents and their children答案：B. husband, wife and children52. The man who suffered from depression is mentioned as an example of _____.A. someone being accepted by family members regardless of how that personrespondsB. someone who is an outcast because of illnessC. there being limits to the amount of help a family will give to a member who fails to return or accept their care.D. someone who is brought into the family activities by a caring family答案：C. there being limits to the amount of help a family will give to a member who fails to return or accept their care.53. according to the passage, widowed parents live together with their children when______.A. they can not take care of themselvesB. they are invited by their childrenC. they are needed as grandparents to take care of the grandchildrenD. they have no other choice答案：D. they have no other choice54. in this short passage the author mainly describes_______.A. what the relations between adults and the immigrant generation are likeB. how old people are treatedC. what conflicts result between young and old if they live togetherD. the family type that existed among Italian-Americans living in Boston-West End.答案：D. the family type that existed among Italian-Americans living in Boston-West End.55. the types of family existing in the West End is ______.A. a nuclear familyB. an extended familyC. an expanded familyD. a working-class family答案：A. a nuclear family三、translation1. with so great a proportion of the young people entering higher education there is a problem of maintaining academic standards, and the process can be painful.答案：随着大量年轻人接受高等教育，确保学术水平的问题也出现了，这个问题是艰巨的。
南京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(387)
南京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(总分105, 做题时间180分钟)[*]1.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A2.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C3.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D4.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D5.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C6.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B7.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C8.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C9.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D10.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A[*]1.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A2.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B3.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D4.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D5.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A6.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D7.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D8.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C9.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A10.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B[*]SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D[*]SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2SSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2SSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN15.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B[*]1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 15答案:[*]1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 5答案:2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 5答案:3.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 5答案:4.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 5答案:1。
南京大学考研基础英语真题2007年_真题-无答案(349)
南京大学考研基础英语真题2007年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)Part One ComprehensionTask 1: ReadingRead the passage below and then do the exercises that follow.THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF GESTURESOn his first trip to Naples, a well-meaning American tourist thanks his waiter for a good meal well-served by making the "A-Okay" gesture with his thumb and forefinger. The waiter pales and heads for the manager. They seriously discuss calling the police and having the hapless tourist arrested for obscene and offensive public behavior.What happened?Most travelers wouldn"t think of leaving home without a phrase book of some kind, enough of a guide to help them say and understand "là," "Nein," "Grazie" and "Où se trouvent les toilettes?" And yet, while most people are aware that gestures are the **mon form of cross-**munication, they don"t realize that the language of gestures can be just as different, just as regional and just as likely to cause misunderstanding as the spoken word.Consider our puzzled tourist. The thumb-and-forefinger-in-a-circle gesture, a friendly one in America, had an insulting meaning in France and Belgium: "You"re worth zero," while in Greece and Turkey it is an insulting or vulgar sexual invitation.There are, in fact, dozens of gestures that take on totally different meanings as you move from one country or region to another. Is "thumbs up" always a positive gesture? Absolutely not. Does nodding the head up and down always mean "Yes"? No!To make matters even more confusing, many hand movements have no meaning at all, in any country. If you watch television with the sound turned off, or observe a conversation at a distance, you become aware of almost constant motion, especially with the hands and arms. People wave their arms, they shrug, they waggle their fingers, they point, they scratch their chests, they pick their ROSES.These various activities can be divided into three major categories: manipulators, emblems, and illustrators.In a manipulator, one part of the body, usually the hands, rubs, picks, squeezes, cleans or otherwise grooms some other part. These movements have no specific meaning. Manipulators generally increase when people become uncomfortable or occasionally when they are totally relaxed.An emblem is a physical act that can fully take the place of words. Nodding the head up and down in many cultures.is a substitute for saying "Yes". Raising the shoulders and turning the palms upward clearly means "I don"t know", or "I"m not sure".Illustrators are physical acts that help explain what is being said but have no meaning on their own. Waving the arms, raising or lowering the eyebrows, snapping the fingers and pounding the table may enhance or explain the words that accompany them, but they cannot stand alone. People sometimes use illustrators as a pantomime or charade, especially when they can"t think of the right words, or when it"s simply easier to illustrate, as in defining "zigzag" or explaining how to tie a shoe.Thus the same illustrator might accompany a positive statement one moment and a negative one the next. This is not the case with emblems, which have the same precise meaning on all occasions for all members of a group, class, culture or subculture.Emblems are used consciously. The user knows what they mean, unless, of course, he uses them inadvertently. When Nelson Rockefeller raised his middle finger to a heckler, he knew exactly what the gesture meant, and he believed that the person he **municating with knew as well.The three of us are working on a dictionary, of emblems. ...In looking for emblems, we found that it isn"t productive simply to observe **municating with each other, because emblems are used only occasionally. And asking people to describe or identify emblems that are important in their culture is even less productive. Even when we explain the concept clearly, most people find it difficult to recognize and analyze their **munication behavior this way.Instead, we developed a research procedure that has enabled us to identify emblems in cultures as diverse as those of urban Japanese, white, middle-class Americans, the preliterate South Fore people of Papua, natives of New Guinea, Iranians, Israelis and the inhabitants of London, Madrid, Paris, Frankfurt and Rome. The procedure involves three steps.Give a group of people from the same cultural background a series of phrases and ask if they have a gesture or facial expression for each phrase: "What time is it?" "He"s a homosexual." "That"s good". "Yes". And so on. We find that normally, after 10 to 15 people have provided responses, we have catalogued the great majority of the emblems of their culture.Analyze the results. If most of the people cannot supply a "performance" for a verbal message, we discard it.Study the remaining performances further to eliminate inventions and illustrators. Many people are so eager to please that they will invent a gesture on the spot. Americans asked for a gesture for "sawing wood" could certainly oblige, even if they had never considered the request before, but the arm motion they would provide would not be an emblem.To weed out these false emblems, we show other people from the same culture videotapes of the performances by the first group. We ask which are inventions, which are pantomimes and which are symbolic gestures that they have seen before or used themselves. We also ask the people to give us their own meanings for each performanceThe gestures remaining after this second round of interpretations are likely to be the emblems of that particular culture. Using this procedure, we have found three types of emblems:First, popular emblems have the same or similar meanings in several cultures. The side-to-side head motion meaning "No" is a good example.Next, unique emblems have a specific meaning in one culture but none elsewhere. Surprisingly, there seem to be no uniquely American emblems, although other countries provide many examples.For instance, the French gesture of putting one"s fist around the tip of the nose and twisting it to signify, "He"s drunk." is not used elsewhere. The German "good luck" emblem, making two fists with the thumbs inside and pounding an imaginary, table, is unique to that culture.Finally, multi-meaning emblems have one meaning in one culture and a totally different meaning in another. The thumb inserted between the index and third fingers is an invitation to have sex in Germany, Holland and Denmark, but in Portugal and Brazil it is a wish for good luck or protection.The number of emblems in use varies considerably among cultures, from fewer than 60 in the United States to more than 250 in Israel. The difference is understandable, since Israel is composed of recent immigrants from many countries, most of which have their own large emblem vocabularies. In addition, since emblems are helpful in military operations where silence is essential, and all Israelis serve in the armed forces, military service provides both the opportunity and the need to learn new emblems.The kind of emblems used, as well as the number, varies considerably from culture to culture. Some are especially heavy on insults, for instance, while others have a large number of emblems for hunger or sex.Finally, as Desmond Morris documented in his book, Gestures, there are significant regional variations in modem cultures. The findings we describe in this article apply to people in the major urban areas of each country: London, not England as a whole; Paris, not France. Because of the pervasiveness of travel and television, however, an emblem is often known in the countryside even if it is not used there.Questions:1. True or false? Manipulators have meaning independent of the spoken word.A. 正确B. 错误2. True or false? In most cases, emblems are used consciously.A. 正确B. 错误3. True or false? The best way to gather research about gestures is to observe **municating with each other in natural settings.A. 正确B. 错误4. True or false? Emblems do not generally pantomime the action the3) represent.A. 正确B. 错误5. ______ are sometimes used when the speaker can"t think of the right words.6. Rockefeller"s gesture was an example of a (n) ______.7. The author"s "research shows that there are ______ types of emblems."8. When asked for a gesture that meant "sawing wood", Americans sometimes just invented one by making sawing motion with their arm. This is an example of a (n) ______.9. Why does Israel have so many emblems?Task 2: ClozeFill in the blanks with appropriate words where necessary.Scholarship is, 1 definition, a communal act. Disseminating or sharing knowledge makes the work of academic **plete. Consider 2 we always say "research and publication" suggestingthat scholarly investigation takes 3 meaning only when it is passed on to others, which might be considered an act of teaching. Surely, teaching undergraduates can be an authentic form of scholarly work.The simple truth is that almost all of us 4 where we are today because of the inspiration of an inspiring teacher. Yet, on far too many campuses, it is deemed better for a professor to 5 a paper at the Hyatt in Chicago 6 to teach undergraduates back home. And it"s really sad the way we speak 7 research "opportunities" and teaching "loads".Giving teaching such a low priority has a profoundly 8 influence on liberal learning. Young scholars often observe that, 9 of **mitment to general education, the reality is that too much time with students will, in 10 , jeopardize their careers.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Part Two TranslationTask 1: Translate the underlined sentences into English.1 今年9月10日是中国的教师节，那天我专程到医院去看望了北京大学的老教授季羡林。
2007医博统考听力题解析原文
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. To do some experiments. B. To attend a class.C. To review his lessons.D. To take a test.2. A. In a hotel. B. In the hospital. C. In the prison. D. At the airport.3. A. He got an ulcer in his stomach. B. He got hurt in the soccer game.C. He will be discharged soon.D. He got his tumor removed.4. A. She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy. B. She left because she had a headache.C. She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D. She slept off her headache.5. A. His new car is not fast enough.B. His new car moves very fast.C. His new car is a real bargain.D. His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6. A. Get more time to relax. B. Take some tranquilizers.C. Seek a second opinion.D. Avoid her responsibilities.7. A. He got a headache while establishing the institute.B. He had a hard time getting the institute started.C. Everything was OK at the beginning.D. Avoid her responsibilities.8. A. Excited. B. Frustrated. C. Annoyed. D. Relieved.9. A. Each class lasts an hour.B. The class is meeting in an hour and a half.C. The class meets four hours and a half per week.D. The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10. A. The woman was a good skier. B. The woman couldn’t ski.C. The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D. The woman didn’t like Swiss.11. A. She’s an insurance agent. B. She’s an insurance client.C. She’s a bank clerk.D. She’s a driver.12. A. He tripped over some crutches. B. He had rheumatism in his legs.C. He sprained his foot.D. He broke his leg.13. A. The vacation is almost gone.B. The vacation has just started.C. They are prepared for the new semester.D. They can’t wait for the new semester.14. A. She was knocked down by a feather. B. She is shamed of Larry.C. She was really surprised.D. She was proud of Larry.15. A. To visit his son. B. To perform an operation.C. To have an operation.D. To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitor. C. A physician. D. A dieter.17. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea. C. Headache. D. Stomach upset.18. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup. C. Antidiarrheas. D. Indigestion tablets.19. A. The cold weather. B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.20. A. Take the medicine from the woman. B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days.Passage Two21. A. Headaches. B. Insomnia.C. Respiratory problems.D. Digestive problems.22. A. On Monday in Edinburgh. B. On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C. On Monday at Staffordshire University.D. On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23. A. 94. B. 41. C. 130. D. 135.24. A. The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B. The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C. The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D. The subjects were asked if they had written down anything traumatic.25. A. The diarists who write of their free will.B. The diarists who were students at Staffordshire University.C. The diarists who had written about trauma.D. The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches.Passage Three26. A. A brief history of British pubs.B. Beer—the British national drink.C. Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D. The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27. A. As early as 659 AD. B. After 659 AD.C. Before the Roman invasion.D. After the Roman invasion.28. A. To restrict drinking hours.B. To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C. To encourage the locals to drink in other towns,D. To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29. A. People were better off.B. The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C. There appeared a new cheap drink.D. Drinkers had found various ways to get around the taws.30. A. The licensing hours have been extended.B. Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C. Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D. Big changes have taken place in pubs.2007全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 由男士的话I have an exam in about twenty minutes可知他正赶去做测验。
2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2008年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．Until the constitution is ______, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.A．correctedB．amendedC．remediedD．revised正确答案：B解析：句子大意为：任命部长的权利将一直属于总统，除非宪法修改。
本题考查近义词辨析。
在给出的选项中：correct“改正”；amend“修正”，可与表示法案的词搭配；remedy “纠正”；revise“修改”。
所以，正确答案是B。
2．Several experts have been called in to______plan for boating, tennis, refreshments and children’s game in the projected town park.A．equipmentB．instrumentsC．implementD．facilities正确答案：D解析：句子大意为：已经召集了一些专家设计拟建的城市公园的划船、网球、休息和儿童游乐设施。
本题考查近义词辨析。
在给出的选项中：equipment“设备”；instrument“仪器”；implement：“工具”；facilty“设施”。
所以，正确答案是D。
3．You can try ______ with the landlord for more time to play the money.A．pleadingB．requestingC．demandingD．dealing正确答案：D解析：句子大意为：你可以试着和房东多玩一会儿。
2007年南京师范大学博士招生入学考试英语试卷
2007年南京师范大学博士招生入学考试英语试卷英语试题库2007年南京师范大学博士招生入学考试试卷Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A (50%)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c) and d).You should decide on the best choice and circle the letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.growing industries over 31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’s fa stest-decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out.Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and practice are widely believed to have been invented by the US Mafia (黑手党). As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers ofLaundromats (自助洗衣点). As good cash businesses they were a good means ofproviding the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed and the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B, ideally in another country, preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguising the trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with aplausible explanation of how ti came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the money-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UN’s crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchiremarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishesrespect for the value like honesty and cooperation upon which successful societies are based”. Or as a senior USofficial said in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a politeform of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.”The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation(解除管制) of exchangecontrols are regarded ad the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. Together they have opened up many more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunitiesto hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy. 1. We know from the passage that money-laundering .a) has almost been stamped out by the world’s financial authorities.b) has greatly promoted the development of the world’s industries.c) only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidly.d) has expanded rapidly over the past decade.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase“stamp it out” (para.1) in thefirst paragraph?a) To put an end to it completely.b) To mark a sign by pressing on it.c) To announce it illegal.1英语试题库d) To do harm to is.3. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that .a) the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them.b) the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them.c) the Laundromats can give the dirty cash the appearance oflegitimate income.d) the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that it has attracted the Mafia. 4. In money-laundering, money would be moved fromthe scene of the crime to .a) the financial authoritiesb) the circulation fields.c) Laundromats operated by the Mafia.d) anonymous bank account in another country.5. With the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-launderinghas expanded rapidly by .a) deregulating the exchange controls.b) buying and operating more Laundromats.c) having more channels to launder dirty money.d) tightening the bank secrecy rules.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The media can impact current events. As a graduate student atBerkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that wore occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided mewith some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. Peoplegather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electroniccity. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave theviewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. 32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved . Media coverage of events as they occur also providespowerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, tel evision seemed to provide2英语试题库positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rallyfor peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.6. Where is the passage most likely to be from?a) Textbook of Media.b) Thesis.c) Newspaper or Magazine.d) Speech.7. The 1989 San Francisco earthquake was mentioned to show .a) how damaging the earthquake was.b) how people carried out rescue workc) the electronic media extend your consciousness and your contact.d) the viewers’ i mpression of total disaster.8. The term “ electronic city”( para.2) refers to .a) Los Angelesb) San Franciscoc) Berkeleyd) Earth9. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because .a) the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King.b) people can make their own judgments.c) video coverage from helicopters had made people angry.d) video coverage had provided powerful feedback.10. It can be inferred from the passage that .a) media coverage of events as they occur can have either good of bad results.b) most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with theverdict of jury.c) the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.d) Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday. Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions(离子) in the air can have anill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particle, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbedand a large proportion of positive ions are found. This happensnaturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral(寒冷的西北风) are blowing in certaincountries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of staticelectricity(静电) indoors from carpets orclothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea(恶心) or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes. Snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US3英语试题库Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains ,or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accountsfor the beneficial effort of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, somescientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizersnot only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic(地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?a) They think they are insane.b) They feel rather bad-tempered.c) They become violently sick.d) They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by .a) using home-made electrical goods.b) wearing clothes made of natural materials.c) waling on artificial floor coverings.d) copying TV programs on a computer.13. A high negative ion count is likely to be found .a) near a pond with a water pump.b) close to slow flowing riverc) in some barren mountains.d) by a rotating water sprinkler.14. What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?a) Ionizers.b) Air-conditioners.c) Exhaust-fansd) Vacuum-pump15. Some scientists believe that .a) watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effectiveb) the unusual behaviors of animals can not be trustedc ) neither watching nor using seismograph is reliabled) earthquakes cannot affect any animalsPassage FourQuestions 16to 20 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer.34.The hackers are so involved with designing their4英语试题库program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they don’t bothertrying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs forthe benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we don’t know about the shape ofthings to come. “That hacker who had to be literally dragged offhis cha ir at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry,” says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And twoformer hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into people’s lives. She points out thatthe computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affectsthe way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identityby allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances(细微差距) and texturedrelationships with the compute rs as they can with people.” Turkle points out.16. The passage tells about .a) the strange behavior of the computer hackersb) the ultimate importance of bringing up computer hackersc) different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenond) the emergence of computer hackers17. According to Prof.Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers’ strange behavior isa) their strong desire to control the computerb) their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerc) their incompetence in making new computer programsd) their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable 18. In Prof. Dertouzos’ opinion, we know that .a) computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersb) the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenc) the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopled) only a few hackers will be successful in their later life19. The phrase “to develop an identity”(Para.4) means .a) to become distinguishedb) to seek an answerc) to build up a creative abilityd) to form a habit20. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that .a) perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allb) though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be some benefitsc) the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrow5英语试题库d) the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidancePassage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The value of a business increasingly lies not in physical and financial assets that are on the balance sheet, but in intangibles: brands, patents, franchises, software, research programs, ideas and expertise. Few firms try to measure returns on these assets, let alonepublish information on them. Yet they are often what underlies a firm’s success. “Our primaryassets, which are our software and our software-development skills,do not show up on the balance sheet at all,” says Microsoft’s boss,Bill Gates. “This is probably not veryenlightening from a purely accounting point of view.”A sign that companies do not measure their assets properly may bethe growing gap between their stock-market value and the book value of their assets. Between 1973 and 1993, the median ratio of market valuesto book values of American public companies doubles; the difference has grown with a boom in high-tech shares. The gap is biggest for companies that have most rapidly boosted spending on research and development(R&D). Even within industries, the divergence(分歧) between stock-marketreturns and reported earnings hasincreased.You might think this would present a problem for investors, who no linger have a good way of telling whether the market value of a company is soundly based. Yet investors seem to know instinctively that knowledge is valuable. 35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, but it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad. Presumably investorsunderstand that companies in knowledge-based businesses can exploit the magic of rising returns to scale. Once a pill or a software programis developed, each extra sale brings in more money at little extra cost: the bigger the market, the greater the profits.In fact, the absence of good measures may bother those who run firms more than those who invest in them. For managers, the big problem is how to judge rates of return. With building a factory, there are time-honored methods for calculating the payback. But what if you are investing in R&D or software, or deciding whether to buy better people or to train more? There aren’t tools for making such decisions.21. The intangibles of a company are reflected in .a) physical and financial assetsb) stock-market valuec) the balance sheetd) the difference between the stock-market value and the book value22. What can we infer about Microsoft?a) It has no book-value assets.b) Its stock-market value equals its book value.c) There’s a great gap between its stock-market value and book value.d) Its stock-market value does not reflect the company’s real value23. Why does the share price of American multinationals rise?a) Because they buy foreign subsidiariesb) Because they invest much in intangible assets.c) Because they have low R&D spendingd) Because the investors know the methods for calculating the payback of6英语试题库knowledge-based businesses24. An investor who buys stocks of a company in knowledge-based businesses bases hisdecision on .a) pure speculation(投机)b) the company’s book valuec) whether the company buys foreign subsidiariesd) the prospect that its research will translate into low cost products 25. The phrase “such decisions”(Para.4) refe rs to .a) running firms in knowledge-based businessesb) investing in firms in knowledge-based businessesc) judging rates of return on firms in knowledge-based businessesd) calculating returns on a newly-built factorySection BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 26~30, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)Life is full of dangers and surprise. Your house may burn down. You may fall out of the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles ay eat your floor so that you drop in to the flat below for an uninvited cup of tea.26. .You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can insure against them. Most forms of insurance are voluntary-it is up to you whether you take out a policy or not. But some forms are compulsory. 27. .The “parties” to an agreement, or contract, are theindividuals or groups concerned. With third-party motor insurance,the three parties are (i) you yourself, (ii) your insurance company, and (iii) anybody else---for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third –party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users fromeach other. 28. .Another form of compulsory insurance is National Insurance.Everybody over 16 earning money on a regular basis must pay a sum each week to the state. These weekly contributions cover part of the cost of the National Health Service and the other social service benefits, e.g. unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, old-age pensions, industrial injury benefits and so on. You must be able to prove you have paid your contributions, so you must have a card(kept by your employer unless you are self-employed) onto which stamps are stuck every week. Of course,you can take out private health insurance as well if you wish, but you must still pay your state contributions.There are, of course, many insurance companies in Britain, bothlarge and small. But there is also a rather special organization called Lloyd’s, which started as a coffee-house inth late 17century. Lloyd’s is a society of around six thousand members-all of themunderwriters-and is administered by a committee controlled by Act of Parliament.29. .You have to go to an insurance broker who will then contact a member of Lloyd’s for you. If you want to insure something expensive---like a fleet of Jumbo jets, for example-your broker will probably have to contact a syndicate of underwriters because the risks would be too high for one man to cover.Lloyd’s will probably insure you against any risk at all---provided you are prepared7英语试题库to pay the premiums.30. .Maybe clowns insure their noses. You never know-anything may happen.A. Professional pianists sometimes insure their hands.B. Insurance on the other hand eliminates risks already in existence and , by combining them,substitutes a small known loss(premium) contributed by each person insured. C. If you drive a car, for example, you must take out a third-party insurance policy. D. So it is not an insurance company in the normal sense, but an insurance market and youcannot do business with it directly.E. If you want to insure against all the other terrible things that might happen to you or yourcar, you can take out a comprehensive policy.F. This spreading of risk protects the individual against lossesthat may be disastrous if hehas to bear them alone.G. Anything may happen, you never know.Part II TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following five sentences(all of which are underlined sentences in the five reading passages in Section A, Part I.) into Chinese. Remember to write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’s fastest-growing industries overdecade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out.32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could notunderstand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved .33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, somescientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable toother users.35. A study has found that the share price of Americanmultinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese Remember to write your translation clear on the Answer SHEET.(10%).The media help democracy when they provide more choices to more people, but they do no favors to democracy when they turn themselves from beacons(信号站) of light intoheat-seeking missiles. For example, the president’s 1995 State of the Union address took morethan an hour, which apparently was about a half hour more than the patience of most network commentators(commentator: person who comments) could tolerate. In their instant analysis after the speech, they all criticized its length and “ lack of focus”. Yet judging by polls andtalk shows the next day, most Americans appeared to appreciate the content of the presi dent’sspeech. Today the media investigate less and preach more.......8英语试题库Part III WritingSection ADirections: For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition entitled “Which one Do You Think Is More Important, PleasureOr Longevity?”. You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%)(Just for your reference)) about having fun, increasingly viewing themselves as People are almost phobic(恐惧症fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation(刺激).In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol(胆固醇)---can robyour life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengthens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity(长寿)Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.Section BDirections: Answer the following question with no less than 50 words. Remember to write your answer clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(5%) Who is Confucius(孔子),(over)9。